A
floor
is the walking surface of a room or vehicle. Floors vary from simpledirt in a cave to many-layered surfaces using modern technology. Floors may bestone, wood, bamboo, metal, or other material that can hold a person's weight. The levels of a building are often referred to as floors and are described inthe articlestorey. This article describes the structure of floors.Floors typically consist of a subfloor for support and a floor covering used togive a good walking surface. In modern buildings the subfloor often has electricalwiring, plumbing, and other services built in. Because floors meet many needs,some essential to safety, floors are built to strictbuilding codes. Jenis dan macan lantaiWhere a special floor structure like afloating flooris laid upon another floor thenboth may be referred to as subfloors.Special floor structures are used for a number of purposes:
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Balcony, a platform projecting from a wall
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Floating floor, normally for noise or vibration reduction
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Glass floor, as in glass bottomed elevators
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Nightingale floormakes a noise when an intruder walks on it
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Raised floor, utilities underneath can be accessed easily
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Sprung floor, improves the performance and safety of athletes and dancers
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Floor coveringAn example of a flooring job.
Floor covering
is a term to generically describe any finish material applied over a floorstructure to provide a walking surface.
Flooring
is the general term for apermanent covering of a floor, or for the work of installing such a floor covering.Both terms are used interchangeably but floor covering refers more to loose-laidmaterials.Materials almost always classified as floor covering includecarpet, arearugs, and
resilient flooring such aslinoleumorvinylflooring. Materials commonly called
flooring includewood flooring,ceramic tile,stone,terrazzo, and various seamless
chemical floor coatings.
The choice of material for floor covering is affected by factors such as cost,endurance, noise insulation, comfort and cleaning effort. Some types of flooringmust not be installed below grade (lower than ground level), and laminate orhardwood should be avoided where there may be moisture or condensation. The sub-floor may be finished in a way that makes it usable without any extra work,see:
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Earthen flooradobe orclayfloors
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Solid ground floorcement screed or granolithic
Carpet
Carpetis a floor covering woven or felted from natural or man-made fibers.
is attached to the floor structure, extends wall-to-wall, and cannot be movedfrom place to place. Anunderlaycan extend carpet life and improve comfort.
Laminate
Laminateis a floor covering that appears similar to hardwood but is made with aplywood or medium density fiberboard ("MDF") core with a plastic laminate toplayer. Laminate may be more durable than hardwood, but cannot be refinished likehardwood.Laminate flooringis available in many different patterns which canresemble different woods or even ceramic tile. It usually locks or taps together.
Area rugs
Rugsare also woven or felted from fibers, but are smaller than the room in whichthey are located, have a finished edge, and usually lie over another finished floorsuch as wood flooring. Rugs may either be temporarily attached to the flooringbelow by adhesive tape or other methods to prevent creep, or may be loose-laid.
Resilient flooringResilient flooring
includes many different manufactured products includinglinoleum, sheetvinyl,vinyl composition tile,cork(sheet or tile), and others.
Wood flooring
Many different species of wood are fabricated intowood flooringin two primaryforms: plank andparquet.Bamboo flooringis also available. While bamboo is
technically not a wood, bamboo flooring is installed and functions much like woodflooring.Reclaimed lumberhas a unique appearance and isgreen.
Ceramic tileCeramic tile
includes a wide variety of clay products fired into thin units which areset in beds of mortarormasticwith the joints between tilesgrouted. Varieties
includequarry tile,porcelaintile,terra cottatile, and others.
Stone
Many different natural stones are cut into a variety of sizes, shapes, andthicknesses for use as flooring. Stone flooring is usually set in mortar and groutedsimilar to ceramic tile.
Terrazzo
Terrazzoconsists of marbleor other stoneaggregateset in mortar and ground and
polished to a smooth surface.
Seamless chemical flooring
Many different seamless flooring materials are available. These are usuallylatex,polyester, orepoxycompounds which are applied in liquid form to provide a
completely seamless floor covering. These are usually found in wet areas such aslaboratories or food processing plants.
Other floorings
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Performance surfaceflooring for dance or athletics
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TileIncludes slate, ceramic and stone tiles
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