FORE School of Management

NETWORK AND INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES

ASSIGNMENT

W-CDMA
Section-B

Khem singh

Due Date: 20/10/2010

Submitted on: 20/10/2010

 Introduction

CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access. Here both data and voice are separated from signals

using codes and then transmitted using a wide frequency range. Because of this, there are more space left

for data transfer (this was one of the reasons why CDMA is the preferred technology for the 3G

generation, which is broadband access and the use of big multimedia messages). CDMA assigns unique

codes to each communication to differentiate it from others in the same spectrum. In a world of finite

spectrum resources, CDMA enables many more people to share the airwaves at the same time than do

alternative technologies. 14% of the worldwide market goes to CDMA. For the 3G generation CDMA

uses 1x EV-DO and EV-DV. It has a lot of users in Asia, especially in South Korea.

The development of W-CDMA was initiated when the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), in

its endeavor to support worldwide migration to 3G Mobile Networks, began proposal evaluation of 3G

protocols in the year 1999. They were known as International Mobile Telecommunication 2000 (IMT-

2000). Of these proposals Universal Telecommunications Services (UMTS) was one of the most

important IMT-2000 proposals to emerge.

It was in the late 1990s, that NTT DoCoMo developed the W-CDMA as the air interface for their 3G

network FOMA. It was not initially accepted as part of the IMT-2000 family of 3G standards but later on

as an alternative to CDMA2000, EDGE, and the short range DECT system, W-CDMA was accepted into

IMT-2000 as well as was selected as an air interface for UMTS.

The CDMA air interface is used in both 2G and 3G networks. 2G CDMA standards are branded

cdmaOne™ and include IS-95A and IS-95B. CDMA is the foundation for 3G services: the two dominant

IMT-2000 standards, CDMA2000® and WCDMA, are based on CDMA.

However for the WCDMA to be a success around the world there exist various hurdles, as WCDMA has

been developed by NTT DoCoMo there are various issues of cross-licensing of patents between

Qualcomm and W-CDMA vendors that are still to be addressed since some of the features of W-CDMA

are still covered by Qualcomm patents.

Basics of W-CDMA Technology

1.
 2.

3.
 Uses of W-CDMA

 Consumer level

 Small organizations

 Big organizations

W-CDMA operators have leveraged their success in delivering broadband data services to establish

themselves as leaders in service innovation while driving double-digit growth in data revenues. In some

markets in Asia, they are already generating over 30 percent of their revenues from data services, and in

the U.S., they have surpassed the 25 percent mark

 Difference between W-CDMA and CDMA
WCDMA CDMA2000 (1x / 1xEV-DO)
Bandwidth 5 MHz 1.25 MHz
Chip Rate 3.84 Mcps 1.2288 Mcps
Power Control 1500 Hz up/down 1xRTT: 800 Hz up/down 1xEV-DO: no

DL PC
Basestation Not needed Yes, via GPS

synchronization
Cell search 3-step approach via primary, Sync through time-shifted short code

secondary search code and correlation

CPICH
Downlink Pilot CDM common (CPICH) 1xRTT: CDM common 1xEV-DO:

TDM dedicated (bits in TDM common

DPCH)
User separation CDM / TDM (shared 1xRTT: CDM 1xEV-DO: TDM

channel) (scheduler)
2G interoperability GSM-UMTS handover 1xRTT backward compatible (1xEV-DO

(Multi-mode terminals) not)

Over the years a lot has changed in the field of communications as can be seen from the advancement in

CDMA technology the newer W-CDMA is far more superior than its predecessor i.e. CDMA2000 (1x /

1xEV-DO). The bandwidth of W-CDMA is of 5 MHz-wide radio channels, whereas CDMA2000

transmits on one or several pairs of 1.25 MHz radio channels. WCDMA is quite cheaper for video phone

handsets. Also due to the various conveniences provided by it has a huge potential in cities of Europe and

Asia due to their dense nature.

 Advantages of WCDMA in business communication

In today’s fiercely competitive 3G market, up gradations in CDMA technology has helped immensely to

organizations .although voice remains a basic telecommunication service, wireless broadband access has

been the focus of attention. Providing users with broadband access anytime and anywhere has become the

main issue for operators in their network construction.

From the perspective of future competition, CDMA operators must maintain their data service advantage

in CDMA.

With available spectrum, carriers can be bundled with software upgrade and changed channel boards, so

that network access bandwidth can be significantly improved at very low cost, and the advantages of high

access rates can be maintained.

At present, this technology is successful in commercial use in field-proven products such as base stations;

terminals, chips, and test equipment have been introduced in all links of the industry chain.

Few advantages of WCDMA in business communication are:

 it is highly secure

 Call processing speed is large.

 Increased capacity: serve more users

 Reduced capital requirements since fewer

 CDMA has the advantages of providing higher voice transmission quality and less radiation

 Media can carry the traffic

 Decreased per-user expense

 Easier to manage and administer

 Competitors in CDMA

 Telstra - australia

 China Telecom- china

 Umax-china

 Telekom Malaysia

 Aliant Telecom Mobility

 Unicom Inc.

 Skylink-russia

 PCCW Mobile HK Limited –hongkong

 ACS Wireless

 Reliance Communications,

 Tata Teleservices,

 State-owned BSNL

 Sistema- Shyam Telecom

Threats from emerging markets in CDMA

With the advent of globalization, various players in the industry are being threatened from emerging

markets in CDMA. Companies like Tianyu are emerging and are posing a challenge to the established

players, by making inroads to smaller cities and towns backed by heavy promotional campaigns.

Rising economic nationalism in India & China .

Emergence of new technologies like Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-

SCDMA) in China

Bibliograpgy

Books

 W-CDMA: mobile communications system - By Keiji Tachikawa

 WCDMA: towards IP mobility and mobile internet - By Tero Ojanperä, Ramjee Prasad

Internet Sites

 www.wikipedia.com

 www.cdg.org

 www.cellular.co.za

 www.cdmaonline.com