CHN TO V SN XUT GING LA LAI GP PHN GI VNG AN

NINH LNG THC MIN BC VIT NAM

Nguyn Th Trm,HNN H Ni
(Bo co tham lun ti Hi tho t vn nh hng nghin cu v pht trin la lai ti
Vit Nam 2011-2020, ngy 8/6/2011do B NN & PTNT ch tr, ti VAAS)
1. Tnh hnh sn xut la Vit Nam nhng nm gn y
1.1 Din tch nng sut v sn lng la
Theo s liu iu tra ca B Ti nguyn v mi trng, trong 10 nm tr li y, din
tch gieo cy la gim khong 3% (7,66 triu ha nm 2000, cn 7,44 triu ha nm 2009).
Tuy nhin do ng dng nhng tin b k thut vo sn xut c y mnh nn nng
sut la tng trn 23% (4,24 t/ha ln 5,22 t/ha), nh vy sn lng tng khong 19%
(32,5 triu tn ln 38,89 triu tn nm 2009) (bng 1). Nng sut v sn lng la tng
trong khi din tch canh tc gim do nhiu nguyn nhn: B tr c cu ma v c iu
chnh hp l, k thut canh tc c ci tin v cc ging la c nng sut cao c a
vo ng rung ngy cng nhiu trong cc tnh pha Bc a la lai nm sau cao
hn nm trc gp phn lm tng tng sn lng la ca nc ta.
Bng 1. Thay i t trng la Vit Nam thi k 2000-2009
2000

2005

Thay i +/- (ha)

2009

2000/2005 2005/2009 2000/2009

Tng din

4 476 770

4 165 277

4 089 059

- 302 493

- 76 218

- 378 711

3 147 281

3 337 296

3 331 021

+ 190 015

- 12 750

+ 188 740

1 120 568

696 340

623 130

- 424 228

- 73 210

- 497 438

La cn

199 921

131 640

129 908

- 68 281

- 17 320

- 70 013

Din tch

7 666 300

7 329 200

7 440 100

- 337 100

+ 11 090

- 226 200

tch t la
t chuyn
canh la
t la
khc

gieo trng
Ngun: B ti nguyn v mi trng, 2010
1.2 M rng din tch la lai thng phm gp phn tng nng sut, sn lng la
Nm 1991, nc ta gieo trng th nghim mt s ging la lai do Trung Quc lai to
thu c nng sut cao vt tri nn la lai chnh thc tham gia vo c cu ging la
trong c v Xun v v Ma ti cc tnh pha Bc. Din tch la lai trong c cu ging

tng t 1% nm 1995, ln 9,54% nm 2009. Nng sut la lai trong cc nm u cao hn

nng sut la trung bnh r t 24,28-66,39% (bng 2). S tham gia ca cc ging la lai
vo c cu ging la gp phn lm tng nng sut v sn lng la cc tnh pha
Bc v ng gp tch cc vo cng cuc xa i gim ngho ca nhiu tnh nng nghip.
Bng 2. Din tch, nng sut la lai so vi la ca Vit Nam
Nm

Din tch (ha)

Nng sut t/ha

La

La lai

La lai/la (%)

La

La lai

La lai hn la (%)

1995

6 765 000

73 503

1,08

36,9

61,4

66,39

1999

7 653 000

233 000

3,04

41,1

64,7

57,42

2000

7 666 000

435 508

5,68

42,4

64,4

51,88

2001

7 492 000

480 000

6,40

42,8

64,8

51,40

2002

7 504 000

500 000

6,66

45,9

63,6

38,56

2003

7 452 000

600 000

8,05

46,4

62,6

34,91

2004

7 445 000

577 000

7,75

48,5

63,5

30,92

2005

7 329 000

553 000

7,54

49,0

65,0

32,65

2006

7 324 000

572 700

7,81

49,0

65,0

32,65

2007

7 207 000

620 000

8,60

50,0

65,0

30,00

2008

7 400 000

560 000

7,56

52,2

68,0

30,26

2009

7 440 000

709 816

9,54

52,3

65,0

24,28

2. Kt qu nghin cu ging la lai thi gian qua

2.1 Kt qu sn xut ht ging la lai F1 trong nc
Bng 3. Tnh hnh sn xut v s dng ht lai F1 Vit Nam
Sn xut ht lai F1 trong nc
Nm

S lng

T l F1 SX trong

Din tch

Nng sut

Sn lng

ht F1 s

nc/ lng F1

(ha)

(t/ha)

(tn)

dng* (tn)

s dng (%)

1992

173

3,02

52

333

15,60

1993

154

5,41

83

1.039

7,98

1994

123

4,84

59

1.802

3,27

1995

101

9,72

98

2.205

4,44

1996

267

17,51

467

3.832

12,18

1997

410

22,00

902

5.634

16,00

1998

340

22,00

750

6.000

12,50

1999

455

17,00

773

6.990

11,05

2000

620

23,00

1.426

13.065

10,91

2001

1450

17,00

2.400

14.400

16,66

2002

1600

24,00

3.840

15.000

25,60

2003

1700

20,50

3.485

18.000

19,36

2004

1500

21,15

3.225

17.310

18,63

2005

1380

21,05

2.700

17.659

16,27

2006

1850

24,00

4.440

17.160

25,87

2007

1900

21,00

3.990

18.600

21,45

2008

1200

22,00

2.640

16.800

15,71

2009

1525

25,00

3.812

21.294

17,90

Ngun: Cc Trng trt, 2010; * S liu c tnh da vo mc s dng 30 kg F1/ha.

Ngay t nm 1992, nh s gip ca FAO, Vit Nam nhp c mt s dng b
m t chc sn xut ht lai F1 trong nc. Din tch sn xut ht lai F1 tng dn, nng
sut ht lai F1 t nm 2002 n nay tng i kh, t trn 2 tn/ha. Cc t hp lai c
sn xut F1 thi k u u nhp b m t Trung Quc, gn y c b sung cc t hp
mi chn to cng nhn ti Vit Nam. Tuy vy t l ht lai F1 sn xut trong nc vn
thp v cha n nh, xung quanh 20% so vi tng lng ht ging lai nng dn s dng
(bng 3). Nguyn nhn chnh l do chng ta cha chn to c nhiu ging la lai tt
trong nc c th tham gia vo c cu nht l v Xun.
2.2. Kt qu nghin cu chn to ging la lai
2.2.1 Nghin cu chn to la lai ba dng
a/ Tuyn chn, duy tr dng b m nhp ni:
T 1992 n nay, Vit Nam nhp ni mt s dng CMS t Trung Quc, IRRI, n
nghin cu duy tr v sn xut th ht lai F1, cc dng nhp ni gm: Zhenshan
97A, BoA, II-32A, Jin23A, D62A, IR58025A, ... ng thi tuyn chn duy tr mt s
dng R nhp ni: Minh khi 63, Trc 64, Qu 99, R903, R253, Phc khi 838, R527,
R998... duy tr dng v sn xut mt s t hp lai ba dng cung cp cho nng dn:
Sn u 63, Sn u qu 99, Bc u 64, Nh u63, gn y ch cn li Nh u 838, Bc u

253, Du527...
b/ Chn to b m v ging lai ba dng trong nc
- Cc nh chn ging trong nc tuyn chn, duy tr c mt s dng m nhp ni
(BoA, II-32A, Kim23A, IR58025A...), lai th vi cc dng ging la thun trong tp
on cng tc to ra t hp la lai ba dng mi cho Vit Nam: Bc u 903KBL,
Nam u-1, Nam u 603, Nam u 604, CT16, HYT 57, HYT83, HYT100, HYT92, LC25.
Cc ging la lai mi ny ang c nng dn tip thu a vo sn xut.
2.3.2 Nghin cu chn to la lai hai dng
2.3.2.1 nh gi iu kin t nhin
a/ iu kin thi tit kh hu v vn chn ging la lai hai dng
Min Bc Vit Nam c 2 ma la r rt:
- Ma lnh t thng 11 n thng 5, ng vi v la ng-xun, t khi gieo n bt u
tr nhit lun thp di 240C; T tr n chn nhit cao dn t 25-320C v vy c
th nhn dng bt dc c mn cm nhit (TGMS).
- Ma nng t thng 6 n thng 10, v la Ma, nhit lun cao (27-350C), iu
kin nhit cao dng TGMS bt dc nn b tr sn xut ht lai F1 an ton.
b/ iu kin a hnh
t nc Vit Nam tri di 15 v tuyn, t v 8 n 24 Bc bn cu. Khong gia
c o Hi Vn ngn cch thnh 2 vng kh hu ln:
-

Pha Bc o Hi Vn c 2 v la: V Xun v v Ma.

Pha Nam o Hi Vn, nhit cao quang nm, c th trng la quanh nm,

ng thi c th sn xut ht lai F1 h hai dng trong v ng xun pha Nam o Hi

vn cung cp ht ging cho min Bc trng sang v Ma.
2.3.2.2 Kt qu nghin cu chn to la lai hai dng t c
a/ Chn to dng EGMS mi c gi tr s dng (dng m ca t nht 1 t hp lai ang
sn xut th) gm: T1S-96, 103S, AMS-30S, T7S, 135S, TG1S, P5S.
b/ Chn to t hp lai mi c cng nhn chnh thc 6 ging mi c TGST ngn l:
TH3-3, TH3-4, TH3-5, Vit lai20, Vit lai24, HC1; Cng nhn sn xut th 11 ging:
TH5-1, TH7-2, TH8-3, VL50, HYT102, HYT103, HYT108, LHD6, LC212, LC270,
Thanh u-3.
2.3.2.3. nh gi: Sau gn 20 nm u t nghin cu:

* V la lai ba dng:
- S lng t hp la lai ba dngchn to ti Vit Nam qu t (4 t hp cng nhn
chnh thc: HYT83, HYT100, Bc u 903KBL, Nam u1 v 5 t hp cng nhn sn xut
th: HYT92, Nam u 603, Nam u604, CT16, LC25).
- Cc t hp c chn to trong nc c cht lng kh hn nhng nng sut khng
vt tri. a s t hp lai ba dng chn to trong nc c nng sut ht lai F1 thp nn
gi thnh cao, khng cnh tranh c vi ht lai F1 nhp ni, v vy la lai ba dng Vit
Nam cha chim c v tr trong v Xun, mt v la c nng sut cao v n nh nht
trong nm.
* V la lai hai dng:
- Cc t hp lai hai dng trong nc c TGST ngn, nng sut, cht lng kh, chng
chu su bnh kh, thch hp trong v Ma, v H thu v Xun mun, ch ng nhn
dng m v sn xut ht lai F1 t nng sut cao nhng dng m mn cm nhit nn
cha n nh.
- S lng t hp t, cha a dng, nng sut cha vt tri r nn cha cnh tranh
c vi la lai ngoi, nht l trong v Xun.
3. Kt qu nghin cu chn to ging la lai ti HNN H Ni
3.1. Chn to la lai hai dng: Nhm chn ging la lai ca HNN H ni bt u
nghin cu t nm 1993 vi vic thu thp vt liu, lai to chn lc dng m EGMS, dng
b v t hp lai mi. Sau gn 20 nm t c kt qu nh sau:
3.1.1 Chn to dng m EGMS
a/ Mc tiu c xc nh rt c th
- Dng TGMS c ngng nhit chuyn i tnh dc 240C; Dng PGMS c ngng
quang chu k chuyn i tnh dc: 12h15- 12h20; Bt dc n nh, chuyn i trit ;
- Chiu cao 80cm; thi gian t gieo n tr 85 ngy, l ngn, gi l mm d ng,
bng to ht di;
- Khng o n, bc l, ry, chu lnh, chng ;
- Nhn dng > 2 tn/ha; Nhn phn ngoi cao, nhy cm GA3; Nng sut F1> 3 tn/ha.
b/ Kt qu chn c mt s dng EGMS (bng 4)
Bng 4. Cc dng EGMS c chn to, c gi tr s dng ti HNN
TT

Tn dng

Ngun gc

Ngng chuyn

Thi gian t

Kh nng s

1
2
3
4
5

T1S-96
103S
135S
T7S
P5S

T24S/Japonica5
T1S/H60
103S/PA64S
T1S-96/H125S*
T1S-96/PA64S

i tnh dc
240C
240C
24,50C
240C
12h 16-12h18

gieo-tr (ngy)
83-84
82-83
78-80
80-82
65-68

dng
Sn xut rng
Sn xut rng
Sn xut th
Sn xut th
Sn xut th

3.1.2. Chn to dng phc hi c kh nng kt hp cao

a/ Mc tiu c xc nh l:
- Chiu cao cy 110cm, thn mp cng, l xanh m, ng, bn l dy, lng mo ;
- Khng o n, bc l, ry, chu lnh, chng ;
- Kh nng kt hp chung v ring cao;
- Bao phn to my, tung phn mnh, nhy cm GA3, thi gian tr, tung phn ko di;
- Mang gen tng hp rng, gen khng bc l, o n, ry;
- Tim nng u th lai cao, con lai c nng sut cao, TGST ngn, cht lng tt, thch
ng rng, d thm canh.
b/ Kt qu
- to c cc dng R mi c kiu cy thm canh, F1 c nng sut cao, mang gen
khng bc l, o n, tng hp rng, cht lng cao: ht thon di, hm lng prtin
cao, amylose trung bnh, bn gel mm, go thm (bng 5).
Bng 5. Mt s dng phc hi c lai, t bin v chn lc, c gi tr s dng
Ngun gc

TT

Tn
dng

R1

Chn t ging nhp ni

R2

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

R3
R4
R5
R6
R7
R8
R20
R24
R50

Lai tch ly 4 ging

thm, 1 ging cao sn
Lai: indica/japonica
Chn t ging nhp ni
Chn t t bin Qu99
Lai: 9311/IRBB21
Hng cm/R3 (thm)
PK838/R50
Chn t ging nhp ni
Chn t ging nhp ni
Lai: Daikoku/a phi

T gieoc im chnh
tr
(ngy)
85-87
Kiu cy mi, con lai nng sut cao,
sinh trng di
84-86
Thm, con lai sinh trng di thm
75-76
76-78
80-82
85-87
80-82
80-82
74-76
70-74
78-80

Nhiu phn, go lai thon di trong

Kiu cy thm canh, ht nh di st
Nng sut cao, khng nhy GA3,
Kiu cy mi, con lai khng bc l
Kiu cy mi, TGST ngn, NS cao
Cy ln, bng to, ht to di st
Thn mp, l mo bng to ht to di
Ln khe, l ng khng bc l
Cy ln l rng, bng chy, ST ngn

3.1.3. Trnh t tuyn chn t hp lai mi

V th nht: nh gi theo 4 tiu ch
- Nng sut c th cao;
- Thi gian sinh trng ngn;
- Chng tt;
- Kiu cy thm canh.
V th hai: Thm 3 tiu ch
- Khng bc l (nh gi bng ly nhn to), nhim nh bnh khc trn ng rung;
- Nng sut th nghim cao;
- Cht lng ht tt.
V th ba
- Nng sut ti cc im kho nghim cao hn i chng ng tin cy;
- Kh nng chng chu su bnh v iu kin bt thun tt hn i chng.
V th t
- Nng sut n nh, thch ng trn cc vng, cc v.
- Sn xut th ht lai F1 t nng sut cao.
* Kt qu chn t hp lai mi
Bng 6. Cc t hp la lai mi chn to v cng nhn ti HNN n 2010
Tn

T hp

TGST
(ngy)

VL20
103S/R20
100-105
VL24
103S/R24
95-100
TH3-3
T1S-96/R3 105-110
TH3-4
T1S-96/R4 105-110
TH3-5
T1S-96/R5 105-110
TH5-1
P5S/R1
115-120
TH7-2
T7S/R2
115-120
CT16
II-32A/R16 115-125
TH8-3
T7S/R3
110-115
VL50
135S/R50
105-110
3.2. Chn to la lai ba dng

Nng sut
(tn/ha)

Din tch thng

phm cng dn (ha)

6-8
5-7
6-8
6-8
7-9
7-9
7-9
8-9
6-8
6-8

250 000
50 000
515 000
205 000
25 500
2 500
500
150
50
50

Cng nhn
Mc
Quc gia
Quc gia
Quc gia
Quc gia
Quc gia
SX th
SX th
SX th
SX th
SX th

Nm
2004
2008
2005
2006
2009
2007
2008
2009
2010
2010

Trng tham gia chng trnh la lai vi B Nng nghip & PTNT t nm 1992 vi
cc ni dung: Nghin cu duy tr dng A, B, R nhp ni; Nghin cu xc nh mt s yu
t k thut lp qui trnh sn xut ht F1; Ch o mt s m hnh sn xut ht F1 ti h

nng dn. T nm 1996 tp trung nghin cu chn ging la lai hai dng. Nm 2005,
chng ti li nghin cu duy tr v ci tin mt s dng CMS nhp ni lai th v chn
t hp la lai ba dng. n nay chn c ging mi CT16 (II-32A/R16) c sn
xut chp nhn v m rng, TH17 ang kho nghim.
3.3. Nghin cu nhn dng b m
3.3.1 Nghin cu qui trnh chn lc duy tr dng TGMS.
Dng TGMS bt dc nhit , trong qu trnh nhn, chu tc ng ca yu t mi trng
nn xut hin nhng c th bin i ngng nhit chuyn i tnh dc: a s c th
gi ng ngng, mt s c th tng ngng nhit chuyn i tnh dc ln 0,5-10C, v
mt s t c th h thp ngng nhit . Hin tng ny quan st kh r qun th dng
TGMS nhn li 5-6 ln m qu trnh nhn khng sng lc li qua phytotron. Nu chn
mi loi 1 c th nhn trong cng iu kin nh nhau 3 ln lin tip ta thu c kt qu
c lng ti bng 7. Sau ln nhn u, c th c ngng thp hn, t l u ht thp
hn, t l cy ngng thp trong qun th gim t 33,3% xung 16,7%. C th ng
ngng u ht kh nn gi nguyn t l trong qun th, c th trt ngng cao ln, u
ht thun li hn nn t l cy ngng cao tng ln thnh 50%. Nhn tip 2-3 ln lm
cho t l cy ngng cao tng ti 75%, gy mt an ton cho sn xut ht lai, nn cn c
bin php khng ch hp l.
Bng 7. Tri dt di truyn ngng nhit chuyn i tnh dc ca dng TGMS
Th h nhn

Ch tiu

Cy ngng
(CSIT) thp
Hin ti
S lng
1
(G0)
T l (%)
33,3
Nhn ln
S lng
100
1(G1)
T l (%)
16,7
Nhn ln 2
S lng
1 000
(G2)
T l (%)
7,1
Nhn ln 3
S lng
1 000 000
(G3)
T l (%)
2,8
3.3.2. Trnh t chn thun dng EGMS

Cy ngng
trung bnh
1
33,3
200
33,3
4 000
28,6
8 000 000
22,2

Cy ngng
cao
1
33,3
300
50,0
90 000
64,3
27 000 000
75,0

Tng s
3
100
600
100
140 000
100
36 000 000
100

V 1: - Bc 1:Chn c th in hnh, lai theo cp S/R

- Bc 2: Nhn cy m v tnh, thu ht trn cht v ng
V 2:- Bc 3: nh gi TL ca cc cp lai F1 ng thi nh gi cc dng S, R trn
ng rung v thun, kiu hnh, nng sut, thu ht G1

V 3: - Bc 4: Sng lc, chn dng S chuyn i tnh dc ng ngng.

V 4: - Bc 5: Nhn dng G1 c chn ca S, R thnh G2
- Nghin cu xc nh thi v nhn dng v Xun trung ng bng
- Nghin cu xc nh vng nhn dng v ma vng ni

Bc

iu kin

Phng php
Chn b m ng nguyn bn, cy
m bt dc 100%, cy b khe
mnh, tr trng khp, lai 300 cp.
Thu ht lai F1 v b ca tng cp

Bc 1
(ma)

Nhit cao
trn ngng

Bc 2
(Thu ng)

Nhit thp
di ngng

Nhn v tnh 300 cy m khi nhit

thp di ngng, c phn hu dc,
u ht, thu ht m t th.

Nhit t
nhin thp
d i ngng

+ Gieo cy cp F1 + b (xun
mun), nh gi chn cp ng u
ng nguyn bn, nng sut cao, thu
ht dng b tng ng.
+ Gieo cc c th m thnh dng,
cch ly, nh gi chn dng tt
tng ng vi F1 v b tt.

Nhit t
nhin cao hn
ngng

+ Gieo mi dng m 100 ht thnh 3

thi v.
+ nh gi ngng chuyn i tnh
dc trong Phytoron (3 ln lp li),
chn dng c 100% s cy chuyn
i ng ngng.

Nhit t
nhin thp
hn ngng

+ Nhn dng m siu nguyn chng

khu cch ly. Thi v gieo 1520/12.
+ Nhn dng b siu nguyn chng
tng ng khu cch ly khc.

Ma
(1)

Xun
(2)

Ma
(3)

Xun
(4)

Bc 3

Bc 4

Bc 5

S chn lc duy tr cc dng b m la lai hai dng

(Phng php 4 v 5 bc )
3.4. Sn xut ht lai F1
3.4.1. Xc nh thi v sn xut ht F1 ti cc vng:

10

Bng 8. Thi v gieo dng m v nng sut ht lai F1 TH3-3

ti cc a phng qua 5 nm sn xut rng
2005
2006
2007
2008
Ng
Ng
Ng
Nng Ngy Nng
Nng
Nng
y
y
y
sut
gieo
sut
sut
sut
gieo
gieo
gieo
(t/ha)
m (t/ha)
(t/ha)
(t/ha)
m
m
m

Ng
y
gieo
m

Nng
sut
(t/ha)

H Ty

16/6

30

18/6

35

20/6

36

23/6

30,0

22/6

25,0

N. nh

18/6

30

20/6

32

20/6

33

23/6

26,0

23/6

25,0

Yn Bi

16/6

30

18/6

35

20/6

40

23/6

35,0

21/6

25,0

H Ni

18/6

27

20/6

36

20/6

35

22/6

32,0

20/6

30,0

17/6

29

20/6

32

20/6

32

5/02

20

7/02

30

7/02

30

8/02

35,5

10/0

37,5

a
phng

H.
Phng
Q. Nam

k Lk
T. Ho

13/6

25

15/6

30

B.
Giang
T.
Nguyn
T.
Quang
Ho
Bnh

17/6

31

23/6

20/6

27

22/6

15/6

22

18/6

30

20/6

25

9/02

42,0

22,5

20/6

22,5

23/6

26,5

25,0

20/6

20,0

7/02

3,2

15/6

18,0

Gia Lai
H Nam

15/6

18

18/6

18

20/6

11

24

23/6

2009

22,0

Bc

23/6

18,5

20/6

23,5

22/6

20,0

18

20,0

B. nh

8/02

18,0

Q.Ngi

12/0

22,0

20/6

27

H. Yn

Th. Bnh

22/6

6/02

6,8

7/02

Ninh

N.
Thun

2
a/ Vng sn xut
- BSH, Trung du, min ni: Thi k mn cm t 20-30/8; Tr bng n hoa 5-20/9
- Thanh Ha:Thi k mn cm nhit : 15-25/8; tr bng n hoa 25/8-15/9
- Nam trung b:Thi k mn cm nhit 25/3-5/4; tr bng n hoa 10-15/4
- Ty nguyn:Thi k mn cm nhit 1-10/4; thi im tr bng n hoa 15-25/4
b/ Phng thc gieo cy trong sn xut F1:
- Cc tnh pha Bc:Gieo, cy c b m
- Nam TB, Ty nguyn: Gieo cy b, s m
c/ Tng kt vng v thi v sn xut ht F1 h hai dng
Vng 1: Thch ng cao, nng sut F1: 25-40 t/ha
- V ma: + Khung thi v gieo dng m 10 ngy, t 16-25/6
+ a phng: Lo Cai, Yn Bi, H Ni, Nam nh, Hi Phng
- V xun: + Khung thi v gieo dng m hp, t 12-15/02
+ a phng: Qung Nam, k Lk
Vng 2: Thch ng kh, nng sut F1: 20-30 t/ha
- V ma: + Khung thi v gieo dng m 10 ngy, t 13-23/6
+ a phng: Thanh Ha, Bc Giang, Thi Nguyn, Tuyn Quang
- V xun: + Khung thi v gieo dng m hp, t 8 -12/02
+ a phng: Ayunpa- Gia Lai
Vng 3: Thch ng trung bnh, NS F1: 15-22 t/ha

12

- V ma: + Khung thi v gieo dng m 10 ngy, t 15-25/6,

+ a phng: Hng Yn, Thi Bnh, H Nam, Bc Ninh,
V xun: + Khung thi v gieo dng m hp, t 6-10/02,
+ a phng: Bnh nh, Qung Ngi
T kt qu nghin cu ny cho thy t nng sut ht lai F1 cao, Nh nc, B Nng
nghip nn nghin cu qui hoch vng sn xut ht lai F1 hng vo vng c nng sut
cao nht bao gm: Lo Cai, Yn Bi, H Ni, Nam nh, Hi Phng, Thanh Ha, Qung
Nam v klck.
3.4.2 K thut then cht cho sn xut ht lai
- iu khin thi gian tr bng, giao phn vo thi im c thi tit thun li nht:
- T0 = 27- 34 0C
- m = 70-85%
- Khng ma bui sng lin tc 7-10 ngy t phun GA3
- iu khin b m trng khp l tng
- Lm m khe t nhiu bng hu hiu
- Xc nh t l hng b m hp l cho tng t hp
- Tng s bng, s hoa dng m trn c s m bo phn b
- Tng t l u ht d giao (th phn b sung ng k thut)
- Nng cao thun b m (dng ht nguyn chng sn xut F1)
* iu chnh b m n hoa trng khp
N hoa

Tr
M

N hoa r

Kt thc

||____|____||____|____|____||____|____|____|____|____|____|____||

Ngy 1

Tr N hoa
B 1

N hoa r

10

11

12

13

Kt thc

||____||____|____||____|____|____||

Ngy

Tr N hoa N hoa r
B 2
Ngy

Kt thc

||____||____|____||____|____|____||
1

3.5 Kt qu nghin cu k thut la lai thng phm

13

3.5.1. Ba bc pht trin la lai thng phm

Bc 1: Chn to t hp mi
Bc 2: Sn xut ht ging lai F1
Bc 3: Sn xut la lai thng phm
3.5.2. Cc k thut c bn
+ K thut lm m khe
+ K thut cy
+K thut bn phn
+ K thut qun l nc
+ Qun l su bnh hi
4. xut hng nghin cu ci tin b m pht trin la lai t 2011-2020
4.1. Nng cao nng sut, rt ngn TGST
- Ci tin c im hnh thi, nng sinh hc dng b m:
+ Lai xa indica/japonica v s dng gen WC
+ S dng gen ln, bn ln
+ Chn kiu cy ln, thn mp, lng ngn, l ng di ng lng mo
- Nng cao tim nng u th lai thng qua nng cao hiu sut quang hp, tch ly:
+ Chuyn gen kim sot chu trnh quang hp C4
+ Chn kiu thm canh thn mp, l ng, hp th nh sng t 2 mt,
+ Chuyn gen yls1, yld2... nng cao nng sut b m v con lai
+ Chn dng b m c TGST ngn
4.2 Ci tin cht lng ht go:
- Nng cao khi lng ringT l xay xt cao, gim t l tm
- Lai to b m c ht di, thm
- H thp hm lng amylose (16-22%), nhit ha h, bc phn
- Chn lc ci tin hnh dng ht, mi thm, trong
4.3 Ci tin kh nng chng chu su bnh:
- S dng cc gen khng pht hin a vo b m bng lai v CNSH
- Th nghim ng rung, nh gi sc chng chu t nhin
- Ly nhim nhn to pht hin chn lc dng khng
4.4 Nghin cu la a bi

14

- Tip cn phng php to la a bi

- To dng b m a bi v siu la lai a bi
4.5 Nng cao nng sut ht lai F1, h gi thnh
- Chn to dng bt dc c mi vi t l nhn phn ngoi cao
+ T1S-96 nhn phn t nhin 60% (~ Trung Quc)
+ 11A nhn phn t nhin 60% (~ Trung Quc)
- Chn dng l ng ng khng che tn bng khi phun GA3
- Chn dng u nhy to di, th ra ngoi v tru 80%,
- Chn dng c thi gian nhn phn di (4-5 ngy) sau khi hoa n
- Chn b m c TGST gn nhau hoc bng nhau, d iu khin trng khp.
Biu di y biu din nh hng pht trin ca nng sut la lai trong tng lai.

Tin b v nng sut la nh CMX,

la lai, siu la, siu la lai...
12-18 t/ha

7-9 t/ha

5-6 t/ha

~3 t/ha
Ging c
truyn

Ging
la lai

Ging la
ln ci
tin

Trc 1960

1962-1980

1976 2011

Cc gen bn a

Gen ln sd1

Gen ms v Rf

Ging
6-9
lat/ha
lai
siu cao
sn,
a bi

Tng lai
Gen C4, yld1, yld2...

a bi ha

15