1)Trnh by v So snh Priority Queue va Custom Queue ( Trng hp s dng ) Hng i u Tin PQ (Priority Queue) _ Rt hu ch cho vic giao

tip gia cc Hng i tu chn CQ( CusTom traffic quan trng cn u tin trn mng Queue) WAN _ CQ c 16 hng i sn sng, ng _ Vi 4 mc u tin: cao, trung vi 16 cch u tin. bnh, bnh thng, v thp. _ Hin tng Round Robin- phc v _Hin tng Starvation lu lng hng i xoay vng v vy cc gi tin a vo hng i Low c kh nng b tr trong cc hng i cha n lt , phi hon khi lung lu lng trong nhng ch. hng i c u tin cao hn. _ Ch u tin bng thng v bng _ Ch u tin th t cc gi tin trn thng trn router khng u tin v mt router khng u tin v mt bng thng th t cc gi tin. _ u tin lun hng ti x l mc u tin cao, cc hng i c u tin thp khng th gi gi i. + c im chung : + Khng cn phn lp lu lng , mi lp tng ng vi tng hng i u tin c khai bo mc nh . + p dng tnh chc PHB- Per Hop Behavior ( mi node < router > c nhng hng i u tin ng vi cch khai bo cp u tin khc nhau trong chiu lu lng ca ng dng). + Cu hnh dng tnh v khng t ng cp nht cc thay i ca mng. 2)Trnh by v so snh DSCP va ToS. Kh nng kt hp dng chung gia chng. 3) Trnh by v so snh DiffServ v IntServ ( Mi trng s dng) + M hnh dch v tch hp IntServ (Intergrated Services). Thc hin bo hiu cc nt trn mng t ni cn truyn n ch dnh sn ti nguyn. Ty theo loi dch v m cc nt trn mng dnh cho n ti nguyn. _ u im : _ M hnh InServ m bo cht lng dch v theo lung (flow). Mt lung c xc nh bi cc tham s: a ch IP ngun, IP ch, cng ngun, cng ch.InServ s dng giao thc RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol) bo hiu. _ m bo cht lng dch v tuyt i, t u cui n u cui (end-toend _ Khuyt im: _ Tn ti nguyn mng v ch. _ Hn ch vi h thng mng c s lng flow ln _ Khng linh hot v kh nng m rng thp nn thng khng c la chn thc hin QoS trong mng c quy m ln.

+ M hnh dch v phn bit DiffServ (Differentiated Services): khng dnh sn knh nh Intserv m thc hin theo cch nh nhn. Mi loi dch v c gn cho mt nhn. Gi tin n mi nt ty thuc vo nhn c gn s c x l khc nhau. _ u im : _ Khng dng bt k giao thc bo hiu no dnh trc bng thng mng, do vy tit kim c bng thng mng. _ C th s dng cho mng ln v c mng nh vi s lu lng rt ln t tn ti nguyn mng Tn nhiu ti nguyn mng _ Xt u tin gi trn tng chn _ Kh nng m rng mng cao v phc v a dch v _ Khuyt im : _ Rt kh t c QoS cho tng ng dng c th do ch xt n tng lp dch v. _ DiffServ khng ph hp cho mi trng mng hn hp c nh di ng. 4) Trnh by giao thc RTP v RTCP. Nu r vai tr ca RTCP trong vic ginh ti nguyn trong mng RTP (even port-port chn) _ RTP cung cp chc nng mng vn chuyn end-to-end cho nhng ng dng truyn d liu m yu cu thi gian thc (real-time) nh l m thanh v video. Nhng chc nng bao gm nhn din loi d liu, s trnh t, tham s thi gian v gim st tin trnh gi. - RTP l thnh phn quan trng ca VoIP bi v n cho php thit b ch sp xp v iu chnh li thi gian cho gi tin thoi trc khi c gi n ngi dng. - Sequence number c tng thm bi 1 i vi tng gi tin, gi tr khi u ( ca gi tin u tin ) c chn ngu nhin nhm mc ch bo mt. Xem xt gi tr trong trng ny, receiver c th xc nh c gi tin b mt hoc out of oder tnh tan sc xut mt gi hay iu chnh thi gian playout ca d liu nhm m bo cht lng ca dch v. - Timestamp c s dng tnh tan ng b cng nh jitter ca d liu, v vy gi tr trong trng ny lun tng mt cch tuyn tnh v n iu ty thuc theo xung clock ly mu c s dng cho tng lai d liu ( vd video l 90kHz) bt u t thi im byte u tin ca gi RTP. Gi tr u tin cng c chn ngu nhin. RTCP(Real-Time Transport Control Protocol)odd port-port l - RTCP gim st cht lng ca qu trnh phn phi d liu v cung cp tin trnh iu khin thng tin. RTCP cung cp thng tin phn hi da theo iu kin ca mng: - RTCP cung cp c ch cho nhng thit b lin quan trong phin (session) RTP trao i thng tin v gim st v iu khin phin. - RTCP gim st cht lng ca cc yu t nh l m gi (packet count), mt gi, tr, jitter. RTCP truyn gi bng 1% bng thng ca phin, nhng mt tc xc nh trong t nht mi 5 giy. - Tham s thi gian Network Time Protocol(NTP) da vo cc xung c ng b. Tham s thi gian RTP tng ng th c to ngu nhin v da vo tin trnh ly mu gi d liu. C hai NTP v RTP th c t trong gi RTCP bi ngi gi d liu.

5) Trnh by hot ng ca giao thc RSVP , nu r chc nng nhim v ca tng loi gi tin trong RSVP RSVP : l giao thc bo hiu ginh bng thng cho ng dng u tin trong m hnh IntServ _ c gi nh k theo chiu lu lng u tin khai bo cho cc thit b mng v nhng c im, thng s ca lu lng u tin. Cc loi thng ip trong RSVP 1. Path s dng yu cu ti nguyn dnh trc 2. Resv Gi p ng bn tin ng thit lp v duy tr d tr ti nguyn. 3. PathTear- S dng xa d tr ti nguyn khi mng theo hng i. 4. ResvTear S dng xa b ti nguyn khi mng theo hng v. 5. PathErr Thng bo li bn tin Path 6. ResvErr- Thng bo li bn tin Resv 7. ResvConf L mt bn tin ty chn, gi ngc li ti pha gi ca bn tin Resv xc nhn rng ti nguyn d tr xc nh thc s c ci t 8. ResvTearConf- S dng xc nhn d tr ti nguyn xc nh b xa khi mng. M hnh hot ng ( gm 6 bc)
2 1 PATH RES V

R2

R3 R4
PATH RES V

R1

PA TH RE S V

Host A 24.1.70.210

TH S PA RE V

5 6

Host B 128.32.32.69

R5

1/ ng dung trn Host A s to 1 phin n my ch co Ip : 128.32.32.69 bng RSVP ti host A 2/ Ti host A , RSVP s to bn tin Path v s gi n router gn nht R1 nhm a n a ch 128.32.32.69

3/ Bn tin Path tip tc thng qua R5 v R4 cho n khi n ch l Host B

4/ ng dng ti host B s tip nhn RSVP ny v kim tra phin 128.32.32.69. Kim tra xem cc bn tin ny c tn ti trong phin khng . 5/ Host B s dng RSVP to ra bn tin Resv gi ngc li R4 v a ch gi l 24.1.70.210 6/Bn tin Resv tip tc thng qua R5 v R1 cho n khi ti Host A. 6) Trnh by nhng yu cu v cht lng dch v , nu r tnh cht ca cc loi lu lng c bit . Tt c cc ng dng u yu cu mt mc cht lng dch v no , mi mt ng dng u c mt s c tnh c bn khc nhau. nhn bit cc yu cu cht lng dch v, h thng thng nhn bit qua cc lp dch v.

Lp QoS 0 1 2 3 4 5

Cc c tnh QoS Thi gian thc, nhy cm vi jitter, tng tc cao Thi gian thc, nhy cm vi jitter, tng tc D liu chuyn giao, tng tc cao D liu chuyn giao, tng tc Tn hao thp (chuyn giao ngn, d liu bulk, video) Cc ng dng nguyn thu ca mng IP ngm nh

Thi gian thc + Nhy cm vi tr gi +Bo m s chm tr ti a l hu ch n hi ng dng + Tng tc truyn d liu (e.g. HTTP, FTP) + Nhy cm vi s chm tr trung bnh, khng ui phn phi + S lng ln d liu chuyn giao (e.g. mail v cung cp tin tc) + N lc hot ng tt nht