ELECTRONIC

CIRCUIT

DESIGN LAB - II

Experiment

No:

Date:

SCHIVIITT TRIGGER
AIM:
-

-.-.".-

,,-To design a Schmiutrigger

circuit. and to find square 'outputvoltage

waveform for

specific values. APilAH.A.TUS "REQUIRlm

ARAr~'_t~l Resistors

"NIT~~~;~v I
2

s-'-----_+"f_:-,,-~~~--,----,_RANGE I2
K.C2.3.75KC2,25KO,4.84KD., I 5 KD..
(O-30)V
1

Q
26.96 KD,
"C

~i\~r.n !
-I C-)
1

c'ile

[1
6 7

Power
1

T ~·anslst or . Capacitors

supply',
--~~___t_ _~ __ ~_____'

Bel07

'--'-c-'-~~-'.,-----..

'____

~ ---r rune_tion
1,

O.i,L~F
(O-30)l\ilHz

--,

Generator

eRG _ 1 Bread board

j_______________

- __

--~'--~'I ~J_-=-_~L=~=_] , J
'

T-----"2-·--·-'1
]1'1-=5
; 1

~-I

ne

-ll

DESIGN _EXAMPLES:
" Speeifications:

Vcc= 12'i/, UTP=5 V, LTP Design:

_(i). To Find Rc: UTP=V t12=5V

=3 V, 1c=2111/1.,

b=(),

IC2

and

-hk(lllin)=

100.

Voltage across R[ is V to'; V 132 "

\/810=5

-0.7 =4.3

V_-,

'T ,RE''''_ _ ['i~E= 4':,'" "'(7' .j/._XJ

-v

'10-3-)= "'1 I"--'kn , ,.' ,'H

Therefore

H.E=2.J5 KG

(ii) To Find Ro: ' Taking IcRu"N

Q2 saturated,

VeLa:

0.2V typically,
V

CC--VE- VCE(S"IJ =

12-4,3-0.2=7.5
'

-/(" '-C2"" R '7 .)LX

10-J,)=_)_.l)l' c",--V'(-' '"

.57

...:' ..' .;-~.

ELECTRONIC
Therefore 1<.0=3. 7SKU -.

cmcurr

DESIGN LAlJ-II

(iii)ToFirld

Rz:
IC2=

12=0.1

OJ~2x 10:3= 0.2 rnA

"" 25 l";'~l

R2=V82/h=5/(O.2xlO';~)

ThereforeR1==2S Kil"
(ivj To FindRc2,RJa'~d~n: .182 =
IC2/l1t~(mil1)~
.' .

. 2x 10- / 100= 20
3

~lA

1,=h+IB2. (Vee - VS2)! (Rcl+RI) 02-S}/ (Rc:i+R;)'= :-=II=0.2xlO-3+20 .>:10,6

0.22x10,3

RCI+R, = 7 / (O.22~ 10:3) =31.8 KO

Whet1 Q,"is'ON,V,=LTP

;=oVB2= 3V

I I == VB;/R2=
Vee \lcc

3/ (25 x'-lO'J)== 0, 12mA

. . ..

.
.

lei"" Ie"(v;~,NBr;}lRE =0.3-0.7/(2.15 xl03r~ =

1.07mA
'

RCI(Iut-ll)+I,(RI+Rz)

;Vcc = RCI( ICI+lr)+II(RI+Rcl-RcIR2)'

Rei

(Ie: 1+1l}+-I ,(31:8

6.22; 10.3 x 56,8 -'--.:1:-;84) X 103

x 1OJ + 25 x 10J)
X

RC1=(12-

103)
KG

(L07x

lO-J) =4.84

KO

1\1=(31.8
-

= 26.96

Rll = h'C(l1lillJZEiIO;=o
..

IOOx 2.15

X lO3,'

10"" 21.5 KO
.

Therefore

Rq=

4:84K'o,

R(= 26.96 KOUlld'RB

==21.5KO.

THEORY:
Schmitt trigger is a wave sine wave

shaping circuit, used for generation of a square wave from a input'Itis clbistablecircuit in which two transistor switches are connected regenerative. It can as avoltage comparator. Thehysteresis in Schmitt trigger is valuable
noisy signals for using digital circuits. The noise docs not cause false

when conditioning

triggering and so the outputv:rm'be PROCEDURE:

I.

free from noise

.
.

Coilllect"the .

circuit as per circuit diagram'.

.. .
.,

2. Supply voltage set Vcc=lSV. 3, Sine wave is set.the Amplitude Generator. ; 4. For the given supply the amplitude 58
and time period is and Time period by using Function

measured from CRO.

ELECTRONIC

CIRCUIT DESIGN LAB - II

5. Notedown

the eRO values in the (able.

6. Amplitude Vs time graph is plot. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

. './.i'":':'C

MODEL GRAPH:

LTL

.. ,'\:1

t'

i) ~

---'__ ~~_

59

.:~ ..

.,:

;'

:.' .~... ...

ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT DESIGN LAB _ n

TABULATION:

i
,I

-- ..

Sine

Wave

Input

--.'-----_--.
SgU, arc

wnvc_Output PCric)(,J,(mscc,,)_:_, __

"

,I

['--"-cr,

I
,+I.;._[-,--Il~_I;~lee--,'__ e, _'i_Od_, "cr 1 _I

',' ',' ," ,I Time

Am,_p_h_t_lld_C_(\) ~~~~m'

rn_/_Ht_U_d_e

__

·1

;;:;~c~imc

l
I,'

I I 'L,__ , __LI

I
'

'I

~,_

RESULT:

-.

..

Thus the' Schmitttrigger

output waveform verified,'

is designed and constructed for the given values and

60

ELECTRONIC

CIRCUIT DESIGN LAB - II

.-.-,..::

VOLTA'GE SHUNr FEEDBACK-AMPLIFJER

AIM;. To desi'gl1;a~is\udy
. <--4

APPARI.\ TUS RE(QUIRED:

'*,

;0

. frequency
~,

response of voltage shunt feedback

amplifier

S.No ,
t

APPARI.\ TUS

RANGE
(O-I)MHz (O-20)MHz 3KD, 1.1 KD,SKQ,2.SKD, I KQ I (0-30V) BC 107 66 f,tF,30 ~lF,58 ~LF

QUANTITY 1 1
Each one

·1
1---------

AFO

~
:.-=:-

.,
.:l

·eROqz··""-""-:~;;" _
R eSist()t~.,. .
,

Powe1§'!pp1y
Transistors
-:-"-::..

I
•
1<

.5
6

1
1

Capacitors

L.DESIGN EXAMRI.:ES:
.~:.%.
•• ~~

-=:-~~':

:;.:~

Vee

iov: I~=·1.2mA, ,,..

,-,

<

Av:: 30,

f = 1KHz, S = 2, hfe = 150,

RF =0.4

The fee6bitK~f~ctor

~= 1/

RF = 1/0.4= 2.SKQ

Q,
,. *'

To calculate'Rc:
The voltage Gain is given by Av

= -hfe eRc

II Rr ) / hie

hie= hfe re

.;_:+-,t~: '_,"

_ .;f;/;<'~~'

re= 26mV .

Ir:=26/1.2=21.6mA

~,

hie= 150 x 21.6 =3.2K

APPIy~L·~o
-::

o~~put loop,
11

..

ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT DESIGN LAB -Jr'~

:.

, ...".",..(1)

Where RE = VE
"

IE (Ie = IE)

iE:

__
~l ~~/.~~~

~X=0.8 n::~ttn' ~.'K

-e

"

From equation (l)Rc ==3KQ""_>,,,"t,)' ii) To calculate RJ and R2: S = l;t- (RB/REo) RB= (S-l)RE= R1 R2 =lKO RB=R1R2/R1+R2 .. . ", VB =VBE+VE=:-,,0.7t1= 1.7 V VB= VCc(R2/R1+R2) Solving equation (2) &(3), R[=5 KG & R2=Ll KG

V CE = V cc/2=5V

');'~!i~ '.
.
'

!!

,,(2) (3)

t:'~: i

'.

.,\F~.:~
:-'OL-

iii) To calculate Resistance: Output resistance is 'given by

Ro=RcIIRF

Ro=1.3 KO .':; Input irr:Pedance is ~iv.eIt by Ri= (Ra II RF)I! hie=Oji KG Trans-resistance is given by, Rm= -hfe(RB II RF)( Rc II RF) Rm= 0.06 KO AC Parameter i)

:; .,..*" ...• ~~..- :t/

(Ra II RF)+hie

.'.

','",-~~.-pt' .

...

'with feedback network:

Input impedance: Rif==Ri / D (where D=l +~ Rrn) Therefore D=25 Rn= 24 lnput coupling capacitor is given by XCi = Rifl 10
XCi = XCi

..
.

2.4 = 1I2nfCi Ci = 1l2nfXi

Ci
',=

66~lf

. " ii)"

Output ~oupling capacitor(Co): 'Rof=' Ro If? Output coupling capacitor XCo= Rofll 0, XCo= 5,2 12

=52

.,-;:;".'

"_ld~-.

..
l); ." ,. .'7' ~ .....

,,:"

...

.!

-.'.

,:!;;ELECTRONIC

CIRCUIT DESIGN LAB - II

Xco~ f/2rcfCo

CO =3Q uf
iii) To find Emitter capacitor
CE:

XCE« R'E =R'1l 0

R'E

REII { (Rg+hie 11 +hfe)}

XC~E =

2.7 CE= \L2rcfXcE = 58 uf

THEORY:
.

,.

~~~ .. -, ··~~~:·~t

..
;.

"Negative.' .. in general increases the bandwidth of-the transfer "function .stabilized by the. .ip~.~ific type of feedback used in a circuif In voltage shunt feedback amplifier, consider a' 'common emitter stage with a resistance R connected from collector to base. This is a case of voltage shunt feedback and we expect the bandwidth of the trans-resistance. to be irriproved due to the feedback. through R. The voltage source is .represented by its Norton's equivalent current source Is=Vs/Rs PROCEDURE: ;~,","",; 1. Conne~~~e' ~ircuit as per the circuit diagram.
2. SetVc~:;~V;set

ff~1ba~~"

.;~~~~;'::.,

input voltage. using audio frequency oscillator.

" 3. By varying, audio frequency oscillator take down output frequency oscillator . Voltage

for difference .

in frequency .

4. Calculatethegain

in dB

5. P.lot gru:!'l"JtS frequency curve in semi-log

.'B#:,i.'!~~,,~

~r

:.:r.~W
.:-~,
::..

.:

.'

..-

-:

~~
.

,"

..
_

13

..
- .~~ ~..; 1;,;

ELECTRONIC

CIRCUIT DESIGN LAB -

..;,.'

~. :.'-.,.'." ~.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
+

WITHOUT FEED BACK:

'.

,"

..-, -

~ ,
1

.. ~;"::.:

.;.... - -::~:.:!,~.
~-,.",

?'f-~

..-~-

....

.: ,'t,-

.~:~;: .
~~~'j':'JI~"
,~tt..*.~~.~:-;
-

.....

'.~

14

.. *ELECTRONIC

CIRCUIT DESIGN LAB ~ II

\-VITH FEEDBACK:

l
\ (
<, /

0 +'1"

~,~_: ;;Jt~~:.';-~'--4 ~7K ..~

~ Res K
-

....

1J'T

Suf ..

(eRO
\

\\ _../
!

:.L....: 10k,

R,

L_~~7.o=~~~.~.~.~------~----~~--~

....

_j_

TABULAR
'-. I'"

COLUIVIN:

Vi= -------- volts SlNo .. --:F~equ.ency(Hz) Vo(volts) Gain (VoNi) Gain( db )=2olog(VoNi)

"~~~;',tt
r.~

.~'~'~"

..

~-

..
~-

~tJj:;[~~
,
.

15

,-

.;';..:'
...

'

ELECTRONIC

CIRCUIT DESIG1'fLAR-IlI: -

~_:

_,

_)~;'._

.$,,?,'I-

With feedback:
'-

"4.

SI.No

Vi= ------'-----''------ volts .. ._.~ ...;.":.:-

Frequencyflfz)

Votvolts) '

Gain
(VolVi)

.';""

Gain( db )=201og(VoIVi) -

.
'

g.:.,.

.'

"'>-¥.~j:j""'-;,-~: ~

:\Iodf'l

(;-1';11)11(Fl'eglH'llC'Y

Response)

;without

te~dback
~~,-

-,,£~~,: -~

qam (dB)

IAvl

-:;t-~> '~_~'1'

'-'3dB-- -_

-~,4~/~J~ ','
..1 ,II .' I I ~

with f~edb8ck

B-andwidth 2 -....-----~~~
I
I

'~f -

~3d8

_.

Bandwidth 1 ~

fl12

Frequency

(Hz)

16

ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT DESIGN LAB _ II

"

~~.'~-'
;:':;;;'-{i
::.-

.\ ..-

...

- Thus vott~ge,shunt feedback amplifier is designed and studied its performance zi c'1(--; ~".'~'. .
'-.~
'-,

'" ",'~

:---i.,

..
;~;i:f'$\,-"
l . ...;:~~~~

_~~~~"t~. ;..~:

~t '-'.
r
- ~. .-~~~- .
.'_:-'

17

"

,d';'!; ,