First Lecture Drawing

8/17/2011
Engineering Drawing & Graphics
Computer Aided Drawing Code:

Spring 2010
Lecture 1
Nazeer Ahmed Anjum B. Sc (hnr) UET Taxila M. Sc UET Taxila
Cell No. 0300-5397864
8/17/2011
Marks Distribution
TOTAL MARKS Assignment Quizzes Mid Term Lab. Work Final = = = = = = 100 10% 10% 20% 20% 40%
8/17/2011
INTRODUCTION
Outline
Drawing Instruments Line Types Used in Engineering drawing Lettering and Drafting Techniques
8/17/2011
Drawing Instruments
8/17/2011
DRAWING INSTRUMENTS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Tee Square (T-Square) Pencils (HB, H, 2H) French Curves or Irregular Curves Adhesive Tape (Paper Tape) Handkerchief, duster, Dusting Brush or Tissue
8/17/2011
DRAWING INSTRUMENTS
6. Set-Squares 7. Rubber or Eraser 8. Instruments Box 9. Erasing Shield 10. Protractor 11. Pencil Sharpener 12. Drawing Sheet 13. Sketch Book
8/17/2011 Engineering Drawing & Graphics 7
Drawing Board: It is a plane square or

rectangular piece of wood with a smooth surface. Size of drawing board varies from 9 12 48 72 . Suitable size for student is 20 24 .
T-Square
It is used to draw straight
lines on the drafting sheet. It consists of A long strip called blade. Short piece called head. The inner and outer edges of blade and head are called working edges.
Drawing Sheet: It is a white sheet of

paper having enough grains or teeth against which the lead of the pencil may easily work. The color of the sheet preferred is light cream or buff.
8/17/2011
10
Drafting Tape (Scotch Tape): It is a colorless

sticking tape used to fix the sheet on the drawing board.
8/17/2011
11
Triangles or Set-Square
Two triangles are used
in drawing. A triangle with angles 45,45 and 90 is called 45 degree triangle. The other has 30,60 and 90 angles and is called 30-60 degree triangle.
8/17/2011
12
Compasses and Dividers: Compasses are used to

draw circles.
It consists of

Two moving arms. One fixed with a compass needle. The other arm may hold another needle, pencil, pen etc.
8/17/2011
13
Pencils: It is a basic instrument

used for making drawing on the sheet. It is made of graphite lead . Pencils are made of various hardness. Hardness of the pencil is specified by its grade, 9H to 7B.
Small Knife and Sandpaper: It is used to make the

required shape of the lead and foam is used for its final cleaning. It is a small wooden strip pasted with a sandpaper on one side and a small foam on the other end.
Erasing Shield
It is used to remove
extra lines after the completion of a drawing without disturbing the required lines. It is a thin metallic plate with designs of various shapes.
8/17/2011
16
Set of Circles (Circle Template)

It is a thin sheet of
plastic with circular openings of various sizes. It is used to draw curves tangent to other circles or simply for drawing the circles.
8/17/2011
17
French Curves
These are used to draw
different curves for the already plotted points and the freehand curves may be changed into smooth curves. These are made of plastic sheets.
8/17/2011
18
Starting An Engineering Drawing
8/17/2011
19
Drawing a Panel: Panel is the subscription corner of the

drawing, usually drawn at the right bottom of the drawing sheet. Border of about 1 is left from all sides of the drawing sheet.
Bahria University Name: Roll No. Scale: Dwg Name:
8/17/2011
Deptt: Electrical Angle of Projection Checked by & Grade

20
Division of Sheet
B
Top view
Side view
B
Front view
B X A= X-(L+W) 3
H= Height of object L= Length of object W= Width of object
8/17/2011
B= Y-(H+W) 3
A=Horizontal Spacing B=Vertical Spacing
Engineering Drawing & Graphics 21
Lines
Lines:If we say that Engineering Drawing is the language of Engineers then lines are the literature of this language. Lines are the continuous association of points. Lines are classified:
According to Thickness. According to Shape. According to Darkness.

Engineering Drawing & Graphics 23
8/17/2011
Lines used in Engineering Drawings:- Outlines. Dashed lines. Centre lines. Dimension lines. Construction lines. Hatching lines. Cutting plane lines. Break lines.
8/17/2011
Lines drawn to represent visible edges and surface boundaries. These are also called principal lines.
25
8/17/2011
Interior or hidden edges and surfaces are shown by dashed lines. Also called dotted lines. They are of medium thickness. They are short dashed lines of about 3-4mm with 1mm distance between them.
26
8/17/2011
These lines indicate axes of cylindrical, conical or spherical objects and the centers of circles. These are medium thick lines consisting of long and short dashes, long dashes of 6-8mm and 1mm distance between them.
27
8/17/2011
These are continuous thin lines terminated at the outer ends by pointed arrow-heads.
28
8/17/2011
These are thin lines drawn during the drawing to help in drawing complex geometrical structures.
29
8/17/2011
These are thin lines drawn parallel to each other at about 3mm. These lines show the presence of material while object is cut through.
30
8/17/2011
These lines show the location of the cutting plane. It is thin & long chain line with two small dashes of about 3-4mm and a long dash of about 6-8mm width.
31
8/17/2011
These lines show imaginary boundaries of the object or to skip up very long part of the object of similar width. Long break line
Short break line
32
Lettering and Drafting Techniques :

Two methods of lettering are available to the Mechanical/electronics drafter. 1. Freehand lettering. 2. Lettering accomplished with lettering guide. All lettering on a diagram must be of high quality and legible regardless of the final reduction size requirement of the drawing.
8/17/2011
33
Styles of Lettering :
The predominant lettering style for Mechanical drawings is the single-stroke, uppercase, commercial Times New Roman. Single stroke means that the required thickness or weight of each letter is formed using one stroke. Uppercase indicates that all letters are capitalized. Times New Roman style is one in which all strokes of each letter are even. (stroke : a line made by single movement of pen or brush in writing or painting.)
Styles of Lettering :
Either vertical or inclined letters are acceptable, but preferable are vertical characters. Only one type of lettering, either vertical or inclined, should appear on a drawing. Notes, either general or localized, are placed on a drawing to align to the bottom of the drawing.
8/17/2011
35
Vertical Letters and Numerals
8/17/2011
36
Inclined Letters and Numerals
8/17/2011
37
Fractions and Mixed Numbers.

Fractions and mixed numbers are drawn with a horizontal bar as shown.
8/17/2011
38
Spacing and Sizes :

Spacing between words should not be less than the height of one letter. Spacing between lines should not be less than the height of letters.
8/17/2011
39
Lettering Aids.
Ames guide provides guidelines as illustrated on right.
8/17/2011
40
Lettering Aids
This figure shows the use of guide in conjunction with a T-square. Guidelines should be light enough that they will not reproduce when the drawing is copied.
8/17/2011
41
LOCI OF POINTS
Locus:- A locus (Plural Loci) is a path of a
point which moves in space.
Locus of a Point:- The locus of a point P

moving in a plane about another point O in such a way that its distance from it is constant is a circle of radius equal to OP.
O P
LOCI OF POINTS
The locus of a point P moving in a plane in
such a way that its distance from a fixed line AB is constant, is a line through P , ||e to the fixed line.
P
8/17/2011
43
LOCI OF POINTS
When the fixed line is an arc of a circle, the
locus will be another arc drawn through P with the same center.
P
A O
8/17/2011 Engineering Drawing & Graphics
44
LOCI OF POINTS
The locus of a point equidistant from two fixed
points A & B in same plane is the perpendicular bisector of the line joining the two points.
A P D
C
B
45
LOCI OF POINTS
The locus of a point equidistant from two fixed
non-parallel straight lines AB & CD will be a straight line bisecting the angle b/w them.
C
D
46
Example
Draw the locus of a point equidistant
from a fixed straight line & a fixed point. A Solution
Let AB be the given straight line & C be the given point. From C draw a perpendicular to AB at D, Bisect CA at P, P is the locus point. Make a number of points 1, 2, 3, etc., on PC & through them draw lines ||e to AB.
8/17/2011
1 2
3 4
B
47
Example Cond .
Now taking center C and radius D1, draw
an arc cutting the line through 1 at P1 and P1 . Again with the same center & radius D2, draw an arc cutting the line through 2 at P2 & P2 . Similarly, obtain points & through them a smooth curve which is the required locus of P.
8/17/2011
48
ASSIGNMENT
1. Draw a point equidistant from two
given circles of unequal diameters. 2. Draw the loci of Crank Mechanism.
8/17/2011
49

First Lecture Drawing

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

First Lecture Drawing

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

8/17/2011

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Computer Aided Drawing Code:

Cell No. 0300-5397864

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Drawing Board: It is a plane square or

Drawing Sheet: It is a white sheet of

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Drafting Tape (Scotch Tape): It is a colorless

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Compasses and Dividers: Compasses are used to

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Pencils: It is a basic instrument

Small Knife and Sandpaper: It is used to make the

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Set of Circles (Circle Template)

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Starting An Engineering Drawing

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Drawing a Panel: Panel is the subscription corner of the

Deptt: Electrical Angle of Projection Checked by & Grade

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

According to Thickness. According to Shape. According to Darkness.

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Short break line

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Lettering and Drafting Techniques :

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Vertical Letters and Numerals

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Inclined Letters and Numerals

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Fractions and Mixed Numbers.

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Spacing and Sizes :

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

 Locus of a Point:- The locus of a point P

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

You might also like

Drawing Board: It is a plane square or

Drawing Sheet: It is a white sheet of

Drafting Tape (Scotch Tape): It is a colorless

Compasses and Dividers: Compasses are used to

Pencils: It is a basic instrument

Small Knife and Sandpaper: It is used to make the

Drawing a Panel: Panel is the subscription corner of the

Locus of a Point:- The locus of a point P