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Missouri
D
EPARTMENT OF
R
EVENUE
DOR-2332 (05-2009)
Motorcycle Operator Manual 
 
Operating a motorcycle safely intraffic requires special skills andknowledge. The Motorcycle SafetyFoundation (MSF) has made thismanual available to help novicemotorcyclists reduce their risk of having a crash. The manual conveysessential safe-riding information andhas been designed for use in licensing programs. While designed for thenovice, all motorcyclists can benefitfrom the information this manualcontains.The original “MotorcycleOperator Manual” was developed bythe National Public ServicesResearch Institute (NPSRI) under contract to the National HighwayTraffic Safety Administration(NHTSA) and within the terms of acooperative agreement between NHTSA and the MSF. The manualand related tests were used in a multi-year study of improved motorcycleoperator licensing procedures,conducted by the CaliforniaDepartment of Motor Vehicles under contract to NHTSA.The purpose of this manual is toeducate the reader to help avoidcrashes while safely operating amotorcycle. For this edition, the MSFhas updated and expanded the contentof the original manual.
Theserevisions reflect:• The latest finding of motorcycle-safety research.
• Comments and guidance provided by the motorcycling, licensing, andtraffic-safety communities.
• Expanded alcohol and druginformation.
In promoting improved licensing programs, the MSF works closelywith state licensing agencies. TheFoundation has helped more than half the states in the nation adopt the“Motorcycle Operator Manual” for use in their licensing systems.Improved licensing, along withhigh quality motorcycle rider education and increased publicawareness, has the potential to reducecrashes. Staff at the Foundation areavailable to assist state, private andgovernmental agencies in efforts toimprove motorcycle safety.
Tim Buche
 President  Motorcycle Safety Foundation
2
PREFACE
 
PREPARING TO RIDEW
EAR THE
R 
IGHT
G
EAR 
. . . . . . . . . . .4Helmet Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Helmet Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Eye and Face Protection . . . . . . . . . . .5Clothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
K 
NOW
Y
OUR 
M
OTORCYCLE
. . . . . . . . .6
The Right Motorcycle For You . . . . .6Borrowing and Lending . . . . . . . . . . .7Get Familiar With the MotorcycleControls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Check Your Motorcycle . . . . . . . . . . .8
K 
NOW
Y
OUR 
R 
ESPONSIBILITIES
. . . . . .9RIDE WITHINYOUR ABILITIESB
ASIC
V
EHICLE
C
ONTROL
. . . . . . . . .10
Body Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Shifting Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Braking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Turning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
K 
EEPING
Y
OUR 
D
ISTANCE
. . . . . . . . .12
Lane Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Following Another Vehicle . . . . . . . .13Being Followed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14Passing and Being Passed . . . . . . . .14Lane Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Merging Cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Cars Alongside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
SEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17I
NTERSECTIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Blind Intersections . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19Passing Parked Cars . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Parking at the Roadside . . . . . . . . . .20
I
NCREASING
C
ONSPICUITY
. . . . . . . . .21
Clothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Headlight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Brake Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Using Your Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Head Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23Horn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23Riding at Night . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
C
RASH
A
VOIDANCE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Quick Stops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24Swerving or Turning Quickly . . . . . .25Cornering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
H
ANDLING
D
ANGEROUS
S
URFACES
. . .27
Uneven Surfaces and Obstacles . . . .27Slippery Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Railroad Tracks, Trolley Tracks,and Pavement Seams . . . . . . . . . . .29Grooves and Gratings . . . . . . . . . . .29
M
ECHANICAL
P
ROBLEMS
. . . . . . . . . .30
Tire Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Stuck Throttle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Wobble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Chain Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31Engine Seizure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
A
NIMALS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31F
LYING
O
BJECTS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32G
ETTING
O
FF
T
HE
R 
OAD
. . . . . . . . . .32C
ARRYING
P
ASSENGERSAND
C
ARGO
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32Instructing Passengers . . . . . . . . . . .33Riding With Passengers . . . . . . . . . .33Carrying Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
G
ROUP
R 
IDING
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Keep the Group Small . . . . . . . . . . .34Keep the Group Together . . . . . . . . .34Keep Your Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
BEING IN SHAPETO RIDEW
HY
T
HIS
I
NFORMATION IS
I
MPORTANT
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36A
LCOHOL AND
O
THER 
D
RUGS IN
M
OTORCYCLE
O
PERATION
. . . . . . . . .36A
LCOHOL IN THE
B
ODY
. . . . . . . . . . .37
Blood AlcoholConcentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
A
LCOHOL AND THE
L
AW
. . . . . . . . . . .38
Consequences of Conviction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
M
INIMIZE THE
R 
ISKS
. . . . . . . . . . . . .38S
TEP IN TO
P
ROTECT
F
RIENDS
. . . . . .39F
ATIGUE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39EARNINGYOUR LICENSE
Knowledge Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41On-Motorcycle Skill Test . . . . . . . . .42
CONTENTS
3
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