S3.

BAT PHUONG TRINH MU

vA LOGARIT

I. KIl~N TIIUC BAN ~~~n-g~e-'<f=I=}a=?n====~==-===--~==-=~-====-=====-=====-=====~~11 . INil phuuug triult mil ~ i

co

*
*

Bflt phuong trinh mil co ban co dang: a'

I I I

> b (a> 0,

(I

=I-

1) (hoac aX ~ b, aX < b, a' :::;b ).

Ccich gidi: Ta xct hat phuong trinh dang •

a' > b

Neu b :S 0, lftp nghicm cua bftt phuong trinh

El lR , VI a' > b, Vx E lR.

'I

Neu h > 0:

I
.

+ Vdi (/ > 1. a' > b

" + V l11 O < a < 1 ,

¢::>

a' > a1og"h

¢::>

¢::>

x > log b
~J

>b

a ' > a log "h

¢::>

x < IogJ

I) .

b. Blil phuang trill" liigarit

Bftt phuong trinh logarit co hiin co dang:

log" x > b (a> 0, a (hoac log a X .

~

=I-

1)
U

b, log x < b, log x:::; b).

(I

I II
I

Cach gidi: X6t hat phirong trlnh

log" x > b .
¢::>

• •

Trtrdng hop (/ > 1, ta co: log" x > b

x > a" .
¢::>

Truong h0P 0 < a < 1, ta co: log" x > b

0 < x < a" .

2. Cac phuung pluip giai a. Phuong phrip dua vt: cung co s6. b. Phuong ph.ip c1i~t fin phu, c. Phirong ph.ip logarit hoa.
L

I
I,

d. Phuong philp st1 dung t1nh c16ng hien hay nghich bien ctia ham s6.

II. PHUONG PIIAP GIAI CAC Df\NG TOAN THUONG Gf\P a. D~NG I: Giai Ml pltuaug trinh mil

va liigarit

blYlIg pliuang pluip

dua vi? cuug co st/

Dung cac phcp bien (16i v0 lily thira va logarit dua phtrong trinh v0 mot trong c.ic dung

• «" 1) ? ad1)
i.

NC:u a > 1 thl:

a1(1) ~ag(x)

¢::>

I(x)~g(x).
141

ii. Ncu

< a < 1 thi:

af(x)

af(x)

~ aK(x) ~

f(x)

g(x).

iii. T6ng quat:

~ ag(x) ~

{(a>

a-I

0)[ ()

fx-gx

()]

~o
>

log" f(x)

~ log" g(x) f(x) ~ log" g(x) ~ f(x) f(x) ~ log" g(x) ~

i. Ncu a > 1 thl: log"

ii. Ncu 0< a < 1 thl: log"

iii. Tling quat: log"

f(x) ~ log" g(x) ~

a.I. Cdc vi du mill" lura Vi du 1. a. 2 b.

x

°
=F

~ g(x}
< I

°
~

f(x)

~ g(x)

a O,a >

f(x) > O,g(x)>

(a -I)[f(x)

-g(x)]

Giai cac bat phirong trlnh sau:

+ 2x+1 ~ 3' + y-I

(1) (Dai hoc Qudc gia Hit NQi, 1996)

(HQc vien Quan y, 1995)

(J2 + 1)'+1 ~ (J2 -1 )X~I (2)

Cia; a.(I)~2'(1+2)~3\
b. Dicu kicn: x
=F

( 1+31) I.

( 9 ( ~"2 3 )' ~4~"2 ( 3 )' ~"23 )2 ~x~2.

Nh(tn xct:

(J2 + 1)( J2 -1) = 1~ (J2 -I) = (J2 + I( J2 + 1r+

+ x -I
1 ~ (

Do do: (2) ~ (

J2 + 1

r\~;~
J5

x + 1~ - x ~ 1 -I +

~
Vi du 2. a. 2x'-21+2 b.
142
,-I

x2

x-I

~°~

-1-

x~

J5

hay x > 1 .

Giai cac bat phircng trlnh sau:

+ 1"+3 > 22x'-2x + 32

1

(1)

(X2 + 2x + 1)1+1 ~

(2)

Giai a. (1) ~

1'2.2,'-2,
X

- 4.1"-2.< + 32 - 8.2x2 < 0

~ 2 '-2X.(
~,

1'2 -4)-8.( 0

z-' {2X2
2

-4)

<0~

(1"
{1'2

-4)( > 22

1'2_lx -8) < 0

2'2 -4>

{ 2,-2x_8<0

hay

-4 < 0
~,

2'-2'_8>0 <2
-

2,-2'<23 >2
-

hay,

{1'2
2
C-2x

< 22 >23

X2 { x2
X {

>2
-

2x < 3

hay

{X2
x
2

2x > 3

{X2
x
2

2x - 3 < 0

hay

{X2
x
2

<2
-

2x - 3 > 0

<

-J2

vx>

J2 J2

-1<x<3 < x < 3 hay -

I lay

{-J2

<x <

J2 J2

x<-lvx>3

~ J2

< x < -1

V~Y nghiern ella bal phuong trlnh la:

J2

< x < 3 hay -

< x < -1.

~{~x::~xt::)so ~[~~:::-l
V~Y, nghiern

ella bat phuong trlnh la: -2 ~ x < -1 hay 0 ~ x ~ 1 .

Vi du 3.

Giai cac bat phirong trlnh sau:

2x -1 1 a. log, -< -x+ 1 2 h. log ,

(1) 0 (2)

(Dai hoc Van h6a Ha N0i, 1998) (Di.li hoc ThllY lQi Hft N0i, 1997)

(log3lx -

31) ~

Cia; 1 2x -1 a. (1)~-log2--<-2 x+l 2x-l ~log2--<-1 2 x+l

143

2 2x <=>logo --x - I < log" (-I J' <=>0 < -- -I < -I - .r +I -2 x+I 2

<=>

1 2;-+-1 >0 x-I --<0 x+1

A A '

jX<-l hay x>_!_ I <=> 2 <=>--<x<1 2 +l c r x l

at p h uong trlnh la: -1

"h V <,I ng I111;m cua y,

A

<x <I,

h. (2)<=>0<log3Ix-31::;1

(do

0<--<1) e

<=>{

<

0::;x::;6

2v x > 4 . <=>0 ::; x < 2 hay 4 <

trlnh Ill: 0::; x

x ::;6
< 2 hay 4 < x::; 6_

Vay, nghicrn ella bilt phuong

Vi du 4.

Gifii cae bilt phirong trinh sau:

a. log)

-J x2

- X-

6 + log

I 3

-J x -

3 > log I (x + 2)
3

(I)

(Dai hoc Giao thong V ~n tiii, 2000)

I I

h. (4' -12_2'+

32 )_log2 (2x -I)::; 0 (2)

(Hqe vi¢n Quan h¢ Quoe

te,

199X) I

Cia;

rx2
a. Di0uki¢n:

-x,-6

>0
¢:>x>3,

)X-3>0 x+2>0

Khi<l():

(1)<=>_!_log3(X2--x-6)-_!_log3(x-3»--logJ(x+2) 2 2 <=>log}

[(x-3)(x

+ 2)J -log,

(x -3) > --2 log) (x + 2)

<=>log) (x - 3) + log, (x + 2) -log) (x - 3) > -2 log, (x + 2) <=>log)(x+2»O

So sanh <li6u kicn, ta eo nghiern

<=>x+2>1<=>x>-1
ella bflt phircng trinh:

x > 3,

144

b. (2) ~ { log, (2x -1) ~ 0

4 -12.2'+3220

hay

{4X-12.2X+32~O

log, (2x -1) 2 0

2X ~ 4 v 2x 28 {4 ~ 2' ~ 8 ~{ hay ~ o < 2x - 1 ~ 1 2x - 1 2 1

{X ~
1

2" < x ~ 1

2 v X 2 3 hay {2 ~ x ~ 3
x21

1 ~ - < x ~ 1 hay 2 ~ x ~ 3 2
v(ty, nghicrn ella hat phuong trlnh Iii: _!_

< x ~ 1 hay 2 ~ x ~ 3,

Vi du 5.

Giai cac hat phuong trlnh sau:

a. log(3'_X') (3-x) log(X2 -3x+2)

b.

>1 >2

(1)

(D<,li

hoc Nang Him Tp.HCM, 1993)

logx+ log2

(2)

(D,~i hoc KiC'n true Hii N0i, 1997)

Ciai
(2)

Truanv

11(11) .~. 1: 3x - x- > 1 ~

~

3-15

<x <

3+15

(*)

(2) ~ 3 - x > 3x - x2 ~x<l hayx>3=>

x" - 4x + 3 > 0
(OJ

3-15

2
o

<x<1 3-fS

(a) hay -3+fS

Tn(1111 IWI)

~.
(I

2: 0 < 3x -:c < 1~ 0 < x < -Xl ~

< x < 3 (" *)

(2) ~
~

0 < 3 - x < 3x 1 <x<3

x" - 4x

+3 < 0
(b)

=>

(OOj

3 +15 2

<x<3

KC't hop (a) va (h), ta c6 t~p nghicm ella bat phuong trlnh:

(3-2v'5 ;1)u(3+2v'5 ;3)

145

b. (2)

log ( x2
<.~

3x + 2)

log x + log 2

> 2 <=> log, (X2 - 3x + 2) > log? (4x2)· ' _x jx > 0

<=> x2

2X > 0 - 3x + 2 > 0 (2x -1) ( x

2 -

<=> x < 1 hay x > 2

)

3x + 2 - 4x2

>0

(2x -1) ( 3x2 + 3x -3+-133

2) < 0
1 2

hay x>2 <=> -3--133 -3+-133 {x < hay 662

O<X<1 Vay, nghiern ciia bat phuong trlnh la: a.2. MI)l so' bai lijp dp dung co Illi gidi a.2.1. D~ bai Bili 1. Giai cac phtrong trinh sau: b
x-I

1 <=> <x <-3+-133

<x<-

1 < x < -.

1 1 >H2 . 5),2+5x-6 - 5

c.

4'+1

sO, 25.32x-1

d. (X2 + 2x + 3

r;1 z 1
\-1

Bili 2. Tim t~p xac dinh cua cac ham so sau:

a. y

= In (Xl
log

- 5x + 6) 3x -1 ---3 x +2

b. = Y

0,3

c. (*) y = )log2 (Xl + 2 ).log(l_x) 2 - 2

d. (*)y

= )IOgHI (6+5x-x2)-2

Hili 3. (*) Giai

a. log

cae btt

phirong trinh sau:

(DG du bi D2 _ 2007)

~2x2 - 3x + 1 + .!.log2 (x _1)2 ~.!. 2 2

-

b.Tog , x+2Iogl(x-I)+logl6s0
4

(D~ du' bi B2 _ 2003) (D~ du bi AI _ 2(06).

c. logHI ( -2x) > 2

146

d.log,2

Ix-2! (4X-2) 22I

X2 + X)
X

(Dai h9C Sir pharn Vinh, 1999).

c. logO.7 [ log,
f . Iogl

+4

<0 0

(Kh6i B - 2008).

X2 -

3x + 2
X

(Kh6i D - 2008) .

(De du hi B2 - 2004) (1.2.2. Lui giai Hui 1. Gidi cac phirong trlnh sau: a.
152\+3

3r+7.53x~1

<=> 32X+3.52\+3

3'+7.53x~1

<=> J'~4 2 5'~4 <=> ( h.

'5

3 )X~4

2 I <=> X

42 0 <=> X 2 4.

r2+5x~6

..

I 2-H2

x:S

-6 hay

I
<=>1:Sx:SIO.

<=> x2-2
{

x:S 10 (1)

c. 4HI :S 0,25.32r~'
Dicu kicn x '" ± 1
2(r~l)

5x

2x-2

3x+2

(I)<=>

2-;~' :S T2.2 ~I <=> 2;~1 :S 2 -,-I 2x-2 3x+2 x2+9x

x -I
2

<=>

:S--<=> .r +! x-I

<=> -I

[X :S-9

<x:S

x >I
147

d.

(Xl

+ 2x + 3
(Xl Xl

F+I ~ 1
x-I

+ 2x + 3

F~I ~ (
x-I

X2

+ 2x + 3

r
X
-I

+ 2x + 3> 0
?

{ x-

)(X-l)+ 1 + 2x + 3 -1
X -

~--~O~ ~0 X +1

[X

<-I

X~

Rai 2. Tim t~p xac dinh ciia cac ham s6 sau:

a. y

= In (X2

5x + 6) ,

Ham s6 xac dinh khi

X2 -

5x + 6 > 0 ~

[X

<2 x>3

V~yt~px'ledjnhel"ahams61a:

D=(-oo

; 2)u(3

+00),

h. Y

logo 3

3x - I
--

, x+2

3 3x -1 5 -, x+2 3x-l
-

' ~', Ham so xac d' h khi I 1n lOgo

3~ 0

~ log, -~3~ 0<--:::;(-)·~ 3x-1

x+2

23x-IO
x+2

:::;

/2

x+2

3x-l -->
x+2

-2 < X ~

:::;

_!2_
23

1
'"

<-2 hayx>"3

~ .!_ < X 1 3

:::;

_!2_

23
0 = (.!_3 ', 23] ' 1

Yay tap xac dinh ciia ham s61a: D

c. Y =

~IOg2

(Xl

+ 2) ,log(2_X)

2- 2

Ham s6 xac dinh khi: log,

(X2

+ 2),

log(2_X)

2- 2~ 0 hay

~Iog
148

(2-x)

(x2+2)~2

2-X>

I
?

{O < 2-x
X
2

<

I
X

{ x-? + 2 ~ (2)-

(2 + 2 :::; -

)-

<=> {X < \ hay {I < Xl < 2 <=> _!_ ~ X < 1 hay X

x~-

x~-

0 <=> _!_ ~ x < 1

2

A .~ ',~' A' V ay, nucn xac urn h cua h'am so I' a: D

-r

[ ="2;1

1)

d.

y=Jlognl(6+Sx-x2)-2
Ham so xac dinh khi: Ibgx+1 (6 + Sx - x2)
-

2~0

<=> log,+1 ( 6 + Sx - x2 ) ~ 2 <=> {

x>

X+1>I 6+Sx-x7

~(x+ 1)

hay

{O<X+l<l 0 <6+Sx_:x- ~(x+ 1)

7

<=> { 2 2x -3x-5

<0
-

hay

{-I < x < 0

x2
-

Sx - 6 < 0 ~0

<=> {X > 0

-I~x~-

shay 2
',~'

{=:::::
?

2X2

-3x-S

<=> 0 < X ~
( 5] = \_0 ;"2

x ~ -1 hay x ~ 2, S

V <.IY, rrucn xac urn h cua h' so I' D am '" a:

A • ~

Bui 3. Giai
U.

cae
I
2

helt
1

phirong trlnh sau:

Iog . v2x-

-3x+1

1 +"21og2(X-I)

1 2':"2 (I)
I

Dicu kicn:
.~ 'A

{2X2-3X+l>0 x ;e I
2

<=>x < - hay x > 1 2

2

(1) <=>--log2(2x

1 2

1 -3x+l)+-log2(x-l) 2

1 2':2

<=> 1 + log , (2x2 - 3x + 1)::;; log2 (x _1)2 <=> log2 [ 2(2x 2 - 3x + 1)] ::;;log , (x __1)2 <=>2(2x2-3x+l)::;;(x-l)2<=>3x2-4x+ <=> So
Vt11

1::;;0

1
=

s x s l.
A A

" uicu kiicn, ta co ng rem cua at p h uong tnn h I'a: -::;; x < -1 . ,~.~ S nzhi "h'" ' 1 .. 3 2 149

h. Di0u kicn: x > I . Ta co: log <=>-log2

IX
-

+ 210g

I 4

(x -I) + log, 6 :s; 0

X

-log2
X

(x

-I) + log, 6 :s; 0 <=> log,

+ log,

(x

-I) ~ log} 6
hay 3.
X~

<=> log, [x(

-I) ] ~ log, 6 <=> x2

-.x - 6 ~ 0 <=> x:S; -2

X~

So vdi di0u kicn, ta co nghiern cua bat phuong trinh: c. Di0u kien:
.

{-2X
X

+ 1 > 0,

>0

+ 1 :;t: 1

. <=> -1 <

X <0

Khi do: 0

< x +1< 1

Do do: log,+1 ( -2x) > 2 <=> 0 < - 2x < ( x + 1 <=>

-I < x < 0 { x < -2 - Jj

t
?

{-I

<x < x2+4x+l>0

0
<=>-2+Jj <x<O

<=>

hay x > -2+

Jj

V~y nghiern cua bat phirong trinh lil: -2 d.

+ Jj < x < O.

log, (4x-2- 2jJ ~ 2 x .\ j

Di0u kicn:

_l_

(1)

4x-2 -->0 jX-2j

Khido:

x:;t <=> x:;t±1 1. x>-,x:;t:2 2 ~Iogr'

2 ()~ X
2

<=>

{Ix>-

2 x:;tl,x:;t2

(i) <=>Iogr,

4X-2J ( jx-2j

2 <=>( x _1

)(4X-2 jx_2j-X

~O

(2)

+ Vdi x > 2 (*): (2) <=>( x2 -I) ( 4x - 2 - x) ~ 0 <=> (X2 -1) (X2 - 6x + 2) :s; 0 x-2 <=>-1 :s; x :s; 3 (0)

J7 hay
(a)

I:S; x :s; 3 +

J7

:=;,2<x:S;3+J7
150

I + Vdi - < x < 2,x *1 (**): 2

(2)

¢:;>

2 (X2 -1)( ~X_-X - x ) 20

-1-

¢:;>

(X2

-I)

(Xl + 2x 21

2) 2 0

¢:;> X ~
(00)

Jj

hay -1 s

s -I

+ Jj hay x
(b)

I 2 hay l<x<2

=>-<x~-I+Jj

Kc't h(JP (a) va (b), ta eo nghiern cua btt phtrong trlnh: _!_ < x s -1 2 e. logo 7 ( log, ,
¢:;>

+ Jj hay 1 < x < 2 hay 2 < x s 3 + 17.

X2 + x+4

xJ < 0
x2 + x x+4 x>8
.

log, x2
-

x2 +x x+4
5x - 24

> 1 ¢:;>

>6

¢:;>

x+4

> 0 ¢:;>

[-4 < x <-3

V~y t~p nghiern cua ba't phuong trlnh la: (-4 ; - 3) u (8 ; + 00 )

f. log

x2 2
I

3x

+2

20
0 <x <1
¢:;>

Xl - 3x + 2 > 0 x 2 x - 3x + 2 ~ 1 x

x>

¢:;>

[2 - J2 ~ x < 1
2 <x <2

[x < 0 2-J2~x~2+J2

+ J2 + J2)

V~y t~p nghicrn ciia ba't phuong trlnh Hi: (2 g. Ta eo: log,,: [log2 (X+.J2X2
4

J2 ; 1) u (2

;2

-x)]

<0
¢:;>

¢:;>

log, (x+.J2X2

-x)

> 1 ¢:;> X+.J2X2 -x > 2

.J2X2 -x > 2-x

¢:;>

{ 2x

2- x <0
2

- x 20

hay

{2 - x 2 0
2x
2

- x > (2 - x

t
J

151

<=>

x> 2 {X
::;

0vx 2

"2

I hay

{x::; 2
xJ

+ 3x - 4 > 0
hay x

<=> x > 2

hay

x::; 2 [x <-4 { x < -4 v x > I <=> x > 2 hay I < x::; 2 <=> x < -4
cua ba't phuong trinh la:

>I

V(Ly nghiern

x < -4

hay

x> 1.

a.3. Mi)l

stI luu j khi gidi dang todn

phap

/lay trmh dang nay, nhung trinh,

a) Day lA phirong

co ban 06 gid i bftt phuong hoac ba't phuong

chi giai duoc mot sf) khong phirong trinh logarit, b) Can chii

nhieu cac ba't phuong

o[)i vci hftl

trinh mfi c6 co s[) chua

an thl ncn

o~t oi6u kicn 06 phirong trinh c6 nghia r6i hay eli bien el6i.

y ta
=F

ra't hay nham khi ap dung nh6m cong thirc nay:

Neu 0 < a
I.

I,

b.b, > 0 thl

log, ib,i + log" ib2i ;

log, (b,b2)

ii. log" ~~ iii. log" b"

= =

log" ib,i- log" ib21; 2k.loga!bl,

Z+, b

=F

O.

b. D~NG 2: Phuong pluip dijl ttll phu b.l. Cdc vi du mill" hoa
Vi du 1. Giai cac ba't phirong trlnh sau:

a.

(I)~ (I»'
"3 +3'"3
2.3' - 2<+2 <_ I

>12

(D,~i hoc Van h6a HA NQi, 1996)

b.----

3' - 2'

(HQc vicn Hanh chinh Quoc gia , 2(01)

cut
a.
(

"3)

I, 2

+3'"3

()~+'
i
.r

> 12

Di6u kicn: x
152

=F

0.

D;} 1

t = (~

J' .t >

0 . Ta diroc phtrong trinh:

t2+t-)2>O

<=>(>3 (1)-1

(do

c- O)

=> ( '3

I):

>3=

'3

I x-i-I <=>~ < -I <=>-x- < 0 <=>-1 < x < 0 x < O.

V(ty, nghicm

ciia hill phtrong trlnh la: -I <

h.

2.3' - 21+2 3' -

2'

2.2 < I <=>-~'--2

(3)'

(3)"

-4 ~I -I

D;}l

(=

"2 (3)'

.t > O. Ta
t(-1

co hal

phirong trlnh:

--

2t I-I

4 ~ I <=>-- 3 ~ 0 <=>1 <

trlnh sau:

t~3

=> I < -

(3)'
2
2

~ 3 <=>0 < x ~ log 3

3 1

v(ty, nghicm

cua hill phirong trlnh la: 0

< x ~ log , 3.

i- (15
H.

IVi

du 2.

Giiii cac hill phuong

31+1- 221+1-122 +1

r'+\

< 0 (HQc vicn Cong ngh(; BCVT, 1998)

+ r\'+1+1 < 3.(

15 -I

r'+\.

i I

Gidi a. 31+1_221+1_122
.r

<0
r .r

<=>3.92.r -2.162
,\

'::

-122

<0<=>3-2'"9

(16)2

-"3

(4)7

<0

D~l 1= (

4\2

"3)

.t > O. Ta

co bat

phuong

trinh:

2ro + I - 3> 0 <=> I > 1 (do l> 0)

V,}y, nghicrn

=>"3

(4)~

>1

="3

(4)°

<=>x > o.

cua hilt phirong trlnh la: x> O. 153

h.

(J5 + I

+x

+ rhx+1

< 3.( J5 -I

r<
+x

+x

<=:>

( J5-1
--

J5 + 1]_·,2

+.\

¢> (

,Js2+ I

t"

(2 +2. -H) + 2{

)_X

J5-1
,Js2+ I

-3<0

H ~ 3<0

Ta

co bat
t
2

phuong trlnh:
<=:>

+ 2t - 3 < 0

0 < t < I (do t> 0)

Vay, nghicm ciia ba't phirong trlnh la: x < 0 hay x > I.

Vi du 3.
_.\

Giai cac bat phirong trlnh sau:

a. logo 64

+ log, 16 ;:::3
_\

(D~i hoc Y Ha N0i, 1997)

h. ~log2

2X

+ log x2

> J5 (log4 x2
Gidi

3)

(D~i hoc Luat

Ha

N0i, 1999)

a. log.; 64

+ log<, 16;::: 3

(1)

Di0u kicn: { 2 x- >O,x:;tl

0

2X > 0, 2x:;t 1

<=:>

{x>

0 1 x:;t-,x:;tl 2
6

(1) <=:>

+---2;::: log, 2x log, X

-

log, 64

log) 16

<=:>

1+log, X O.

21og2 X

;::: <=:> 3

+--;::: 1+ log, X log, x

Dat t = log, x vdi t

154

:;t

-I, t

:;t

Ta

eo bftt
6 l+t

phirong trlnh:

+ - 2 3 <=>
t

3t2

St - 2

t(t+l)

~ 0 <=> -1 < t ~ --

1 3 -

hay 0 < t ~ 2

1 ~ -I < log, x ~ - - hay 0 < log?

3

X~

<=> - < x ~ 2
So sanh di6u kien, ta

co nghiern

ifi

hay 1 < x ~ 4
cua btl phuong trinh:

- < x ~ -r: hay 1 < x ~ 4.

~2

b.

log/ x

+ log I x2
2

> .J5 [Iog,

X-

x2

3)

(2)

Di6u kicn: x> O.

(2)

<=> ~Iog/

x - 210g2
.

>.J5 (log"

x - 3)

D~l t

= log2 X

Ta

co btt

phirong trlnh:

~t2-2t-3>.J5(t-3)

<=>

{t

3<0 hay t: - 2t - 3 2 0
?-

{t 23
2

t - 2t - 3 > S (t - 3)

<=>

t < -1 hay t 2 3 hay { t<3

{t 2 3
t"-7t+12<O X

<=> t ~ -1 hay 3 < t < 4

1

~ log?

X~

-1 hay 3 < log?

< 4 <=> 0 < x ~ - hay 8 < x < 16 2

cua bal phirong trinh:

So sanh di6u kicn, La

(O;~]U(8
VI du 4. a. log,
4

eo l~pnghicm
;16).

Giai cac btl phirong trinh sau:

x -log

i [X3 J +.910g 8"

2

(32) < x
2

410g ~2 x

(D<.ti hoc Eli chinh KC"loan H?t NOi, 1999) b. (logxS+log4x2)log2ili;;::o (D6dlfbjA -2007)
j

J
155

Cia; a. IOg24

x -log

i (x3 J + 91og 8
2

(32) x
2

< 410g ~2 x

(1)

Di6u kicn:
¢;

x>0.

log: x -log,' ( x;
X-

J + 910g,C~) < 4 log,' x

3)2 + 9 (5 - 21og2 x) < 4log/ x

<=> log/ x - (31og2 <=> log] 4 x -13iog/

D~t

x + 36 < 0

iog22

X,

t ;::: . Ta eo hflt phirong trinh: O

t2 -13t + 36 < 0

<=> 4 < t < 9 => 4 < IOg22 X < 9

<=> {lOg] x < -2 hay log, x > 2

-3 < log, x < 3 ( I x < 4" hay x> 4 I
8

I
4

<=>

18

-<x<8

<=> - < x < - hay 4 < x < 8

So sanh di6u kien, ta

co nghiern

cua ha't phirong trlnh:

I 1 - < x < - hay 4 < x < 8. 8 4

h. (log , X + log , x2) log2
Di6u kien: 0

Ex ~0

(2)

<x

1 + log2 x
X

(2) <=> (3. log x 2 + log2 x ). .!..log2 2x ~ 0 <=>(_3_ 2 log2

f)~11

1(1 + log2 x) ~ ()
)

= log-x (t

0), ta eo:

(3 t+t ) (l+t)~O

<=> [3+t -t-

2 ]

(l+t)~O<=>

tr I -t-~O <=>I:s:-l

hoa c

c- O

SUy ra log2X :s:-1 hoac log2x > 0 <=> O:s: x :s:

1 2'

hoac x > 1.
0 < x :s:

So voi di6u kicn ta 156

co nghiern

cua ba't phirong trlnh:

hay x > 1.

b.2. Mf)t

srI bai

fijI' dp dung

co

iili gidi

h.2./. D~ hai Bai 1. Gidi cac hat phirong trlnh sau:

h. 9"
C.

-2.1 -

2.(

1r

, "'x-x2

s3

(86

du bi A2 - 20(6) Sir ph,~111 H?t N0i, 2(00)

32'

8.JI+~

- 9.9.[;+"4 > 0

(8<_lihoc (80

d. ~15.2x+1
Bai 2.
(*)

I ~12x -II + 2x+1

S1

dir hi A2 - 2003)

Giai cac hflt phuong trlnh sau:

(80 Khoi B - 20(2) (80 (80

a. log, (log; (9' -72))

h. log I (4' + 4) ~ log I (22r+1 - 3.2')

C. log,
X

du bi AI

2(02)

> log, 3

du hi A2 - 2(04)

h.2.2. Uii giiii Bai 1. Giai cac phirong trlnh sau:

a. 8i0u kicn: x > 0 8iU t = -logo

I 2

x ~ x =2 .

21

Ta

UU(,1C

phuong trinh:
I., 0 t <~ 2.11 <=> 2 +1 ~ 231 <=> 2r - 3t + 1 ~ 0 <=> - 2

2. ( 221)

2r

t~ 1

1 1 -10 x <-=> 2 g2 - 2 <=>llog2xSI 1 L log, X [ -log2 X S 1 2

1

<=>[O<XS2 2 x~4

V~y nghicrn cua bat phuong trinh la: 0 < x S 2 hay x ~ 4,

, h. Ta co: 9,--2x -

( 2'3 1)2X-

X2
S 3 <=> 9,'-2x - 2.3"-2x S3
157

D~t

t = 3,'-2,
t2
-

(t

> 0), ta duoc:

2t - 3 ~ 0 <=> -1 ~ t ~ 3 ~ 0 < t

s3

~ 3,'-2x ~ 3 <=> X2 - 2x ~ 1 <=> x2 - 2x -1 ~ 0 <=> 1V~y nghicm

C.

cua bflt phirong trlnh la: 1-

J2 ~ x ~ 1 + J2 J2 ~ x ~ 1 + J2 .

32'

8.3,+;;;4 - 9.9;;;4 > 0 <=> 32{x-;;;4) - 8.3,-;;;4 - 9> 0 ' = 3,-),+4 ,t>. 0 T a eo'b at p h uong tnn h :
A '

Dat t

t2

8t - 9 > 0 <=> t > 9 (do

> 0) <=> 3'-;;;4 > 9 <=> x - -Jx + 4 > 2

<=>-Jx+4 <x-2

<=> x-2>O x+4«x-2)2

X+4 ~ 0

<=> {
V~y, nghicm

X> 2
2

-5x

>0

<=>x>5. > 5.

cua btlt phirong trlnh la: x

d. D~t: t = 2', t>

o.
<=> -J30t+1 ~lt-II+2t
(*)

Ta eo: .J15.2x+1 +1 ~12x -11+2'+1 + Xet () < t < 1 (a) (*)<=>-J30t+i <=> t2
-

~t+l

<=>30t+1~(t+1)2
(u)

28t ~ 0 <=> 0 ~ t ~ 28 ~ 0 < t < 1 ~ 0 < 2' < 1 <=> x < 0

+ Xet t ~ 1(b) (*)<=>-J30t+l ~3t-l <=>30t+I~(3t+l)2

(h)

<=> [2 _ 4t ~ 0 <=> 0 ~ t ~ 4 ~ 1 ~ t ~ 4 ~ 1 ~ 2' ~ 4 <=> 0 ~ x ~ 2

Tir cac tnrong hop tren, ta eo nghicm Bal 2. Giai cac bat phirong trlnh sau: cua bat phirong trinh la:

x~2.

o < x;t:
a. DiGu kicn:

9' -72

>?

<=> X > log') 73

log1(9' -72»0

158

Khi do: log (log]

(9

72)) :S I <=> log, ( log) (9' - 72)) :S log, x

<=> log) <=> 32x

_

(9

72) :S x 72 :S 0

3x

<=> J' :S 9 <=> x :S 2

So vdi di6u kicn, ta e6 nghiern cua bat phtrong trlnh HI: log') 73 < x :S 2.

b. log! ( 4' + 4) ~ log! ( 22x+1- 3.2')

2
X

<=> 4 + 4:S 22<+1- 3.2' <=> 4' - 3.2' -4 ~ <=>

2X :S -1 (vo nghiem) [ 2x
~

°
<=>
log2 x-I

4
=t:.

<=>x~2

c. Di~u kien: x > 0, x

Ta e6: log) x > log, 3

<=> log} x > --

log} X

.!_:S x < 1 <=> 3

x~3 1 V~y nghiern cua bat phirong trinh la : -:S x < 1 hoac x ~ 3 .

log} x

>

b.3. M{)t

srI luu y

khi gidi dang todu lIay

a) Day 101phirong phap rat hay dung dG gidi bat phuong trinh mil va Icgarit. ta khco leo d~t fin phu thich hop d6 dua bat phtrong tri.ih v0 dang dai s6 vdi fin moi, giiii bat phuong trlnh nay tim nghicrn thC"VaG ta sc diroc bat phirong trlnh eo bdn hoac bflt phuong trinh don giiin han. b) Khi d~t fin phu ta can dZit di6u kicn thich hop cho fin mdi, d6 rut ng,ln but d de birdc giai ticp thea va nhftt 101 trong cac bai phai bien luan sf) nghiern cua bat phirong trlnh.

c. D~NG 3: Phuong pluip ltigarit luia c.l. Cdc vi du minh hoa

x-I

Vi du 1.

Gia: bat phuong

trinh sau: 4'.27'

> 576.
159

Gia;
I-I

4'.27'\

> 576
7:

(1)

Di6u kien: x
(1) <=>

0.

3(,-1)

4'.3

.r

> 43.32 <=> 3

.

~x-U_2
x

> 43-\ <=> 3~- > 43-x 3 > (3 -

x-3

<=> log, 3

\-3
.r

> log, 43-, <=> --

XX

X)

log, 4

~ (x -

3)( I + 2x) > 0 ~ [ : : ~ ~

Y fly tflr nghicm cua hilt phuong trinh: ( - 00 ; - ~ ) U (3 ;

+ 00) .

Vi du 2.
'----------

Giili hftt phirong trlnh sau: 1251+2 ::;225.32-\

J'

au:
I

125~-2 ::; 225.32-x

Di6u kicn:
(I) ~
X 7:

(1)

-2 .

5,',i -z

,;

3'-' ~ log, [ 5;;;

J ,; log, (3'-' )
x+2

x-4 <=> --

x+2

::; ( 4 - x) log, 3 <=> (x - 4) ( -- 1 + log, 3 ) ::;0

(X+2)log53+1 ( ) x+2 ::;0
::; 0 (nhan hai

( <=>x-4 )

<=> <=>

(X -

4) (x + 2 + log3 5)

(x + 2)

vc vci log, 5 > 1 > 0 )

(x-4)(x+ x+2
(-00;

log 45) 3::;

(j

0 (Clui y: -2 < leg, 45 < 4)

X6t dilu hi6u thirc

vc trai, ta eo tftr nghiern ella hftt plnrong trlnh la:

4].

-2)u[log345;

160

c.2. Mi)t stl bai tq.p dp dung coliii gidi c.2.I. D~ bal Bai 1. Giai cac phuong trlnh sau: a. 35' < 53' ; b. 2,'-4 ~ 3,-2 ;

Bai 2. Giai cac bJl phirong trlnh sau:

a •. 5 x log,' > _x;
2

c. 2'.5' ::;0,2.( 10,-1

r.

c.2.2. LO'i giiii Hili 1. Giai cac phirong trlnh sau:

a. 35' < 53'

¢:::>

log) (3

sX

) < log) (53' )

¢:::>

5' < 3'.log3 5

¢:::>

(%J < log) 5

2) .log, 3

¢:::>

x < log~~ (log3 5)

5)).

V~y l~p nghiern ciia btl phirong trinh:

(-00 ; log7j [log,

b. 2,'-4 ~ 3'-2

¢:::>

x2

4~

(x -

¢:::>

(x- 2)(x + 2 -log2

3) ~

¢:::>

¢:::>

(x-

2)( x + log, ~) ~

x> 2
4

3 x < log, -

(do log, ~ < 2) 4

V~y l~p nghicm ciia btt phirong trlnh: c. x6.5-logxS > Di<3u kien

(-00 ; log, iJ u (2

00).

(l) ¢:::> logs ( x .5-log, S ) > logs ( 5-s )

6 ¢:::>

s'
<x

(1)

"* 1
5 > -5
¢:::>

o.Iog, x -log,

6log/
1

x + Slog, x-I> 5

¢:::>

lOgS < -1 x 1 log x> 5 6

lO < x < 5¢:::>

= _!_

x> 56 =

if5
161

Ke't hop di0u kicn 0

(O;±)U(~
x > O.

<x

"* 1 , v~y

t~p nghiern

ella bat phirong trlnh:

;+00).

Bui 2. Giai de bat plurong trinh sau: a. 5 .x1og,.1 2 x" ( 1)

Dicu kicn:

(I) <=>logs ( 5 .x1ug"

2 logs x" <=>1+ logs x.log, x 2 210gs x 20,

'l/x
(0 ;

<=> log," x-2Iog4x+120<=>(log4x-I)2

h.

So vdi dieu kicn, suy ra bat phirong trinh co t~p nghicrn:

+ 00).

x4.63 < 6log,

Di0u kien: 0

(2)

<x

"* 1
3 6)

(2) <=>log,

(X4

.6 ) < log, ( 6log,

<=>4.logiJ x + 3 < log, 6 <=>41og(,2 x+3Iog6x-l

1 4

<0
X

<=>-I < log, x < - <=>6-1 <

So voi dieu kicn 0

< 64

(*;

<x

"* 1, suy

ra bat phirong trlnh eo t~p nghicrn:

l)U(I; \16).

c. 2'.5

S;0,2.(IO,-'r
1

<=>10 S; J_.I 05(,-1) <=>Ig (10' ) S; Ig2_ + Ig 105(\-1) 5 10 <=>x S; Ig2 -I + 5x - 5 <=>4x 26 -Ig 2 <=>x 2 - - -Ig 2
2 4
Suy ra bal phtrcng trlnh co l~p nghicm:

3 [

"2 -

410g 2

c.3. M()l srI/tlll

•

khi gidi dang todn /lay

bat phirong trlnh co hai ve'deu dircng va la tich ella nhicu th0 dua vc cung co so, trlnh olin gidn hen da

Khi g~p de

luy thira eo co sf) va sf) mil khac nhau (khong hoac cung so mil diroc), ne'u lay logarit dira bflt phuong biC't each giai. 162 trlnh da: cho thanh bat phuong

voi co so thich hop ta eo th0

Ncu vice giiii h.l't phuong trlnh Iii kho khan thl ta hay chuycn h(t mOt v( r6i di xct dau bi0u thuc d v( trai thco phuong phap khoang, nrc Iii ta guy vice giiii mot phirong trlnh.

vc

vc

d. D~NC 4: Phuong pltdp .'IiIdung tinh dan di~ll ctia ham .'Ii)' d.l. Cdc vi du mill" hoa

IVi du

1.

Giiii bflt phtrong trlnh:

2'

< 32 + I.
(Dai hoc NgO •. i thuong, l Cia; 1995)

2' < 32r + 1 ~

(3)' + (I)'"4 - "4

X

.r

>1

.r

X6t f(X)=(%Y
Taco: f(2)=1
M~t khac:

+(±)2
Iii ham

f (x)

s6 nghich

bien.

Do do:

f (x)

> f (2) = 1~ x < 2

00 ;

V~y t~p nghicm cua hat phirong trlnh: (-

2).

Vi du 2.

Giai hflt phu(jng trinh: ----

i-' -2x+ 1
2' -I Cia;

~0 (D'.li I19CSir pham TP.HCM, 1991)

II
I

i-' -2x+1 ~O (I)

2' -I
Dicu kien: 2' -1 +

X6t x < 0:
Ta co:

7;

0~ x

7;

0.

i-' - 2x + 1 > 0 {2'-1<0

=>

21-,

2x + 1

2'-1

<0

=> x < 0 Iii nghiern ella bat phirong trlnh.

163

+ Xet x > 0: Ta co: Y -1 > 0 Do do: (I) <=>

f(x)

= i-x - 2x+

1::; 0

f'(x)=-i-xln2-2<0,Vx>0
M~t khac:

f(l) = 0
x
+00

Bang bien thicn:

f'lxt

o
------:).. • 00

Til' bang bien thien ta thty:

f(x)::;

<=> x;:::: 1
0)

V~y t,}p nghiern cila bflt phuong trlnh: (-co;

u [1 ; +co).

V'd u 3 I o.

G'?'b tal

A '

Inh at p h uong trin : x Z

+ 3logx>
2

X logS2

aut
XZ

+ 3log"

;::::xlog,s

(1)

Di6u kien: x > O. D~t t = log, x

(I) <=> (2'

=> x

= 2' .

+ 3' ;:::: (2'

tg,5 <=> 22, + 3' ;:::: (2'Og,5),

+

<=> 4' + 3' ;:::: <=> ( ~)' 5'

X6t:

(l)' ;::::
1 la ham sf) nghich bien.

f(t)=(~)'

M~t khac:

=> (~)' +

+(l)' =>f(2)=1 f (t) = (~)' (i)' (i)' ;:::: f (t);:::: f

+ 1 <=>

(2) <=> t ::;2 => log, x::; 2 <=> 0 < x::; 4

V~Y t~ P nghiern cua bKt phuong trlnh la: (0 ; 4].

164

d.2. Mi)t s{;'bai tijp tip dung co liJi gidi d.2.I. D~ bai
Hai 1. Giai de bflt phirong trlnh sau:

a. 5' +9x-I4~0
Bai 2. Giai cac ba't phirong trlnh sau:

a. log I x < x-II

Bai 3. (*) Giai bat phudng trlnh sau:

-)2 -

5x -3x2

+ 2x > 2x.3')2

- 5x - 3x2 + 4x2 .3'

d.2.2. Lui ghii Bai 1. Gid i de bat phirong trlnh sau: a. 5' + 9x -14 ~ 0
X6t

f(x)=5'

+9x-I4=>f'(x)=5'.ln5+9>0,

\lxE~, f (x) ~ f (0)

suy

ra

ham s6 d6ng bien trcn ~. M,}t khiic:

f (1) = 0, suy ra 5\ + 9x -14 ~ 0

¢:;>

¢:;>

x~0

V~y t~p nghicm ella bat phirong trlnh: [0 ;

+(0).

b. (45)' ::;- x
Ta thfiy:

+ x-I

f(x)

= (5)-' 4
3

> 0, \Ix

E~

g(x)=-4-

(2x -2 )2 <O,VXE~ 1
I>0

Ncn bat phirong trlnh YO nghicrn. Hai 2. Giai cac bflt phirong trinh sau:

a. log I x <

X-

II

¢:;>

log) x + x-I

Dicu kicn: x > 0

X6t

f(x)

= log, x+x-II

=> f'(x)

=_1_+ x.ln3

1> 0, Vx > 0, ncn ham s6

luon d6ng bien trcn (0 ;

+ 00 )

165

M~t khac: f (9)

= 0,

suy ra log, x

+ x-II>
(9 ;

0 <=> f (x) > f (9) <=> x > 9

Suy ra, hat phuong trlnh co t~p nghicm:

+ co)

Dicu kicn: x > 0

(1)

8 . <=>"3.(tOg,,)

~x2.iogJx

-iog",(vl

alog,., =clog,.U)

<=>~ .iog,x ~ x2 -1

D~t log, x

= t => x = 3

dlln dc'n bat phuong trinh

xe f() ct

8 ="3."3(1)'

(1)·' 9

A' I'a h' so uon ng h· am A'I ich len.

A

h·

8 Ncn- -

3 .3

r 1)1 + (1)1 9

~1<=>f(t)~l(I)<=>t:S1 .

=> log,

:S I <=>0 < x :S 3

V ~y L~p nghiCm ella hat phirong Lrlnh Iil: ( 0 ; 3].

Bai3. ~2-5x-3x2 Di~u kicn:

+2x>2x.3')2-5x-3x2
~

+4x2.3'

(1)

2 . 2 - 5x - 3x

0 <=>-2 :S x:S..!._.

(1)<=>~2-5x-3x2 <=>(~2-5x-3x2

+2x>2x.3'(~2-5x-3x2 +2x)(2x.3' -1)<0 (2)

+2x)

+ Khi -2:S x:S 0, La co: 2x.3' -I < 0 + Khi 0 < x :S

1:

X6t ham s6:

(x) = 2x.3' -1, x

E(

0;

1]

=> f (x) = 2.3' (I + x In 3) > 0, 'v'x E (0 ;

I

1]

166

=> f(x) < fm

~ 2~ -I < 0, \;IxE (0 ;
< 0, Vx
E[

V~y, ta luon eo: 2x.J\ -1

-2 ;

±] ±]
>-2x
??

Dod6: (2)~.J2-5x-3x2

+2x>0

~.J2-5x-3x2

-2X < 0 {-2X 2: 0 { 2 - 5x - 3x-) 2: 0 hay 2 - 5x - 3;c

>0 1 hay -2::; x::;

> 4x-

~ {X

'3

{x::;
7 Xl

+ 5x - 2 < 0
1

~ 0 < x ::;- hay -1 < x ::;0 ~ -1 < x ::;3 3

V~y t~p nghicrn

ella hilt plnrong trinh lit: (-I

±].

d.3. Mi)l .'It;' luu j khi gidi dang todn /lay

a) Chu

y neu f (x)

ddng bien ( hay nghich bien ) trcn

(a ; b)

thl

I(x)2:I(y)~x2:y(hay

x::;y),

Vx,YE(a;
V~IO

b).
tung bai eu th0.

h) Ta phai khco 160 ap dung chieu xuoi hay nguoc tuy

e. DANG 5: /Jilt phuattg trinlt mii e.l . Cdc vi du miuh hoa VI du I. Xiic dinh de nghicm:

va

liigarit cluia tltam

srI

gia tri ella tharn sC; m d0 hfll phuong

trinh sau day eo'

4\

-111.2\+1

+3-2111::;0
Giai

(1)

(D'.li hoc Sir pharn TP.HCM,

2000

)1

D(llt=2\,

(t>O). 211lt+ 3 - 2m ::;0 ~ t2 + 3 ::;([ + 1) 2m

(do

(1) ~

[2 -

t1 + 3 ~--::;2/Jl 1+1

t+I>O,Vt>O)
167

,, Xethamso:

..- f()

t' + 3 t =--,t>O t+l

t +2t~3
2

f'(t)=

(t + 1)
t2

f ' (t ) Bang bien thien: t

f '(tt

=0~

+ 2t - 3 = 0 ~ [ () t = -3 L

o o
3

+00

+
+00

f(tt

"-""""".,,,

",

".">...

/~
/

Tir bang bien thien ta thay bat phirong trlnh co nghiern ~ Vi du 2. Tim m

2m 2 2 ~ m 2 1 .

d6 bat phirong trlnh sau day co nghiem 4 x - m.I' + m + 3 ~ 0 (1)

(D<;li hoc Y dUQC TP.HCM,

1999 )

Gidi D.;tt t

= Y , t > O.
-

( 1) ~ t 2

mt +m

+ 3 ~ 0 ~ t 2 + 3 ~ (t - I) m (d~ tha y t = 1 khong thoa V'm )

O<t<1
t>1 t2

--2m, t -1 t' + 3 --~m,

t-I X6thams6:f(t)=--,voi f '( t )

t2

+3

+3
2t ~ 3

t-l t2
-

z c- O va t=l:-I

(t -I)

f'(t) 168

= 0 ~ t = -1 (loai) hoac t

=3

Bang bic'n thicn:

Tir bang bi0n thicn ta tha'y bat phirong trinh e6 nghiern ~ m < -3 hay

III

"2 6.

Vi du 3.

TIm tfit d de

gia tri ella tham

so m d6

bat phuong (1)

trlnh sau

co nghicrn I
I

2sin', + 3cos2, "2 m.3sin2,

(Dai hoc QU(')c gia Ha N0i, 1999).1 Gidi

()

1 ~ 2S1n-.r + 3
2) ~ (2 Sill .r

.,

I'

+stn" X

"2 m.3slll
2 ,

,2

.r ~

,3 2sin- .r + _, ,-"2
3sIl1
x

m.3sin

.r

+3.

1 )Sin -

"2m

• ? DZltt=Stn-x,tE[O;l],(l)~

(2)' ( 1)' 3"

+3'"9

"2m

x«
f(t)

ham

so: f (t ) = ( ~ so luon

J iJ
+ 3. (

,t

E [ 0;

1]
E

lit ham

luon nghich bien voi rnoi t

[0; 1]

Bang bien thicn:

f'tt)

ftt)

Tir bang bien thien ta thay ba't phirong trinh co nghiern

m~4 .
169

Vi du 4.

V (ji gi,i tri

nguyen nao cua a thi hal phircng trlnh:

210g
I

a - 3 + 2x.log
E

a - x2 < 0

(1)

duoc thoa man vdi rnoi x

lR .
1l)l)~

i!

(Hqe vi¢n Cong ngh\) Buu ehinh Vi0n thong,

Cia;

(I)

<=> f

(x) = x2

2x.log

I 2

a-

2log

a +3 > 0
I

Ycu cau biti to.in <=> /1'/ < 0 <=> log

+ 210g
I

I
-

a- 3<0

<=>-3 < log

Do a
E

a < 1 <=>- < a < 8

IZ ncn a = {I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}.

Vi du S.

X,1c dinh m

u0 hal phirong trinh sau uay eo nghicm: log (x" -I) > log (X2 + X - 2) (1)
HI/ \_111

I
I

(Eh.li hoe Da Lat, 2()Ul)1 Giai

() j
I<=>
Truang

Truang lurp I:

X-Ill

> I <=>x >

2

111

+I. <=>.1<-2

.1C+.1-2>0

,<=> .v - I > .1- + X

{.1."<-2V.1>1
-

x<I <

BCll phirong +

trlnh (i) eli nghicrn

<=>111 + 1 < -2 <=> IJl < -3.

X III

(j
I)<=>
Tu hai

h(ll}

2: 0 < .r -1/1 < 1 <=> III <

+ I.
<=>x>1

- I > O. , ,<=>1 .r -I < x- + x - 2 XC

rx

< -1 hay x > 1

LX> 1

Bal phuong

trlnh ( I) eo nghicrn

<=> III + I > I <=>1/1> O. O.

trirong hop trcn, ta lhay ycu cau ba i loan <=> III < -3 v Ill>

Vi du 6.

TIm m

u0 mqi x lhulle

doa n [0; 2]

u0u lh()<l man hCll phuong trlnh:

(X2 - 2x + 111) ::; 5 ( l )
(D,~i hoc Su pharn Ha NC)i. 20(0)

log, .Jx2 - 2x + III + 4Jlog~

170

auu
(I) <=> log, (Xl - 2x + Ill) + 4~log4 (Xl - 2x + 111) ::; 5
DZit t

= ~IOg4 (X2 -

2x + Ill)

, t > O.

Ta co ba't phurlng trlnh: ~IOg4

t' + 4t - 5::; 0 <=> 0 < [ ::; 1<=>0::;

(xc -

2x + 111 )

<I

<=> 0 < log, (X2 - 2x + 111 ) ::; 1 <=> 1 ::; Xl - 2x + III ::; 4 <=> I - III ::; x2 - 2x ::;4 X6t ham s():

1Il

f (X ) = x
= 2x-2

2x,

XE

[0; 2] .

Ta co: f'(x)
x

= 0 <=> x = 1
o
2

Bang bien thicn: t'jxt tlxt

Tir bang bien thicn, ta tha'y yell dll ba i toan I<> {4 III III

< l11i.n. [lui

[II.]

f (x)
I.

-1 0 <=>2::;111::;4.

.2: max [

(x)

Vay, gia tri m dn tim la: 2::; m

s: 4.

e.2. Mf)/ s{i bai lijp ap dung collii gidi e.2.1. D~ hili

Hili 1. (*) TIm a d0 bilt plurong trlnh sau dung vdi I11qi x
a.9' + (a -I)
.3<+2

+ a -I > 0 (l)
(D;.1i hoc Sir pharn Ha N0i 2; 20(1)

Hili 2. (*) Cho bilt phirong trinh: 9' - 5111.6' + 3111.4' > 0
1. Giai bilt phtrong trrnh khi
111

(1)

= 2.
(Dai hoc Dfin l(tp Van Lang,lSJ98)
171

2. V di gia tri nao ella m thl bilt phuong trlnh nghicm dung voi moi x.

Bai 3. (*) Tim tilt nghicm

eel cac gia tri ella tham s6 a sao cho bflt phirong trlnh sau duoc

dung voi moi x:::; 0

(/.2 +1 +(2a+I)(3-Fs)'
1

+(3+J5)'

<0 (I)

(He,)C vien Cong nghe Buu chinh Vi0n thong, 2001) Ba i 4. (*) Tim m d0 hflt phuong trinh sau diroc thoa man vci moi

x E ( --<Xl; 0] U [I; -+-<xl)

m.4x-x' +(m+I).lOx-x'

_251+x-x2 >0

(1)

(Dai hoc Phong chay chua chay, 2001). Bai S. (*) Tim rn d0 rnoi nghicm

'3 ('3)~ ()I+~

I
r

ciia bilt phuong trlnh:

r

+3.

>12(1)

cung d0u la nghicm

ella bill phuong trlnh:

(m_2)2
Bal 6. (*)Tim

x2 -3(m-6)x-(m+l)<0 > 1 M bilt phirong trlnh:

0

(2).

nhfmg gia tri a

Ig(2x+

a-I)

19( a'

+ a) -lgx

< 1 (1)

nghiern dung voi rnoi x thoa:

< x :::; 2.
(D~i hoc Thu(1ng 111<)i, 999) 1 cua bilt phirong trlnh:

Bai 7. Bict ding x

1 Ia 111Qt ghicrn n

log", (2X2 + X + 3) :::;log", (3x2 - x) (l)

Hay giai bflt phirong trlnh nay.
(Ngoai Bai S.Cho ngtr Tin hoc TP.HCM, 1997)

bill phiroug trlnh: log,

(Xl

+ax):::;

2 (1)

1. Giai hal phuong trlnh (1) vdi a

trlnh (1). Rai 9. (*) Cho bal phuong

= 3. =
1 Ia nghiern

2. Tim gia tri Ion nhilt ella tharn s6 a 00 cho x

ella bilt phuong

trlnh: ~IOg2 x

+ a > log, x

(1), a la tharn s6.

1. Giai hftt phuong trlnh khi a

2. Xac dinh a d0 bftt phuong

= 1.
(D~i hoc Tay Nguyen, 2000)

trlnh eo nghicm.

172

Bai 10.
1. Gia i hflt plnrong trlnh:

log." (x -S) +3.logsJ5 (x-S)+6.log

5

I 2S

(x-S)

-4.log2S
trcn

(x-S)

+ 2 S; 0

(1)

2. Vdi gi,1 tri n~1O ella m thl bat phuong

trinh

va bflt phuong

trrnh

(x

-1Il)( X -

3S) 2: 0 (2) chi co mot nghiern chung duy nhfit.

(Vi¢n D<,li hoc md Hil N~)i, 200!).

Ba i 11. Cho bflt phirong trlnh: I + logs (X2 + 1) 2: logs (111X2 + 4x + 111)(I)
Tim cac gia tr] ella tham sf{ m dG hat phircng trlnh nghiern dung vdi moi x.

(Dai hoc Quoc gia TP.HCM, 1997). e.2.2. Lui giai

Bai l.D~t t=3',t>0.

(I) <=> at'

<=> )

+ 9 (a

-I) t + a ~ 1>
?

0 <=> a (t2 + 9t + I) > 9t + 1

9t ,

+1
.()

t: +9t + 1

< a (do t: + 9t + 1> 0, \it> 0)

9t+1 t +9t+l -9t2
2 2

Xcthams6:j

t=

,t>O 2t
2

/ '(1) = Ycu diu

Bai 2. (I) <=>
D~t 1 =
hili toan

(t +9t+l)

< 0, \i 1 > 0

<=> a 2: /(0)

<=> a 2: I.

2" (3)2'

-s.« (3)X 2"

+3111 > 0

(%
2

,1> O. Ta co hat phirong trlnh: 12 - Smt + 3m> 0 (*)

1. Khi m = 2: (*)<=>t -10t+6>0 <=>O<t<S-Jl9 hayt>S+Jl9

=?(%J

<S-Jl9

hay

(%J

>S+Jl9

<=>x<log3(S-Jl9)

hay x>log3(S+Jl9)
173

2. (*)~t2

>(5t-3)m

+ V oi t =

5" ' hat

phirong trlnh thoa vci moi m. t

2

+ V(jit>OYilt:;t:-:{*)~

--

5t -3
t2

<

1/1,

0<t<-

3 5

5
t
2

--

5f -3

> Ill, t >-

3 5

Xct ham scl:

f' (t)

=--

5t-3 5t -61, (5t 2

f'(t)

3f
hay t=O (loai)
3 6

f'(t)=O~t=~
Bdng hien thicn:

t
f '(t)

+00

0
+00
'"

+
-: +00 /-r

fIt)
"~

'"

"

-,

.,-....
"

./",'

""'~-

12

~...
.>

_/.,

./

001

'" 25'/

Ycu

du hili

loan ~

0 s;

III

12 < -,
25

, Bai3.(l)~2a+(2([+1)

( 3 - 2'

Fs J ' + [3 +2FsjX <0

=1

Nh.n xCL [

+2

v1s)[
3 +2

-2

Do

do: f);t 1=(

S;

v1s
S;

v1s)

thl [ 3 -2

v1s

J=
VtE(O;l])

Ta co: x

=> 0 < t
t

(1) ~ 2a + (2a + 1)~ + t < 0 ~ t' + 2at + 2a + 1 < 0 ~-t2-1>2a(t+1)~

174

_t2 -1
t

+1

>2a (dot+1>O,

X6t ham s{): f(t) f'(t)=

= -t" -1,t
t+l

(0;

1)

-t"-2;+1 t+ f'(t)=O¢:)t=-I-J2
Biing bien thicn:

<O,'v'tE(O;1)
(Ioa il va t=-I+J2 -1+/2

t
r(t)

o
+

f(t)

.-r ••••

/'

o
. :Jio.. -

·2 + 2_ 2

Tir bang hicn thicn ta thay ycu

du ba i loan

¢:)

2a < -I

¢:)

a < -_!_.
2

Hili

4. (I)

¢:)

lII.4x-x'

+ (Ill + 1).1 o:'

¢;> //I

+ (Ill +

1).(%

- 25.25x-x~

>

25.( %)'i'-i) > 0

f).}l

= (%y-\
s{):

X6t ham

g(x)

= x - x",

E (-00; o]u [1; +00) 1

g' (x) = 1- 2x = 0 ¢:) x = - ~ ( -00; 0] U [I; +00) 2

Bring hicn thicn:

-0()

+00

g(x)
-0()

':Jio..
-0()

=> g(x):s

0, 'v'x E (-00; OJu[l;

>
t

+00) => 0 < t:S 1

¢:)

(I)

¢:)

1/I+(11I+1)t-25t" 25t" - t
t+1 <
III

25t"

<(t+l}11l

¢:)

(do

+ 1 > 0,

vt

(0; 1])
175

X6t ham sc):

/(1) =

25

t +1

1 -I, t E (0; 1]

/'(1)=2512+50~-1 (t + It
t

/'(1) = O¢::>
Bang bien thicn
t

-5-£6
5

(Ioai)

t=---

-5+£6
5
--

f '(t)
f(t)

Tir bang bien thicn ta thily yeu du bai toan ¢::> 111 > 12 .

Bui 5. (1) ¢::> -1 < x < 0

f-)~t

=> SI = (-1; 0)
X2

f(x)=(m-2)2
111

-3(m-6)x-(m+l)
3 < 0 ¢::> X E (
-00;

+ X6t

= 2: f (x) = 12x 2 thea ycu

±)

:::::>

SI

=> In =
+ X6t

du ba i toan (a)
-1 < 0 ~ x2 ¢::>

III :f:. (XI'

2 : Yeu du bai toan ¢::> (2) co nghiern

S2 =
¢::>

x2 )

:::::>

SI ¢::> XI

(11l-2)2.f(-1)~0 { (JJ1-2t.f(0)~0
?

{f(-l)~O f(O)~O

(do (m-2)

>0,'\1'111:f:.2)

¢::>

JIl {

2m -15 ~ 0 {- 3 ~ m ~ 5 {-I ~ 111 ¢::> => m;:::-1 /11;:::-1 m:f:.2

-

5.

(b )

KC't hop (a) va (b) ta diroc gi<l tri 176

dn tim

la: -1 ~

111 ~

5.

Hili 6. Ta eo: a > I va 0 < x 52=>

a2 + a > 2 ~ x > 0 va 2x + a -I > 0

2

=> 19(a

+ a) -Ig x> 0

Do do: (I) <=>19(2x + a -I) < 19(a2 + a) -lg x <=>19( 2x + a -I) + Ig x < Ig ( a 2 + a) <=>19[ x (2x + a -I) ] < Ig ( a2 + a) <=>x ( 2x + a -I) < a 2 + a <=> 2X2 + (a -I)x Xct
h~l111 sf):

- (a2 + a) < 0 -I) x - ( a2 + a) , vdi a > 1 va 0 < x 5 2. va Va>1

E

1(x) = 2X2 + (a

Taco: => f

f'(x)=4x+a-I>0,VXE(0;2]

(x)

ift ham sf) luon luon d6ng biC"n Vx

{0:2J

(0; 2].

Yeu du bai roan <=>max

I(x) = 1(2)

<0
(do a > 1)

2 <=>a -a-6>0=>a>3 V~y. gia tri a dn tlrn la: a> 3.

Hili 7. Do x = 1 ift mQt nghicm ella ba't phirong lrlnh nen ta eo:

(I) <=>log, 6 5 log; 2 => 0 < m < I

VoiO<m<l:

(I) <=>2X2 + X + 3 ~ 3x2 x 2 - 2 x- 3 5 0 3x

2 -

<=>{

>0

<=>

{-I

>0 5x53 [-15 1 <=> I

x <0

x < 0 hay x > "3

"3 < x 5 3
; 0)
U(~ ;

Vay, t~p nghicrn ella bftt phirong trlnh drr eho la: [-I Hili 8. 1. Vdi a

3]'

= 3:
X2
2

(I) <=>log , (X2 + 3x) 52<=> 0 < x2 + 3x 5 4 <=>{ +3x-450 {-45X51 <=> <=>-4 5 x < -3 hay 0 < x 51 x < -3 hay x > 0
[-4;

x + 3x > 0

V~y,t~pnghiemcllaba'tphudngtrlnhdacholft:

-3)u(0;

1].
177

2. Do x

1 ia mOt nghiern

cua bilt phtrong trlnh ncn ta co:

(1) ~ log, (1 + a) ~ 2 ~ 0 < 1+ a ~ 4 ~ -1 < a ~ 3

Vay: maxa Bai 9.D~t t

= 3.
, t 2 0 => log, X = t2-a
(2)

= ~log2x+a

(1)~t>t2-a~t2-t<a
1. Khi a

= i:
t2
-

(2) ~

-1

1+J5 < 0 ~ 0 ~ t < -(do t 20) 2

"'" 0 s ,flog, x +1 s 1+/5 "'" 0 s log, x+ 1< (I +2,rs

~-l:Slog?x<-2.Xcthams6:

1+ J5
2

1 ~-~x<2
2

I+{S 2

f(t)=t2-t,

t20. 1 2

Taco:

f'(t)=2t-l=0~t=-

Bang bien thien:

t

o
o

,
2

+w

f'lt)
fIt)

o
,
' <;,...._

+ ~
//// .••

+w

'"

"-"

~-4

-,

.... '"

/'

//

Tir bang bien thien, ta thily yeu

du bai

loan ~

a>

_.!..
4

Bai 10. 1. Ta co:

(1) ~

logs} (x-5)+3.1og

s'

(x-5)+6.1ogs,

(x-5)-4.1ogs'

(x-5)+2:S0

~ log/ (x - 5) +3.(

% j.IOgs (x-

5)+6( -~ }IOgs (x - 5) -4(~).IOg5 (x-5)+2:S 0

~ log/(x-5)-3.log5(X-5)+2~0
178

Dat t

= logs (x t
2 -

5). Ta eo btl phirong trlnh:

3t + 2 ::;0 <=> I ::; t ::;2 <=> I ::; logs

(x -

5) ::;2

<=> 5 ::;x
2. Ta xet hai tnrong hop:

5::; 25 <=> 10::; x ::; 30

Vay, t~p nghiern eiia btt phirong trlnh (1) la: S)

= [10; 30].

+ Truong hcrp 1: m < 35.

Nghiern ella btt phirong trlnh (2) hi: S2

= (-oo;m

]u[35;+00)
Xo

Btt phuong trinh (I) va (2) co mot nghiern ehung duy nhdt

<=> S) n S2 = {xu} <=> m = 10.

+ Truong hop 2: m ~ 35 .
Nghiern ella btt phircng trlnh (2) la: S2

= ( -00; 35] U [111; +00)

Ta thay tnrong hop nay khOng eo gia tri nao cua m thoa yeu c5u bai toano V~y, gi,i tri dn tim hi: m = 10.

Hai

11.

(I) <=>

logs [5 (X2 + I)]

~ logs

(mx2 + 4x + m)

<=> 5 (X2 + 1) ~ mx' + 4x + m > 0

mx2 +4x+m >0

<=> { (m-5)x2+4x+m-5::;0
Btt phuong trlnh (1) tho a voi moi x Nhdn xet: Voi m vdi moi X. Xet m Yeu

(2) (3)
<=>
(2) va (3) thoa vdi rnoi
X.

=0vm =5

thl (2) va (3) khong cl&ng thai nghiern clung

"* 0

va m"* 5.

du bai toan: m>O

L1 \2)

<=>

=42

m zm' < 0

I)

m -5 <0
L1

<=>
+ 10m - 21 ::;0

m < -2 hay m > 2 m <5 m ::;3 hay m ~ 7

<=>2<m::;3

\3) = _m

Vay, gia tri m dn tim la: 2 < m s; 3.

e.3. Mi)t sli'illll j khi gidi dang todu nay

Day la dang toan kho, thirong III cau kh6 nhat trong cac cle thi, ta phai v~n dung linh hoat cac tinh ehat clan dieu ella ham s6, cl~ suy ra cac dieu kien trong tung bai.

179

Rai 1. Gidi cac btt phuong irlnh sau: a.

(I)"+2, (I )16~'
-

<9
I

Diip s/'t x < -8 v x > 4

I I ).,+2 . h. 2H > ( 16
c. 3~
.2 J.

>3

(I )X~IX~II
>

Dap

.1'/,/.

0<x <2.

Dtip Dap

st/- x 2 2 . st/· x::; -I v x 2 4 . st/- -2 < x < -1 v x > I . -3 < x <

C. (J5 + 2
f. (
2x~1

rl
,~}

(J5-

2 )t+1

,~I

Dap

.JlO + 3 r=i
HI

< ( .JlO - 3 )x+} .

.v+I

Ddp s{{-

-J5 v I < x < J5 .

g. 5'.2

< SO.

Ddp

.w1- x < -logs 10 v -I < x < 2 .

-2 < x < 0 v 0 < x < 1. < -1 .
7 2

i.

(X2 + X + 1

Dap s/'/-

<I.

Ddp
Ddp

s/{- x

k. (X_2)2x'~7'

> I.

st/· 2 < x < 3 v x > - .

Bai 2. Gidi cac bflL phuong trlnh sau: a. h.

slOg.( ~~2 J
iog".3Iog2

< I.
1~1.5Iug,'~2

Ddp

s/'t x > 2 . x24. . < log, -47 .

- 16

212.

c.IOg,[IOg,;(2'-~~)]S2
d. log,
C. X

Ddp ,lIt

Dap so: I _ x Dap

~'<

+ log} x < 1+ log, .r.log, x.

st/· 0 < x < 2 v x > 3 .

log, (x2 + 8x -I x+ I st/· -4 -

J s 2,
::;I .
I ~X -

Dap

Jl7 < x ::;-s v -4 + Jl7<x

Sx + 6 + log
3

f. log} Dap

-J x2

2 > _!_ log I (x + 3) . 2}

stt x > .JlO .

180

g. (4X2 -16x+7).log3(x-3»O.
Ddp

s/'/ 3 < x < - v x > 4 . 2 1)-2x > 2~(X+2)log~

h. log? (4X2 -4x+

Ddp
s/):

(k- J.
x

x<

1 1 v - < x < -. 4 2

i. 2x + log,
Diip
S(;:'

(X2 - 4x + 4) > 2 - (x + 1) logo,s (2 - x).

x < ·-2 v 1 < x < 2 .

k. log, (X2 - 7 x + 12
Dtip

rk
<

logn- (x - 2) + log21x - 41-1.

.1'Il:- - < x < 3 v 3 < x < 4 .

3

Rai 3. Giai cac bat phirong trlnh sau day: a. log (x-_!_) ~ 2.
x

h. log. c. log.

. \

2X-I) (.--x-I

1 Dap st/· - < x < 1. 4

Ddp .1'/;: --

> 1. > 1.

, 3-.[s
2

I 3+.[s <x-c--v l <X<-. 2 2

3X+2) -.\ ( x+2

Ddp

st/· I < X < 2 .

D'ap so: c. log,

f.

"J3

< X < 1V

>8.

-\+1 2

(,hx2-2x-I)<_!_.
-

Ddp Dup

, I-f3 1+f3 s/): -1<x<--v--<x<2.

2 2
.W):· X

log,_1 ( x \
1 --

x)

>2.
1

>2.
X~

g. log

lx-51
6x

~--

Dap .\"//- 0 < X < I V

Dap
Sf):'

II .

h. loglx_21 2 > loglx_21(x -I) .

. log, (Xl - 9x
I.

V0 nghiern.

+ 8)

logl(3-x) log (35-x3) log

a a (

< 2.

Ddp .1'/;:. - -

< X < I.

k.

5 - x)

>3 (O<a:;t:I).

Ddp

st/- 2 < X < 3 .

181

Bai 4. Giai cac bat phtrong trinh sau day:

../3 )IOg'~1(2",_I) . 0 1210&, I"' > ~ a., _ (3 b. logs ~3x + 4.logx 5 > 1.

Ddp s{/' I < x < 2 .

Diip s(/- 1 < x < 4 . Dup so: -1 < x < 1. _
, A'

d. log", [log'!

(J< -

9)

l;}.

Dap s(/' x

> log, 10 .

e. log, [log3 (9"' - 72 ) ] :s;1 .

f.

Dap s{/' log, 73 < x :s;2 . Ddp .HJ: 0 < x :s;

log(E+2_£) 2 :s; log"G+t 2.

-3+2../3 3

v x >- . 4

Dap so:

A'

-1+53 < X < -1+J20 . _ 2 2

2v x > I.

Ddp .HJ:· 0 < x :s; I -log3

Dap

.w'/- -1 < x < 0 v 2 < x < 3 . , 3+J13 3+J5 <x<lvx>--.

Ddp s/i:

Bai 5. Giai cac bat phirong trlnh sau:

a. 22x+6 + 2<+7 -17 > O. b. 2.14< +3.49"' _4' ~O. c. 21-< _2"' +1 :s;O.

Ddp

5(1.' x > -3 .
2

' A'. Dup so. x > - 1og7 3 . -

z: -1

Dap

.H1.· x < 0 v x ~ 1 .
<x <2.

d. 5.1' <

7.M - 2.5".
+ 4£+1 .

Dap .WJ:· 0

e. 4"' :s; 3.2'+£

f.

(9../3 + I IJ2

+ 2 (5 +

216

r-

Dap s{/'

2 (../3 -

J2

O:s; x :s;4 .
< 1.

Dap .I"l'r x < O.

g. 8.3£+:!,I, + 9:!,1,+1 9£ . >

182

Dap .HJ:·

O:s; x < 16 .

Ddp

.wrA'

0::;x::;2vx::;1-vf3vx~1+·Ji

D'up so: -- 1 < x < 1. 2

k. 4xz +x.3E +31~ <2xz.3fx +2x+6.

Bai 6. Giai cac ba't phuong trlnh sau:

Dcip

.wr-

0::; x < log/2 v x >

i. 2

a. 61og311- xl + log/ (x -1) + 5 ~ O. Ddp sf/- 1 < x ::;1+ _.;.. x ~ v 3 3 b. log, x + log., 8 ::;4 . c. log, 2.1og2x2.1og2 4x > 1. d.log,(3x)+log/ x<11.
2

i.
3_:+-v'iJ

Ddp

s{/· 0 < x <- v 2

2

3-!13
Z ::;

x ::;2 z .

Dcip

< x <.!_ v 1 < x < 2..fi . 2 1 ' D ap so: 3-1-..(5 <x< 3 v 3- +..(5<x<. 27
A'

s{/-

r.fi

e. ~log9 (3x2 + 4x + 2) + 1> log, (3x + 4x + 2) .

Ddp

s/i: --<x::;-lv--::;x< 3 3

f. ~log/
Dap

x-41og3 x+9 > 2log3 x - 3. >.J2 ( 4 =Iog.,

s{/- 0 < x < 1v 4 < x < 8 v 16 < x < 64 . log / x + 4log2

2 ~

g.

X4 ) .

<0 <1 _ D'up so. < x _ - v 1< x < 4 . 4

h.

log,,2 x+ log" x+ 2 log" x-2

1 ,. 0 > , vcr a> . <a<

Ddp .w'{· x > aZ (a > i. logz(2' -1).log!

2

1) v 0 < x < a' (0

(2x+1-2»-2.

1) .
5 log, - < x < log, 3 . 4

Ddp sf;:'

Bai 7. Giai cac bilt phirong trlnh sau:

a. 2.2' +3.3' > 6' -1 .

Ddp S(l:' x < 2 . 183

b.

32-\ +3-2x 41 -2
.\-1

::;;0.

c. x 4 -.e8

> x (2x e I-I -. 8)

SqU

, _, 1 < Dtip so: - < x _ 2. 2 Dap so: x < - 2 . ,-'

day

Bal 8. Tim m d0 hat phirong trlnh

2

eo nghicm
<0

3 1+1-(111+3)3' -2(m+3)
Dap s/'/III

> -3 .
trinh:

Bui 9. Cho bftt phuong

(m -1)

4'

+ 21+1 + m + 1 > 0

(1)

1. Gidi hat phirong trlnh (1) khi m = -1.

cit cac gia tri cua m d6 hat phucng trlnh (1) thoa man vdi moi x. Dap s/'/- 1. x < 0 ; 2. In ~ 1.
2. Tim tat

Bui 10. Cho hftt phuong trlnh: 9x

(111 + 1).3'

- 2111- 3> 0 (*)

Tim tat ca cac gia tri cua m d0 hat phirong trlnh (*) dung voi moi s6 thuc x.

, _'. _ Dap so. In <

--.

3
2
x

Bai 11. Cho hftt phirong trlnh: a.9 1. Giai bat phirong trlnh khi 2. Tim cac gia tri cua

+ 4( a-l).3'
2.

+ a>

a=

a d6 bftt phuong trlnh trcn dung vdi moi x.

2.

Deip s//- 1. x

lR ;

a ~ 1.

Bui 12. Dinh a d6 bat phuong trlnh sau nghiern dung vci moi x

a.4\ + (a _1).2<+2 + a -1> 0

Ddp sl/- a ~ 1 . Bui 13. Tim m d0 bftt phirong trlnh sau nghicrn dung voi moi x

1ll.25 + 4 (Ill -1).5' + m -1 > 0

1

Dap s/'/' m ~ 1 .

Bui 14. Tim tat d cac gia tri ciia m d6 hat phirong trlnh sau day nghicm voi moi x > O.

dung

(3m+l).I2'
Ddp

+(2-m).6'

+3' < 0

s{/·

111 ::;;

-2 .
phircng trlnh sau nghicm dung vdi moi x

Bai 15. Tim m

M bat

(m + 2 ).4lx-11_ 2m.2It-1! + 3m + 1>

Dell} 184
.1'/,/. III

3 >- - .
2

IHli 16. Cho bat phuong trinh: 111.9' - (2m + 1) .6' + mA' ::;0 Dinh m 00 b[lt phuong trlnh nghiern dung vdi moi x Ddp s{/- m s; 6 . Hili 17.Cho: f(x)={m-l)6' 1. Giai btlt phiroug trlnh 2.TImmd0
E

[0; 1] .

- :' +2m+l

f (x)

2 0 vdi

m = ~.
3

(x-61-')f(x)20

voi moi xE[O;I].

2. m

Dcip st/· 1. 0::; x ::;1 ; Hal 18. Cho bat phirong tnnh: mS:
....• "'~ .... 2
\2 _ ,. (

s: -.

1
2
? \,2 _

2
r .::; 0

. - 2m + 1)?.6- x _ .r + mA -

1. Giai bat phirong trlnh trcn khi m

= 6.

2. Tim rn d0 btlt phirong trinh thoa man vdi moi x ngoai ( - ~; ~) .

Ddp s/i: 1. --::;x::;

I;

2.111::;0.

Hili 19. Cho bat phuong trlnh: 4' - 2(111 1. Giai btlt phuong trinh trcn khi m

+ 2 ).Y + m' + 2m + 2> 0

1.
E

2. Tim m d0 bat phuong trlnh thea man voi rnoi x Ddp s{/· 1. x < 0 v x > log? 5 ; Hili 20. 1. Giai btlt phirong trlnh: 22<+1 9.2' + 4 2. Dinh m d0 moi nghicm

lR .

2. m < -1.

::;0 (1)
ella bat

ella bilt phirong trinh (1) d6u IA nghicm

phirong trinh: (1112 +m Ddp sir· 1. -1 ::;x ::;2 ;

+ 1)X+3111 + 1> 0(2).

2.0 < 111 < 2.
2 1 1+-

Hili 21. Tim m d0 moi nghiern ella bat phirong trinh 2' - 2 '> 8 (1) cung d6u IA nghicrn ella btlt phuong trinh Dap sf/III ::; 4X2 -

211lx- (m + 1)2 < 0 (2)

0v

111

2 1. 185

Rai 22. Cho btt phirong trlnh: log (x2

BiC't x
DJp

X-

2) > log, ( - x2 + 2x + 3)

=~

III mot nghicm cua bat phirong trlnh. Hay giiii btt plnrong trinh tren.

.wl:- 2 < x < - .

2

Bai 23. Cho btt phirong trlnh: logz.J 1. Giai btt phirong trlnh khi a

x2 + 1 < log, (ax + a)

= -2.
2. a < -1 v a > -

2. Tim ttt d cac gia tri ciia tham s6 a d6 btt phirong trlnh eo nghicrn. Ddp so: 1. x <
'A'

-4-J7
3 xE

J2 .
2

Rai 24. Xac dinh m M btt phirong trlnh sau eo nghiern

+ ~ x + 12s m.log2 ( 2 + ~ 4 - x )

DJp

st/-

111 ~

13 .
phirong trlnh: log
I 2

Bai 25. Tim m

DJp

M btt

(X2 -

2x + m) > -3 eo nghiern.

stt m < 9 .

Bai 26. Vdi nhtrng gia tri nao ella m thl btt phirong trlnh sau diroc nghiern dung vdi moi giri tri ella x:

log, (7 x2 + 7) ~ log, (mx2 + 4x + m)

DJp

s{/' 2 < m S 5 .

Rai 27. Cho bflt phuong trlnh: log,

(X2 + 4x + m) -log5 (X2 + 1) < 1.

Tim m d6 btt phirong trlnh nghiern dung vdi moi x thuoc khoang (2; 3) . Ddp s/l: -12smsI3.

Rai 28. Tim ttt d cac gia tri ella m d~ btt phirong trinh sau day dircc nghicm
dung vdi moi gia tri ella x: log", ( x2
DJp
-

2x + 111 + 1) > O.

.wl:- m > 1. + m -I) < 1,vdi moi gia tri ella m: 0 < m s 4.

Rai 29. Tim ttt ca cac gia tri ella x thoa man x > 1 nghiern dung bat phirong
trinh: log2«'+_x) (2x
Dap

'" st/· x > 3 .

186

Hai 30. Cho hai bilt phuong trlnh:

log I 2 X

+ log

I 4

x2 < 0

(1)

x2 + mx + m' + 6m < 0 (2)

1. Gidi bilt plurong trlnh (l).
2. Xac dinh cac gia tri ella m d6 moi nghiern ella (1) la nghiern ella (2). r:;

Dap s/t· 1. 1 < x < 2;

2.

-7-3/5
2

< m < -4 + 2",3 .

Hai3I.
1. Giai bilt phirong trlnh: logs ,j3x

+ -l.log 5 > I.
ciia bilt phirong trlnh tren cling

2. Tim cac gia tri ella m sao cho moi nghicrn la nghicrn ella bilt plnrong trlnh sau: 1 + logs s Dap

(X2 + 1) + log I (Xl + 4x + 2m)

5 2

>0 .

.w'/· 1. 1 < x < 4 ;

2. - - :::;m :::;- .
(

5 2

Hili 32. Cho

f (x) = [log)

-.Ix + 1)] .log,

(x + I)

g (x) = [log) ( x2 + ax + 5 +
1. Chung minh y

1)] .log,

(X2 + ax + 6)

= f (x)

la ham tang tren mien xac dinh ella no.

2. Tim tilt cit cac gia tri cua a d~ g (x) Ddp .1'/;:'

> 1 vdi moi gia tri ciia x.

2. -2 < a < 2.

Bai 33.
1. Giai bilt phirong trinh: 21og2s
2. Tim m trlnh:

2( x -I) ~ log,

2x -I -I

.log

I (x -1) (1)
5

d0 moi nghiern xix - 31:::; m .

ella bilt phirong

trlnh (1) d0u thea man bilt phirong

Dap s/'/' 1. 2:::; x :::; 5 ;

2. m ~ 10 .

Hili 34. Cho bilt phirong trlnh:

log! (
iI

Jx

+ ax + 5 +

I) .log,

(X2 + ax + 6) + log"

3~

0.
~I,
hay tun

Dinh a d0 bilt phirong trlnh eo dung mot nghiern. Ddp

.w'r

=2.
cua bilt phirong trlnh

Hili 35. Trong cac nghiern

nghicm

loghy2 (3 + r)

(x; y) co t6ng 3x + y IOn nhilt.

un