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Overheads

to

The Basics of Biblical Greek

By
Dr. William D. Mounce
© 1993-1999 All Rights Reserved
Preface
Included is what I hope will become a growing body of visual teaching aids. So much of our edu-
cational theory is designed for auditory learners, not visual learners. Hopefully these overheads
will help all students.
We are starting with very basic overheads. If you have some ideas that you would like me to do
and include in this packets in future years (with due credit given to you), please send your sam-
ples to Bill Mounce, Teknia, PO Box 337, Wenham, MA 01984, or email me at lbbg@teknia.com.
Teachers using The Basics of Biblical Greek may copy these overheads, both for overheads and stu-
dent handouts, provided that the copies are distributed at cost.

First printing . . . . . . . Fall, 1993


Second printing . . . . . . Fall, 1999

page 2
Chapter 3 page 1

Chapter 3

Alphabet (#3.3.2)

a b g d
z h q i
l m n x
p r s "
u f c y
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 3 page 2

Vowels (#3.4)

w
u
i o
a e h
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 3 page 3

Breathings (#3.4-5)

1. ajpovstolo"
2. uJpevr
3. rJuvomai
4. aijtevw
5. Aijtevw
6. ∆Ihsou'"

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 3 page 4

Diphthong (#3.5)

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 4 page 1

Chapter 4

Accents (#4.2)

Acute: uJpevr

Grave: uJpe;r

Circumßex: pneu'ma

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 4 page 2

Co-Elision (#4.2)

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 4 page 3

Vocabulary

5,437 different words


138,162 total occurrences

79.92 % of all occurrences

Words occurring 50 times and more account


for 110,425 of the total word occurrences, or
almost 80%.

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 4 page 4

Nominative and Genitive Paradigm

2 1 2
masc fem neut

nom sg lovgo" grafhv e[rgon


w{ra
acc sg lovgon grafhvn e[rgon
w{ran

nom pl lovgoi grafaiv e[rga


w|rai
acc pl lovgou" grafav" e[rga
w{ra"

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 5 page 1

Chapter 5

Terminology (#5.3-5)

Case: Nominative (subject)

Accusative (direct object)

Number: Singular

Plural

Gender: Masculine

Feminine

Neuter

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 6 page 1

Chapter 6

Nominative and Accusative (#6.3)

ÒThe apostle sends the apostle.Ó

oJ ajpovstolo" pevmpei to;n ajpovstolon.

" nominative subject

n accusative direct object

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 6 page 2

From Case to Function to Meaning

1. Case

2. Function

3. Meaning
nominative

subject predicate
nominative

your translation

Instead of thinking about word order, you should Þrst look at the wordÕs case, from
the case determine the wordÕs function, and from the function determine the wordÕs
meaning. Do not try to determine function on the basis of word order.

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 6 page 3

Parsing Made Simple

Step #1: Case ending

Step #2: Declension

Step #3: Gender

Step #4: Parsing

- nom sing fem


i 1st nom plural fem
n 1st acc sing fem
2nd masc acc sing masc
neut nom/acc sing

The goal is to move from the case ending to the parsing. There are several scenarios. Sometimes you
can see the case ending and know automatically what it must be (e.g., no ending). In this case you can
skip steps #2 nd #3. Other times you have to see the declension. For example, iota can be found several
places, but if it is a Þrst declension noun then it must be nom plural fem. A third scenario requires you
to move through the declension all the way to gender, as in the ending nu.

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 6 page 4

Paradigm (#6.13,15)

2 1 2
masc fem neut

nom sg " - n
acc sg n n n

nom pl i i a
acc pl u" " a

2 1 2
masc fem neut

nom sg lovgo" grafhv e[rgon


w{ra
acc sg lovgon grafhvn e[rgon
w{ran

nom pl lovgoi grafaiv e[rga


w|rai
acc pl lovgou" grafav" e[rga
w{ra"

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 6 page 5

Alternate Paradigm (#6.13,15)

2 1 2
masc fem neut

nom sg o" h on
acc sg on hn on

nom pl oi ai a
acc pl ou" a" a

2 1 2
masc fem neut

nom sg lovgo" grafhv e[rgon


w{ra
acc sg lovgon grafhvn e[rgon
w{ran

nom pl lovgoi grafaiv e[rga


w|rai
acc pl lovgou" grafav" e[rga
w{ra"
For teachers preferring to show the Þnal stem vowel with the case ending, we have included sev-
eral alternate paradigms.

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 6 page 6

Nouns Rules 1-3 (#6.20)

a/h à 1st declension

neuter nom = neuter acc

neuter nom/acc plural = a

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 6 page 7

Noun Rule #2

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 6 page 8

The Fog

The only way is through!

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 6 page 9

Nominative and Accusative

2 1 2
masc fem neut

nom sg " - n
acc sg n n n

nom pl i i a
acc pl u" " a

nom sg oJ lovgo" hJ grafhv to; e[rgon


hJ w{ra

acc sg to;n lovgon th;n grafhvn to; e[rgon


th;n w{ran

nom pl oiJ logoiv aiJ grafaiv ta; e[rga


aiJ w|rai

acc pl tou;" lovgou" ta;" grafav" ta; e[rga


ta;" w{ra"

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 6 page 10

Nominative and Accusative


(alternate)

2 1 2
masc fem neut

nom sg o" h on
acc sg on hn on

nom pl oi ai a
acc pl ou" a" a

nom sg oJ lovgo" hJ grafhv to; e[rgon


hJ w{ra

acc sg to;n lovgon th;n grafhvn to; e[rgon


th;n w{ran

nom pl oiJ logoiv aiJ grafaiv ta; e[rga


aiJ w|rai

acc pl tou;" lovgou" ta;" grafav" ta; e[rga


ta;" w{ra"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 7 page 1

Chapter 7

Indirect vs. Direct Object (#7.2)

Karin threw Brad a ball.

Karin threw Brad .

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 7 page 2

Case Endings
(First and Second Declension)

2 1 2
masc fem neut

nom sg " - n
gen sg u " u
dat sg i i i
acc sg n n n

nom pl i i a
gen pl wn wn wn
dat pl i" i" i"
acc pl u" " a

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 7 page 3

Case Endings (#7.6)


(First and Second Declension)

(alternate)

2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg o" h on
gen sg ou h" ou
dat sg w/ h/ w/
acc sg on hn on

nom pl oi ai a
gen pl wn wn wn
dat pl oi" ai" oi"
acc pl ou" a" a

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 7 page 4

DeÞnite Article (#7.7)

2 1 2
masc fem neut

nom sg oJ hJ tov
gen sg tou' th'" tou'
dat sg tw/' th/' tw/'
acc sg tovn thvn tov

nom pl oiJ aiJ tav


gen pl tw'n tw'n tw'n
dat pl toi'" tai'" toi'"
acc pl touv" tav" tav

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 7 page 5

Full Paradigm (#7.8)


2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg oJ lovgo" hJ grafh to; e[rgon
hJ w{ra

gen sg tou' lovgou th'" grafh'" tou' e[rgou


th'" w{ra"

dat sg tw'/ lovgw/ th'/ grafh'/ tw'/ e[rgw/


th'/ w{ra/

acc sg to;n lovgon th;n grafhvn to; e[rgon


th;n w{ran

nom pl oiJ lovgoi aiJ grafaiv ta; e[rga


gen pl tw'n lovgwn tw'n grafw'n tw'n e[rgwn
dat pl toi'" lovgoi" tai'" grafai'" toi'" e[rgoi"
acc pl tou;" lovgou" ta;" grafav" ta; e[rga

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 7 page 6

Noun Rules 4-6 (#7.10)

Dative singular?
Iota subscripts (if possible)

Ablaut

Genitive & Dative?


Masculine = neuter

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 7 page 7

Noun Rule #6 (#7.10)

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 8 page 1

Chapter 8

A Preposition and its Object (#8.2)

Preposition

Object
The object follows its preposition.
The object governs the meaning of the preposition.

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 8 page 2

Movable Nu (#8.10)

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 8 page 3

Dependent Clauses (#8.11)

Subject
Main Verb

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 8 page 4

Prepositions

prov" ajpov
diav
ejn
eij" ejk
uJpov paravv

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 9 page 1

Chapter 9

Functions of an Adjective (#9.1)

ÒGoodÓ

Adjectivally Substantivally
(regular adjective) (noun)

ÒHe is a good boy.Ó ÒThe good, the


bad, and the ugly
are welcome
here.Ó

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 9 page 2

Types of Adjectives (#9.2)

ÒTallÓ

Attributive Predicate
(gives an attribute) (predicates)

ÒThe tall girl plays ÒThe girl is tall.Ó


basketball.Ó

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 9 page 3

Adjectival Use of the Adjective (#9.11-13)

Attributive: immediately preceded by the


article.
oJ ajgaqo;" a[nqrwpo" ÒThe good man.Ó
oJ ajgaqo;" oJ a[nqrwpo" ÒThe good man.Ó

Predicate: not preceded by the article.


oJ a[nqrwpo" ajgaqov" ÒThe man is good.Ó
ajgaqo;" oJ a[nqrwpo" ÒThe man is good.Ó

No article: see context


ajgaqo;" a[nqrwpo" ÒGood man.Ó
ÒMan is good.Ó
ajgaqo;" a[nqrwpo" ÒGood man.Ó
ÒMan is good.Ó

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 9 page 4

Adjective (#9.6)

2 1 2
masc fem neut

nom sg ajgaqov" ajgaqhv ajgaqovn


gen sg ajgaqou' ajgaqh'" ajgaqou'
dat sg ajgaqw/' ajgaqh/' ajgaqw/'
acc sg ajgaqovn ajgaqhvn ajgaqovn

nom pl ajgaqoiv ajgaqaiv ajgaqav


gen pl ajgaqw'n ajgaqw'n ajgaqw'n
dat pl ajgaqoi'" ajgaqai'" ajgaqoi'"
acc pl ajgaqouv" ajgaqav" ajgaqav

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 9 page 5

Adjective Positions (#9.11-13)

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 10 page 1

Chapter 10

A Walk Through (#10.7)

nom sg sark + " ≥ savrx


gen sg sark + o" ≥ sarkov"
dat sg sark + i ≥ sarki√
acc sg sark + a ≥ savrka

nom pl sark + e" ≥ savrke"


gen pl sark + wn ≥ sarkw'n
dat pl sark + si(n) ≥ sarxi√(n)
acc pl sark + a" ≥ savrka"

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 10 page 2

Master Case Ending Chart (#10.10)

1st/2nd declension 3rd declension


masc fem neut masc/ neut
fem

nom sg " - n " -


gen sg u " u o" o"
dat sg i i i i i
acc sg n n n a/n -

nom pl i i a e" a
gen pl wn wn wn wn wn
dat pl i" i" i" si(n) si(n)
acc pl u" " a a" a

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 10 page 3

Rule 7: Square of Stops (#10.13, 16)

Labial p b f
Velar k g c
Dental t d q

Labial + s ≥ y
Velar + s ≥ x
Dental + s ≥ s

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 10 page 4

Rule 8 (#10.18)

A tau cannot stand at the end of

a word and will drop off.

o[noma t

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 10 page 5

Please!

No More Quizzes!

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 11 page 1

Chapter 11

First and Second Person

Personal Pronouns (#11.6)

Þrst second translation

nom sg ejgwv suv I you

gen sg mou sou my your

dat sg moi soi to me to you

acc sg me se me you

nom pl hJmeiæ" uJmeiæ" we you

gen pl hJmw'n uJmw'n our your

dat pl hJmiæn uJmiæn us you

acc pl hJma'" uJma'" us you

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 12 page 1

Chapter 12

Third Person Personal Pronoun (#12.3)

2 1 2

masc fem neut translation

nom sg aujtov" aujthv aujtov he she it

gen sg aujtou' aujth'" aujtou' his her its

dat sg aujtw/' aujth/' aujtw/' to him to her to it

acc sg aujtovn aujthvn aujtov him her it

nom pl aujtoiv aujtaiv aujtav they

gen pl aujtw'n aujtw'n aujtw'n their

dat pl aujtoi'" aujtai'" aujtoi'" to them

acc pl aujtouv" aujtav" aujtav them

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 12 page 2

Three Uses of aujtov" (#12.12)

use comment translation

1. Pronoun Non-intensive. Òhe, she , itÓ


2. Adj. intensive Usually predicate position. Òhim/her/itselfÓ
Normally in the nominative.
3. Identical adj. Usually attributive position. ÒsameÓ

1. aujto;" levgei ...


2. to;n ∆Ihsou'n aujtovn
∆Ihsou'" aujtov" ....
3. oJ aujto;" ∆Ihsou'" ...

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 13 page 1

Chapter 13

ou|to" (#13.4)

masc fem neut

nom sg ou|to" au{th tou'to


gen sg touvtou tauvth" touvtou
dat sg touvtw/ tauvth/ touvtw/
acc sg tou'ton tauvthn tou'to

nom pl ou|toi au|tai tau'ta


gen pl touvtwn touvtwn touvtwn
dat pl touvtoi" tauvtai" touvtoi"
acc pl touvtou" tauvta" tau'ta

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 13 page 2

ek
j einæ o" (#13.5)

masc fem neut

nom sg ejkeiæno" ejkei√nh ejkeiæno


gen sg ejkei√nou ejkei√nh" ejkei√nou
dat sg ejkei√nw/ ejkei√nh/ ejkei√nw/
acc sg ejkeiænon ejkei√nhn ejkeiæno

nom pl ejkeiænoi ejkeiænai ejkeiæna


gen pl ejkei√nwn ejkei√nwn ejkei√nwn
dat pl ejkei√noi" ejkei√nai" ejkei√noi"
acc pl ejkei√nou" ejkei√na" ejkeiæna

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 14 page 1

Chapter 14

Relative Pronoun (#14.7)

2 1 2

masc fem neut translation

nom sg o{" h{ o{ who/which/that

gen sg ou| h|" ou| of whom/which

dat sg w/| h/| w/| to whom/which

acc sg o{n h{n o{ whom/which/that

nom pl oi{ ai{ a{ who/which/that

gen pl w|n w|n w|n of whom/which

dat pl oi|" ai|" oi|" to whom/which

acc pl ou{" a{" a{ whom/which/that

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 15 page 1

Chapter 15

Agreement (#15.3) Subject and verb must


ÒagreeÓ in person and
number.

Person (#15.4) First: ÒIÓ, ÒWeÓ


Second: ÒYouÓ
Third: ÒHe/She/It, They

Number (#15.5) Singular


Plural

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 15 page 2

Aspect (#15.6-7) Continuous


UndeÞned
Perfect
UndeÞned vs. Punctiliar

Tense (#15.11) Present


Future
Past

Time (#15.11)

Voice (#15.12) Active


Middle
Passive

Mood (#15.13) Indicative

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 15 page 3

Parts of the Verb (#15.16-18)

luv o men

Stem (#15.16)

Connecting vowel (#15.17)

Personal ending (#15.18)


© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 16 page 1

Chapter 16

Present Active Indicative (#16.3,10)

Present Tense Stem +

Connecting Vowel +

Primary Active Personal Endings

lu + o + men ≥ luvomen

form translation c.v. p.e.


1 sg luv w I am loosing o -
2 sg luv ei" You are loosing e "
3 sg luv ei He/she/it is loosing e i

1 pl luv omen We are loosing o men


2 pl luv ete You are loosing e te
3 pl luv ousi(n) They are loosing o nsi

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 16 page 2

First of Four Endings (#16.12)

primary tenses secondary tenses

luvw (-)
luvei" (")
active voice

luvei (i)

luvomen (men)
luvete (te)
luvousi(n) (nsi)
middle/passive voice

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 16 page 3

Master Verb Chart

Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st sing


Redup stem form. vowel endings paradigm

Present act pres o/e prim act luvw

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 16 page 4

Do You Feel Like You Are Sinking?

DANGER!
Greek Quicksand

Hang In There!

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 17 page 1

Chapter 17

Five Rules of Contraction (#17.4)

1. ou is formed by eo, oe, and oo.

2. ei is formed by ee.

3. w is formed from almost any


combination of omicron or
omega with any other vowel,
except for rule #1.

4. a is formed from ae

5. h is formed from ea.

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 17 page 2

Alternate Rules of Contraction (#17.8)

1. Two like vowels form their common long


vowel.

2. Exception: When e and e contract they


form ei, and when o and o contract they
form ou.

3. An o or w will overcome an a, e, or h
regardless of their order, and form w.

4. Exception: When an e and o contract


they form ou, regardless of their order.

5. If an a comes before an e or an h, they


will contract to an a.

If an e or an h comes before an a, they


will contract to an h.

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 17 page 3

Contractions (#17.10-11)

a e h i u o w

a a a a ai au w w

e h ei h ei eu ou w

o w ou w oi ou ou w

ai/a
a/ ei ei h/ oi ou w/

a a/ a/ a a/ w/ w w/

e h/ ei ei h/ oi ou w/

o w/ oi ou oi oi ou w

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 18 page 1

Chapter 18

Present Passive Indicative (#18.4)

Present Tense Stem +

Connecting Vowel +

Primary Passive Personal Endings

lu + o + mai ≥ luvomai

form translation c.v. p.e.

1 sg luv o mai I am being loosed o mai


2 sg luv h/ You are being loosed e sai
3 sg luv e tai He/she/it is being loosed e tai

1 pl lu ov meqa We are being loosed o meqa


2 pl luv e sqe You are being loosed e sqe
3 pl luv o ntai They are being loosed o ntai

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 18 page 2

Second of Four Endings (#18.6)

primary tenses secondary tenses

luvw (-)
luvei" (")
luvei (i)
active voice

luvomen (men)
luvete (te)
luvousi(n) (nsi)

luvomai (mai)
luvh/ (sai)
middle/passive voice

luvetai (tai)

luovmeqa (meqa)
luvesqe (sqe)
luvontai (ntai)

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 18 page 3

Present Middle Indicative (#18.10-11)

Present Tense Stem +

Connecting Vowel +

Primary Passive Personal Endings

erc + o + mai ≥ e[rcomai

form deÞnition c.v. p.e.


1 sg e[rc o mai I come o mai
2 sg e[rc h/ You come e sai
3 sg e[rc e tai He/she/it come e tai

1 pl ejrc ov meqa We come o meqa


2 pl e[rc e sqe You come e sqe
3 pl e[rc o ntai They come o ntai

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 18 page 4

Master Verb Chart

Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st sing


Redup stem form. vowel endings paradigm

Present act pres o/e prim act luvw

Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 19 page 1

Chapter 19

Future Active Indicative (#19.4,9)

Future Active Tense Stem +

Tense Formative (s) + Connecting Vowel +

Primary Active Personal Endings

lu + s + o + men ≥ luvsomen

form deÞnition c.v. p.e.


1 sg luv s w I will loose o -
2 sg luv s ei" You will loose e "
3 sg luv s ei He/she/it will loose e i

1 pl luv s omen We will loose o men


2 pl luv s ete You will loose e te
3 pl luv o usi(n) They will loose o nsi

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 19 page 2

Future Middle Indicative (#19.14,15)

Future Active Tense Stem +

Tense Formative (s) + Connecting Vowel +

Primary Passive Personal Endings

poreu + s + o + mai ≥ poreuvsomai

form translation c.v. p.e.


1 sg poreuv s o mai I will go o mai
2 sg poreuv s h/ You will go e sai
3 sg poreuv s e tai He/she/it will go e tai

1 pl poreu s ov meqa We will go o meqa


2 pl poreuv s e sqe You will go e sqe
3 pl poreuv s o ntai They will go o ntai

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 19 page 3

Master Verb Chart

Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st sing


Redup stem form. vowel endings paradigm

Present act pres o/e prim act luvw

Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai

Future act fut act s o/e prim act luvsw

Future mid fut act s o/e prim mid/pas ejleuvsomai

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 20 page 1

Chapter 20

Verbal Root and Stem (#20.2-3)

Verbal Root
Imperfect stem
Present stem

Perfect stem
Future stem

Aorist stem

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 20 page 2

Liquid Future Active (#20.16-17)

Future Active Tense Stem +

Tense Formative (es) + Connecting Vowel +

Primary Active Personal Endings

krin + es + o + men ≥ krinou'men

form translation
1 sg krinw' I will judge eso -
2 sg krineiæ" You will judge ese "
3 sg krineiæ He/she/it will judge ese i

1 pl krinou'men We will judge eso men


2 pl krineiæte You will judge ese te
3 pl krinou'si(n) They will judge eso nsi

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 20 page 3

Liquid Future Middle (#20.18-19)

Future Active Tense Stem +

Tense Formative (es) + Connecting Vowel +

Primary Passive Personal Endings

krin + es + o + meqa ≥ krinouvmeqa

form translation
1 sg krinou'mai I will judge eso mai
2 sg krinh'/ You will judge ese sai
3 sg krineiætai He/she/it will judge ese tai

1 pl krinouvmeqa We will judge eso meqa


2 pl krineiæsqe You will judge ese sqe
3 pl krinou'ntai They will judge eso ntai

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 20 page 4

Master Verb Chart

Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st sing


Redup stem form. vowel endings paradigm

Present act pres o/e prim act luvw

Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai

Future act fut act s o/e prim act luvsw

Liquid fut act fut act es o/e prim act krinw'

Future mid fut act s o/e prim mid/pas ejleuvsomai

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 21 page 1

Chapter 21

Imperfect Active (#21.6-7)

Augment + Present Active Tense Stem +

Connecting Vowel +

Secondary Active Personal Endings

ej + lu + o + men ≥ ejluvomen

form translation c.v. p.e.


1 sg e[ lu o n I was loosing o n
2 sg e[ lu e " You were loosing e "
3 sg e[ lu e(n) He/she/it was loosing e -(n)

1 pl ej luv o men We were loosing o men


2 pl ej luv e te You were loosing e te
3 pl e[ lu o n They were loosing o n

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 21 page 2

Imperfect Middle/Passive (#21.8-9)

Augment + Present Passive Tense Stem +

Connecting Vowel +

Secondary Passive Personal Endings

ej + lu + o + mhn ≥ ejluvomhn

form translation c.v. p.e.


1 sg ej lu ov mhn I was being loosing o mhn
2 sg ej luv o u You were loosing e so
3 sg ej luv e to He/she/it was loosing e to

1 pl ej lu ov meqa We were loosing o


meqa
2 pl ej luv e sqe You were loosing e sqe

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 21 page 3

Final Four Endings (#21.14)

primary tenses secondary tenses

luvw (-) e[luon (n)


luvei" (") e[lue" (")
active voice

luvei (i) e[lue(n) (-)

luvomen (men) ejluvomen (men)


luvete (te) ejluvete (te)
luvousi(n) (nsi) e[luon (n)

luvomai (mai) ejluvomhn (mhn)


luvh/ (sai) ejluvou (so)
middle/passive voice

luvetai (tai) ejluveto (to)

luovmeqa (meqa) ejluovmeqa (meqa)


luvesqe (sqe) ejluvesqe (sqe)
luvontai (ntai) ejluvonto (nto)

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 21 page 4

Master Verb Chart

Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st sing


Redup stem form. vowel endings paradigm

Present act pres o/e prim act luvw

Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai

Imperfect act e pres o/e sec act e[luon

Imperfect mid/pas e pres o/e sec mid/pas ejluovmhn

Future act fut act s o/e prim act luvsw

Liquid fut act fut act es o/e prim act krinw'

Future mid fut act s o/e prim mid/pas ejleuvsomai

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 22 page 1

Chapter 22

Second Aorist Active (#22.4)

Augment + Aorist Active Tense Stem +

Connecting Vowel +

Secondary Active Personal Endings

ej + lab + o + men ≥ ejlavbomen

form translation c.v. p.e.


1 sg e[ lab o n I took o n
2 sg e[ lab e " You took e "
3 sg e[ lab e(n) He/she/it took e -(n)

1 pl ej lavb o men We took o men


2 pl ej lavb e te You took e te
3 pl e[ lab o n They took o n

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 22 page 2

Second Aorist Middle (#22.13)

Augment + Aorist Active Tense Stem +

Connecting Vowel +

Secondary Passive Personal Endings

ej + gen + o + mhn ≥ ejgenovmhn

form translation c.v. p.e.


1 sg ej gen ov mhn I became o mhn
2 sg ej gevn o u You became e so
3 sg ej gevn e to He/she/it became e to

1 pl ej gen ov meqa We became o meqa


2 pl ej gevn e sqe You became e sqe
3 pl ej gevn o nto They became o nto

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 22 page 3

Master Verb Chart

Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st sing


Redup stem form. vowel endings paradigm

Present act pres o/e prim act luvw

Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai

Imperfect act e pres o/e sec act e[luon

Imperfect mid/pas e pres o/e sec mid/pas ejluovmhn

Future act fut act s o/e prim act luvsw

Liquid fut act fut act es o/e prim act krinw'

Future mid fut act s o/e prim mid/pas ejleuvsomai

2nd aorist act e aor act o/e sec act e[labon

2nd aorist mid e aor act o/e sec mid/pas ejgenovmhn

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 23 page 1

Chapter 23

First Aorist Active (#23.3)

Augment + Aorist Active Tense Stem +

Tense Formative (sa) +

Secondary Active Personal Endings

ej + lu + sa + men ≥ ejluvsamen

form translation t.f. p.e.


1 sg e[ lu sa I loosed sa -
2 sg e[ lu sa " You loosed sa "
3 sg e[ lu se(n) He/she/it loosed se -(n)

1 pl ej luv sa men We loosed sa men


2 pl ej luv sa te You loosed sa te
3 pl e[ lu sa n They loosed sa n

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 23 page 2

Liquid Aorists (#23.12-13)

Augment + Aorist Active Tense Stem +

Tense Formative (a) +

Secondary Active Personal Endings

ej + mein + a + men ≥ ejmei√namen

form translation t.f. p.e.


1 sg e[ mein a I remained a -
2 sg e[ mein a " You remained a "
3 sg e[ mein e (n) He/she/it remained e -(n)

1 pl ej mei√n a men We remained a men


2 pl ej mei√n a te You remained a te
3 pl e[ mein a n They remained a n

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 23 page 3

First Aorist Middle (#23.15-16)

Augment + Aorist Active Tense Stem +

Tense Formative (sa) +

Secondary Passive Personal Endings

ej + lu + sa + mhn ≥ ejlusavmhn

form translation t.f. p.e.


1 sg ej lu sav mhn I loosed sa mhn
2 sg ej luv s w You loosed sa so
3 sg ej luv sa to He/she/it loosed sa to

1 pl ej lu sav meqa We loosed sa meqa


2 pl ej luv sa sqe You loosed sa sqe
3 pl ej luv sa nto They loosed sa nto

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 23 page 4

Master Verb Chart

Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st sing


Redup stem form. vowel endings paradigm

Present act pres o/e prim act luvw

Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai

Imperfect act e pres o/e sec act e[luon

Imperfect mid/pas e pres o/e sec mid/pas ejluovmhn

Future act fut act s o/e prim act luvsw

Liquid fut act fut act es o/e prim act krinw'

Future mid fut act s o/e prim mid/pas ejleuvsomai

1st aorist act e aor act sa sec act e[lusa

Liquid aorist act e aor act a sec act e[meina

2nd aorist act e aor act o/e sec act e[labon

1st aorist mid e aor act sa sec mid/pas ejluvsamhn

2nd aorist mid e aor act o/e sec mid/pas ejgenovmhn

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 24 page 1

Chapter 24

First Aorist Passive (#24.3)

Augment + Aorist Passive Tense Stem +

Tense Formative (qh) +

Secondary Active Personal Endings

ej + lu + qh + n ≥ ejluvqhn

form translation t.f. p.e.

1 sg ej luv qh n I was loosed qh n


2 sg ej luv qh " You were loosed qh "
3 sg ej luv qh He/she/it was loosed qh -

1 pl ej luv qh men We were loosed qh men


2 pl ej luv qh te You were loosed qh te
3 pl ej lu qh san They were loosed qh san

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 24 page 2

Second Aorist Passive (#24.10)

Augment + Aorist Passive Tense Stem +

Tense Formative (h) +

Secondary Active Personal Endings

ej + graf + h + men ≥ ejgravfhmen

form translation t.f. p.e.


1 sg ej gravf h n I was written h mhn
2 sg ej gravf h " You were written h so
3 sg ej gravf h He/she/it was writtenh to

1 pl ej gravf h men We were written h meqa


2 pl ej gravf h te You were written h sqe
3 pl ej gravf h san They were written h nto

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 24 page 3

First Future Passive (#24.12)

Aorist Passive Tense Stem (without augment) +

Tense Formative (qhs) + Connecting Vowel +

Primary Passive Personal Endings

lu + qhs + o + mai ≥ luqhvsomai

form translation t.f.+c.v. p.e.

1 sg lu qhvs o mai I will be loosed qhso mai


2 sg lu qhvs h/ You will be loosed qhse sai
3 sg lu qhvs e tai He/she/it will be loosed qhse tai

1 pl lu qhs ov meqaWe will be loosed qhso meqa


2 pl lu qhvs esqe You will be loosed qhse sqe
3 pl lu qhvs o ntai They will be loosed qhso ntai

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 24 page 4

Second Future Passive (#24.15)

Aorist Passive Tense Stem (without augment) +

Tense Formative (hs) + Connecting Vowel +

Primary Passive Personal Endings

ajpostal + hs + o + mai ≥ ajpostalhvsomai

form translation p.e.

1 sg ajpostal hvs o mai I will be sent mai


2 sg ajpostal hvs h/ You will be sent sai
3 sg ajpostal hvs e tai He/she/it will be sent tai

1 pl ajpostal hs ov meqa We were written meqa


2 pl ajpostal hvs e sqe You were written sqe
3 pl ajpostal hvs o ntai They were written ntai

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 24 page 5

Master Verb Chart

Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st sing


Redup stem form. vowel endings paradigm

Present act pres o/e prim act luvw

Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai

Imperfect act e pres o/e sec act e[luon

Imperfect mid/pas e pres o/e sec mid/pas ejluovmhn

Future act fut act s o/e prim act luvsw

Liquid fut act fut act es o/e prim act krinw'

Future mid fut act s o/e prim mid/pas ejleuvsomai

1st future pas aor pas qhs o/e prim mid/pas luqhvsomai

2nd future pas aor pas hs o/e prim mid/pas ajpostalhvsomai

1st aorist act e aor act sa sec act e[lusa

Liquid aorist act e aor act a sec act e[meina

2nd aorist act e aor act o/e sec act e[labon

1st aorist mid e aor act sa sec mid/pas ejluvsamhn

2nd aorist mid e aor act o/e sec mid/pas ejgenovmhn

1st aorist pas e aor pas qh sec act ejluvqhn

2nd aorist pas e aor pas h sec act ejgravfhn

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 25 page 1

Chapter 25

Perfect Active (#25.4)

Reduplication + Perfect Active Tense Stem +

Tense Formative (ka) +

Primary Active Personal Endings

l + e + lu + ka + men ≥ leluvkamen

form translation t.f. p.e.

1 sg lev lu ka I have loosed ka -


2 sg lev lu ka " You have loosed ka "
3 sg lev lu ke (n) He/she/it have loosed ke -(n)

1 pl le luv ka men We have loosed ka men


2 pl le luv ka te You have loosed ka te
3 pl le luv ka si(n) They have loosed ka si(n)

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 25 page 2

Perfect (Middle/Passive) (#25.5)

Reduplication +

Perfect Middle/Passive Tense Stem +

Primary Passive Personal Endings

l + e + lu + mai ≥ levlumai

form translation p.e.

1 sg lev lu mai I have been loosed mai


2 sg lev lu sai You have been loosed sai
3 sg lev lu tai He/she/it have been loosed tai

1 pl le luv meqa We have been loosed meqa


2 pl lev lu sqe You have been loosed sqe
3 pl lev lu ntai They have been loosed ntai

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 25 page 3

Reduplication of Stops (#25.6)

p b f ≥ pe
k g c ≥ ke
t d q ≥ te

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 25 page 4

Master Verb Chart (#25.19)

Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st sing


Redup stem form. vowel endings paradigm

Present act pres o/e prim act luvw

Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai

Imperfect act e pres o/e sec act e[luon

Imperfect mid/pas e pres o/e sec mid/pas ejluovmhn

Future act fut act s o/e prim act luvsw

Liquid fut act fut act es o/e prim act krinw'

Future mid fut act s o/e prim mid/pas ejleuvsomai

1st future pas aor pas qhs o/e prim mid/pas luqhvsomai

2nd future pas aor pas hs o/e prim mid/pas ajpostalhvsomai

1st aorist act e aor act sa sec act e[lusa

Liquid aorist act e aor act a sec act e[meina

2nd aorist act e aor act o/e sec act e[labon

1st aorist mid e aor act sa sec mid/pas ejluvsamhn

2nd aorist mid e aor act o/e sec mid/pas ejgenovmhn

1st aorist pas e aor pas qh sec act ejluvqhn

2nd aorist pas e aor pas h sec act ejgravfhn

1st perfect act le perf act ka prim act levluka

2nd perfect act le perf act a prim act gevgona

Perfect mid/pas le perf pas prim mid/pas levlumai

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 26 page 1

Chapter 26

Participles

Verbal Adjective

Tense: present; aorist; perfect


Voice: active; middle; passive
Verbal modifiers

Case: nom; gen; dat; acc


Number: singular; plural
Gender: masc; fem; neut

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 26 page 2

Your Guess

luouvsh/
lusavntwn

lelukovto"

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 27 page 1

Chapter 27

Summary of Participles (#27.1,3)

Guidelines for Present Adverbial


1. Present tense verbal stem
2. Continuous action
3. Related to verb (ÒwhileÓ + ÒingÓ)

Present Tense Stem + Connecting Vowel +

Participle Morpheme + Case Endings

pisteu + o + nt + e" ≥ pisteuvonte"

masc fem neut

act nt ousa nt
mid/pas meno menh meno

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 27 page 2

Present (Continuous) Active (#27.5)

Present Tense Stem + Connecting Vowel +

Active Participle Morpheme + Case Endings

lu + o + meno + " ≥ luovmeno"

3 1 3
masc fem neut
nom sg luvwn luvousa lu'on
gen sg luvonto" luouvsh" luvonto"
dat sg luvonti luouvsh/ luvonti
acc sg luvonta luvousan lu'on

nom pl luvonte" luvousai luvonta


gen pl luovntwn luousw'n luovntwn
dat pl luvousi(n) luouvsai" luvousi(n)
acc pl luvonta" luouvsa" luvonta

masc fem neut

act nt ousa nt
mid/pas meno menh meno

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 27 page 3

Present (Continuous) Mid/Pas (#27.7)

Present Tense Stem + Connecting Vowel +

Participle Morpheme + Case Endings

pisteu + o + nt + e" ≥ pisteuvonte"

2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg luovmeno" luomevnh luovmenon
gen sg luomevnou luomevnh" luomevnou
dat sg luomevnw/ luomevnh/ luomevnw/
acc sg luovmenon luomevnhn luovmenon

nom pl luovmenoi luovmenai luovmena


gen pl luomevnwn luomevnwn luomevnwn
dat pl luomevnoi" luomevnai" luomevnoi"
acc pl luomevnou" luomevna" luovmena

masc fem neut

act nt ousa nt
mid/pas meno menh meno

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 27 page 4

Forms You Should Know

Participle Morphemes
nt (active)
meno/h (middle/passive)

Present active: ont, ousa wn ousa on


onto" oush" onto"
Present middle/passive: omeno/h omeno" omenh omenon
omenou omenh" omenou

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 28 page 1

Chapter 28

First Aorist (UndeÞned) Active (#28.7-8)


Unaugmented Aorist Active Tense Stem +

Tense Formative (sa) +

Participle Morpheme + Case Endings

lu + sa + nt + o" ≥ luvsanto"

3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg luvsa" luvsasa lu'san
gen sg luvsanto" lusavsh" luvsanto"
dat sg luvsanti lusavsh/ luvsanti
acc sg luvsanta luvsasan lu'san

nom pl luvsante" luvsasai luvsanta


gen pl lusavntwn lusasw'n lusavntwn
dat pl luvsasi(n) lusavsai" luvsasi(n)
acc pl luvsanta" lusavsa" luvsanta

masc fem neut

nom sg sa" sasa san


gen sg santo" sash" santo"

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 28 page 2

First Aorist (UndeÞned) Middle (#28.9)

Unaugmented Aorist Middle Tense Stem +

Tense Formative (sa) +

Participle Morpheme + Case Endings

lu + sa + meno + " ≥ lusavmeno"

2 1 2
masc fem neuter
nom sg lusavmeno" lusamevnh lusavmenon
gen sg lusamevnou lusamevnh" lusamevnou
dat sg lusamevnw/ lusamevnh/ lusamevnw/
acc sg lusavmenon lusamevnhn lusavmenon

nom pl lusavmenoi lusavmenai lusavmena


gen pl lusamevnwn lusamevnwn lusamevnwn
dat pl lusamevnoi" lusamevnai" lusamevnoi"
acc pl lusamevnou" lusamevna" lusavmena

masc fem neut

nom sg sameno" samenh samenon


gen sg samenou samenh" samenou

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 28 page 3

First Aorist (UndeÞned) Passive (#28.10)

Unaugmented Aorist Passive Tense Stem +

Tense Formative (qh) +

Participle Morpheme + Case Endings

lu + qe + nt + o" ≥ luqevnto"

3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg luqei√" luqei'sa luqevn
gen sg luqevnto" luqei√sh" luqevnto"
dat sg luqevnti luqei√sh/ luqevnti
acc sg luqevnta luqei'san luqevn

nom pl luqevnte" luqei'sai luqevnta


gen pl luqevntwn luqeisw'n luqevntwn
dat pl luqei'si(n) luqei√sai" luqei'si(n)
acc pl luqevnta" luqei√sa" luqevnta

masc fem neut

nom sg qei" qeisa qen


gen sg qento" qeish" qento"

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 28 page 4

Second Aorist (UndeÞned) Active (#28.12)

Unaugmented Aorist Active Tense Stem +

Connecting Vowel +

Participle Morpheme + Case Endings

lip + o + nt + o" ≥ lipovnte"

3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg lipwvn lipou'sa lipovn
gen sg lipovnto" lipouvsh" lipovnto"
dat sg lipovnti lipouvsh/ lipovnti
acc sg lipovnta lipou'san lipovn

nom pl lipovnte" li√pou'sai lipovnta


gen pl lipovntwn lipousw'n lipovntwn
dat pl lipou'si(n) lipouvsai" lipou'si(n)
acc pl lipovntou" lipouvsa" lipovnta

masc fem neut

nom sg wn ousa on
gen sg onto" oush" onto"

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 28 page 5

Second Aorist (UndeÞned) Middle (#28.13)

Unaugmented Aorist Middle Tense Stem +

Connecting Vowel +

Participle Morpheme + Case Endings

lip + o + meno + " ≥ lipovmeno"

2 1 2
masc fem neuter
nom sg lipovmeno" lipomevnh lipovmenon
gen sg lipomevnou lipomevnh" lipomevnou
dat sg lipomevnw/ lipomevnh/ lipomevnw/
acc sg lipovmenon lipomevnhn lipovmenon

nom pl lipovmenoi lipovmenai lipovmena


gen pl lipomevnwn lipomevnwn lipomevnwn
dat pl lipomevnoi" lipomevnai"
lipomevnoi"

masc fem neut

nom sg omeno" omenh omenon


gen sg omenou omenh" omenou

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 28 page 6

Second Aorist (UndeÞned) Passive (#28.13)

Unaugmented Aorist Passive Tense Stem +

Connecting Vowel +

Participle Morpheme + Case Endings

graf + e + nt + e" ≥ grafevnte"

3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg grafei√" grafei'sa grafevn
gen sg grafevnto" grafei√sh" grafevnto"
dat sg grafevnti grafei√sh/ grafevnti
acc sg grafevnta grafei'san grafevn

nom pl grafevnte" grafei'sai grafevnta


gen pl grafevntwn grafeisw'n grafevntwn
dat pl grafei'si(n) grafei√sai" grafei'si(n)
acc pl grafevnta" grafei√sa" grafevnta

masc fem neut

nom sg ei" eisa en


gen sg ento" eish" ento"

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 28 page 7

Forms You Should Know

Participle Morphemes
nt (active)
meno/h (middle/passive)

Present active: ont, ousa wn ousa on


onto" oush" onto"
Present middle/passive: omeno/h omeno" omenh omenon
omenou omenh" omenou
First aorist active: sant, sasa sa" sasa san
santo" sash" santo"
First aorist middle: sameno/h sameno" samenh samenon
samenou samenh" samenou
First aorist passive: qent, qeisa qei" qeisa qen
qento" qeish" qento"
Second aorist active: ont, ousa wn ousa on
onto" oush" onto"
Second aorist middle: omeno/h omeno" omenh omenon
omenou omenh" omenou
Second aorist passive: eisa, ent ei" eisa en
ento" eish" ento"

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 30 page 1

Chapter 30

Perfect Active (#30.3)


Reduplication + Perfect Tense Stem +

Tense Formative (k) +

Participle Morpheme + Case Endings

le + lu + k + ot + e" ≥ lelukovte"

3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg lelukwv" lelukui'a lelukov"
gen sg lelukovto" lelukuiva" lelukovto"
dat sg lelukovti lelukuiva/ lelukovti
acc sg lelukovta lelukui'an lelukov"

nom pl lelukovte" lelukui'ai lelukovta


gen pl lelukovtwn lelukuiw'n lelukovtwn
dat pl lelukovsi(n) lelukuivai" lelukovsi(n)
acc pl lelukovta" lelukuiva" lelukovta

masc fem neut

nom sg kw" kuia ko"


gen sg koto" kuia" koto"

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 30 page 2

Perfect Middle/Passive (#30.4)

Reduplication + Perfect Tense Stem +

Participle Morpheme + Case Endings

le + lu + meno + " ≥ lelumevno"

3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg lelumevno" lelumevnh lelumevnon
gen sg lelumevnou lelumevnh" lelumevnou
dat sg lelumevnw/ lelumevnh/ lelumevnw/
acc sg lelumevnon lelumevnhn lelumevnon

nom pl lelumevnoi lelumevnai lelumevna


gen pl lelumevnwn lelumevnwn lelumevnwn
dat pl lelumevnoi" lelumevnai" lelumevnoi"
acc pl lelumevnou" lelumevna" lelumevna

masc fem neut

nom sg meno" menh menon


gen sg menou menh" menou

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 30 page 3

Forms You Should Know

Participle Morphemes
nt (active)
meno/h (middle/passive)
ot (perfect active)

Present active: ont, ousa wn ousa on


onto" oush" onto"
Present middle/passive: omeno/h omeno" omenh omenon
omenou omenh" omenou
First aorist active: sant, sasa sa" sasa san
santo" sash" santo"
First aorist middle: sameno/h sameno" samenh samenon
samenou samenh" samenou
First aorist passive: qent, qeisa qei" qeisa qen
qento" qeish" qento"
Second aorist active: ont, ousa wn ousa on
onto" oush" onto"
Second aorist middle: omeno/h omeno" omenh omenon
omenou omenh" omenou
Second aorist passive: eisa, ent ei" eisa en
ento" eish" ento"
First perfect active: kot, kuia kw" kuia ko"
koto" kuia" koto"
First perfect middle/passive: meno/h meno" menh menon
menou menh" menou

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 32 page 1

Chapter 32

InÞnitive (#32.4)

present 1st aorist 2nd aorist perfect

active ein sai ein nai


middle esqai sasqai esqai sqai
passive esqai qhnai hnai sqai

present 1st aorist 2nd aorist perfect

active luvein lu'sai lipei'n lelukevnai


middle luvesqai luvsasqai lipevsqai leluvsqai
passive luvesqai luqh'nai grafh'nai leluvsqai

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 32 page 2

Uses of the InÞnitive (#32.9-13)

1. Substantive
2. Complementary inÞnitive
3. Articular inÞntive with preposition
a. diav because
b. eij" in order that
c. ejn when/while
d. metav after
e. prov before
f. prov" in order that

4. Purpose
a. articular inÞnitive with eij" or prov"
b. articular inÞnitive with article in the genitive
c. inÞnitive

5. Result

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 33 page 1

Chapter 33

Imperative (#33.6)

active and aorist passive middle/passive

2 sg - n
3 sg tw sqw
2 pl te sqe
3 pl twsan sqwsan

present Þrst aorist translation

active

2 sg lu'e lu'son (You) Loose!


3 sg luevtw lusavtw Let him loose!
2 pl luvete luvsate (You) loose!
3 pl luevtwsan lusavtwsan Let them loose!

middle

2 sg luvou lu'sai (You) loose for yourself!


3 sg luevsqw lusavsqw Let him loose for himself!
2 pl luvesqe luvsasqe (You) loose!
3 pl luevsqwsan lusavsqwsan Let them loose!

passive

2 sg luvou luvqhti (You) be loosed!


3 sg luevsqw luqhvtw Let him be loosed!
2 pl luvesqe luvqhte (You) be loosed!
3 pl luevsqwsan luqhvtwsan Let them be loosed!

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 34 page 1

Chapter 34

Rule #1 (#34.6)

Rule One: mi verbs reduplicate


their initial stem letter to form the
present, and separate the
reduplicated consonant with an
iota.

dw
ddw i

did w
didw
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 34 page 2

Rule #2 (#34.7)

Rule Two: mi verbs do not


ordinarily use a connecting (i.e.,
ÒthematicÓ) vowel in the
indicative. The personal ending is
added directly to the stem.

di + *do + men
≥ di√dwmen

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 34 page 3

Rule #3 (#34.8)

Rule 3: mi verbs employ three


different personal endings in the
present active.

mi verbs thematic conjugation

1 sg di√dwmi mi luvw -
2 sg di√dw" " luvei" "
3 sg di√dwsi(n) si luvei i

1 pl di√domen men luvomen men


2 pl di√dote te luvete te
3 pl didovasi(n) asi luvousi(n) nsi

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 34 page 4

Rule #4 (#34.9)

Rule Four: the stem vowel of mi


verbs can lengthen, shorten, or
drop out (ablaut).

di√dwmi

di√domen

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 34 page 5

Rule #5 (#34.10)

Rule Five: Most of the mi verbs


use ka as their tense formative in
the aorist.

mi verbs thematic conjugation

1 sg e[dwka e[lusa
2 sg e[dwka" e[lusa"
3 sg e[dwke(n) e[luse(n)

1 pl ejdwvkamen ejluvsamen
2 pl ejdwvkate ejluvsate
3 pl e[dwkan e[lusan

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 34 page 6

did√ wmi in the Indicative (#34.11)

present imperfect future aorist perfect

1 sg di√dwmi ejdi√doun dwvsw e[dwka devdwka


2 sg di√dw" ejdi√dou" dwvsei" e[dwka" devdwka"
3 sg di√dwsi(n) ejdi√dou dwvsei e[dwke(n) devdwke(n)

1 pl di√domen ejdi√domen dwvsomen ejdwvkamen dedwvkamen


2 pl di√dote ejdi√dote dwvsete ejdwvkate dedwvkate
3 pl didovasi(n) ejdi√dosan dwvsousi(n) e[dwkan devdwkan

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 34 page 7

LetÕs Practive

1. dwvsete
2. ejdi√dou"
3. e[dwka
4. di√dwsin
5. devdwke

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce


Chapter 35 page 1

Chapter 35

Present Active Indicative (#35.2)

*sta *qe *do *deiknu


1 sg i{sthmi ti√qhmi di√dwmi dei√knumi
2 sg i{sth" ti√qh" di√dw" deiknuvei"
3 sg i{sthsi(n) ti√qhsi(n) di√dwsi(n) dei√knusi (n)

1 pl i{stamen ti√qemen di√domen dei√knumen


2 pl i{state ti√qete di√dote dei√knute
3 pl iJsta'si(n) tiqevasi(n) didovasi(n) deiknuvasi(n)

© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce

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