k Nng: B cu Php "bay" v Gia Ngha Cp nht : 04/04/2011 15:32

Anh Sn chm sc n chim b cu Php Trc kia vic nui chim b cu ch th gin, th chi ca cc gia nh giu c, nhng nay, nui chim b cu Php bn cho th trng l mt hng lm n hiu qu ca nhiu nng dn, trong c anh L Vit Sn thn Tn Tin x Qung Thnh th x Gia Ngha, tnh k Nng. Anh l ngi tin phong trong vic a B cu php v u ti qu hng mi Gia Ngha ca mnh. Nm 2006 t Lm ng sang k Nng lm n, vi phng chm t lnh chim u anh ch mua 1 ha t trng c ph. Nm 2007, mt ln v Lt c ngi bn gii thiu v chim b cu Php, tham kho ti h nui, hc hi theo sch v anh thy nhng ch chim xinh xinh ny hp vi ni mnh sinh sng v lp nghip. Sau khi bn bc vi v anh lm chung vi din tch 30m2, sang Lm ng mua 25 cp ging vi gi 50.000 ng/cp v ch bng xe my vt hn 150 km em v nui. Nhn thy y l ging chim d nui, li nhanh ln hn ging chim b cu ta, anh va nui va rt kinh nghim v nhn ging ln dn ln. n nay, hin ti gia nh anh c 130 i chim b cu Php, ngoi ra anh cn cung ng ging cho b con trong vng vi 5 h nui quy m nh anh, cn cc h nui l 5, 10 cp rt nhiu. Anh tm s c chim ging tt phi chn chim ging bo m cc yu cu nh lng mt, con trng to hn, u th, con mi nh hn, u nh v thanh. Mi cp chim sinh sn c mt chung ring. Anh t cc bng r nha nh, lt l kh, to thnh cho chim sinh sn. Tm s vi chng ti anh ni v nui chim b cu Php nhn, khng tn cng, bui sng tranh th anh cho n 1 ln, y mng nc ung, sau i lm ry chiu v cho n 1 ln na. B cu Php rt t dch bnh, ch ch dn v sinh thu dn phn thi theo nh k 1ln/ tun, cc chung lun kh ro, phun tiu c kh trng 1 ln/ tun. Chim b cu nui 6 thng l bt u sinh sn, mt cp chim b cu sinh sn c th ti 7-8 la/nm mi la 2-3 trng/. Thi gian t khi chim p n khi chim non ra ging l 28 ngy v n khi chim c th bn c tng cng l 45 ngy. Ging chim ny t p v nui con gii, t l sng cao t 95-99%, quan trng nht l giai on chim non sau khi ri v chim non chuyn sang mt giai on mi phi t i li, t n, lc ny chim cn yu, kh nng khng v kh nng tiu ho km d sinh bnh. Do cn ch cng tc chm sc nui dng, nn b sung vitamin A, B, D, cc cht khng sinh... vo nc ung chng mm xng, tr gip tiu ho v chng cc bnh khc. Trong giai on u c mt s con cha quen cuc sng t lp khng bit n, ung, do ngi nui phi kin nhn tp cho chim non. Ging chim b cu Php rt d n, chng n cc thc n sn c nh ng ht, la, go, tng (ng l thc n ch yu), ngoi ra chim b cu Php cn mt lng nht nh cc ht si, gip d dy chim d tiu ho thc n, c nh ht go v b si vo mng dnh ring ng thc n b sung cho chim n (trn cng vi mui n v khong Premix). Mt con chim b cu Php khi bn t 0,7 - 0,8 kg. Mt i chim ging, anh bn vi gi 130.000 ng( hin nay th trng bn khong 200.000 ng/cp), cn chim tht ch bn 110.000 ng/cp. Theo anh hin nay th trng ang a chung tht ca chim ny. Anh ch yu cung ng ging

cho b con cn bn tht t, khng chim bn. Hng thng anh bn khong 40 i, sau khi tr chi ph cho chim n, anh thu li t 2-3 triu ng. Ngoi nui chim hng ngy anh cn lm chm sc 1 ha cy c ph, v va ri anh thu c 3,5 tn; v anh va chm con va bun bn nh tng thu nhp trong gia nh, t mt nng dn ngho anh ch vn ln kh v lm giu chnh ng t cch lm n hiu qu ca mnh. Khi c hi v hng ti ca gia nh anh tm s hng ti anh lm thm mt chung chim na, rng hn chung c nui khong 200 cp chim sinh sn cung ng ging cho b con nng dn c nhu cu v cung cp chim thnh phm cho th trng. Nhn nhng ch chim b cu php bay ln khi c ngi l, nhng cnh chim v t v lm cho con ngi cng vui ly vi ting g g ku sut ngy gi bn ca chng. Vi anh Sn, mt ngi nng dn tr c hng i mi, lm n hiu qu chc chn v mong mun rng m hnh s pht trin mnh, bn vng nh i cnh chim b cu Php nh anh. Phm Th Ngc Bch - Trm KNKN Gia Ngha, k Nng

B quyt nui chim b cu Php (Dn Vit) - Chim b cu l loi vt nui quen thuc nng thn v mt s ni thnh th. N d nui, hin lnh v thn thin vi con ngi.

B cu Php. B cu c nui theo 3 hng l: Nui ly tht, nui lm cnh v nui a th. B cu c mt kh nng c bit, l nhn bit v nh hng c ng bay d xa ti hng chc km. N pht ra tn hiu

 d tm t trng m nh hng bay. V vy, b cu d c a i rt xa, nhng n vn c th tm c v vi t c ca n. B cu c xp l loi thu chung... N sng mt i vi nhau sut i. Chng cng mn , mi ln thng cho ra mt con trng v mt con mi. Hai chim con ln ln v li ly nhau. y l iu m loi ngi cha gii thch c v s ng huyt ny li khng nh hng g ti ni ging. B cu rt chu kh kim n v rt thch n cc loi ng cc, cc loi ht u. N ch ngh ngi khi no n. B cu a cuc sng thong ng, sch s. Chng thch chung phi rng ri, t ni cao ro, yn tnh v phi c mu sc sc s. Chng thng xuyn tm v chi chut cho lng mt m. B cu rt thch soi gng. N l d trn b ging, b nc hoc h, ao ngm mnh. V vy, b con ta hay ca chung 1 ci gng b cu ngm ngha, ta tt. Lc b cu cn non, ta rt kh phn bit c trng, mi. Ti lc trng thnh, ta c th xc nh c gii tnh ca n: Con trng c u th, to xc hn, c phn x g con mi v khong cch gia hai xng chu hp hn. Cn con mi th ngc li, u nh v thanh, thn mnh mai hn v khong cch gia 2 xng chu rng hn. Cc ging b cu ca ta c c th nh (ch khong 300-400g/con), mi nm 6-7 la. Ta nhp ging b cu t Php vo. N c th 8-9 la/nm v chim 28 ngy tui c th t 530-580g/con. Ring dng Titan, khi lng chim non khi ra rng ln ti 700g/con. Nh vy, n ln gp i chim ca ta. Nu ta nh nui chim b cu th vic chn ging l khu quan trng nht. Phi chn con kho mnh, lng mt, khng c bnh tt, d tt, lanh li... v nn mua loi t 4-5 thng tui tr ln. Ta c th chn th t nhin hoc t chc nui nht b cu theo phng php bn cng nghip... Ni nui chim phi cao va phi, c nh nng mt tri, kh ro, thong mt, sch s, yn tnh, trnh c gi la v ma, trnh c mo, chut... Phi c mng n, mng ung ring. Thc n phi sch v c v cht v lng. Phi chm sc v nui dng chim kt hp vi phng v tr bnh cho n. Tt c ni dung ny u c trong cun Ngh nui chim b cu (trong b sch 100 ngh cho nng dn) ca NXB Nng nghip (T: 04.38527008). Bn cn hi thm hoc mua ging b cu Php xin lin h vi TS. Nguyn Duy iu (Trung tm Nghin cu gia cm Thy Phng) qua s in thoi: 0912.784.092. Email: 1001cachlaman@gmail.com Quy trnh K thut nui chim b cu Php Ging b cu Php c k hiu l VN1, l ging chuyn tht ni ting, mi nm mt cp c th 8-9 la, khi lng chim ra ging (28 ngy tui) t 530-580g/con. Ging chim ny c kh nng thch ng cao vi iu kin kh hu nc ta, t l nui sng t 94-99%. Chn ging chim b cu Chim b cu c chn lm ging phi m bo cc yu cu: khe mnh, lng mt, khng c bnh tt, d tt, lanh li: con trng to hn, u th, c phn x g mi (lc thnh thc), khong cch gia 2 xng chu hp; con mi thng c khi lng nh hn, u nh v thanh, khong cch gia 2 xng chu rng. Chung nui v thit b nui chim

a. Chung nui c th (dng nui chim sinh sn t 6 thng tui tr i) Mi cp chim sinh sn cn mt chung ring. chung l mt n v sn xut, trn c t cc , mng n, mng ung, mng ng thc n b sung v 1 i trng mi sinh sn. Kch thc ca mt chung: Chiu cao: 40 cm; Chiu su: 60 cm; Chiu rng: 50 cm; b. Chung nui qun th (nui chim hu b sinh sn t 2-6 thng tui) Kch thc ca 1 gian: Chiu di: 6m; Chiu rng: 3,5m; Chiu cao: 5,5m (c mi); Mng n, mng ung, , mng ng thc n b sung c thit k ring cho kiu chung ny. Chung nui dng chim tht (nui v bo chim thng phm t 21-30 ngy tui) mt dy hn 45-50 con/m2, khng c , khng c mng n (chng ta phi nhi trc tip cho chim n), nh sng ti thiu. : kh ro, sch s, tin cho vic v sinh thay ra thng xuyn. Kch thc ca : ng knh: 20-25cm; chiu cao: 7-8cm; Mng n: Kch thc mng n cho mt i chim b m: Chiu di: 15cm; Chiu rng: 5cm; Chiu su: 5cm x 10 cm Mng ung: C th v dng hp, cc nha...vi kch thc dng cho mt i chim b m: ng knh: 5-6 cm; chiu cao: 8 -10 cm; Mt nui chim: Nu nui nht theo kiu chung th mi chung l mt i chim sinh sn. Nu nui th trong chung th mt l 6-8 con/m2 chung. Khi c 28 ngy tui, chim non tch m (giai on v sau ny c gi l chim d). Nui chim d vi mt gp i nui chim sinh sn (10-14 con/m2). Ch chiu sng: Chung tri phi thit k thong m bo cung cp nh sng cho chim. Tuy nhin min Bc ban ngy ma ng nh sng ngn, c th lp bng n 40w chiu sng thm vo ban m (nu nui theo quy m ln) vi cng 4-5w/m2 nn chung vi thi gian 3-4h ngy. Dinh dng v thc n nui chim Cc loi thc n thng s dng nui chim Thng thng chim n trc tip cc loi ht thc vt: , ng, thc, go... v mt lng cn thit thc n gia cng cha nhiu cht khong v vitamin. + bao gm: xanh, en, tng,...Ring tng hm lng cht bo nhiu nn cho n t hn v phi c rang trc khi cho chim n. + Thc n c s: thc, ng, go, cao lng,..trong ng l thnh phn chnh ca khu phn. Yu cu ca thc n phi m bo sch, cht lng tt, khng mc, mt. Chim b cu cn mt lng nht nh cc ht si, gip cho chim trong qu trnh tiu ho ca d dy (m). Kch c ca cc ht: di 0,5-0,8mm, ng knh 0,3-0,4mm. V vy nn a si vo mng dnh ring ng thc n b sung cho chim n (trn cng vi mui n v khong Premix). Cch phi trn thc n Thc n b sung (cha vo mng n ring): Khong Premix: 85%; NaCl: 5%; Si: 10%. Thng thng lng ht u t 25-30%; ng v thc go: 75-75%.

Cch cho n - Thi gian: 2 ln trong ngy bui sng lc 8-9h, bui chiu lc 14-15 h, nn cho n vo mt thi gian c nh trong ngy. - nh lng: Tu theo tng loi chim m chng ta cho n vi s lng thc n khc nhau, thng thng lng thc n= 1/10 trng lng c th: - Chim d (2-5 thng tui): 40-50g thc n/con/ngy: - Chim sinh sn: (6 thng tui tr i) + Khi nui con: 125-130g thc n/i/ngy +Khng nui con: 90-100g thc n/i/ngy - Lng thc n/i sinh sn/nm: 45-50kg Nc ung Nhu cu nc ung ca chim b cu khng ln, nhng cn c nc chim ung t do. Nc phi sch s, khng mu, khng mi v phi thay hng ngy. C th b sung vo trong nc Vitamin v khng sinh phng bnh khi cn thit, trung bnh mi chim b cu cn 50-90ml/ngy. Chm sc v nui dng chim b cu Khi ghp i xong, quen vi chung v , chim s . Trc khi chim , chun b (ch dng 1 ). Dng rm kh, sch s v di lt . nhng la u tin chim thng c hin tng lm vi rm gy v trng, do nn bn 1 vng rm lt va kht ng knh ca . Ni p trng phi yn tnh, c bit vi chim p ln u nn gim bt tm nhn, m thanh, nh sng chim chuyn tm p trng. Khi chim p c 18 -20 ngy s n, nu qu trng no m v lu m chim khng p v trng chui ra th ngi nui cn tr gip bng cch bc v trng chim non khng cht ngt trong trng. Trong thi k nui con (t khi n n 28 ngy tui), cn thay lt thng xuyn (2-3 ngy/ln), trnh s tch t phn trong v l ni l tng cho k sinh trng, vi khun v virus. Khi chim non c 7-10 ngy mi tin hnh cho th hai vo. Sau khi tch m, tng ng c b ra ra sch, phi kh b tr la tip theo. Sau khi c 28-30 ngy tui chng ta tin hnh tch chim non khi m. Chim d c nui th chung qun th vi la tui tng ng nhau. Sau khi ri , chim non chuyn sang mt giai on mi phi t i li, t n. Giai on ny chim cn yu, kh nng khng v kh nng tiu ho km d sinh bnh. Do cn ch cng tc chm sc nui dng. Giai on ny nn b sung Vitamin A, B, D, cc cht khng sinh...vo nc ung chng mm xng, tr gip tiu ho v chng cc bnh khc. Trong giai on u c mt s con cha quen cuc sng t lp khng bit n, ung do

ngi nui phi kin nhn tp cho chim non. Nui v bo chim ly tht Tin hnh tch m lc 20-21 ngy tui (khi lung c th t 350-400g/con) dng nhi v bo:Mt : 45-50 com/m2 lng, khng khng gian cho chim hot ng nhiu, m bo ngoi gi n,ung th thi gian ng l chnh. Thc n dng nhi: Ng: 80%, u xanh 20%. Cch nhi: Thc n c nghin nh, vin thnh vin nh ngm cho mm ri sy kh m bo t l thc n/nc: 1:1 + nh lng: 50-80 g/con; + Thi gian: 2-3 ln/ngy; + Phng php : Nhn cng: Dng tay nht thc n vo ming chim hoc my nhi nh vt. Khong vn c b sung t do, cc loi vitamin, thuc b khc c b sung trong nc ung. Ngun: Ti liu tp hun chn nui Gia cm Vit Nam, Trung tm nghin cu Gia cm Thy phng Vin Chn Nui t chc ti Vnh Ph Quy trnh K thut nui chim b cu php

I.

II.

III.

Nhu cu dinh dng Nhu cu v dinh dng ca chim b cu tu theo giai on pht trin ca chim. Sau y l nhu cu cn thit cho chim sinh sn: Nng lng (kcal/ME): 2900-3000 Protein th (%): 13,4-14,4% Ca (%): 2-3% P (%): 0,6-0,8% NaCl (%): 0,3-0,35 Methionin (%): 0,3 Lizin (%): 0,3-0,7 Chim b cu nui nht rt cn cht khong, do phi thng xuyn b sung vo cc mng n ring cho chim n t do. Cc loi thc n thng s dng nui chim Thng thng chim n trc tip cc loi ht thc vt: , ng, thc, go... v mt lng cn thit thc n gia cng cha nhiu cht khong v vitamin. + bao gm: xanh, en, tng,...Ring tng hm lng cht bo nhiu nn cho n t hn v phi c rang trc khi cho chim n. + Thc n c s: thc, ng, go, cao lng,..trong ng l thnh phn chnh ca khu phn. Yu cu ca thc n phi m bo sch, cht lng tt, khng mc, mt. Chim b cu cn mt lng nht nh cc ht si,? gip cho chim trong qu trnh tiu ho ca d dy (m). Kch c ca cc ht: di 0,5-0,8mm, ng knh 0,3-0,4mm. V vy nn a si vo mng dnh ring ng thc n b sung cho chim n (trn cng vi mui n v khong Premix). Cch phi trn thc n Thc n b sung (cha vo mng n ring): Khong Premix: 85%; NaCl: 5%; Si: 10% B sung lin tc trong mng cho chim n t do. Tuy nhin hn hp c trn nn dng vi mt lng va phi. Khng nn thc n b sung qu nhiu trong mt thi gian di gy bin cht cc thnh phn c trong hn hp. Khi phi trn thc n, cng nhiu thnh phn cng tt, m bo cht lng v b sung h tr cho nhau t hiu qu cao nht. Tuy nhin nguyn? liu khc nhau cch phi hp cng khc nhau,

thng thng lng ht u t 25-30%; ng v thc g 75-75%. Sau y l 2: khu phn ang c ng dng nui chim b cu Php: Khu phn 1: (S dng nguyn liu thng thng)

Khu phn 2: (S dng kt hp cm g cng nghip)

Cch cho n - Thi gian: 2 ln trong ngy bui sng lc 8-9h, bui chiu lc 14-15 h, nn cho n vo mt thi gian c nh trong ngy. - nh lng: Tu theo tng loi chim m chng ta cho n vi s lng thc n khc nhau, thng thng lng thc n= 1/10 trng lng c th: - Chim d (2-5 thng tui): 40-50g thc n/con/ngy: - Chim sinh sn: (6 thng tui tr i)? + Khi nui con: 125-130g thc n/i/ngy + Khng nui con: 90-100g thc n/i/ngy - Lng thc n/i sinh sn/nm: 45-50kg 1. Chim sinh sn (6 thng tui tr i) Sau khi c nui tp trung giai on chim d n 5 thng tui v ghp i t nhin, mi i c chuyn sang 1 chung ring c chun b sn sng v mng n, mng ung, , mng ng thc n b sung nh hng dn trn. Giai on ny c ch chm sc, nui dng ring. a. Thi k v p trng Khi ghp i xong, quen vi chung v , chim s . Trc khi chim , chun b (ch dng 1 ). Dng rm kh, sch s v di lt . nhng la u tin chim thng c hin tng lm vi rm gy v

trng, do nn bn 1 vng rm lt va kht ng knh ca . - Ni p trng? phi yn tnh, c bit vi chim p ln u nn gim bt tm nhn, m thanh, nh sng chim chuyn tm p trng. - Theo di ngy chim bng s sch ghi chp c th hoc? nu mng n c lm bng tn th dng bt d ghi trc tip ln mng. Nh vy chng ta c th ghp p nhng qu trng c cng ngy hoc chnh lch nhau 2-3 ngy (s lng trng ghp p ti a: 3 qu/) - Khi chim p nn nh k kim tra: xem trng c th tinh khng (soi trng khi p c 7 ngy) trng khng c th tinh th loi? ngay. C th da vo kinh nghim nhn bit c trng c phi hay khng thng qua mu sc ca v trng. Khi chim p c 18 -20 ngy s n, nu qu trng no m v lu? m chim khng p v trng chui ra th ngi nui cn tr gip bng cch bc v trng chim non khng cht ngt trong trng. Nhng i ch n 1 con th chng ta cng c th ghp nui con vo nhng 1 con khc vi ngy n chnh lch nhau 2-3 ngy (c cng ngy n l tt nht), s lng con ghp ti a: 3 con/ b. Thi k nui con Trong thi k nui con (t khi n n 28 ngy tui), cn thay lt thng xuyn (2-3 ngy/ln), trnh s tch t phn trong v l ni l tng cho k sinh trng, vi khun v virus.? Khi chim non c 7-10 ngy mi tin hnh cho th hai vo. Sau khi tch m, tng ng c b ra ra sch, phi kh b tr la tip theo. 2. Chim d (2-5 thng tui) nui hu b sinh sn Sau khi c 28-30 ngy tui chng ta tin hnh tch chim non khi m. Chim d c nui th chung qun th vi la tui tng ng nhau. Sau khi ri , chim non chuyn sang mt giai on mi phi t i li, t n. Giai on ny chim cn yu, kh nng khng v kh nng tiu ho km d sinh bnh. Do cn ch cng tc chm sc nui dng. Giai on ny nn b sung Vitamin A, B, D, cc cht khng sinh...vo nc ung chng mm xng, tr gip tiu ho v chng cc bnh khc. Trong giai on u c mt s con cha quen cuc sng t lp khng bit n, ung do ngi nui phi kin nhn tp cho chim non. 3. Nui v bo chim ly tht Tin hnh tch m lc 20-21 ngy tui (khi lng c th t 350-400g/con) dng nhi v b - a im: Nh xy, ln tri, khu nui ring, dng lng nh chung c th trnh by trn cn m b sch s, thong mt, tuyt i yn tnh, ch c nh sng khi cho chim n, ung. - Mt : 45-50 com/m2 lng, khng khng gian cho chim hot ng nhiu, m bo ngoi gi n,ung th thi gian ng l chnh. - Thc n dng nhi: Ng: 80%, u xanh 20% - Cch nhi: Thc n c nghin nh,? vin thnh vin nh ngm cho mm ri sy kh m bo t l? thc n/nc: 1:1 + nh lng: 50-80 g/con + Thi gian: 2-3 ln/ngy + Phng php : * Nhn cng: Dng tay nht thc n vo ming chim * Dng my nhi nh vt - Khong vn c b sung t do, cc loi vitamin, thuc b khc? c b sung trong nc ung. Ts.Trn Cng Xun , Ks Nguyn Duy iu,Ks Trng Thu Hng Trung tm nghin cu Gia cm Thy Phng