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Unix - Sun - Solaris Sysadmin

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Sections

What You Can Do With User Manager
Mount Home Directories Automatically
Add New Users Quickly
Set Default Settings for Adding Users
Modify User Accounts
Delete User Accounts
Add Customized User Initialization Files
Administer Passwords
Disable User Accounts
What You Can’t Do With User Manager
What You Can Do With Group Manager
Where User Account and Group Information Is Stored
Fields in the Password File
Fields in the Shadow File
Fields in the Group File
Customizing a User’s Work Environment
Use Site Initialization Files
Avoid Local System References
Shell Features
Shell Environment
ThePATH Variable
The Locale Variables
Default File Permissions (umask)
Examples of User and Site Initialization Files
Example—Site Initialization File
Setting Up and Maintaining User Accounts and Groups 2
Setting Up User Accounts
User Information Data Sheet
wHow to Customize User Initialization Files
wHow to Start Group Manager
wHow to Add a Group
wHow to Start User Manager
wHow to Set Up User Account Defaults
wHow to Add a New User Account
wHow to Copy an Existing User Account
wHow to Share a User’s Home Directory
wHow to Mount a User’s Home Directory
Maintaining User Accounts
wHow to Modify a Group
wHow to Delete a Group
wHow to Modify a User Account
wHow to Disable a User Account
wHow to Change a User’s Password
wHow to Change Password Aging for a User Account
wHow to Delete a User Account
Overview of Managing Server and Client Support 3
What Are Servers and Clients
What Does Support Mean
Overview of System Types
Servers
Standalone Systems
Diskless Clients
Dataless Clients
AutoClient Systems
Guidelines for Choosing System Types
Tools for Managing Server and Client Support
What You Can Do With Host Manager
Add and Maintain Support
Update System Types
Convert System Types
Add OS Services
Set Up Remote Installation Services
What You Can’t Do With Host Manager
Adding Server and Client Support
wHow to Start Solstice Host Manager
wHow to Update System Types
wHow to Set Defaults for Adding Support
wHow to Add SunOS 4.x OS Services to an OS Server
wHow to Add Solaris 2.x OS Services to an OS Server
wHow to Add Support for a Diskless Client
wHow to Add Support for a Dataless Client
Maintaining Server and Client Support
wHow to Modify Support for a System
wHow to Delete Support for a System
Terminology
Guidelines for Shutting Down a System
Guidelines for Booting a System
Performing a Reconﬁguration Boot
When to Shut Down a System
When to Boot a System
Run Levels and Boot Files 6
Run Levels
wHow to Determine a System’s Run Level
The/etc/inittab File
Example—Defaultinittab File
Run Control Scripts
Using a Run Control Script to Stop or Start Services
Adding a Run Control Script
wHow to Add a Run Control Script
Disabling a Run Control Script
wHow to Disable a Run Control Script
Run Control Script Summaries
Shutting Down a System 7
When to Shut Down the System
How to Shut Down a System
When to Turn Off Power to Devices
Notifying Users of System Down Time
wHow to Determine Who is Logged in to a System
wHow to Shut Down a Server
wHow to Shut Down a Standalone System
wHow to Turn Off Power to All Devices
Booting a SPARC System 8
Using the Boot PROM
wSPARC: How to Switch to theok Prompt
wSPARC: How to Find the PROM Release for a System
wSPARC: How to Change the Default Boot Device
wSPARC: How to Reset the System
wSPARC:How to Boot a System Interactively
wSPARC:How to Boot a System for Recovery Purposes
wSPARC:How to Stop the System for Recovery Purposes
Forcing a Crash Dump and Rebooting the System
SPARC: Troubleshooting System Problems
Booting an x86 System 9
wx86:How to Boot a System Interactively
wx86:How to Boot a System for Recovery Purposes
wx86:How to Stop the System for Recovery Purposes
x86: Troubleshooting System Problems
The Boot Process 10
SPARC: The Boot PROM
SPARC:The Boot Process
SPARC: The Boot Process Details
x86: The PC BIOS
Guidelines for Using CDs and Diskettes 11
Features and Beneﬁts
Comparison of Automatic and Manual Mounting
What You Can Do With Diskettes and CDs
Using CDs and Diskettes Through File Manager 12
wHow to Load a Diskette
wHow to Load a CD
wHow to Eject a Diskette or CD
Accessing Files on CDs and Diskettes
wHow to Examine the Contents of a Diskette or CD
wHow to Copy Information from a CD
Using CDs From the Command Line13
Using CDs
Using CD Names
wHow to Examine the Contents of a CD
wHow to Copy Information From a CD
wHow to Find Out If a CD is Still in Use
wHow to Eject a CD
wHow to Access CDs on Other Systems
wHow to Make Local CDs Available to Other Systems
wHow to Conﬁgure a System to Play Musical CDs
wHow to Prepare a System for a New CD-ROM Drive
Conﬁguring Volume Management
wHow to Stop Volume Management
wHow to Restart Volume Management
Formatting and Using Diskettes From the Command Line 14
Formatting Diskettes
Using Diskette Names
Hardware Considerations
wHow to Format a UFS Diskette
wHow Place a UFS File System on a Diskette
wHow to Format a DOS Diskette
Using Diskettes
wHow to Examine the Contents of a Diskette
wHow to Copy or Move Information From a Diskette
wHow to Copy or Move Information to a Diskette
wHow to Find Out If a Diskette Is Still in Use
wHow to Eject a Diskette
wHow to Access Diskettes on Other Systems
Using PCMCIA Memory Cards From the Command Line 15
Formatting PCMCIA Memory Cards
Using PCMCIA Memory Cards Names
wHow to Format a UFS PCMCIA Memory Card
wHow to Format a DOS PCMCIA Memory Card
Using PCMCIA Memory Cards
wHow to Load a PCMCIA Memory Card
wHow to Eject a PCMCIA Memory Card
How Volume Management Works 16
Volume Management Mounts All Removable Media
It Provides Access to Diskettes
It Provides Access to CDs
It Supplies Convenient Mount Points for Easier Access
It Creates Two Sets of Symbolic Links
Symbolic Links for File System Access
Symbolic Links for Raw Device Access
It Can Be Limited by UFS Formats
What About Mixed Formats?
Software Packages
Tools for Managing Software
What Happens When You Add or Remove a Package
What You Should KnowBefore Adding or Removing Packages
Guidelines for Client Software Administration
Installing Sun Packages on Servers and Clients
Installing Third-Party Packages on Servers and Clients
Installing Packages in Heterogeneous Environments
Guidelines for Removing Packages
Adding and Removing Packages 18
Commands for Handling Software Packages
Prerequisites
Problem With Adding and Removing Packages
Avoiding User Interaction When Adding Packages
Adding Packages
Using a Spool Directory
Adding Sun Packages on Clients
Adding Third-Party Packages on Clients
wHow to Add Packages to a Server
Checking the Installation of Packages
Removing Packages From Servers and Standalone Systems
wHow to Remove a Package
wHow to Remove a Diskless Client’s Package
wHow to Remove a Dataless Client’s Package
Managing Software Packages With Admintool
wHow to Start Admintool
wHow to Add Software With Admintool
Software Administration Troubleshooting 19
Speciﬁc Software Administration Errors
A User’s View
A System Administrator’s View
Guidelines for AnswerBook Administration
The Masterab_cardcatalog File
TheAB_CARDCATALOGEnvironment Variable
AnswerBook Startup Process
Environment Variables Useful in AnswerBook Administration
Compatibility Issues With Older Versions of AnswerBook
Compatibility of AnswerBook Viewers and Navigators
AnswerBook on X Terminals
Installing AnswerBook 21
Managing AnswerBook on the Network
AnswerBook Installation Options
AnswerBook Parent Installation Directory
Installing the End User AnswerBook From the Solaris CD
Removing an AnswerBook Package
Setting Up AnswerBook on the Network 22
Setting Up an AnswerBook Server and AnswerBook Clients
Setting Up an AnswerBook Server
Enabling Clients to Access the AnswerBook Server
Converting abookinfo File to anab_cardcatalog File
Usingab_admin to Manage theab_cardcatalog File
AnswerBook Troubleshooting 23
Speciﬁc AnswerBook Errors
General AnswerBook Problems
Overview of Patch Administration 24
What Is a Patch
Tools For Managing Patches
Patch Distribution
What You Need to Access Sun Patches
Patch Access Via the World-Wide Web
Patch Access Viaftp
Patch Numbering
What Happens When You Add a Patch
What Happens When You Remove a Patch
Overview of Device Management 25
About Device Drivers
Automatic Conﬁguration of Devices
What You Need For Unsupported Devices
Adding a Peripheral Device to a System
wHow to Add a Peripheral Device
wHow to a Add a Device Driver
Displaying Device Conﬁguration Information
driver not attached Message
Identifying a System’s Devices
wHow to Display Device Information
Accessing Devices 26
How Device Information Is Created
Device Naming Conventions
Logical Disk Device Names
Specifying the Disk Subdirectory
Specifying the Slice
SPARC:Disks With Direct Controllers
SPARC: Disks With Bus-Oriented Controllers
x86: Disks With SCSI Controllers
Logical Tape Device Names
Logical CD-ROM Device Names
Overview of Disk Management 27
Introduction
Disk Terminology
About Disk Slices
SPARC:Disk Slices
Slice Arrangements on Multiple Disks
Determining Which Slices to Use
Theformat Utility
Deﬁnition
When to Use theformat Utility
Guidelines for Using theformat Utility
About Disk Labels
Partition Table
Dividing a Disk Into Slices
Using the Free Hog Slice
Administering Disks 28
Identifying Disks on a System
wHow to Identify the Disks on a System
Formatting a Disk
wHow to Determine If a Disk Is Formatted
wHow to Format a Disk
Displaying Disk Slices
wHow to Display Disk Slice Information
Creating and Examining a Disk Label
wHow to Label a Disk
wHow to Examine a Disk Label
Recovering a Corrupted Disk Label
wHow to Recover a Corrupted Disk Label
Adding a Third-Party Disk
Creating aformat.dat Entry
wHow to Create aformat.dat Entry
Automatically Conﬁguring SCSI Disk Drives
wHow to Automatically Conﬁgure a SCSI Disk Drive
Repairing a Defective Sector
wHow to Repair a Defective Sector
Tips and Tricks
Debuggingformat Sessions
SPARC: Adding a Disk 29
SPARC: About System and Secondary Disks
SPARC: Adding a System or Secondary Disk
w SPARC: How to Connect a Secondary Disk and Boot
w SPARC: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk
w SPARC: How to Create File Systems
w SPARC: How to Install a Boot Block on a System Disk
x86: Adding a Disk 30
About System and Secondary Disks
Adding a System or Secondary Disk
wx86: How to Create File Systems
wx86: How to Restore File Systems
Theformat Utility 31
Requirements or Restrictions for Using theformat Utility
Format Menu and Command Descriptions
%format
Thepartition Menu
PARTITION MENU:
Theanalyze Menu
Thedefect Menu
Files Used byformat—format.dat
DEFECT MENU:
Structure
Syntax
Keywords
Slice Tables
Location
Rules for Input toformat Commands
Numbers
Block Numbers
Command Names
Other Names
Help
Associated Man Pages
Overview of File Systems 32
Types of File Systems
Disk-based File Systems
Network-based File Systems
Virtual File Systems
File System Administration Commands
Syntax of Generic Commands
Manual Pages for Generic and Speciﬁc Commands
The Default Solaris File Systems
Swap Space
The UFS File System
Disk Slices
Cylinder Groups
Types of Blocks
Size Restrictions on UFS File Systems
Planning UFS File Systems
UFS Fix-On-Panic
Mounting and Unmounting
Automounting Directories
Sharing Files From a Server
Determining a File System’s Type
Creating File Systems 33
Creating a UFS File System
File System Parameters
Creating a Temporary File System (TMPFS)
Creating a Loopback File System (LOFS)
Mounting File Systems
Verifying a Mounted File System
Commands Used to Mount and Unmount File Systems
General Mount Options
Field Descriptions of the/etc/vfstab File
wHow to See Which File Systems Are Mounted
wHow to Add an Entry in the/etc/vfstab File
wHow to Mount a UFS File System
wHow to Mount an NFS File System
wx86:How to Mount an S5FS File System
Unmounting File Systems
Verifying an Unmounted File System
wHow to Stop All Processes for a File System
wHow to Unmount a File System
Setting Up and Maintaining the Cache File System 35
How CacheFS Works
Setting Up a Cached File System
wHow to Create a Cache
Specifying a File System to Be Mounted in the Cache
wHow to Mount a File System in a Cache With AutoFS
Maintaining a Cached File System
Maintaining the Cache
wHow to Modify File Systems in a Cache
wHow to Display Information About Cached File Systems
wHow to Specify Consistency Checking on Demand
wHow toDelete a Cached File System
wHow to Check the Integrity of Cached File Systems
Setting Up and Viewing CacheFS Statistics 36
CacheFS Statistics
Prerequisites for Setting Up and Viewing the CacheFS Statistics
Setting Up CacheFS Statistics
Setting Up the Logging Process
wHow to Set Up the Logging Process
wHow to Locate the Log File
wHow to Stop the Logging Process
Viewing the Cache Size
wHow to View the Working Set (Cache) Size
Viewing the Statistics
wHow to View Cache Statistics
The Cache Structure and Behavior
Consistency Checking on Demand
Conﬁguring Additional Swap Space37
About Swap Space
Swap Space and Virtual Memory
Swap Space and thetmpfs File System
How Do I Know If I Need More Swap Space?
Swap-Related Error Messages
tmpfs-Related Error Messages
How Swap Space Is Allocated
The/etc/vfstab File
Planning for Swap Space
Monitoring Swap Resources
Adding More Swap Space
Creating a Swap File
Removing a Swap File From Use
Recognizing File Access Problems 38
Solving Problems With Search Paths
Solving Problems With Search Paths page625
Solving Problems With Permission and Ownership
wHow to Change File Ownership
wHow to Change File Group Ownership
Recognizing Problems With Network Access
Checking File System Integrity 39
Understanding How the File System State Is Recorded
Whatfsck Checks and Tries to Repair
Error Messages
Generalfsck Error Messages
Initialization Phasefsck Messages
Phase 1: Check Blocks and Sizes Messages
Phase 1B: Rescan for More DUPS Messages
Phase 2: Check Path Names Messages
Phase 3: Check Connectivity Messages
Phase 4: Check Reference Counts Messages
Phase 5: Check Cylinder Groups Messages
Cleanup Phase Messages
Modifying Automatic Boot Checking
Interactively Checking and Repairing a UFS File System
wHow to See If a File System Needs Checking
wHow to Check File Systems Interactively
Preening UFS File Systems
wHow to Preen a File System
Restoring a Bad Superblock
wHow to Restore a Bad Superblock
How to Fix a UFS File Systemfsck Cannot Repair
Syntax and Options for thefsck Command
File System Reference 40
Default Directories for Root (/) and/usr File Systems
Default Directories for Root (/) and /usr File Systems page695
The/kernel Directory
The Structure of UFS File System Cylinder Groups
Deciding on Custom File System Parameters
Commands for Creating a Customized File System
The Genericmkfs Command
Overview of Backing Up and Restoring File Systems 41
Deﬁnition: Backing Up and Restoring File Systems
Why You Should Back Up File Systems
Choosing a Tape Device
Planning Which File Systems to Back Up
Overview of the Backup and Restore Commands
Choosing the Type of Backup
Guidelines For Scheduling Backups
What Drives a Backup Schedule
How Often Should You Backup?
Using Dump Levels to Create Incremental Backups
Sample Backup Schedules
Other Backup Scheduling Recommendations
Backing Up Files and File Systems 42
Preparing to Do Backups
wHow to Find File System Names
Doing Backups
Troubleshooting
Restoring Files and File Systems 43
Preparing to Restore Files and File Systems
Determining the Disk Device Name
Determining the Type of Tape Drive You Will Use
Determining the Tape Device Name
Restoring Complete File Systems
Restoring Individual Files and Directories
Using a Remote Drive to Restore Files
Make Sure the Backup and Restore Commands Match
Check to Make Sure You Have the Right Current Directory
Restoring File Systems
wHow to Restore Speciﬁc Files
Howufsdump Works
Determining Device Characteristics
Detecting the End of Media
Copying Data
The Role of/etc/dumpdates
Backup Device (dump-ﬁle) Argument
Specifying Files to Back Up
End-of-Media Detection
Specifying Tape Characteristics
Limitations of theufsdump Command
Options and Arguments for theufsdump Command
Default Command Options
Options for theufsdump Command
Theufsdump Command and Security Issues
Options and Arguments for theufsrestore Command
Command Syntax
Options and Arguments
Commands for Interactive Restore
Copying UFS Files and File Systems45
Commands for Copying File Systems
Copying File Systems to Disk
Making a Literal File System Copy
wHow to Clone a Disk (dd)
Copying Files and File Systems to Tape
Copying Files to Tape Withpax
wHow to Copy Files to a Tape (pax)
Copying Files to Tape Withtar
wHow to Copy Files to a Tape (tar)
wHow to List the Files on a Tape (tar)
wHow to Retrieve Files From a Tape (tar)
wHow to List the Files on a Tape (cpio)
wHow to Retrieve All Files From a Tape (cpio)
wHow to Retrieve Speciﬁc Files From a Tape(cpio)
wHow to Extract Files From a Remote Tape Drive
Copying Files and File Systems to Diskette
Things You Should Know When Copying Files to Diskettes
wHow to List the Files on a Diskette (tar)
wHow to Retrieve Files From a Diskette (tar)
wHow to Archive Files to Multiple Diskettes
Copying Files with a Different Header Format
Retrieving Files Created With thebar Command
wHow to Retrievebar Files From a Diskette
Managing Tape Drives 46
Choosing Which Media to Use
Backup Device Names
Specifying the Default Density for a Tape Drive
Specifying Different Densities for a Tape Drive
Determining Tape Drive Types
wHow to Determine the Type of a Tape Drive
wHow to Show the Status of a Magnetic Tape Drive
Handling Magnetic Tape Cartridges
wHow to Retension a Magnetic Tape Cartridge
wHow to Rewind a Magnetic Tape Cartridge
Guidelines for Drive Maintenance and Media Handling

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Category:	Uncategorized.
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Upload Date:	06/16/2011
Copyright:	Attribution Non-commercial
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