Genetic resources
2011, Vol. 36
International Rice Research Notes
(0117-4185)
1
HUR 4-3: a new aromatic rice variety released forirrigated areas of Uttar Pradesh, India
H.K. Jaiswal and R.P.Singh, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute ofAgricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, IndiaE-mail: jaiswal_hemant@rediffmail.com
Aromatic rice constitutes a small, special group of rice that is considered to bethe best in grain quality characteristics. This rice has long been popular in theOrient, and is now gaining popularity in the Middle East, Europe, and theUnited States. Although aromatic rice that is popular in the world market is long-grain Basmati type, a majority of the Indian indigenous aromatic rice is small- tomedium-grain rice. A large number of landraces of this rice are found in theHimalayan Tarai region of the states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar of India,indicating that this region is probably a center of origin of aromatic rice. Qualityrice is characterized not only by aroma but also by several other traits such asgrain length and width, kernel elongation after cooking, elongation ratio,amylose content, and gelatinization temperature. Most of the traditional aromaticrice varieties are tall, low yielding, and late maturing. In spite of the high valueand demand for aromatic rice, not much progress in developing aromaticvarieties has been achieved. This is partly because of the incompatibility ofaromatic varieties with improved indicas, resulting in high infertility in crosses.Mutation breeding can be effectively used in bringing about desiredimprovement of specific traits in these indigenous aromatic rice varieties, makingthem competitive with current high-yielding varieties.Lanjhi, an aromatic landrace from Jhansi Division (Bundelkhand region)of Uttar Pradesh, has several acceptable agronomic traits: medium slenderaromatic grains, moderately high yield (3.2 t/ha), and tolerance for blast andmajor insect pests such as stem borers and leaffolders. Its unacceptable feature isits plant height (150–170 cm), which makes it highly susceptible to lodging.Therefore, through induced mutagenesis, an attempt was made to recoversemidwarf mutants with high yield while retaining the quality traits of Lanjhi.One thousand mature seeds (M
0
) of Lanjhi were presoaked in distilledwater for 12 hours and treated with 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% aqueous solution ofEMS for 6 hours, for each treatment. The M
1
seeds were grown in the field at the
Genetic resources
2011, Vol. 36
International Rice Research Notes
(0117-4185)
2Agricultural Research Farm, B.H.U. Varanasi, during the 1999 wet season (WS)(Jun-Dec). During harvest, care was taken to collect panicles only from the maintiller. The seeds were bulked to grow the M
2
(10,000 plants) during the 2000 WS.Seeds from 127 selected individual plants were advanced to the M
4
generation.Nine mutants were finally selected and grown in 3 × 5-m plots with threereplications to evaluate the stability of the mutant phenotype and otheragronomic traits in the M
5
generation during the 2003 WS. The parent variety(Lanjhi) and HUBR 2-1, a variety released for U.P. with high yield and goodcooking quality, were used as checks. Four mutants (HUR 4-3, HUR 5-7, HUR 7-5, and HUR 9-3) with plant height ranging from 90 to 110 cm and days to 50%flowering ranging from 105 to 110 were recovered (Table 1). Compared withLanjhi, HUR 4-3 and HUR 7-5 did not show any significant difference in grainquality and aroma. Interestingly, HUR 4-3 had a substantially higher yield thanthe parental line Lanjhi, which could be attributed to its semidwarf plant statureand higher spikelet fertility. It was most promising with its improved plant typeand yield advantage over the parent.Culture HUR 4-3 was entered in the State Varietal Trials of Uttar Pradeshin 2004 and tested for 3 consecutive years (Table 2). HUR 4-3 recorded anincrease of 25% over check variety Pusa Basmati 1. Thirteen grain qualitycharacteristics of HUR 4-3 were assessed using standard procedures andcompared with the popular Basmati check varieties Pusa Basmati 1 and TaraoriBasmati (Table 3). The State Varietal Release Committee of UP released HUR 4-3(IET 18911) in February 2008 for cultivation in irrigated areas of eastern andwestern UP.
Genetic resources
2011, Vol. 36
International Rice Research Notes
(0117-4185)
3
Table
1. Performance of Lanjhi and M5 mutants at the Agricultural Research Farm, B.H.U. Varanasi, 2003 (WS).
Parent/ mutant/checkPlantheight(cm)Days to50%floweringSpikelet fertility(%)Yield(t/ha)Lanjhi 159 103 74.5 3.3HUBR 2-1 (check) 101 105 80.2 3.8HUR 4-3 100 105 86.5 4.6HUR 5-7 102 106 81.3 4.1HUR 7-5 110 110 84.3 4.3HUR 9-3 90 106 80.7 3.8HUR 4-7 115 111 78.9 3.8HUR 3-5 111 118 86.0 3.6HUR 21-7 118 120 83.2 4.0HUR 53-1 96 111 85.1 3.7LSD (0.05) 10.4 7.5 3.8 0.3
Table 2. Comparative yield performance (t/ha) of HUR 4-3 in State Varietal Trials at the Regional Agriculture Testing andDemonstration Stations (RATDS), 2004-06 wet seasons.
Eastern region Western region Central region BundelkhandregionEntryVaranasi Azamgarh Barabanki Meerut Mathura Barielly Hardoi Etawah JhansiStatemeanHUR 4-3 4.9 3.8 4.8 4.4 4.7 3.9 4.0 3.5 1.6 4.0NDR 6168 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.2 4.5 3.1 3.2 3.6 1.1 3.4CSAR 839-3 3.7 3.9 4.2 4.7 – 3.0 3.5 3.8 1.9 3.6MUV 13 2.9 2.9 4.3 4.7 4.2 3.3 3.2 2.9 1.6 3.3Pusa Basmati-1(check)3.2 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.2 3.0 3.1 3.0 1.5 3.2LSD (0.05) 0.85 0.54 0.57 0.34 0.34 0.42 0.41 0.43 0.32 0.35
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