ISAS REPORT

Isas Title: Advantages and Disadvantages Of Five Wireless Technologies Group Members: Nguyen Thi Thuy Centre: NIIT Si Gn

ISAS END-SEM PROJECT SUBMISSION FORM Group Project Number: 1 Individual Project Number: 1

Individual Project Title: Operating System provide by Microsoft

List all the sources of information used (give details): * Newspapers: General

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Commercial or Business * Magazines: Business / Commercial Technical / IT Industry * Internet: Engines used for information search: 1. Google.com.vn 2. vi.wikipedia.org 3. 4. * Others (give details):

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GPS (Global Positioning System)

I. Khi nim: H thng nh v ton cu ( Global Positioning System - GPS) l h thng xc nh v tr da trn v tr ca cc v tinh nhn to. Trong cng mt thi im, mt v tr trn mt t nu xc nh c khong cch n ba v tinh (ti thiu) th s tnh c ta ca v tr . GPS c thit k v qun l bi B Quc phng Hoa K, nhng chnh ph Hoa K cho php mi ngi trn th gii s dng n min ph, bt k quc tch no. II. Phng thc hot ng: H thng nh v ton cu ca M l h dn ng da trn mt mng li 24 qu v tinh c B Quc phng Hoa K t trn qu o khng gian.

Cc h thng dn ng truyn thng hot ng da trn cc trm pht tn hiu v tuyn in. c bit n nhiu nht l cc h thng sau: LORAN (LOng RAnge Navigation) hot ng gii tn 90-100 kHz ch yu dng cho hng hi, hay TACAN (TACtical Air Navigation) dng cho qun i M v bin th vi chnh xc thp VOR/DME VHF (Omnidirectional Range/Distance Measuring Equipment) dng cho hng khng dn dng. Cc v tinh GPS bay vng quanh Tri t hai ln trong mt ngy theo mt qu o rt chnh xc v pht tn hiu c thng tin xung Tri t. Cc my thu GPS nhn thng tin ny v bng php tnh lng gic tnh c chnh xc v tr ca ngi dng. V
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bn cht my thu GPS so snh thi gian tn hiu c pht i t v tinh vi thi gian nhn c chng. Sai lch v thi gian cho bit my thu GPS cch v tinh bao xa. Ri vi nhiu qung cch o c ti nhiu v tinh my thu c th tnh c v tr ca ngi dng v hin th ln bn in t ca my.

My thu phi nhn c tn hiu ca t nht ba v tinh tnh ra v tr hai chiu (kinh v v ) v theo di c chuyn ng. Khi nhn c tn hiu ca t nht 4 v tinh th my thu c th tnh c v tr ba chiu (kinh , v v cao). Mt khi v tr ngi dng tnh c th my thu GPS c th tnh cc thng tin khc, nh tc , hng chuyn ng, bm st di chuyn, khong hnh trnh, qung cch ti im n, thi gian Mt Tri mc, ln v nhiu th khc na.

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III. u im: Cc v tinh GPS bay vi tc 7 nghn dm/gi vng quanh Tri t hai ln trong mt ngy theo mt qu o rt chnh xc v pht tn hiu c thng tin xung Tri t. GPS c th hot ng trong mi iu kin thi tit, mi ni trn Tri t v lin tc 24 gi mt ngy. Cc v tinh c cung cp bng nng lng Mt Tri, v c c ngun pin d phng duy tr hot ng trong vng khng c nh sng Mt Tri. GPS c 5 trm kim sot t ri rc trn mt t, trong c 4 trm iu khin t ng v mt trm iu khin trung tm. 4 ng Dng Tiu Biu GPS: a) ng dng GPS trong lnh vc Gio dc: Chng trnh thit b Bn & GIS Gio dc (Mapping & GIS Educator) gii thiu nhng gii php n gin v a dng, to iu kin thun li nht cho cc t chc gio dc, thc hin vic ging dy v cng ngh GPS v GIS cho hc vin da trn nhng cng ngh mi nht ca Trimble. Chng trnh h tr gio dc c thit k vi mc ch phc v cho cc t chc gio dc v o to. Bng cch cn i nhu cu gia GPS/GIS cc t chc ny c th c hng rt nhiu quyn li ca chng trnh, cng nh c hi la chn thit b phn cng v phn mm vi gi u i c bit nhm tit kim nht cho ngun kinh ph u t. c im chnh ca Chng trnh thit b Bn & GIS Gio dc: La chn bn quyn s dng phn mm cho t 2 n 100 hc vin Nhiu gii php gim gi thit b phn cng B thit b cm tay Juno ST cho lp hc
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Dch v h tr nhm m bo phn mm lun c cp nht o to cp chng ch chuyn nghip theo h thng Trimble b) ng dng GPS trong lnh vc Ti nguyn thin nhin: Th gii chng ta ang sng khng ngng thay i. Bo v mi trng v gi gn nhng ngun ti nguyn thin nhin ngy nay ang tr thnh vn quan trng hn bao gi ht. y cng chnh l l do ti sao rt nhiu cc c quan t chc v c nhn trn ton th gii la chn s dng cc cng ngh GPS v GIS tin tin ca Trimble hng ngy, qun l mt cch c hiu qu hn ngun ti nguyn thin nhin hin c. Hn 25 nm qua, nhng cng ngh GPS v GIS cho php con ngi c th qun l mt cch c hiu qu hn, chi tit v c th hn nhng ngun ti nguyn thin nhin m con ngi ang s hu. T vic qun l bn vng h thng rng n cc hot ng tm kim thm d khai thc m, nhng gii php GPS v GIS ca Trimble lm cho mi hot ng qun l tr nn d dng hn, gip nhng nh qun l ti nguyn thin nhin trong tt c cc cng on t thu thp, lu tr, x l phn tch v ng dng nhng khi d liu khng gian ln. Cc lnh vc m cng ngh GPS v GIS c nhng nh hng mnh m phi k n l qun l mi trng, qun l rng, quy hoch v pht trin nng nghip, iu tra v khai thc m. Mi ngy, cng ngh GIS li h tr c lc hn cho con ngi trong vic gii quyt cc vn phc tp nh bo tn ng vt hoang d, qun l nng sut nng nghip, kim sot cht lng ngun nc v khng kh, dch bnh v s di chuyn cng nh pht trin ca cc thm ho tim tng. Khng ph thuc vo lnh vc mi trng no m bn ang nghin cu hay khu vc phn b ca chng, nhng gii php ca Trimble lun m bo gi tr gia tng cho bn thng qua cc thit b n gin khi s dng, hiu qu, gi thnh hp l v phng thc ng dng s gi cho s liu GIS ca bn lun c cp nht v c chnh xc cao c) ng dng GPS trong lnh vc Du & Kh t: Ngy nay, cc cng ty du v kh lun b t di p lc ln nht, tun th v ph hp vi nhng yu cu v quy nh quc t cc cng ty lun phi duy tr s liu c th v h thng h tng ng dn v cng phc tp ca h. Hn bao gi ht, cc cng ty du v kh t lun l cc cng ty i u trong vic ng dng cng ngh GPS v GIS trong vic thnh lp cc bn , thu thp gim st v phn tch s liu thc a. Cc gii php cng ngh khng gian c th lm n gin i tt c t vic thnh lp bn cc ti sn c nh nh h thng ng ng v cc u ni ng ng n vic s dng chng cho duy tu bo dng, m rng hay trin khai cc chng trnh khc phc khi c s c xy ra. Cc gii php ca Trimble c chnh xc ti mt vi ximt thc s l nhng cng c t gi v hiu qu khi cc cng ty du kh mun xy dng bn hay xc nh v tr ca cc ti sn ngm. Hu ht cc cng ty du kh trn ton th gii u la chn s dng cng ngh v gii php GPS v GIS tin tin ca Trimble phc v cho vic n gin ho cc bc x l trong qu trnh thu thp, lu tr v phn tch cc dng s liu thc a quan trng. Vi s liu phn b khng gian cc ti sn c nh rt chnh xc, cho php cc cng ty du kh hot ng hiu qu hn, qun l n gin hn, gim chi ph v ra tng li nhun. d) ng dng GPS trong C quan chnh ph: Ngay t nhng ngy u tin pht trin cng ngh GPS, chnh ph vn lun dn u trong vic khai thc v s dng. T cp trung ng n a phng, t th ti nng thn, GPS v GIS to iu kin thc s thun li gip cc c quan cng quyn hon
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thnh tt nhim v c giao. C th bn ch l ngi duy nht trong b phn thnh lp bn ca mt t chc chnh ph chuyn trch v phng chy cha chy, hay bn l thnh vin ca b lm nghip chuyn qun l rng v cc khu bo tn thin nhin rng hng nghn hc ta, chng ti lun c gii php tt nht dnh cho bn. Nhng cng ngh thu thp s liu Bn v GPS/GIS ca Trimble lm cho cng vic ca cc c quan chnh ph tr nn n gin hn rt nhiu m khng ph thuc vo kiu, khi lng s liu c thu thp, lu tr, x l v phn tch cho d c th l mt lng s liu khng gian rt ln. Cc sn phm Bn v GIS ca Trimble m bo cung cp gii php hon chnh cho cc c quan thnh ph, cc n v qun s, cc cc bo v ti nguyn thin nhin v bt k c quan chnh ph no c nhu cu qun l s liu nhm mc ch h tr vic ra cc quyt nh nhanh chnh xc nht. Nu bn l nhn vin cng quyn ca chnh ph, khng cn phi lo lng, Trimble v chng ti c gii php cng ngh GPS v GIS d s dng, gi thnh hp l dnh ring cho bn. e) ng dng GPS trong qun s:

V kh ht nhn Bom thng minh JDAM Tn la khng i t Tn la tn cng t lin Tn la hnh trnh Tn la t i t My bay hun luyn Mikoyan MiG-AT ca Nga

Ngoi ra:

Bn dnh t thi gian hn trn bn hoc cc trang web tm kim trn Internet tng t xc nh v tr ni trc khi bn i bt c ni u. Khi cn nhn vo bn : Vic xem bn v d cc a im l hnh ng m nhiu ngi thng xuyn phi lm khi n nhng ni xa l, tuy nhin, y l yu t rt nguy him, c bit l khi ang li xe (nht l xe my). K c khi bn c mt ngi ngi cnh ch dn theo bn , chnh xc v tc cng khng th bng c my mc. Trong trng hp ny, GPS l la chn s mt. Li xe trong thi tit xu v ban m an ton hn: Mt trong nhng li ch ln nht ca GPS l gip bn di chuyn trong iu kin thi tit xu, hoc ban m an ton hn. Trong nhng tnh hung ny, GPS s bo cho bn khi sp n ng r, dc kh xa trc khi bn phi i u vi chng. Cn vi nhng khong ng ti tm, bn GPS s gip bn hnh dung a hnh pha trc d dng i ph hn. Bn c th tm kim v nh v nhng ni nh nh hng, th vin, ni cng cng m bn quan tm, hoc nhng ni ni ting v nhiu hn na thng qua h thng GPS trn chic xe ca bn.
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N c nt hong lon c xy dng vo n.(dng cho nhng trng hp cp thit nh: tai nn, gp cc s c) N c th gip bn d dng tm thy nu bn ang gp nguy him hoc trong tai nn.

IV. Nhc im:

Mn hnh nhp vo a ch l nh v i khi bn c th nhn nt sai v lm cho mt s li k thut. Khng phi tt c cc a ch c sn trong h thng.Bn s cn phi mua mt bn nng cp thm a im mi. Cc a im khng c sn trn h thng menu GPS c hn. Bn cn phi gi cho h thng nh v GPS trn thi tit khc nghit nh: mn hnh LCD cm ng c th b h hi (Thng thng trong thi tit lnh). Bn cn phi gi n ra khi tm nhn khi bn ang khng trong xe ca bn bi v n c th c truy tm v b cp. N cn c chm sc tt v x l khi n b lm v. N cn pin c vn hnh, c nhng lc pin bt u ht sau n tt gia cuc hnh trnh ca bn v bn s b ri tm ng. Nh vy, bn cn phi mang theo pin b sung cho h thng nh v GPS ca bn. . . N nn c s dng nh l mt bn d phng, nhng ngy nay, n c s dng nh l ti nguyn u tin xc nh v tr . iu ny l s o ngc dn n vic mt tr thng minh ca con ngi, n c lm cho con ngi ph thuc h thng dn ng ca GPS. Nhng thit b GPS khng thc s r c th mua. Mt s ln n dn n tai nn bi v mi ngi tp trung hn vo h thng nh v GPS hn trn ng. Cui cng nhng khng phi l t nht, h thng dn ng ca GPS ang tr thnh mt cng c quan trng i vi ch ngha khng b, l s lm dng n theo di v tr chnh xc ni h mun tn cng.

V. Ngun li ca tn hiu GPS: Nhng yu t c th lm gim tn hiu GPS v v th nh hng ti chnh xc bao gm:

Gi chm ca tng i lu v tng ion Tn hiu v tinh b chm i khi xuyn qua tng kh quyn. Tn hiu i nhiu ng iu ny xy ra khi tn hiu phn x t nh hay cc i tng khc trc khi ti my thu.

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Li ng h my thu ng h c trong my thu khng chnh xc nh ng h nguyn t trn cc v tinh GPS. Li qu o Cng c bit nh li thin vn, do v tinh thng bo v tr khng chnh xc. S lng v tinh nhn thy Cng nhiu qu v tinh c my thu GPS nhn thy th cng chnh xc. Nh cao tng, a hnh, nhiu lon in t hoc i khi thm ch tn l dy c th chn thu nhn tn hiu, gy li nh v hoc khng nh v c. Ni chung my thu GPS khng lm vic trong nh, di nc hoc di t. Che khut v hnh hc iu ny lin quan ti v tr tng i ca cc v tinh thi im bt k. Phn b v tinh l tng l khi cc qu v tinh v tr to cc gc rng vi nhau. Phn b xu xy ra khi cc qu v tinh trn mt ng thng hoc cm thnh nhm. S gim c ch tm tn hiu v tinh L s lm gim tn hiu c do s p t ca B Quc phng M, nhm chng li vic i th qun s dng tn hiu GPS chnh xc cao. Chnh ph M ngng vic ny t thng 5 nm 2000, lm tng ng k chnh xc ca my thu GPS dn s. (Tuy nhin bin php ny hon ton c th c s dng li trong nhng iu kin c th m bo gy ng khng p lng ng. Chnh iu ny l tim n hn ch an ton cho dn ng v nh v dn s.)

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