Section 2: More Measurements

(Chapter 2 — The Science Toolbox)

VOCABULARY
_____________ - the substance of all objects; all matter is made of atoms and has mass.
_________ - a particle of matter.
_________ - the amount of matter that an object has.
__________ - a measure of mass and the force of gravity on an object.

Mass and weight

Matter
• Everything is made of __________. All matter is made of particles called ________. Atoms
are too small to see with your eyes.
Mass
• The _______ of an object equals the amount of matter it has. Mass is usually measured in
_______.
Mass stays the same
• Mass and weight are _____ the same thing. You would have the same mass here on Earth
as on the moon, but your weight would be very different.
Weight
• ___________ is a measure of the force of gravity. The _______ mass an object has, the
____________ the force of gravity on that object. The more force of gravity, the ________
an object weighs.

If the same apples weigh less on Mars, it means that the force of gravity is ________ on Mars
than Earth.

Measuring time
Measuring time
• It is important to measure ________ in experiments so you know how long it takes for
something to move or grow.
 Time Relationships
1 minute = seconds
1 hours = minutes
1 day = hours
1 year = days
1 century = years

Measuring temperature
Two temperature scales
• There are two commonly used temperature scales: ___________ and _________________.
If the temperature is 21 degrees Celsius, it will feel comfortable outdoors, ranging from
mildly cool to warm. On the other hand, if the temperature if 21 degrees Fahrenheit, you
would have to wear a heavy coat, gloves, and a hat (it would be ≈ -6 degrees Celsius)!
• Because U.S. is one of the few countries that still uses Fahrenheit to measure temperature,
it is important to know ____________ as well.

Celsius Fahrenheit
Freezing Temperature
Boiling Temperature
Normal Human Body Temperature

Converting between the scales

How do you measure temperature?

Thermometers
• Accurate measurement of temperature requires a ____________________, an instrument
that measures temperature. It uses the expansion of liquid alcohol to measure temperature
changes.
• As the temperature increase, the alcohol molecules move faster and bounce off each
other. As a result, the liquid alcohol ____________ and takes up more space in the
thermometer (that’s when you see the colored liquid rise in a thermometer).