:

: 2010 719 - 2011 5 17

:
: 296,000

01

1.

I
2 ,
, , ,

(, ,
), 2 , ,
,

1.

II
,
PCOS ,

, , ,
, , compliance,

1.

Prenatal

Reproductive

Childhood

Premature
Adrenarche

Adolescence

Reproductive

Postmenopausal

Menstrual Irregularity
Hirsutism
Acne

Insulin Resistance

Metabolic

Intrauterine
Growth
Retardation

?
Cancer

Impaired Glucose Tolerance

T2 DM
Dyslipidemia

CV Disease

Endometrial
Cancer

Sam, Tremds Endocrinol Metab, 2003

1.

Age-related changes in the PCOS

phenotype throughout lifespan

Reproductive abnormalities
Clinical hyperandrogenism
Overweight/obesity
Metabolic abnormalities (T2DM)
Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism (?)
CVD (?)

Adolescence

Adult fertile age

Menopause

Postmenopause

Age-related changes in the PCOS phenotype throughout a life span

Pasquali R and Gambineri A. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006;1092:158

1.

PCOS , TIIDM

PCOS 9-22%,
28.1-39.0%

PCOS

?
?

1.

1.

: intermediate marker
1.
2.
hs CRP
3.
4.

CT

5.

02

Case Cohort Study

: insulin resistance, obesity, hyperandrogenism

(+)

(-)

(-)

(-)

2.

1.

.


.
2.PCOS

2.

1. :

2. : 2 ,
subclinical CV disease intermediate marker
3. ; PCOS
, leaflet
, ,
, (6 1 )
4. : ,
,

2.

PCOS

PCOS

,
,

,



PCOS (,

) DB

PCOS

PCOS phenotype

subgroup , , , ,
PCOS ,

, , ,

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

1. 20-39
2. 10
35
3.
:
Total T >= 65 ng/dL
Free T >= 0.86 ng/dL
4. prolactin
5. 3
, insulin sensitizing
drug, ,
,

1.
2.
3.
4.

5. androgen-secreting
tumors
6. 3
, insulin
sensitizing drug,
,
,

2.

Primary outcome: , ,

Secondary outcome: intermediate
marker (hsCRP, homocysteine, FMD, carotid intima
thickness )
2 , , , ,
,

2.

Enroll

03

3.

marker

Title in here

3.

 : I CRT
1.vital signs & additional information at study baseline


) 160Cm->160.0

3.

3.

3.

Rotterdam Criteria

NIH 1990 Criteria

AES Criteria

: 2.2-13%

Frank S. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:786

3.

ID

OM+HA

26

7.4

OM+PCO

121

34.3

OM+PCO+HA

206

58.4

SNU %
OM+HA

13.9

Boston %

18

OM+PCO

31.3

OM+PCO+HA

52.4

71

(
)

()

EH0001

012-0001

217

KK0001

015-0001

63

KY0001

021-0001

KR0001

()

013-0001

21

KD0001

018-0001

24

AJ0001

032-0001

21

IB0001

039-0001

CA0001

()

005-0001

CN0001

041-0001

3.

: Total T

: Free T

0.86

234

66.3

60.6

0.86

119

33.7

100

353

100

65

139

39.4

65

214

353

121

34.3

FT

18

5.1

TT

113

32.0

TT+FT

101

28.6

353

100

non HA

26

7.4

327

92.6

353

100

3.

androgen
TT
N

Mean

Free T
SD

OM+HA
26 75.96 10.90
OM+PCO
119 53.52 7.86
OM+PCO+HA 206 79.51 15.25

351 70.44 17.71

Mean

SD

0.00

0.90
0.54
0.96
0.81

0.44
0.15
0.42
0.41

SHBG
P

Mean

0.00

77.08
84.09
73.68
77.43

SD

32.61
26.99
0.068
44.52
38.84

3.

BMI androgen
BMI :Total T
Lean
Obese
TT
Obesity

N
241
36
74
351

BMI :Free T

Mean SD
P
70.49 18.15 0.209
74.61 18.01
68.24 15.87
70.44 17.71

Lean
Free
Obese
T
Obesity

N
239
36
74
349

Mean
0.74
0.98
0.96
0.81

SD
P
0.39 0.000
0.46
0.37
0.41

BMI :SHBG
Lean
SH Obese
BG Obesity

N
238
36
74
348

Mean SD
P
85.35 40.39 0.000
69.06 25.59
56.04 29.28
77.43 38.84

3.

: BMI
N

Mean

OM+HA
26 22.32
OM+PCO
121 21.54
BMI
OM+PCO+HA 206 22.85

353 22.37

Free T: BMI
SD

4.39 0.031
3.52
4.71
4.34

Free T : / W/H ratio

: / W/H ratio
N Mean SD
OM+HA
OM+PCO
OM+PCO+HA

OM+HA
OM+PCO
OM+PCO+HA

OM+HA
W/H OM+PCO
ratio OM+PCO+HA

26
121
204
351
26
121
204
351
26
121
204
351

76.13
74.84
77.46
76.46
93.43
91.23
92.63
92.21
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.83

Free T
N Mean SD
P
0.86 234 21.22 3.31 0.000
BMI
0.86 119 24.62 5.19

10.70 0.109
9.81
11.41
10.87
7.28 0.245
7.96
8.45
8.21
0.07 0.071
0.06
0.07
0.07

Free T
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
W/H 0.86
ratio 0.86

N Mean SD
234
117
234
117
234
117

73.78
81.81
90.66
95.29
0.81
0.86

21.1 in
Korea
23.7-30.3
in other

9.10 0.000
12.12
7.34 0.008
8.99
0.06 0.038
0.07

3.

Free T:

N Mean SD
P
OM+HA
26 113.13 12.28 0.683
OM+PCO 121 111.28 12.72
SBP OM+PCO
+HA

OM+HA
OM+PCO
DBP
OM+PCO
+HA

Free T
SBP

206 112.46 13.73

353 112.10 13.27
26 70.46 9.88 0.921
121 69.62 9.58

DBP

Me
an

SD

0.86 234 110.83 13.20 0.954

0.86 119 114.60 13.11
0.86 234 68.81

9.84 0.560

0.86 119 71.87

9.95

206 69.90 10.24

353 69.84

9.97

3.

: Total C
N

Mean

SD

: TG
P

OM+HA
26 179.00 31.20 0.023
OM+PCO 121 174.22 27.96
TC OM+PCO
205 183.47 29.89
+HA

352 179.96 29.57

:HDL
OM+HA
OM+PCO
HDL
OM+PCO
chol
+HA

N Mean SD
P
26 56.92 13.11 0.354
121 60.28 15.17
205 58.18 14.19
352 58.81 14.47

N Mean

SD

OM+HA
26 82.04 39.50 0.263
OM+PCO 121 84.05 72.99
TG OM+PCO+
205 95.42 65.13
HA

352 90.53 66.57

: LDL
N Mean
OM+HA
OM+PCO
LDL
OM+PCO
Chol
+HA

SD

26 103.50 30.17 0.004

120 96.26 25.10
200 106.92 28.51
346 102.96 27.87

3.

Free T `
Free T : Total C

Free T: TG

Free T
N Mean SD
P
0.86 233 176.3 28.2 0.121
T.C
0.86 119 187.12 30.96

TG

Free T
N Mean SD
P
0.86 233 79.46 57.29 0.000
0.86 119 112.19 77.55

Free T :HDL

Free T : LDLC

Free T
N Mean SD
P
HDL 0.86 233 61.67 14.64 0.128
chol 0.86 119 53.2 12.37

Free T
N Mean SD
P
LDL 0.86 229 98.03 25.83 0.171
chol 0.86 117 112.62 29.27

3.

BMI
BMI : Total C
N
Lean
Obese
T.C
Obesity

Mean

BMI : LDLC
SD

242 175.6 28.62 0.000

36 183.53 27.12
74 192.49 30.32
352 179.96 29.57

BMI : TG
Lean
Obese
TG
Obesity

N Mean SD
P
242 72.19 29.47 0.000
36 101.06 57.4
74 145.35 112.45
352 90.53 66.57

BMI :HDL
Lean
HDL Obese
chol Obesity

N Mean SD
P
242 62.54 14.14 0.000
36 54.97 12.24
74 48.47 10.62
352 58.81 14.47

Lean
LDL_ Obese
chol Obesity

N
236
36
74
346

Mean SD
P
97.17 25.68 0.000
108.33 24.7
118.82 29.63
102.96 27.87

3.

:
OM+HA
OM+PCO
FPG
OM+PCO+HA

N
26
104
202
332

: insulin

Mean
89
87.64
89.48
88.87

SD
P
9.49 0.284
8.86
9.95
9.59

: 75g OGT
IM+HA

PP IM+PCO
G IM+PCO+HA

N
26
104
201
331

Mean SD
P
101.96 20.93 0.315
100.22 22.5
104.29 22.38
102.83 22.32

OM+HA
OM+PCO
FPI
OM+PCO+HA

N Mean SD
P
26 9.67 3.44 0.188
117 9.27 5.56
203 10.46 5.95
346 9.99 5.68

: 75g OGT insulin

IM+HA
IM+PCO
PPI
IM+PCO+HA

N
26
116
200
342

Mean SD
P
39.58 19.53 0.035
37.57 34.41
50.72 51.94
45.41 45.18

: HOMA IR
IM+HA
HO
IM+PCO
MA
IM+PCO+HA

IR

N
26
104
201
331

Mean
2.11
1.90
2.38
2.21

SD
P
0.72 0.014
0.91
1.57
1.36

3.

Free T `
Free T :
Free T
0.86
FPG
0.86

N Mean SD
P
215 87.6 9.69 0.975
117 91.2 8.98

: insulin
Free T
0.86
FPI
0.86

N Mean SD
P
228 8.98 4.41 0.000
118 11.95 7.19

: 75g OGT insulin

: 75g OGT
Free T
0.86
PPG
0.86

N Mean SD
P
214 99.14 20.71 0.029
117 109.56 23.64

: HOMA IR
Free T
HOMA I0.86
R 0.86

N Mean SD
P
214 1.89 20.71 0.000
117 1.90 23.64

Free T
0.86
PPI
0.86

N Mean SD
P
226 36.2 27.74 0.000
116 63.35 63.69

3.

Insulin Resistance ; HOMA IR

: IR
N

Mean

OM+HA

21

OM+PCO

84

OM+PCO+HA

Total

Free T : IR
%

MeaN

0.002

23.8 0.480

0.86

177

57

32.2

37

44.0

0.86

71

48

67.6

143

63

44.0

248

105

42.3

IR:42-71.4%

3.

: marker `
homocysteine

: hsCRP
OM+HA

HS_ OM+PCO
CRP OM+PCO+HA

N
26
121
205
352

Mean

1.09
1.31
1.15
1.2

SD
P
2.57 0.834
2.88
2.42
2.59

: Apo-B
N Mean

SD

OM+HA
26 62.85 15.15 0.019
OM+PCO
119 61.13 14.61
Apo.B
OM+PCO+HA 200 66.54 18.06

345 64.39 16.88

N
OM+HA
26
OM+PCO
120
Hcy
OM+PCO+HA 200

346

Mean

11.73
10.7
11.0
10.95

SD
P
3.63 0.204
2.78
2.58
2.74

3.

Free T: marker
Free T : hsCRP
HS_
CRP

Total T
65
65

N Mean
139 1.41
213 1.06

SD
2.84
2.41

P
0.203

Free T : Apo-B
Apo.
B

Total T
65
65

N Mean
SD
P
137 63.53 16.79 0.757
208 64.97 16.96

Free T : homocysteine

Hcy

Total T
65
65

N Mean
SD
P
138 10.64 2.69 0.689
208 11.15 2.76

3.

BMI : marker
BMI : hsCRP
Lean
HS_CR Obese
P Obesity

N
242
36
74
352

Mean

0.76
1
2.73
1.2

BMI : homocysteine
SD
P
2.22 0.000
1.37
3.47
2.59

BMI : Apo-B
Lean
Obese
Apo.B
Obesity

Mean
N
SD
P
235 59.29 13.41 0.000
36 68.08 15.67
74
78.8 18.67
345 64.39 16.88

Lean
Obese
Hcy
Obesity

N
236
36
74
346

Mean

11.03
10.84
10.74
10.95

SD
P
2.8 0.708
2.67
2.61
2.74

3.

Carotid IMT
: Max IMT
OM+HA

Max OM+PCO
IMT
OM+PCO+HA
(mm)

N
4
35
64
103

Mean SD
P
0.455 0.068 0.642
0.438 0.078
0.455 0.095
0.449 0.089

: Mean IMT
OM+HA

Mean OM+PCO
IMT
OM+PCO+HA
(mm)

N
4
35
64
103

Mean SD
P
0.428 0.056 0.576
0.407 0.070
0.431 0.087
0.423 0.081

3.

Carotid IMT
Free T: Max IMT
Ft_100_code
0.86

Max
IMT 0.86

Mea
SD
n

N
0.86

0.86

Free T: Mean IMT

P

62 0.440 0.081 0.172

41 0.464 0.098

Free T: Max IMT

N Mean SD
0.56ng/dL

Max 0.56 ~0.70ng/dL

IMT 0.70~0.97ng/dL
(mm) 0.97ng/dL

24

0.420 0.074 0.170

19

0.460 0.93

28

0.441 0.069

32

0.471 0.106

103 0.449 0.089

Free T
Mean 0.86
IMT 0.86

N
62
41

SD
P
0.412 0.075 0.076
0.440 0.087
Mean

3.

Carotid IMT: BMI

BMI : Max IMT
BMI

Lean
Max Lean (-2)
IMT Obese
(mm)
Obesity

SD

Mean

69
67
12

0.438
0.431
0.450

0.079 0.117
0.069 0.039
0.093

22

0.483

0.109

103

0.449

0.089

Free T: Mean IMT

BMI
Lean
Lean (-2)
Mean
Obese
IMT
(mm) Obesity

N
Mean
69 0.411
67 0.405
12 0.423

SD

0.071 0.048
0.062 0.013
0.091

22

0.460

0.095

103

0.423

0.081

3.

FMD
: Baseline brachial artery diameter
N Mean SD

2 0.32 0.08 0.871

Baseline OM+HA
13 0.3 0.03
brachial OM+PCO
artery OM+PCO+HA 39 0.3 0.03
diameter

54 0.31 0.03

: %
N Mean

SD

OM+HA
2 8.93 0.87 0.799
OM+PCO
13 10.82 4.61
%OM+PCO+H
39 10.92 3.95
A

54 10.82 4.02

: %
N Mean

SD

2 29.95 17.16 0.915

OM+HA
13 27.72 9.56
OM+PCO
% OM+PCO+HA 39 28.21 5.67

54 28.15 7.04

3.

FMD
Free T : Baseline brachial artery diameter

Free T: %

Free T
N Mean SD
P
Baseline
0.86 25 0.3 0.03 0.558
brachial
artery
0.86 29 0.31 0.04
diameter

Free T
N Mean SD
P
0.86 25 28.7 7.54 0.852

% 0.86 29 27.7 6.67

Free T: %
Free T
N Mean SD
P
0.86 25 11.0 4.18 0.739

% 0.86 29 10.7 3.95

BMI FMD
BMI : Baseline brachial artery diameter
BMI
Baseline Lean
brachial Obese
artery Obesity
diameter

N Mean SD
33 0.30
5 0.31
16 0.32
54 0.31

0.03 0.07
0.04
0.04
0.03

BMI : %
BMI
Lean
Obese
% Obesity

N Mean SD
33 11.1
5 9.4
16 10.8
54 3.29

4.02 0.71
2.03
4.56
1.23

Predictors of Endothelial Dysfunction in Young Women

with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Women with PCOS have significant
endothelial dysfunction at an early
age (i.e. early 20s), and largely
independent of obesity.
This suggests that women with PCOS
are at increased risk for early onset
CV disease and may gain particular
benefit from measures to improve
endothelial function.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 50885095, 2005

3.

:
N

Pearson ()

BMI

353

0.301

0 .000

Free T

349

0.055

0.307

Total T

351

-0.073

0.170

BMI

353

Free T

349

0.287

0 .000

Total T

351

0.008

0.881

BMI

351

0.887

0 .000

Free T

347

0.293

0 .000

Total T

349

-0.011

0.838

BMI

351

0.841

0 .000

Free T

347

0.200

0 .000

Total T

349

-0.006

0.914

BMI
/
Free T

Total T

351

0.602

0 .000

347

0.287

0 .000

349

-0.010

0.846

BMI

3.

:
Free T

75g PPG

FPI

PPI

HOMA_IR

BMI
Total T
TT
BMI
Free T
Total T
BMI
Free T
Total T
BMI
Free T
Total T
BMI
Free T
Total T

Pearson

332
328
330
331
327
329
346
343
345
342
339
341
325
322
324

0.285
0.134
0.035
0.348
0.206
0.050
0.559
0.184
-0.057
0.436
0.259
0.046
0.593
0.224
-0.010

0 .000
0.015
0.529
0 .000
0 .000
0.368
0 .000
0.001
0.295
0 .000
0 .000
0.393
0 .000
0 .000
0.861

3.

T.C

Triglyceride

HDL_chol

LDL_Chol

Pearson

()

BMI

352

0.251

0 .000

Free T

348

0.175

0.001

Total T

350

0.112

0.036

BMI

352

0.429

0 .000

Free T

348

0.174

0.001

Total T

350

-0.065

0.227

BMI

352

-0.452

0 .000

Free T

348

-0.210

0 .000

Total T

350

0.022

0.682

BMI

346

0.371

0 .000

Free T

342

0.264

0 .000

Total T

344

0.137

0.011

3.

: CV Ds intermediate marker
N

HS_CRP

Homocystein

Apo.B

Pearson ()

BMI

352

0.387

0 .000

Free T

348

0.008

0.878

Total T

350

-0.137

0.011

BMI

346

-0.038

0.483

Free T

342

0.036

0.513

Total T

344

0.125

0.021

BMI

345

0.505

0 .000

Free T

341

0.275

0 .000

Total T

343

0.058

0.288

3.

:
SHBG

Ft_100

TT

Prolactin

17a_OHPG

TSH

BMI
Free T
Total T
BMI
Free T
Total T
BMI
Free T
Total T
BMI
Free T
Total T
BMI
Free T
Total T
BMI
Free T
Total T

N
348
348
348
349
349
349
351
349
351
349
347
349
342
342
342
348
346
348

Pearson
-0.338
-0.473
-0.027
0.287
1
0.535
0.008
0.535
1
-0.065
-0.051
-0.085
-0.037
0
0.209
0.202
0.107
0.006

()
0 .000
0 .000
0.611
0 .000
0 .000
0.881
0.000
0.223
0.347
0.113
0.496
0.847
0 .000
0 .000
0.048
0.910

3.

Max IMT

Mean IMT
FMD1
(baseline
diameter)

Pearson

()

BMI

103

0.196

0.047

Free T

102

0.091

0.365

Total T

103

0.067

0.502

BMI

103

0.207

0.036

Free T

102

0.100

0.317

Total T

103

0.032

0.746

BMI

54

0.297

0.029

Free T

53

0.080

0.569

Total T

54

-0.140

0.314

BMI

54

-0.110

0.429

Free T

53

-0.129

0.357

Total T

54

-0.139

0.315

BMI

54

-0.287

0.035

Free T

53

0.013

0.924

Total T

54

-0.065

0.640

3.

: Free T

Y=-0.667+1.786X

Y=0.214+0.027X

Y=0.391+0.007X
Y=0.420+0.004X

3.

:
abdominal CT
Total_fat_area (cm2)

Whole body DEXA

Total_body_fat (g)

Pearson

0.945

0.972

()

0.000

0.000

87

88

Pearson

0.828

0.937

()

0.000

0.000

58

59

Pearson

0.904

0.945

()

0.000

0.000

29

29

In body

()

(BMI23)

(BMI>23)

3.

: II

Pearson
android
()
fat ()
N
android Pearson
Fat
()
(BMI 23
)
N
android Pearson
Fat
()
(BMI 23
)
N

Whole body DEXA

abdominal
CT: Total
fat area

Trunk
Total

AG
ratio

Truncal
fat

In body

0.698 0.407

0.816

0.72

0.895

0.973

0.746

0.000 0.000

0.000

0.000 0.000

0.000

0.000

89

88

87

WH
ratio

87

88

89

89

0.573 0.448

0.818

0.740 0.876

0.960

0.608

0.000 0.000

0.000

0.000 0.000

0.000

0.000

60

59

59

60

59

60

60

0.608 0.593

0.720

0.501 0.828

0.961

0.610

0.000 0.001

0.000

0.006 0.000

0.000

0.000

29

29

29

27

29

29

29

3.

: carotid IMT FMD

Baseline
Maximum
Mean
artery diame
carotid IMT carotid IMT
ter (mm)
Pearson
Maximum
carotid IMT

NTG %
change

0.966

0.247

0.284

0.224

0.000

0.074

0.039

0.107

103

103

53

53

53

Pearson

0.966

0.266

0.276

0.209

()

0.000

0.054

0.045

0.133

53

53

53

()
N

Mean
carotid IMT

FMD %
change

87

87

3.

: carotid IMT

Maximum

Mean

Triglyc
Apo.B
eride

HOMA
Free T
-IR

SH
BG

BMI

0.196

0.184

0.306

0.295

0.180 0.307 0.251 0.254 0.091

0.047

0.063

0.004

0.003

0.072 0.002 0.011 0.010 0.365 0.053

103

103

89

102

0.211

0.207

0.334

0.302

0.187 0.311 0.276 0.283 0.110

0.033

0.036

0.001

0.002

0.061 0.001 0.005 0.004 0.272 0.028

103

103

89

102

101

101

FBS

102

102

FPI

102

102

101

101

102

102

0.192

102
0.218

102

3.

: carotid IMT

3.

: FMD
BMI

SBP

DiBP

Total
fat
area

Visceral
Fat
area

A/G
ratio

Totalbod
yDEXA
(g)

Baseline
artery
p
diameter
(mm)
N

0.30

0.28

0.26

0.37

0.30

0.31

0.19

0.31

0.31

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.01

0.04

0.03

0.19

0.03

0.02

54

53

54

54

47

47

48

48

54

-0.11

-0.02

-0.04

-0.20

0.02

0.20

0.25

0.02

-0.20

0.43

0.86

0.80

0.16

0.89

0.17

0.08

0.92

0.15

54

53

54

54

47

47

48

48

54

-0.29

-0.29

0.02

-0.18

-0.19

-0.12

-0.05

-0.23

-0.25

0.04

0.04

0.87

0.20

0.21

0.44

0.74

0.12

0.07

54

53

54

54

47

47

48

48

54

FMD
%
change

NTG
%
change

3.

: FMD

3.

:
: >= 140mmHg or >= 90mmHg
: 120-139mmHg or 80-89mmHg
: < 120mmHg and < 80mmHg

OM+HA
N
(%)
19
76%

OM+PCOM
N
(%)
85
72.03%

OM+PCOM+HA
N
(%)
148
75.51%

16%

25

21.19%

37

2
25

8%
100%

8
118

6.78%
100%

11
196

N
252

(%)
74.34% 0.938

18.88%

66

19.47%

5.61%
100%

21
339

6.19%
100%

free testosterone

Ft 0.86
N
(%)
176
77.53%

Ft 0.86
N
(%)
76
67.86%

N
252

(%)
74.34%

39

17.18%

27

24.11%

66

19.47%

12
227

5.29%
100%

9
112

8.04%
100%

21
339

6.19%
100%

3.

:
: 25kg/m2
: 85cm
Free T:
Ft 0.86

Ft 0.86

(%)

(%)

(%)

30

12.82%

44

36.97%

74

20.96%

0.093

204

87.18%

75

63.23%

279

79.04%

234

100%

119

100%

353

100%

Free T:
Ft 0.86

Ft 0.86

(%)

(%)

(%)

28

11.97%

44

36.97%

72

20.40%

0.000

206

88.03%

75

63.03%

281

79.60%

234

100%

119

100%

353

100%

0.157

3.

: `
240mg/dl
HDL 40mg/dl
:
OM+HA

N
2
24
26

OM+PCOM

%
7.7%
92.3%
100. 0%

N
1
120
121

%
0.80%
99.2%
100.0%

OM+PCOM
+HA
N
%
10
4.9%
196
95.1%
206
100.0%

N
13
340
353

%
3.7%
96.3%
100.0%

0.093

: HDL
OM+HA

N
2
24
26

OM+PCOM

(%)
7.7%
92.3%
100.0%

N
6
115
121

(%)
5.0%
95.0%
100.0%

OM+PCOM
+HA
N
(%)
15
7.3%
191
92.7%
206 100.0%

N
23
330
353

(%)
6.5%
93.5%
100.0%

0.691

3.

: `
240mg/dl
HDL 40mg/dl
Free T:
Ft 0.86
N
(%)

Ft 0.86
N
(%)

(%)

3.00%

5.00%

13

3.70%

227

97.00%

113

95.00%

340

96.30%

234

100.00%

119

100.00%

353

100.00%

0.247

Free T:HDL

Ft 0.86
N
(%)
7
3.00%

Ft 0.86
N
(%)
16
13.40%

N
23

(%)
6.50%

227

97.00%

103

86.60%

330

93.50%

234

100.00%

119

100.00%

353

100.00%

0.000

3.

:
LDL : 160mg/dl
: 200mg/dl
: LDL
OM+HA
N
2

OM+PCOM

OM+PCOM+HA

(%)

(%)

(%)

(%)

7.70%

3.30%

16

7.80%

22

6.20%

92.30%

117

96.70%

190

92.20%

331

93.80%

206

100.00%

24

26 100.00% 121 100.00%

0.259

353 100.00%

:
OM+HA
OM+PCOM
N
(%)
N
(%)
0
0.00%
3
2.50%
26 100.00% 118 97.50%
26 100.00% 121 100.00%

OM+PCOM+HA

N
(%)
N
(%)
16
7.80%
19
5.40%
0.056
190
92.20% 334 94.60%
206
100.00% 353 100.00%

3.

:
LDL: 160mg/dl
: 200mg/dl
Free T: LDL
Ft 0.86

Ft 0.86

(%)

(%)

(%)

12

5.10%

10

8.40%

22

6.20%

222

94.90%

109

91.60%

331

93.80%

234

100.00%

119

100.00%

353

100.00%

0.229

Free T:
Ft 0.86

Ft 0.86

(%)

(%)

(%)

2.10%

14

11.80%

19

5.40%

229

97.90%

105

88.20%

334

94.60%

234

100.00%

119

100.00%

353

100.00%

0.000

3.

:
: , HDL, ,
LDL `

OM+HA

OM+PCOM

(%)

(%)

22

85%

111

91.74%

170

15%

10

8.26%

36

17.48%

50

14.16%

100%

206

100%

353

100%

26 100% 121

OM+PCOM+HA
(%)

(%)

82.52% 303 85.84%

0.069

free testosterone
Ft 0.86

Ft 0.86

(%)

(%)

(%)

212

90.60%

91

76.47%

303

85.84%

22

9.40%

28

23.53%

50

14.16%

234

100%

119

100%

353

100%

0.000

3.

:
1. 8-14 75g 2
2. 2
venous plasma blood 200mg/dl
3. 126mg/dl
4. 126mg/dl & PPG
venous plasma blood 140mg/dl venous plasma blood < 200mg/dl
5. 126mg/dl 110mg/dl

free testosterone

IGT
IFG+IGT
IFG
DM

free testosterone
0.86
N
(%)
204
87.18%
7
2.99%
0
0%
1
0.43%
22
9.40%
234
100%

free testosterone
0.86
N
(%)
102
85.71%
11
9.24%
2
1.68%
2
1.68%
2
1.68%
119
100%

N
306
18
2
3
24
353

(%)
86.69%
5.10%
0.57%
0.85%
6.80%
100%

 :
0.86

Free T
0.86

(%)

(%)

0.000

(Cm)

<85

206

88

75

63

>85

28

12

44

37

HDL
(mg/dL)

<50

193

82.5

71

59.7

>50

41

17.6

48

40.3

150

224

95.7

91

76.5

150

10

4.3

28

23.5

203

86.8

90

75.6

Sbp(130)or
Dbp(85)

31

13.2

29

24.4

110

197

84.2

99

83.2

110

37

15.8

20

16.8

218

93.2

89

74.8

16

6.8

30

25.2

TG (mg/dL)

Sbp(130)or
(mmHg)

FBS (mg/dL)

Dbp(85)

0.000
0.000

0.007

0.461
0.000

Retrospective Chart
Review

281

79.6

72

20.4

264

74.8

89

25.2

315

89.2

38

10.8

293

83

60

17

296

83.9

57

16.1

307

87

46

13

Retrospective Study

70.00%
60.00%

50.00%

40.00%

30.00%

20.00%

10.00%

0.00%

Retrospective Study

100.00%
90.00%
80.00%

70.00%

60.00%

50.00%

40.00%

30.00%
20.00%

10.00%

0.00%

Retrospective Study

80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%

Retrospective Study

100.00%
90.00%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%

Retrospective Study

100.00%
90.00%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%

Daily nutrient

intakes

ALL
(n=205)
1509.4393.4
210.757.6
58.618.3
47.718.1
259.2153.2
14.45.4
464.8185.1
10.74.7
835.4255.4
3046.51215.2
2078.3685.9
7.02.3
508.2253.6
1.00.4
1.00.7
1.60.6
14.15.6
194.493.4
95.474.4
13.46.4

Energy (kcal)
Carbohydrate (g)
Protein (g)
Fat (g)
Cholesterol (mg)
Fiber (g)
Calcium (mg)
Iron (mg)
Phosphorus (mg)
Sodium (mg)
Potassium (mg)
Zinc (mg)
Vitamin A (mg RE)
Vitamin B1 (mg)
Vitamin B2 (mg)
Vitamin B6 (mg)
Niacin (mg)
Folate (mg)
Vitamin C (mg)
Vitamin E (mg)

of subjects

OM+PCOM
(n=76)
1483.9426.1
206.666.1
57.819.8
47.117.8
252.2154.7
145.5
461206.7
10.64.8
826.1284.5
31651411.6
2060.3721.1
6.92.5
495.5267
10.4
1.10.9
1.70.7
14.36
194.797.4
79.760.6
13.26.1

OM+PCOM+HA
(n=129)
1524.4373.7
213.252
59.117.4
4818.4
263.3152.8
14.75.3
467.1171.9
10.74.6
841237.6
2976.71083
2089666.9
7.12.2
515.7246.2
10.4
10.5
1.60.6
145.4
194.391.3
104.680.2
13.56.6

P value
0.336
0.433
0.420
0.581
0.578
0.290
0.415
0.604
0.449
0.514
0.674
0.197
0.482
0.409
0.714
0.816
0.757
0.752
0.007
0.540

Daily food intakes of subjects

ALL
(n=205)

OM+PCOM
(n=76)

OM+PCOM+HA
(n=129)

P value

229.488.6

23193.9

228.485.6

0.897

41.758.2

43.753.9

40.361

0.843

167.7101.6

167.392

168107.2

0.861

138.7105.5

120.493.7

148.3110.4

0.251

3.76.4

58.9

34.3

0.283

14.417.3

12.114.5

15.618.6

0.204

44.448.3

47.244

42.850.7

0.238

6.713.0

6.610.7

6.914.2

0.245

12.113.6

12.215.7

1212.3

0.848

8.26.5

7.44.4

8.77.4

0.215

828.0296.9

786.9283.1

852.2303.2

0.115

83.566.0

76.262.9

87.967.6

0.291

50.057.6

50.469.2

49.849.5

0.316

28.626.2

28.623.2

28.527.8

0.315

Milk and milk products

163.2119.1

183.4124.8

153.4115.5

0.181

Total animal food15)

265.6145.2

256.5156

270.9138.8

0.308

Total food intakes

1092.3335.7

1043.5328.5

1121337.9

0.084

Food group (g)

Cereals and cereal products
3)

Potatoes and starch products

Vegetables
4)

Fruits

5)

Seaweeds

6)

Mushrooms
7)

Legume
8)

Nuts

9)

Sugar

10)

Oil and fat

Total plant food

11)

Meats

12)

Fishes and shellfish

13)

Eggs

14)

Mini Dietary Assessment(MDA) scores of subjects`

Total score

ALL
OM+PCOM
(n=204)
(n=75)
32.76
32.85.81)

OM+PCOM+HA
P value
(n=129)
32.66.1
0.8682)

1. I drink 1 or more bottles of milk or its

products (yogurt, Yoplait, etc.) daily.

2.51.6

2.31.6

2.71.7

0.154

2. For each meal, I consume foods made up of

a combination of meat, fish, eggs, beans, tofu, etc.

2.61.5

2.31.4

2.71.5

0.042

3. For each meal, I consume vegetables other

than Kimchi.

2.91.5

2.91.5

2.81.5

0.637

4. I consume at least 1 fruit or fruit juice (1 glass) daily.

2.71.6

2.71.6

2.61.5

0.641

3.71.3

3.71.2

3.71.4

0.846

4.11.3

4.21.3

4.11.3

0.592

4.61.1

4.70.8

4.51.2

0.342

2.51.6

2.71.7

2.41.6

0.213

4.11.3

4.21.3

41.3

0.484

3.01.5

3.11.5

31.5

0.862

5. I consume fried or stir-fried foods at least

2 times per week.
6. I consume high fat content meats (bacon, ribs,
eel, etc.) at least 2 times per week.
7. I tend to add extra salt or soy sauce while
taking my meal.
8. I have three regular meals a day.
9. I consume ice cream, cake, biscuit varieties,
carbonated beverages (coke, 7-up, etc.), etc.
as snack at least 2 times per week.
10. I tend to consume a wide range of foods
evenly (I have a balanced diet.).
1) Values are Mean S.D..

2) Measured by a Student's t-test.

04


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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