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NETRALISASI
[TITRASI ASAM – BASA]
[H3O+][In-] [HIn]
Ka = ---------------- pH = pKa - log -------
[HIn] [In-]
Warna kuning :
pHkuning = pKa + log 10/1 = 5 +1 = 6
Warna merah :
pHmerah = pKa + log 1/10 = 5 -1 = 4
_____________________________
ΔpH = pHkuning – pHmerah = 2
pH range = 4 - 6
FENOLFTALEIN
H2In HIn-
In-2
The first useful theory of indicator action was suggested
by W
W. 0stwald based upon the concept that indicators in
general use are very weak organic acids or bases.
H2In+ HIn
(merah) (kuning)
In-
(merah)
JINGGA METIL
( HELIANTIN )
In-
(merah)
In
(kuning)
HIn-
( i k)
(pink)
Daftar Indikator Asam-Basa
NAMA pH range pKa Warna Tipe (sifat)
(μ = 0
0,1
1 M)
Biru timol 1,2-2,8 1,65 Merah-Kuning asam
8,0-9,6 8,90 Kuning-Biru
Kuning metil 2,9-4,0 Merah-Kuning basa
Jingga metil 3,1-4,4 3,46* Merah-Jingga basa
Hijau bromkresol 3854
3,8-5,4 4 66
4,66 Kuning Biru
Kuning-Biru asam
Merah metil 4,2-6,3 5,00* Merah-Kuning basa
Ungu bromkresol 5,2-6,8
5,2 6,8 6,12 Kuning-Ungu
Kuning Ungu asam
Biru bromtimol 6,2-7,6 7,10 Kuning-Biru asam
Merah fenol 6,8-8,4 7,81 Kuning-Merah asam
Ungu kresol 7,6-9,2 Kuning-Ungu asam
Fenolftalein 8,3-10,0 t.b. - Merah asam
Timolftalein 9 3 10 5
9,3-10,5 t b - Biru
t.b. Bir asam
Kuning alizarin 10,0-12,0 Kuning-Ungu basa
Indikator Campur
p
Jika perubahan warna pada TAT tidak tajam, dapat digunakan campuran dua
indikator atau gunakan campuran indikator + zat warna background, sehingga
menghasilkan perubahan warna yang tajam pada pH tertentu
INDIKATOR WARNA
Jingga metil 1 gram Ungu – Abuabu – Hijau
Indigo karmin 2,5 gram (asam) pH=4 (basa)
dilar tkan dalam 1 liter air
dilarutkan
Hijau bromkresol 0,1 % 3 bagian Merah – Hijau
Merah metil 0,1 % 2 bagian (asam) pH=5,1 (basa)
Fenolftalein 0,1 % 1 bagian Hijau – Biru pucat – Ungu
Hijau metilen 0,1 % 2 bagian (asam) pH=8,8 (basa,pH>9)
Merah kresol 0,1
01% 1 bagian Kuning – Pink – Ungu
Biru timol 0,1 % 3 bagian (asam) pH=8,2 (basa,pH>8,4)
Merah kresol 0,1 % 16 ml Hijau – Abu hijau – Ungu hijau – Ungu
Merah metil 0
0,1
1% 20 ml pH=8 85 pH=8,35
pH=8,85 pH=8 35 pH=8
pH=8,6
6 pH=8
pH=8,8
8
Biru metilen 0,2 % 4 ml
Titrasi Karbonat
CO32- + H3O+ HCO3- + H2O pKa2 = 6,34
6 34
HCO3- + H3O+ H2CO3 + H2O pKa1 = 10,36
Fenolftalein
pH
Jingga metil
ml HCl
Titrasi campuran Karbonat + Bikarbonat
Pada TE-1 (fenolftalein) netralisasi NaOH sempurna, Na2CO3
ternetralkan sdgkan HCO3- belum bereaksi
sudah separuh ternetralkan, bereaksi.
pH V1
HCO3- + H3O+ H2CO3 + H2O
V2
50 100 ml HCl
Titrasi Campuran Dua Asam
Seperti asam diprotik jika [HX]awal = [HY]awal
Jika HX dg Ka1 sbg asam kuat dan HY dg Ka2 sbg asam
lemah, maka tirasi akan layak jika pKa1 – pKa2 > 4 unit
Jika konsentrasi awal tdk sama maka pada TE-1 TE 1 dihitung :
1) Charge balance [Na+] + [H3O+] = [OH-] + [X-] + [Y-]
2)) [[Na+] = konsentrasi formal asam = [HX]
[ ] + [X[ -]
3) 1)+2) : [H3O+] = [OH-] + [Y-] – [HX]
4) Substitusikan [OH-], [Y-] dan [HX] dari Kw, Ka1, Ka2 :
[H3O+] = Kw/[H3O+] + Ka2[HY]/[H3O+] - [H3O+][X-]/Ka1
5) [H3O+] = {Ka1 Kw + Ka1 Ka2 [HY]}/Ka1+[X-]
6) Jika Ka2[HY] >>>Kw dan [X-] >>Ka1 maka
[H3O+] = Ka1Ka2[HY]/[X-]
7) pH H = ½ ((pKa
K 1 + pKa l [HY]/[X-]
K 2) – ½ log
Titrasi Campuran HCl + HAc
HCl akan tertitrasi dahulu, pH tidak terpengaruh H3O+ dari HAc
[[Prinsip
p Le Chatelier : p proton berlebih akan menekan disosiasi
asam lemah]. Asumsi ini kurang valid pada titik menjelang TE
karena konsentrasi proton yang berlebih semakin meningkat.
Pada TE-1 HCl habis dan pH ditentukan oleh disosiasi HAc.
Setelah TE-1 terjadi titrasi HAc.
Pada kurva berikut dapat dilihat TE-1 yang tdk jelas karena
ΔpH/ΔV tdk cukup besar. Sedangkan pH larutan HAc 0,067 M
sekitar 3. Karena < pH 4 titrasi tidak layak (dg indikator).
Selanjutnya merupakan reaksi asam lemah dg basa kuat,
sebagai
b i tit
titrasii yg llayak.
k
Contoh : Titrasi 50 ml campuran HCl 0,10 M dan HAc 0,10 M
dengan larutan NaOH 0 0,10
10 M
M.
Kurva Titrasi Campuran Asam
pH
ml NaOH
KESALAHAN TITRASI
Titrasi layak (feasible) jika pd TE terjadi
reaksi sempurna, shg garis vertikal kurva
l bih ttajam.
lebih j
Pd TE
TE-11 : pH = ½ (pKa1 + pKa2) = 4,66
4 66
Indikator hijau bromkresol atau kuning metil. TAT dpt dideteksi
menggunakan NaH2PO4 murni sbg pembanding (kontrol)
H2CO3 + NaHCO
N HCO3
pH NaHCO3 + Na2CO3
ml NaOH
50 100
0,1 N
Choice of indicator
Strong
g acid and strong
g base.
For 0.1 M or more concentrated solutions,
any indicator may be used which has a range
between the limits pH 4 4.5
5 and pH 99.5.
5 With
0.01 M solutions, the pH range is somewhat
smaller (5.5-8.5). If carbon dioxide is present,
either the solution should be boiled while still
acid and the solution titrated when cold, or an
indicator with a range below pH 5 should be
employed.
employed
Weak acid and a strong
g base.
The pH at the equivalence point is
calculated from the equation:
pH = ½ pKw + ½ pKa – ½ pC
The pH range for acids with Ka > 10-5 is
7-10
7 5; for weaker acids (Ka >10-6) the
10.5;
range is reduced (8-10). The pH range 8-
10.5 will cover most of the examples
likely to be encountered; this permits the
use of thymol blue, thymolphthalein,
or phenolphthalein.
h l hth l i
Weak base and strong
g acid.
The pH at the equivalence point is
computed from the equation:
pH = ½ pKw – ½ pKb + ½ pC
The pH range for bases with Kb > 10-5 is
7, and for weaker bases (Kb > 10-6)
3-7
3
3-5. Suitable indicators will be methyl
red, methyl orange, methyl yellow,
bromocresol green, and bromophenol
blue.
Weak acid and weak base.
There is no sharp rise in the neutralisation
curve and,
and generally
generally, no simple indicator can
be used. The titration should therefore be
avoided if possible
avoided, possible. The approximate pH at
the equivalence point can be computed from
the
h equationi :
pH = ½ pKw + ½ pKa – ½ pKb
It is sometimes possible to employ a mixed
indicator which exhibits a colour change over
a very limited pH range, for example, neutral
red methylene blue for dilute ammonia
red-methylene
solution and acetic (ethanoic) acid.
Polyprotic
yp acids (or
( mixtures of acids,,
with dissociation constants K1, K2, and
K3) and strong bases.
In some instances
instances, spectrophotometric titration may be feasible.
feasible