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LIN ON B RA
Thn i trao v cc Hng o sinh trong Lin on B Ra vi tt c thng yu tru mn PHM VN NHN Bin son H Hng Hi PHM VN NHN
Li Dn
T ngn xa, con ngi bit s dng nt dy buc, gi, ct, lm p con ngi, ghi nh nhng bin c quan trng, v tu theo loi nt dy v cch tht, chng cn c dng thng tin lin lc, khi m con ngi cha pht minh ra c ch vit Hin nay, nhiu b lc vn cn s dng nt dy nh l mt hnh thc th tn. Nh vy nt dy l mt hnh thc vn ho ca nhn loi. Trong i sng hng ngy. khng mt ai l cha tng s dng qua nt dy. Dy v nt dy l mt th khng thiu trong cuc sng ca chng ta, nhng rt t ngi bit s dng cho ng chc nng ca tng loi nt dy cho ng vi tng trng hp. Thng thng th chng ta c ct cho tht cht, khng cn quy c, phng php . . min sao sit cho mn hng tht cng l c, nhng khi tho th phi dng n dao, ko c khi cha kp tho th bi tut ra ri. Khi ni n nt dy, th mi ngi hay ngh n Hng o Sinh. Phi ni rng : nt dy v Hng o Sinh l hai yu t c lin quan mt thit vi nhau. Mt Hng o Sinh gii tt phi rnh v nt dy (d nhin l cn rt nhiu k nng khc na). V ngc li, nu mt ngi tht gii v nt dy, th thng l mt Hng o Sinh . Trc y, trong chng trnh Hng o Tn Sinh, th ch c vn vn 6 nt. Chng trnh Hng Nh khong 12 nt v chng trnh Hng Nht khong 15 nt. Trong tp sch ny, tin cho vic ng dng v tham kho, chng ti a vo nhng nt bin th, nhng nt ng dng, nhng nt c cng dng ging nhau cc bn thun tin trong vic tra cu ng dng. Tuy nhin khi hc tp hay kim tra, cc Trng ch nn cn c vo nhng nt chnh (c
ch ln v ng khung). Cn nhng nt khc nu hc c th rt tt, bng khng th ch xem nh ti liu tham kho. Trong vic hc tp v hun luyn, i vi mt Hng o Sinh th phi lm thuc mt nt dy ch khng phi lm c mt nt dy. C ngha l cc bn phi thc hnh v thc hnh nhiu ln, khi cn lm th khng b lng tng, tho ra ct vo. Cc yu t chnh hnh thnh mt nt dy hon ho l: Thm m D lm Chc chn D tho
Chc cc bn tm thy nim vui v hng th trong khi hc nt dy cng nh trong i sng Hng o. NGI BIN SON
NT DT
Cng dng: Dng ni hai u dy c tit din bng nhau, ct kin hng, gi hng, ct khn qung, kha bng cu thng, bng tam gic
CC NT BIN TH V NG DNG 1.NT DT SNG 2.NT HOA(THT N) 3.DT KP I 4.DT KP II 5.NT B 6.NG DNG LM THANG DY 7.NT GIAO THOA 8.NT NI LEO 9.NT LEO CP 10.THNG LNG KP 11.THNG LNG KHA 12.VNG BT TH 13.THNG LNG S 8 14.NT B CI 15.THNG LNG SIT 16.NI CU SNG
17.NT 2 VNG 2 KHA 18.THUYN CHI V.N 19.TH.CHI BIN TH 20.1VG KHA SN CA 21.1 VG KHA SCA NGC 22.1 VG KHA S 8 CC NT THAM KHO 1.NT SN CA 2.NT SN CA BIN TH 1.2.3 3.NT CHIN CHIN 4.NT M CHIM 5.NT NI M CHIM 6.NT THY TU 1.2.3
Nt dt (Cch lm khc)
NT DT SNG
Cch lm c bn cng ging nh nt dt bnh thng , nhng khi tht vng th 2 th gp mt u dy li. Cch ny l khi cn th ch cn cm u dy gp rt mnh l c th tho ra rt nhanh.
Cng dng nh nt dt thng. nhng chc chn hn, nht l i vi nhng loi dy c tit din ln
NT DT KP 2 NT HOA ( THT N BM )
Cng dng nh nt Dt Kp 1 nhng hon ho v p hn.
NT B
y l nt dy m mi ngi thng lm do thun tay, l cch lm sai nt dt, v khi tht ln th 2 th hai u dy s cho nhau ch khng nm trn mt mt phng nh nt dt. Khi ct nt ny th tuy chc chn nhng kh tho g
y l dng nt dt bin th. Khi tht vng th 2 th gp hai u dy li. Cch ny dung ct dy giy, ct gi qu, ct bm tc hay trang tr cc vt khc
NT KT KP 1
NT GH N
L mt nt quan trng trong chng trnh Tn Sinh . Dng : -C nh mt vng trn u si dy - Lm dy an ton khi leo ni hay lm vic trn nhng cao nguy him. - a ngi t trn cao xung hay t di thp ln - a nn nhn thot khi nhng ni nguy him. -
NG DNG NT DT LM THANG DY
Dng dy hay vi kt li tng on nh mt ci thang khi cn c th thot ra khi nhng ni nguy him.
LM NT GH N CCH KHC
- Lm mt khuy thong lng. u dy A cht, u dy B sng. Lng u dy A qua thong lng - Ko mnh u dy B s thnh Nt Gh n. Tuy nhin, khi lm cch ny th u dy A s nm ngoi vng trn.
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CC NG DNG CA NT GH N
NT GIAO THOA
HNG DN CCH LM NT GH N BNG MT CU CHUYN 1/- Trc tin , cc bn ly mt si dy v c lng vng trng cn phi lm. Ta gi u A l thn cy, u C l con rn. 2/- Sau khi lm mt vng khuy B gi l ci ging th cc bn bt u k : C mt ci cy (A) mc bn b ging(B), di ging c mt ch rn(C) 3/-V tri nng nc nn ch rn leo ln ming ging 4/-Ch nm vt ngi qua thn cy hng mt 5/-Cht thy bng ngi, ch vi vng trn xung ging li Nh vy l Nt Gh n hon thnh. Chng ta cm u C v u A cng ko mt lt sit li.
Dng tht giao tip, c nh khng cho dy ong a chao o (do c ngi gi phn dy di). Khi tht kiu ny ch cho hai bn dy A v B bng nhau. NT NI NEO
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1/- Dng a ngi t trn cao xung hay t di thp ln 2/-Nm cho ngi sp chm di nc ko h vo 3/- a nhng nn nhn b ngt(trong ha hon) ra khi ni nguy him. bo v cho u ca nn nhn, khi ko phi lt m u ca h bng gi hay chng mn gp li (O) NT TREO CP
Dng neo u mt si cp
Trng hp mt tay phi gi thng bng, v ch cn li mt tay, cc bn thao tc lm sao hon thnh mt nt gh n quanh bng cho ngi trn ko ta ln.
NT THNG LNG
THNG LNG KP
L mt nt m chng ta thng s dng trong i sng hng ngy v nhng ng dng rt a dng ca n, nh mt vng trn m chng ta c th ni rng hay thu hp ty - Dng buc u dy vo mt vt c nh - Dng bt hay ct sc vt, gia cm - Dng lm by bt th -
Dng lm dy laso nm bt gia sc hay ct treo mt vt nng. c im ca loi nt ny l kh sit vo v cng kh tut ra
THNG LNG KHA Cn gi l thng lng trong thng lng, thng dng lm by bt th v c c tnh l rt d sit vo nhng rt kh tut ra
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NT NI CU
Dng ni hai u dy trn lng v hi cng nh dy cc, dy gn, dy dac tit din bng nhau hoc mt si ln mt si nh. Ng dn thng dng nt ny ni dy cu, ni dy v liNt ni cu cn dng king cng mt cc ro, gy
NT NI CU 2
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NHNG NT NI CU LM SAI
NT QUAI CHO
NT NI CU SNG
Cng dng : - Dng ct u dy vo mt cc hay mt cy. - Dng ct thuyn vo mt cy ven b. - Dng cn lu. - Bt u v kt thc nt thp cy hnh ch thp
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Cng dng: Dng cng mt si dy. Dng neo thuyn. Dng ct sc vt. Dng cng lu.
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NT VNG SN CA
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NT SN CA
CC NT SN CA BIN TH
Dng tht mt vng chnh gia si dy. treo mt vt nng ln mt cng ngang. ko ci, ko ch, rm rV cng ko cng sit cng. c bit d lm, d tho.
25
26
NT CHIN CHIN
NT NI M CHIM
NT M CHIM
Lm nt chn chu khng cho dy lt qua l. Lm nc bm cho nhng dy u eo, dy gu ko ncCc tu s thi trung c thng dng tht trng ht nn mi c tn nh th
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NT KO G
Cng dng:Dng ko vt di v nng.Dng cng vng -Khi u ca nt thp cy du nhn. Nguyn tc ca cc loi nt ko g l u dy ghm lc no cng phi cng thng nu khng dy s b tut; v nn b gc dy c sit cng hn.
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ng dng nt ko g ko vt nng
CC NT S DNG NH NT KO G
NT KO G SNG
NT NEO KHA
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CC NT S DNG NH NT KO G
CC NT S DNG NH NT KO G NT NO BUM
NT NEO SNG
NT NEO S 8
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NT TH DT
Cch th I
NT TH DT N
NT TH DT SNG
Ngi ta thng dng ni hai y y c tit din khng bng nhau(hoc bng nhau). Dng ni ch dt, an li, cng luy l mt loi kh thng dng
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CC NT S DNG NH NT TH DT NT TH DT KP
CC NT S DNG NH NT TH DT NT SNG D
NT TH DT VIT NAM
NT NI CH THP
NT VNG S 8
Nhng nt ni u dy th rt a dng, cho nn chng ta phi tm hiu u khuyt im ca tng loi nt v chn cho mnh nhng nt no thch hp nht. 37 38
NT GH KP
NT TH DT KP (Cch lm th II)
Ngi ta gi cc loi nt GH (gh n, gh kp, gh anh) l do ngi ta c th ngi vo trong c.Cc loi nt ny thng dng trong cp cu hay a ngi t di thp ln cao hay t trn cao xung thp.
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NT GH ANH
NT GH KP AN TON Cch lm nt ny ging nh cch lm nt gh n (nhng phi gp i dy). Khi lm xong th nt rt chc chn v an ton
L mt loi nt kh d lm, p v tin dng. C th iu chnh hai vng dy cho va kh ngi d dng
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NT GH ANH
NT CHN CH
Cng dng : Lm hai vng khong gia si dy di. Cng cng dng nh nt gh kp, nhng tin li hn nh hai vng c iu chnh ty theo kh ngi.Dng dng mt ngi lm vic theo bc tng hay vch ni.
Dng thu ngn hoc cng mt si dy b chng m khng cn ct bt hoc phi tho mt u dy gia c thm mt on dy sn sp b t
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CC CCH LM KHC
NT THNG LNG I 1
NT THNG LNG I II
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NT VN
VN NGN I
NT QUN DY I VN NGN 2
NT QUN DY II
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CCH CUN DY
NT QUN DY IV NT QUN DY V
DNG NT VN LM THANG DY
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CUN VN
CUN TREO 2
CUN VN TREO
Cc cch cun dy di y dng thu ngn hay cun gn mt si dy di, tin cho vic mang vc, di chuyn, bo qunTy theo nhu cu, thch v s thun tin, cc bn c th chn cho mnh bt c cch cun no.
CUN TRN 1
CUN TRN 2
CCH CUN DY NM XA
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NT CARRICK
NT CARRICK N
NT THT KHU
NT CARRICK KP
L nt dng tht khu khn qung hay an . Dng mt si dy khong 1m. Bt u giai on 1 t khong gia si dy vi u dy A. n giai on 3 th ng thi dng u dy B
Cng dng: Dng ni hai si dy thng c tit din bng nhau NT KIM TIN
NT DY CHUYN T nt Kim tin, chng ta thc lin nhau thnh mt si dy chuyn lm trang sc.Yu cu l phi chn dy thch hp v tht nt cho tht u
y l mt dng bin th ca nt Carrick kp, nhng ch dng c mt si dy. T nt Kim tin, ngi ta sng to ra nhiu lc khc nhau dng trang tr
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NT U RUI
NT NGNH TR NGC
NT NGNH TR
NT NGNH TR N
NT NGNH TR KP NT NI CH THP 2
Hai nt ny thng dng ni hai u lt mm hay cc loi dy dt vi hnh thc trang tr. Dng ni hai u lt tre, my, sng l nm. 57 58
CC NT CNG LU
NT LT VN
Ngi ta thng s dng cch ct ny ct rau,ct c,ct ci. Vi cch ct ny th rt d tho nhng khng bn i vi trng lng qu nng
Cng dng : Nh mt ci tendeur , dng cng li dy lu khi b chng m khng cn tho dy ra khi cc
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NT CHU I
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CC LOI NT TT U DY NT UI HEO
NT TT U DY
NT XP NP
NT BUC KHA
NT CU NI
NT CHU VNG
65
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NT NN NI
NT THP THNG
Cng dng : Dng ni di hai cy ct , cy tre .bng lt, dy rng, my NT THP THNG 2
NT NN THP NGANG
Cc loi nt thp thng dng ni di hai cy ct (hay so) trn hay vung bng cc loi dy thng dng
Cng dng : Dng thp hnh ch thp hai cy ct, cy tre.bng lt, dy rng, my 67 68
NT THP THNG 3
NT THP THNG 4
69
70
NT CHM BA
NT CHM BA 3
Khi thp th ngi ta 3 u dy nm i u v bng phng. Khi ct dy xong dng ln, th dy s xit li rt cng. Ngi ta thng dng nt ny lm nhng gi 3 chn CHM BA 2
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72
NT THP CH THP
NT THP CH THP N
Loi nt ny rt n gin. T thn n khng king c gi ch thp m phi da vo mt nt khc, cho nn n thng ch dng ct hng ro
Cng dng : Dng thp ngang hai cy g ln vo vi nhau trong cngtc lm cu, lm nh, th cng tri(nh l khi u v kt thc bng nt Thuyn chi)
HNG DN CCH THP CY CH THP 1. Bt u bng nt ko g v mt vng kha 2. Vng chong th nht 3. Vng chong th hai (chonh khong 3-4 vng) 4. Vng sit sai (khng nn a vng sit t y ln) 5. Vng sit ng (sit chng 3-4vng) 6. Vng sit th nht (sit tht cht tng vng mt) 7. Kt thc bng mt nt thuyn chi
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THP CH THP KHA DY KO \Khi thp, chng ta t cy hnh ch thp v chong cho nhng ng dy trc khi kha.
THP HI HNG L cch thp ch thp thng thng v d dngn ht. Khi u v kt thc bng nt thuyn chi
Khi thp cch ny, ngi ta dng lt my, thng l trang tr nhng n cng king ch thp rt chc chn
NT THP CHO CH X
HNG DN THP CHO (Cch th II) 1. 2. 3. 4. Khi u bngmt nt cho g Cc vng vn ngang Cc vng sit (rt quan trng, cn sit cht) Kt thc bng nt thuyn chi 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Khi u bng mt nt ko g Vng kha h tr nt ko g Vng sit nhv gi g 3 vng vn cho th I 3 vng v n cho th II Cc vng sit (rt quan trng nn lm 2-3 vng) Kt thc bng nt thuyn chi
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CC NT BN GHP
CC NT BN GHP
Cng dng : S dng trong rt nhiu trng hp : Lm sn cn, sn nh, gin bp, bn n, bn sinh hotTt c nhng g cn c mt mt bng cao hn mt t.
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Mun thp ch T, cc bn phi c mt l phn cy ng ri dng lt my thp theo hnh minh ha. Khi khi u, nn c nh si my bng mt cy inh nh.
NT THP GC NHN
Ct cho phn cy nh thp cho ng vi gc d kin ri s dng lt my rp tng bc mt theo minh ha. Khi rp th phi iu chnh dy lt my cho u n. u v cui nt thp nn c nh bng inh hoc giu mi
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CC LOI NT GH
NT GH CU HA I S dng nh cc loi nt gh kp khc. Nhng ngi lnh cu ha thng dng nt ny cp cu, a ngi t trn cao xung hay t di vc su ln
NT GH CU HA II
Nt ny s dng nh nt gh Anh, c th iu chnh hai vng trn cho va kh ngi trc khi kha cht si dy NT GH TH SN
S dng nh cc nt gh khc. Nt ny thng c cc th sn dng treo mnh trc cc bc tng sn hay lau knh
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NT GH KP BIN TH
CC NT LEO NI
NT LEO NI I
NT GH I XNG
NT LEO NT II
cho an ton, cc loi nt trng vo hai chn th nn kha mt vng khuy ngang ngc
c im chung ca cc loi nt leo ni l c th lm thnh mt vng kha khong gia bt k ca si dy. T vng kha ny ngi ta c th trng hay mc ngi vo, dng h tr nhau khi i thnh m on ngi leo ni hay vt qua nhng on ng nguy him
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NT EO BM NT LEO NI III
NT LEO NI IV \
NT KO THUYN
Dng nh cc loi nt leo ni, nhng thay v lm vng kha t si dy chnh, ngi ta trng vo mt si dy khc 88
CC NT BUC GI
CCH C NH DY N Cch th 1
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CCH C NH DY I Cch th 1
Chn cch c nh dy no m cc bn cho l p ct nhng gi hp hnh ch nht. Khi ct, phi chnh dy c khong cch thch hp
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CT HP HNH TRN DT
CT KHI HNH CU Trc tin, cc bn tht mt si dy theo minh ha,t hnh cu vo. Sau dng mt si dy khc c nh cc si dy. Cui cng kha vng dy pha trn.
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NT VN CHUYN
CT MING BAO (Cch th I) NT KHA N
Dng mt si dy ct thnh vng trn ri kha theo hnh minh ha gnh nhng vali hay kin hng NT KO THNG
Dng ct treo (hay gnh) nhng thng trn, c bit l nhng thng t n
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96
NT QUANG GNH
NT MANG VC
Dng cng hay gnh nhng kin hng trn nhng on ng kh di chuyn
NT CT VT TAM GIC
Dng tht nhng thng trn thay th cho ging gnh, nh thng ng nc, thng duhay cc loi thng trn ng cc loi khc.
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98
NT CT C CHAI 1
NT CT HAI CHAI
Dng ct xch cc chai l (ng cht lng) m khng b tut ri NT CT C CHAI 2 NT MANG NHIU HP LON
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100
NT KIM CNG
Dng ct nhng kin hng ln lng la nga th NT CH THP Cng dng : Dng chun b gi mt kin hng vung c trang tr bng dy but
CC LOI NT KHC
NT TRN I
NHNG LOI NT NY NM NGOI CHNG TRNH, NHNG CNG CN THIT V CHNG TA C TH NG DNG TRONG CUC SNG HNG NGY
101 102
CC NT DNG NI
NT TAM C
NT NI HAI VNG
Dng ni hai u dy cp hay dy thng c ti din ln. Lm xong th gia c u dy bng cc loi dy nh hay dy km
NT THY KT
NT NI KT
103
104
NT M CHIM N
NT KO THNG
NT NI U
NT NI CP
105
106
NT NI DY KIM LOI
NT TREO RM 2
Dng lm gn mt on dy tha t rm ca, mncho gn gang v thm m Dng ni cc loi dy in bng ng hay bng cc kim loi khc
107
108
NT BUC M NEO 1
NT BUC M NEO 2
109
110
NT BUC M NEO 3
NT BUC M NEO 5
NT BUC M NEO 7
111
112
NT BUC M NEO 8
NT MC TREO 2
NT MC TREO 3 NT MC TREO 1
NT MC TREO 4
113
114
NT MM C UI
NT MM SI
NT CHONG TREO
NT KHA MC
115
116
CC NT TM LI CU
CC NT TM LI CU
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118
CC NT TM LI CU
NT XCH U 1
NT XCH U 2
119
120
NT DNG CT C
CC NT LM CNG GHP SN
121
122
Cch th 3
CC NT LINH TINH
NT BUC SIT
NT THANG DY 1-2
123
124
NT THANG DY 3
NT S 8
NT CHU KP
125
126
NT VNG KHUY 2
NT VNG KHUY 1
NT VNG KHUY 3
127
128
NT VNG KHUY 4
NT VNG KHUY 7
NT VNG KHUY 5
NT VNG KHUY 8
NT VNG KHUY 9
129
130
NT VNG KHUY 10
NT VNG KHUY 11
NT VNG KHUY 12
CC LOI NT THOT THN Nhng nt thot thn dng thu hi li si dy m chng ta dng leo t trn cao xung m khng b mt si dy hoc khng cho nhng k truy ui chng ta s dng ng dy . thu hi si dy cc bn nn lu : kiu I, III v IV sau khi tut xung ti t, cc bn cm si dy gi mnh vi ci, dy s tut ra. Cc kiu cn li th cm dy B ko mnh thu hi si dy. Ngi ta cn dng mt s nt ko g sng lm nt thot thn Lu : khi u xung, cc bn phi bm vo dy A (tc dy sit). Nu cm ln qua dy B l nguy him n tnh mng. V dy s tut ra v ta s ri t do.
131 132
NT B SIT VI MC
Dng b la, b tranh, b rm r, b ci hay nhng cnh cy ln nh.Thao tc d dng.D buc, d tho.
NT B LA
133
134
CC LOI NT TRANG TR Thng thng th cc loi nt trang tr khng c cng dng c trng ring cho tng loi nt, m ty theo s kho lo, khiu thm m v s linh ng ca tng ngi p dng cc loi nt trang tr cho ph hp vi tng trng hp v khung cnh
135
136
NT THT C VT 1
NT THT C VT 3
NT THT C VT 2
NT THT N
137
138
NT SONG H
NT PH QU
NT TAI TH NT CT TNG
NT AN R (THT KHU)
NT SONG LONG
141
142
NT CC O 1
NT CC O 4
NT CC O 5
NT CC O 2
NT CC O 6 NT CC O 3
143
144
NT CC O 7
NT CC O 9
NT CC O T B NT CC O 8
NT CNH CHUN
145
146
NT HOA BA CNH
NT HOA BN CNH 2
NT MC XCH
NT HOA BN CNH 1
147
148
NT HOA BN CNH 3
NT HOA NM CNH 1
NT HOA NM CNH 2
149
150
NT HOA NM CNH 3
NT NH CT TNG
NT VNG HOA
NT NH
151
152
NT HOA SU CNH
NC LC HP
153
154
NT HOA CM T CU
NT H IP
155
156
NT BT TIN HI YN
NT L NG
157
158
NT THP TON
NT AN MING
159
160
NT HOA SU CNH 2
NT HOA BM 1
161
162
NT HOA BM 2
NT BN ROI 1
NT BN ROI 2
163
164
NT BN ROI 3
NT BN ROI 6
165
166
AN MY
THT BM BN TAO 1
THT BM 3 TAO
167
168
THT BM BN TAO 2
THT BM 5 TAO
THT BM TM TAO 1
169
170
THT BM TM TAO 2
THT BM TM TAO 3
171
172