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The Causes and Contextof Sexual Abuse of Minors by Catholic Priests in theUnited States, 1950-2010
 A Report Presented to the United States Conference of Catholic Bishopsby the John Jay College Research Team
Karen J. Terry, Principal Investigator Margaret Leland Smith, Data AnalystKatarina Schuth O.S.F., ConsultantJames R. Kelly, ConsultantBrenda Vollman, Research AssociateChristina Massey, Research Associate
 
In June 2002 the full body of Catholic bishops of the United States in their General Meeting in Dallas approved the
Charter for the Protection of Children and Young People
. The
Charter
created a National Review Board, which was assigned responsibilityto oversee the completion of the study of the causes and context of the recent crisis. The National Review Board engaged the John Jay College of Criminal Justice of the City University of New York to conduct research, summarize the collected data,and issue a summary report to the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops of its ndings.This report by the John Jay College is authorized for publication by the undersigned.Msgr. David J. Malloy, STDGeneral Secretary, USCCBFirst printing, May 2011ISBN 978-1-60137-201-7Copyright © 2011, United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, Washington, DC. All rights reserved. No part of thiswork may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright holder.
 
Table of Contents
 Acknowledgments
................................................................................................................................1
Executive Summary 
................................................................................................................................2
Methodology 
......................................................................................................................................2
Findings
................................................................................................................................................2
Historical and Sociocultural Context
.....................................................................................................2
Seminary Education
..............................................................................................................................3
Individual, Psychological Factors
...........................................................................................................3
Organizational Factors
 ...........................................................................................................................4
Onset, Persistence, and Desistance from Abuse
.....................................................................................4
Situational Factors and Prevention Policies
............................................................................................5
Summary 
.................................................................................................................................................5
Chapter 1: Context for the Study of Sexual Abuse of Minors by Catholic Priests in the United States, 1950-2010
...........................................................6
Introduction
.....................................................................................................................................6
The Nature and Scope Study 
.........................................................................................................7
Summary Findings
................................................................................................................................8Distribution of Incidents by Year, Region, and Size of Diocese .............................................................8Abusers and Victims ........................................................................................................................9Type and Location of Offenses ........................................................................................................10Diocesan Action in Response to Reports of Abuse ............................................................................10
Context for the Crisis
..................................................................................................................11
Understanding Sexual Abuse in Society
...............................................................................................11Historical Overview of the Problem of Sexual Abuse in the United States ..........................................11
Estimates of the Prevalence of Abuse
.............................................................................................11
Early Psychological Studies of Child Sexual Abusers
........................................................................13
Understanding “Normal” Sexual Behavior and Identity
....................................................................14
Sex Offender Typologies and Multimodal Explanations of Behavior
....................................................15
The Role of Opportunity in Sexual Abuse
......................................................................................16
Understanding Sexual Abuse in Youth-Serving Organizations
..............................................................16Schools .........................................................................................................................................17Child Care Settings .......................................................................................................................17Boy Scouts of America ...................................................................................................................17Big Brothers Big Sisters ..................................................................................................................18Athletic Organizations ...................................................................................................................19Professional and Legal Remedies .....................................................................................................19
Understanding Sexual Abuse in Religious Institutions
.........................................................................20Protestant Denominations ..............................................................................................................20Southern Baptist ............................................................................................................................20Episcopal ......................................................................................................................................20 Jehovah’s Witnesses .......................................................................................................................20
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