Professional Documents
Culture Documents
At
Raja Bhoj International Airport
(ISO 9001:2000 Certified)
Bhopal - 462030
Submitted by:
Kamlesh Gupta
B.Tech (Civil), VI SEM
Sch.No. - 081111068
i
Abstract
The training period started from 6th December, 2010 and finished on 22nd
December, 2010. In these days, we were briefed about the ongoing construction process
at Raja Bhoj International Airport, Bhopal. Our training was essentially divided into two
phases (i) Building (NITB) supervised by Mr. Shahabuddin and (ii) Apron supervised by
Mr. Pankaj Sharma. The training encompassed a variety of learning processes and thus
covered the following Civil Engineering disciplines:-
o Survey
o Geotechnical Engineering
o Transportation Engineering
o Structural Analysis
o Building Materials
o Concrete Technology
o Structural Design & Drawing
o Quantitative Surveying & Costing
o Construction Planning and Project Management
We got the opportunity to work and perform tests in the engineering labs, both
of the Apron and the NITB. One of the most knowledge-enhancing experiences was
witnessing the functioning of the ‘BATCH MIX PLANT’. The period of our training was
during such a time when the project is drawing to its close, yet we were fortunate to
observe some essential concrete work, glass and glazing work, brick-laying and
electrical fittings in the Apron and the NITB.
With the Apron fully constructed and only the final finishing processes in the
NITB, the AAI proposes to render it to public use within three months. It was an
enlightening experience in undergoing training at a project of national stature and great
public significance.
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Contents
Chapter Topics Page No.
Acknowledgement i
Abstract ii
Contents iii
1. Introduction of AAI 1
2. Introduction of working site 2
3. Details of Project 4
3.1. NITB
3.2. Apron with Link Taxiway
4. Stages of Execution of Work 16
5. Testing of Materials 18
5.1. For Building
5.1.1. Cement
5.1.1.1. Determination of compressive strength of cement
5.1.1.2. Determination of fineness by wet sieving
5.1.1.3. Determination of initial and final setting times of cement
5.1.1.4. Determination of consistency of cement paste
5.1.1.5. Method of casting of cement cubes
5.1.2. Concrete
5.1.2.1. Method of casting of concrete cubes
5.1.2.2. Determination of compressive strength of concrete cubes
5.1.2.3. Determination of workability by Compaction Factor Test
5.1.2.4. Determination of workability by Slump Cone Test
5.1.2.5. Determination of Flexural Strength
5.2. For Apron
5.2.1. Sub grade
5.2.1.1. Grain Size analysis
5.2.1.2. Consistency Limits and indices
5.2.1.3. Compaction Test
5.2.1.4. Shear test on soil
5.2.1.5. California bearing ratio test
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5.2.2. Aggregates
5.2.2.1. Aggregate Impact Test
5.2.2.2. Los Angeles abrasion test
5.2.2.3. Aggregate Crushing Value test
5.2.2.4. Specific Gravity and Water Absorption tests
5.2.2.5. Soundness Test
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1. Introduction of AAI
Organisation:
Airports Authority of India (AAI) was constituted by an Act of Parliament and
came into being on 1st April 1995 by merging erstwhile National Airports Authority and
International Airports Authority of India. The merger brought into existence a single
Organization entrusted with the responsibility of creating, upgrading, maintaining and
managing civil aviation infrastructure both on the ground and air space in the country.
AAI manages 125 airports, which include 11 International Airport, 08 Customs
Airports, 81 Domestic Airports and 27 Civil Enclaves at Defence airfields. AAI provides
air navigation services over 2.8 million square nautical miles of air space. During the
year 2008- 09, AAI handled aircraft movement of 1306532 Nos. (International 270345
& Domestic 1036187)
Mission:
“To achieve the highest standard of safety and quality in air traffic services and
airport management by providing state-of-the-art of the infrastructure for total
customer satisfactions, contributing to economic growth and prosperity of the nation.”
The Functions of AAI -
• Design, Development, Operation and Maintenance of international and domestic
airports and civil enclaves.
• Control and Management of the Indian airspace extending beyond the territorial
limits of the country, as accepted by ICAO.
• Construction, Modification and Management of passenger terminals.
• Development and Management of cargo terminals at international and domestic
airports.
• Provision of passenger facilities and information system at the passenger
terminals at airports.
• Expansion and strengthening of operation area, viz. Runways, Aprons, Taxiway
etc.
• Provision of visual aids.
• Provision of Communication and Navigation aids, viz. ILS, DVOR, DME, Radar etc.
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2. Introduction of Work Site
Name of the Airport : Raja Bhoj Airport
The site of the new international airport terminus building is situated along the
side of NH-12 at Gandhi Nagar, Bhopal.The new terminus is situated at a distance of 15
kms from Bhopal Junction Station, 20 kms from Habibganj Station.
The Raja Bhoj International Airport is a fantabulous project done by Airport
Authority of India. The airport facilitates a capacity of 500 domestic passengers and 200
international passengers. More importantly a completely new runway 9000 ft in length
has been constructed which can support big aircrafts like B-767, B-400, and AB-310.
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The most incredible feature of Raja Bhoj International Airport is the NITB (New
Integrated Terminus Building). NITB is a magnificent combination of advanced
technology and majestic visual aspect. NITB possess all the luxury facilities ranging
from voluptuous lounges to delightful restaurant, considering all the safety measures
and possess an aesthetic pleasing look. There are Aerobridges to enhance the beauty of
the structure.
Raja Bhoj International Airport possess following additional features as followed:-
Increased Peak hour passenger handling capacity from 250 to 700.
500 Domestic passengers.
200 International passengers.
Increased Car parking capacity from 200 to 600
Fully Air Conditioned building with State of Art passenger amenities:
Aero Bridges
Escalators Elevator
Restaurant.
Shopping Area, ATM, Post Office etc.
3
3. Details of Project
4
3.1 New International Terminal Building (NITB)
5
3.1.1 Salient Features Of NITB:-
(i) Glass used on the apron side of the building is the SOUND PROOF TOUGHEN
GLASS. It is 32 mm in thickness comprising of two glasses of 12 mm thickness
and a vacuum in between the two glasses and its dimensions are 1660*1990
mm.
(ii) The glass used on the entry as well as canopy is also TOUGHEN GLASS of
12mm thickness and size 2480*1492 mm.
(iii) The glass used on the aero bridge is ROUNDED TOUGHEN GLASS of 12 mm
thickness and size 2480*1492mm.
(iv) The glass used in the ceiling is laminated glass of 13.52 mm thickness and of
size 2480*1492 mm. The purpose of using laminated glass is to avoid falling
of glass from the ceiling in case of any damage to the glass in the ceiling.
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City Side Glazing 12mm thick toughened SGG Dew Drop ST 15
Glass
Air Side Glazing Insulated double glazed unit consisting of 6mm SGG DEW
ST 150 toughened glass + 12mm air gap +6mm clear
Toughened glass
Glass Sky Light 13.52 thick laminated consisting of 6mm high performance
cool light series toughened glass + 1.52 PVB +6mm cleared
Toughened glass
Connecting Tube 12 mm SGG dew drop ST 150 toughened/curved
(Aerobridge Corridor) glass
2.4m High Frameless 12mm clear toughened glass with PVDF coated
Glass internal partition 80mm nominal bore GI pipe frame.
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3.1.5 Connecting Links:-
o 5 staircases
o 4 elevators
o 2 escalators
The structure steel roof shell is consisting of primary beams @ 12 m c/c, Secondary
beam @ 12m c/c in both directions made out of MS plates of thickness ranging from
6mm to 25mm.The purlin is made of rectangular hollow section @ 1.5 mc/c. The roof is
supported on pyramidal strut columns made of MS pipe of 355mm diameter & 323 mm
diameter which in turn received by 26 nos RCC columns. The sizes of various members
are as below:
Primary Beam 400mm X 300 mm Web 12mm plate Flange 16mm plate
Secondary Beam 400mm X 300 mm Web 12mm plate Flange 10mm plate
Edge Beam 600mm X 700 mm Web 12mm plate Flange 12mm plate
Gutter 800mm X 600 mm Web 6mm plate Flange 6mm plate
Purlin 122mm X 61 mm X 5.4mm thick Rectangular Hollow Section
10
Fig.8 Views of the Steel Roof’
11
3.1.7 Flooring:-
Mainly three types of stones have been used in the NITB, viz.
o Black granite
o Ghibilee stone
o Italian marble
Details of the stones and pictures from the site are as under:
12
coatings in minimum 25-32 microns. They are being used to cover all the
concretecolumns in the NITB.
3.1.9 Sanitary:-
The sanitary stuff used is of American standards and is sophisticated too. Whole
flushing system is sensor based. The partition board used is of supreme quality and
are aesthetically pleasing too.
13
3.2 Apron with Link Taxiway
Dimension of Apron = 518m 141.5m (with Shoulder)
Fig.12 Plan of the Apron along with Link Taxiway and Runway
14
Fig.13 Various Cross Sections of Apron and Taxiways elements
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4. Stages of Execution of Works
After a requisition for a work required to be done is received, a preliminary
estimate is prepared to give an idea of the approximate cost involved based on
preliminary plans. It is sent to the requisitioning authority for administrative approval.
The following four basic pre-requisite are required to be fulfilled:-
I. Administrative approval.
II. Expenditure sanction.
III. Technical sanction.
IV. Appropriation of function.
The formal acceptance by requisitioning authority of the proposal contained in
the preliminary estimate framed for the submission to the requisitioning authority
should be signed by the authority competent to accord technical sanction to the detailed
estimate for work and should be forwarded to the department. The administrative
approval will be communicated to the concerned unit of Airport Authority of India (AAI)
and a copy endorsed to the Accounts Officer. One copy of the estimate should be
returned countersigned, to the concerned airport site office.
After receipt of administrative approval and expenditure sanction, detailed
estimates are required to be prepared for technical sanction. As its name suggest, it
amounts to no more than a guarantee that the proposals are structurally sound and that
the estimates accurately calculated and based on adequate data. Before an estimate is
technically sanctioned, the following shall be available:
i. Detailed architectural drawings and specifications.
ii. Structural drawings of foundation.
iii. Structural drawings of superstructure.
iv. Detailed drawings of internal and external services.
The execution of a project/work has two stages viz. the pre-construction stage
and the construction stage. The following activities are involved in these stages:
Pre-construction stage-
(i) Requisition from the client.
(ii) Preparation of site/soil data.
(iii) Discussions with the clients of all their requirements, incorporation of the
same and preparation of the preliminary plans.
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(iv) Approval of the plan by client.
(v) Preparation of the Preliminary Estimate & vetting by senior architect.
(vi) Approval of estimates by the clients.
(vii) Preparation and submission of plans to the Local Bodies.
(viii) Approval of plans by Local Bodies.
(ix) Preparation of preliminary structural sizes.
(x) Preparation of service drawing.
(xi) Preparation of architectural drawings.
(xii) Preparation of draft detailed estimate and design review with client and
modification of drawings, if any.
(xiii) Preparation of detailed estimates for main buildings and all services (Civil,
Mechanical, Electricals).
(xiv) Preparation of structural drawings.
(xv) Preparation of draft schedules for work and call of prequalification
applications, wherever required.
(xvi) Selection of contractors from the pre-qualifications applications.
(xvii) Call of tenders and pre-bid conference.
(xviii) Receipts of tenders.
(xix) Decision of tender and award of work.
Construction stage-
(i) Execution of work & contract management.
(ii) Completion of work.
(iii) Testing & commissioning.
(iv) Completion plans and Occupancy certificate from the local body.
(v) Handling over to client.
(vi) Settlement of accounts.
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5. Testing Of Materials
5.1 For Building
5.1.1. Cement:-
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5.1.2 Concrete
The load is multiplied by calibration constant and then by 1.25 to get the exact strength
"
Compaction Factor =
"
Slump = Difference between the height of the mould and that of the highest point of
thesubsidized concrete being tested.
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5.2 For Apron
5.2.1 Subgrade :-
5.2.1.1 Grain Size Analysis –
Code Referred: IS 2720 (PART 4)
The material passing 100mm sieve and retained on 75mm sieve is called `COBBLE’.
The material passing 75mm sieve and retained on 4.75mm sieve is called `GRAVEL’.
The material passing 4.75mm sieve and retained on 75microns sieve is called `SAND’.
The material passing 75microns sieve is called `SILT’.
Plastic Limit:-
The moisture is taken when the soil just crumbles with no pressure and
the soil no longer can be rolled.
Plasticity Index (%) = Liquid Limit (%) – Plastic Limit (%)
The liquid limit should be less than 25% and the plastic limit should be
less than 6%. In case of sandy soil, PL should be determined first. When PL
cannot be determined, PL is reported as Non-Plastic (NP). When the PL is equal
or greater than the LL, the PI is reported as zero.
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5.2.1.3 Determination of maximum dry density and optimum moisture content by
proctor`s density test-heavy compaction method –
Code Referred: IS 2720 (PART 8)
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A graph is plotted between shear stress and displacement.
Shear strength = C + σ tan (φ)
C = cohesion of soil
σ = normal stress
φ = angle of friction
Penetration depth (mm) Unit standard load Total standard load (kg)
(kg/sq.cm)
2.5 70 1370
5.0 105 2055
7.5 134 2630
10.0 162 3180
12.5 183 3600
The CBR value will be generally reported at 2.5mm penetration, in some cases if the
CBR value at 5.0mm is greater than 2.5mm penetration, the test shall be repeated,
if identical results obtained the result at 5mm penetration shall be reported as CBR
of that material.
The value of CBR for soil should be greater than 10. But the addition of lime or
cement to the soil increases the CBR value, so it can be less.
The value of CBR value for aggregates should be greater than 30, but usually it is
greater than 100.
Correction factor = 6.956
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5.2.2 Aggregates :-
The difference between the initial weight and (the total weight retained on 2.36mm
sieve plus the passed weight) should be less than 1gm. If it is not so, then the test
sample is rejected.
The AIV should be less than 30%.
A
B
C
D
.E
A
B
C
5.2.2.4 Determination of specific gravity and water absorption using wire basket
Code Referred: ASTM C127
W
FGHI JKLMNONM PQRSNTU =
(F − Y)
W
WKKRQLZT JKLMNONM PQRSNTU =
(W − Y)
23
100(F − W)
[RTLQ W\]^QKTN^Z(%) =
W
25
Fig.15 Aggregate Feeder
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6.3 Gathering Conveyor :-
Aggregates are discharged into Gathering Conveyor, is suspended on 6 load cells.
As soon as the desired recipe accumulates, gathering Conveyor discharges the mix on to
the slingers conveyor. Gathering conveyor and slingers conveyor are provided with
idler rollers and return rollers.
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6.4 Weighing System :-
Weighing hopper is mounted on 3 load cells with butterfly valve for discharge. Cement
weighing hopper capacity 500 kg is provided with pneumatic vibrator and two inlets for two
screw conveyors (WAM-Italy) Water tank supported on load cells and it has gate with rubber
gasket at the bottom. Additives comprise of admixture flask of capacity 10 litters with feeding
pump. Cement is fed from SILO to the cement weighing hopper.
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6.5 Retention Hopper :-
Temporary storage hopper is provided with vibrator and it is utilized for holding the
batch of 4 aggregates before feeding into the mixture.
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6.7 Computerized panel with digital display :-
Fully computerized panel are a standard on ASTECH plant. Software which is
very user friendly ensures top notch performance. Proxy switches for each control
panel, Display of the entire process of control parameters, Provision for printing entire
data like-Mix Proportion, Batch Weigh, Total No. of Batches, Sub Total, Gross Total, etc.
pre-set batch controls the number of batches for Trans it Mixer. There are Provision to
store, edit, production details, mix proportions up to 99 recipes Auto and manual
control.
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7. TERMINOLOGY
7.1 Arrival:-
In the Arrival area of the Building, there are 3 Conveyor belts, 2 for Domestic & 1 for
International Passengers.
The arrival for international and domestic passengers is separated by glass wall
separator (visible in above picture). There are totally two separate blocks for
International and domestic Passengers.
There are 6 Arrival Immigration counters, 4 Custom Counters, and a Custom Office,
Public concourse comprising of a toilet block on Arrival side, a Terminal Manager Room
and a VIP room outside Building.
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7.2 Departure:-
The Departure technically refers to the area from where the passengers check
out from the airport, i.e. passengers coming to the airport after air journey enter collect
their luggage and finally leaves airport.
There are 2 conveyer belts in the departure portion of the Bhopal airport(1 for
domestic and 1 for international passengers).
Glass partition are used here too, to separate the international and domestic passengers
Domestic
International
It has a seating capacity of 185 at ground floor and 290 at first floor, i.e. a total of
475 passengers. Boarding for the passengers is from gate no. 2. There are 4 bag
scanners where all the luggage of passengers is scanned. The S.H.A. also has following
distinguished features as VIP lounge, child care room, smoking room, commercial area
and restaurant.
It has a seating capacity of 165 passengers at first floor. Boarding for the passengers is
from gate no. 2. There are 4 immigration counters and 2 custom counters. There are 4
bag scanners where all the luggage of passengers is scanned. The S.H.A. also has
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following distinguished features as VIP lounge, child care room, smoking room,
commercial area and restaurant. Also there are duty free shops at the first floor itself.
7.4 Runway:-
The runway of previous airport of was 6700 feet. A new runway was designed
for the Raja Bhoj International Airport, which has a length of 9000 feet.This runway is
capable of holdingD categorybig aircrafts like BOENG 747, 410 and AIRBUS 310.
Not merely there has been advancement in the length of the runway but also
there has been tremendous increment in the technical facilities at the airport. This can
be justified well by the fact that CAT-I Approach Lighting Systemhas been installed
along therunway which is an entirely advanced concept at the airport. In addition to
thisAssociated Ground Lighting facilities is being provided.
7.3 Joints:-
7.3.1 Expansion joint
An expansion joint or movement joint is an assembly designed to safely
absorb the heat-induced expansion and contraction of various construction materials, to
absorb vibration, to hold certain parts together, or to allow movement due to ground
settlement or earthquakes. They are commonly found between sections of sidewalks,
bridges, railway tracks, piping systems, ships, and other structures. Throughout the
year, building faces, concrete slabs, and pipelines will expand and contract due to the
warming and cooling through seasonal variation, or due to other heat sources. Before
expansion joint gaps were built into these structures, they would crack under the stress
induced.
The expansion joint can be simply called as separation between two sections of
the same materials.
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7.3.2Contraction joint:-
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8. Conclusion
Training at the Raja Bhoj International Airport, Bhopal was a highly informative
and cognitive. It provided us not merely the knowledge but a vast practical field
exposure too. Mr. Shahabuddin Multani and Mr. Pankaj Sharma guided us about all the
technology being employed in the project and the specific approach toward execution of
the work at various stages.
Even though the work was in its last stages of execution still we were imparted
ample opportunities. We conducted test on flexural strength of beam and got a chance
to watch the working of automated Batch mix plant.
The New Integrated Terminus Building is a magnificent structure in its visual
aspects as well as in its technical perspective too. We were awarded with opportunity to
have a view in the working of airport and get acquainted with various sections of
airport building, viz. arrival, departure, S.H.A., etc.
As Civil Engineering students not merely the literature but practical exposure is
a vital organ of learning for us. This training has provided us all the aspects that are
crucial for us and surely will be needed in future.
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