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ISSN: 1907-4093 (print) / 2087-9814 (online)Volume 6 Nomor 1 (Januari 2011)
Jurnal Generic adalah jurnal semi-elektronik (tersedia dalam bentuk 
softcopy
dan
hardcopy
) yangditerbitkan setiap tahun secara berkala pada bulan Januari dan Juli. Jurnal membahas tentang kajian terkinidibidang ilmu komputer, teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Jurnal Generic bertujuan menjadi wadahpublikasi ilmiah bagi peneliti, akademisi, maupun praktisi yang akan membagi pengetahuan danpengalaman mereka didalam pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan di bidang ilmu komputer dan bidang ilmuteknologi informasi dan komunikasi di Indonesia.
 
PENANGGUNG JAWAB
Ketua Unit Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada MasyarakatBayu Adhi Tama, ST., MTI.
PENASIHAT
Dekan Fakultas Ilmu KomputerDrs. Saparudin, MT
PENYUNTING AHLI
Dr. Yusuf Hartono, M.Sc (UNSRI)Dr. Darmawijoyo, M.Si., M.Sc (UNSRI)Dr-Eng. Anto Satriyo Nugroho (BPPT)Dr. Ir. Eko K. Budiardjo, M.Sc (UI)Ir. Siti Nurmaini, MT (UNSRI)Jaidan Jauhari, MT (UNSRI)
PENYUNTING PELAKSANA
Ir. Bambang Tutuko, MT.Samsuryadi, M.Kom.Erwin, M.Si.Drs. Megah Mulya, MT.Ir. Sukemi, MT.Mgs. Afriyan Firdaus, M.IT.Firdaus, M.Kom.Alvi Syahrini Utami, M.Kom.
SEKRETARIAT
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer, Universitas SriwijayaJln. Raya Palembang - Prabumulih Km. 32, Inderalaya, Ogan Ilir, Sumatera SelatanTelp. (0711)7072729, 379249 Fax. (0711) 379248E-mail: jurnalgeneric@unsri.ac.idWebsite: uppm.ilkom.unsri.ac.id
 
ISSN: 1907-4093 (print) / 2087-9814 (online)Volume 6 Nomor 1 (Januari 2011)
 An Integrated Formulation of Zernike Invariant for Mining Insect Images
Norsharina Abu Bakar
1
, Siti Mariyam Shamsuddin
2
, Maslina Darus
3
1,2
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
3
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 1-6 
 
Penerapan Relasi Komposi Samar dalam Pendiagnosisan Suatu Penyakit
Samsuryadi dan Sukmawati
Universitas Sriwijaya 7-12
 
Perencanaan Strategis Teknologi Informasi (Studi Kasus: Politeknik Negeri Jakarta)
Indra Silanegara
1
, Bayu Adhi Tama,
2
Diat Nurhidayat
3
, M. Harris Adi L.
4
 
1
Politeknik Negeri Jakarta,
2
Universitas Sriwijaya,
3
Universitas Negeri Jakarta,
4
 Deplu RI 13-18
The Application of Text Compression to Short Message Service Using Huffman Table
 
Ahmad Affandi, Saparudin, and Erwin
Universitas Sriwijaya 19-24
 
Analisis Kepuasan Konsumen Terhadap Restoran Cepat Saji Melalui Pendekatan
 Data Min-ing
: Studi Kasus XYZ
Vina Mandasari, Bayu Adhi Tama
Universitas Sriwijaya 25-28
 
GENERIC Volume 6 Nomor 1 Halaman1– 32Inderalaya,Januari 2011pISSN1907-4093
Pengembangan Perangkat Lunak Pembelajaran Bahasa Isyarat Bagi Penderita TunarunguWicara
 
Yetti Yuniati
Universitas Lampung 29-32
 
 
Vol.6 No.1 (Januari 2011)
J
URNAL
G
ENERIC 1ISSN: 1907-4093 (print) / 2087-9814 (online) © 2011
J
URNAL
G
ENERIC
 Abstract
— This paper presents mathematical integration of Zernike Moments and United Moment Invariant for extractingprinted insect images. These features are further mining forgranular information by investigating the variance of Inter-class and intra-class. The results reveal that the proposedintegrated formulation yield better analysis compared toconventional Zernike moments and United Moment Invariant.
 Keywords
— Feature Extraction, Granular Mining, Inter-class, Intra-class, Pattern Recognition, United MomentInvariant, and Zernike Moment Invariant,
I.
 
I
NTRODUCTION
 he mathematical concept of moments has been aroundsince 1960s. Some of them are used for mechanics andstatistics to pattern recognition and image understanding.Past few years, there were many researchers on momentfunctions have been explored in pattern recognition such asUnited Moment Invariant, Aspect Moment Invariant and etc.The techniques have been investigated to improveconventional regular moment by proposing the scaling factorof geometrical function that has been proposed by Hu [1].However, previous studies reveal that there are weaknessesin Hu’s scaling factor [2].Table 1 shows previous studies on enhancement of Moment Invariants from year 1962 to year 2008. All theproposed techniques are based on the drawbacks of Geometric Moment Invariants. Some of the drawbacks are:1)
 
Not sensitivity to image noise, aspect of informationredundancy and capability for image representation [6].2)
 
Lose scale invariance in discrete condition [7].3)
 
Not good in boundary condition [4].4)
 
Error if the data are unequally scaling data [8].On the other hand, [3] has proposed United MomentInvariant (UMI) that was based on the Geometric MomentInvariant (GMI) [3], and it was derived to improve themoment invariants of [4]. UMI was developed to handlewith the images with boundary and shape representation.The remainder of this paper is organized as follows:Section II describes related work on Geometric MomentInvariants in pattern recognition. Section III describes an
1
Norsharina Abu Bakar was in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; e-mail:norsharina85@gmail.com).
2
Siti Mariyam Shamsuddin is professor at Department of ComputerGraphics & Multimedia, Faculty of Computer Science & InformationSystems, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (e-mail: mariyam@utm.my/ sitimariyams@gmail.com).
3
Maslina Darus is professor at Pusat Pengajian Sains Matematik,Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. (e-mail:maslina@pkrisc.cc.ukm.my).
integration of Zernike moments with United MomentInvariant, while Section IV presents the sample data of thestudy. Section V introduces the concept of inter-class andintra-class, and provides the experimental results andanalysis of the proposed approach. Finally Section VI givesthe conclusion of the study.
TABLE I. T
RENDS OF
M
OMENT
I
NVARIANT
D
ERIVATION
B
ASED ON
G
EOMETRIC
F
UNCTION
 Year Researcher Technique1962 Hu Geometric Moment Invariant1980 Teague Zernike Moment Invariant1980 Teague Legendre Moment Invariant1992 Flusser and Suk Affine Moment Invariant1993 Chen Improve Moment Invariant1994 Feng And Keane Aspect Moment Invariant2000 S. M. Shamsuddin Higher Order CentralizedScale – Invariant2001 R.Mukundan Tchebichef Moment Invariant2003 Yinan United Moment Invariant2003 Yap Krawtchouk MomentInvariant2007 A.K. Muda, S.MShamsuddin, M. DarusHigher Order United ScaledInvariants2008 A.K Muda Aspect United MomentInvariant
II.
 
R
ELATED
W
ORK OF
M
OMENT
I
NVARIANT
 Various studies have been conducted on improvement of the algorithms for United Moment Invariant and ZernikeMoment Invariant. In 1934, F. Zernike introduced ZernikeMoments, and later, in 1980, this technique was applied byM.Teague for digital images [5]. Consequently, there aremany applications on using ZMI have been explored (TableII).Zernike moment has been proven better in terms of offering the ability of features and sensitivity to the noisyphase low despite its complex calculation. Its representationin terms of a concentrated moment is given as follows [5]:
( )
12002
321
 ZM 
η η π 
= + −
 
( )
2222002112
94
 ZM 
η η η π 
= − +
 
( ) ( )
223032130122
163
 ZM 
η η η η π 
= − + +
 
( ) ( )
224032130122
1443
 ZM 
η η η η π 
= − + +
 
An Integrated Formulation of Zernike Invariantfor Mining Insect Images
Norsharina Abu Bakar
1
, Siti Mariyam Shamsuddin
2
, Maslina Darus
3
 
T
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