Direct and Indirect Speech

A menudo tenemos que dar informacin acerca de lo que la gente dice o piensa , para hacer esto tenemos que usar Direct Speech o Indirect o Reported speech.

Direct Speech
Cuando queremos informar exactamente lo que otra persona ha dicho, utilizamos el estilo directo.(Direct speech ) Con este estilo lo que la persona ha dicho se coloca entre comillas y deber ser palabra por palabra. Ejemplo 1) El comentario de Mayra ahora es: My mother is sick Lo comentamos tal cual lo dijo a eso llamamos : Direct speech Direct speech ===> Mayra said My mother is sick 2) Susan :"I don't earn much money at work" Direct speech "I don't earn much money at work" , said Susan

Indirect Speech / Reported Speech

El estilo indirecto, a diferencia del estilo directo, no utiliza las comillas y no necesita ser como se dijo textualmente , es decir tal y como se hizo el comentario. En general, cuando se usa el estilo indirecto, el tiempo gramatical cambia cambia, es decir si el comentario se hizo en presente simple el reported speech lo trabajamos en pasado simple. A continuacin tienes un explicacin de los cambios que sufren los tiempos verbales. A veces se usa "that" en las frases afirmativas y negativas para introducir lo que ha dicho la otra persona. Ejemplo
Direct speech Indirect speech Past simple

Simple Present Paty study English I am at home

She told me (that ) Laura Didnt Like History Sonia said (that) Sonia was at home

I.-Write these sentences in Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.

1. Example : Paty : We have some milk. Direct speech Paty said We have some milk Indirect speech Paty told me that we had some milk 2. Ana :Mother wash Jennys jeans. Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 3. My brother :I hate Maths lessons. Direct speech ____________________________________________

Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 4. That man : The monkey likes to eat bananas. Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 5. My mother :my Children dont like ivegetables Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 6. My sister :The baby doesnt sleep on the bed. Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 7. Katia : They are hungry. Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 8. Antonio: Peter isnt very tired. Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 9. Ricardo : I am a good pupil. Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 10.-My brother : Dad buys a new car. Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________

Cambio de tiempo
Como una regla cuando tu reportas alguna cosa que alguien te ha dicho debes de cambiar el tiempo ( Observa el cuadro ,el tiempo de la izquierda cambia al tiempo de la derecha)
Direct speech Present continuous "I'm teaching English online." Indirect speech

Past continuous She told me she was teaching English online

II.- Change each of the following direct speech to reported speech.

1. Anita : He is drinking a coffee. Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 2.Silvia : I am swimming on the wave Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________

3. My grandmother :She isnt washing her hair. Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 4. The woman :The cats arent dinking the milk. Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 5.-. My sister : We are dancing in the living room. Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________

Direct speech Present perfect simple "I've been on the web since 1999."

Indirect speech

Past perfect simple

She told him she had been on the web since 1999.

III.- Change each of the following direct speech to reported speech.

1. The girl :Mrs Mc.Fair has made a fantastic cake. Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 2. Linda : Debbie has bought a new bike. Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 3. the boy :I havent fed my little dog yet. Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 4. The teacher . Sally and Jenny have got a new CD player. (get) Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 5. Manolo : Chris hasnt found wood for a raft (wood =madera) ( raft = balsa ) Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________
Direct speech Past simple "I taught Biology yesterday." Indirect speech

. Past perfect She told us (that ) she had taught Biology yesterday.

IV.- Change each of the following direct speech to reported speech.

1. My mother: They invited Linda to their party Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 2. The teacher : They didnt do the English homework Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 3. My aunt : The girls visited the Tower Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 4. My brother :He bought jeans andT-shirts. Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 5. My father :We didnt watch the news Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________
Direct speech Past perfect "The lesson had already started when he arrived." Indirect speech

NO CHANGE - He told them (that) the lesson had

already started when he arrived.

Past perfect

V.-Change each of the following direct speech to reported speech.

They had written all the letters Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ We had seen the film before my parents Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ It had rained a lot in the winter Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ She had studied before the exam Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ I had gone out when she came Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ Direct speech will She said, "I'll teach English tomorrow." Indirect speech

She told me (that) she would teach English o

tomorrow.

would

VI.-Change each of the following direct speech to reported speech.

1.-I will go to France next year. Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 2.-We build a house Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 3.-He buy a new car tomorrow. Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 4.-My friend wont come to university tomorrow. Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 5.- we will have an important exam Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech __________________________________________ _
Direct speech can She said, "I can swim very well" Indirect speech

could

She told she could swim very well..

VII.-Change each of the following direct speech to reported speech.

1.Dogs cant drive. Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 2. Helicopters can fly. Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 3. Bears can climb trees. Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 4. Babies cant write. Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________ 5. Birds can read books. Direct speech ____________________________________________ Indirect speech ___________________________________________

En Resumen los cambios de tiempo para reporter en estilo indirecto son:

Direct speech Present simple Laura doesnt like History Present continuous "I'm teaching English online." Present perfect simple "I've been on the web since 1999."

Indirect speech

Past simple

She told me (that ) Laura Didnt Like History

Past continuous

She told me she was teaching English online.

Past perfect simple

She told him she had been on the web since 1999.

Past simple "I taught Biology yesterday."

Past perfect
Past perfect

She told us (that ) she had taught Biology yesterday.

Past perfect "The lesson had already started when he arrived."

NO CHANGE - He told them (that) the lesson had

already started when he arrived.

Modal verb forms also sometimes change: Direct speech will She said, "I'll teach English tomorrow." can She said, "I can swim very well" would Indirect speech

She told me (that) she would teach English o

tomorrow.

could

She told she could swim very well.

Time expressions change

Expresiones de tiempo Si la oracin que vamos a reportar contiene expresiones de tiempo, debes cambiar esa expresin para escribirla acorde el tiempo a la cual estas haciendo el cambio Ejemplo Direct Speech Paco :My sister works today Mi hermana trabaja hoy Reported Speech He said that her sister worked yesterday El dijo que su hermana trabajaba ayer
Expressions of time if reported on a different day this (evening) today these (days) now (a week) ago last weekend here next (week) tomorrow

that (evening) yesterday ... those (days) then (a week) before the weekend before last / the previous weekend there the following (week) the next/following day

Pronoun change
En reported speech los pronombres personales tambien cambian. For example: Direct Speech She says "I teach English online." Indirect Speech (tu reportas) She said she teaches English online.

Place change
Si tu reportas alguna cosa que alguien dijo en un lugar diferente de donde tu lo escuchaste o estabas , tu debes cambiar el lugar here (aqu) a el lugar there (ah) For example:-

At work "I have worked here for a long time" a long time.

At home She told me that she had worked there for

Possessive adjectives change

Los adjetivos posesivos tambien cambian observa: Por ejemplo necesitamos cambiar palabras como adjetivos posesivos o here tienen que trabajarse de la siguiente manera. Direct speech She says My father works here Indirect Speech / Reported Speech She said that her father worked there En este caso estamos efectuando dos cambios : El primero cambiamos el adjetivo posesivo de my a her por que ella dice en direct speech Mi papa trabaja aqu Y a la hora de hacer el reporte en estilo indirecto decimos Ella dijo que su papa ( de quien? pues el papa de ella) trabajaba ah Segundo cambio cambiamos de here ( aqu )por there.( ah) En este caso estamos diciendo Mi papa trabaja aqu y al reportarlo lo escribimos como: Ella dijo que su papa trabajaba ah aqu en este caso el lugar donde trabaja quiza ya no esta a la vista de quien lo reporta y tenemos que hacer el cambio Direct speech "We are working in this project today." En este caso tenemos tres cambios 1 Cambiamos el pronombre personal observa Direct speech Nosotros estamos trabajando en este proyecto hoy Tiempo presente Reported Speech o Indirect Speech lo cambiamos a tiempo pasado Ella dijo que ellos estaban trabajando en ese proyecto ayer + 24 hours after: Indirect speech She said : They are working in that project yesterday.