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Reference number ECMA-123:2009
©
Ecma International 2009
 
 
ECMA-262
5
th
Edition / December 2009
 ECMAScript LanguageSpecification
 
 
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
 
© Ecma International 2009
 
 
 
© Ecma International 2009
 
i 
Contents
Page
 
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... vii1
 
Scope ...................................................................................................................................................... 1
 
2
 
Conformance ......................................................................................................................................... 1
 
3
 
Normative references ............................................................................................................................ 1
 
4
 
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 1
 
4.1
 
Web Scripting ........................................................................................................................................ 2
 
4.2
 
Language Overview ............................................................................................................................... 2
 
4.2.1
 
Objects.................................................................................................................................................... 3
 
4.2.2
 
The Strict Variant of ECMAScript ........................................................................................................ 4
 
4.3
 
Definitions .............................................................................................................................................. 4
 
5
 
Notational Conventions ........................................................................................................................ 7
 
5.1
 
Syntactic and Lexical Grammars ......................................................................................................... 7
 
5.1.1
 
Context-Free Grammars ....................................................................................................................... 7
 
5.1.2
 
The Lexical and RegExp Grammars .................................................................................................... 8
 
5.1.3
 
The Numeric String Grammar .............................................................................................................. 8
 
5.1.4
 
The Syntactic Grammar ........................................................................................................................ 8
 
5.1.5
 
The JSON Grammar .............................................................................................................................. 9
 
5.1.6
 
Grammar Notation ................................................................................................................................. 9
 
5.2
 
Algorithm Conventions ....................................................................................................................... 11
 
6
 
Source Text .......................................................................................................................................... 12
 
7
 
Lexical Conventions ............................................................................................................................ 13
 
7.1
 
Unicode Format-Control Characters ................................................................................................. 14
 
7.2
 
White Space ......................................................................................................................................... 14
 
7.3
 
Line Terminators ................................................................................................................................. 15
 
7.4
 
Comments ............................................................................................................................................ 16
 
7.5
 
Tokens .................................................................................................................................................. 17
 
7.6
 
Identifier Names and Identifiers ......................................................................................................... 17
 
7.6.1
 
Reserved Words .................................................................................................................................. 18
 
7.7
 
Punctuators .......................................................................................................................................... 19
 
7.8
 
Literals .................................................................................................................................................. 19
 
7.8.1
 
Null Literals .......................................................................................................................................... 19
 
7.8.2
 
Boolean Literals ................................................................................................................................... 20
 
7.8.3
 
Numeric Literals .................................................................................................................................. 20
 
7.8.4
 
String Literals ...................................................................................................................................... 22
 
7.8.5
 
Regular Expression Literals ............................................................................................................... 24
 
7.9
 
Automatic Semicolon Insertion ......................................................................................................... 25
 
7.9.1
 
Rules of Automatic Semicolon Insertion .......................................................................................... 26
 
7.9.2
 
Examples of Automatic Semicolon Insertion ................................................................................... 27
 
8
 
Types .................................................................................................................................................... 28
 
8.1
 
The Undefined Type ............................................................................................................................ 28
 
8.2
 
The Null Type ....................................................................................................................................... 28
 
8.3
 
The Boolean Type ................................................................................................................................ 28
 
8.4
 
The String Type ................................................................................................................................... 28
 
8.5
 
The Number Type ................................................................................................................................ 29
 
8.6
 
The Object Type ................................................................................................................................... 30
 
8.6.1
 
Property Attributes .............................................................................................................................. 30
 
8.6.2
 
Object Internal Properties and Methods ........................................................................................... 31
 
8.7
 
The Reference Specification Type ..................................................................................................... 34
 
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