ÉTUDES ROMANES DE LUND 80
Ingela Johansson
El personajefemenino de lanovela indigenista
Språk- ochLitteraturvetenskapligt centrumSpanska
Språk- och litteraturcentrumLunds universitetBox 201SE-221 00 LUND, Suecia© Ingela JohanssonISSN 0347-0822ISBN 978-91-628-6615-0Printed in SwedenMedia-Tryck Lund 2008
JOHANSSON, INGELA:
El personaje femenino de la novela indigenista
. (The FemaleCharacter of the Indigenista Novel). Études Romanes de Lund 80, 202 pages. Written inSpanish. Monograph.The indigenista novel is a realistic novel with a strongly ideological character that wasdeveloped primarily in the Andean countries (Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador) during the first half of the 20th century with the purpose of making the reader aware of the living conditions of theindigenous Native American population. The overall aim of this study was to investigate thefemale characters in five of the works that have had the most influence on the development of the indigenista novel:
Aves sin nido
(1889) by Clorinda Matto de Turner,
Raza de bronce
(1918) by Alcides Arguedas,
Huasipungo
(1934) by Jorge Icaza,
El mundo es ancho y ajeno
(1941) by Ciro Alegría, and
Los ríos profundos
(1958) by José María Arguedas.The representations of and the roles played by the female characters in the five novels weresystematically studied, individually and in comparison to each other. The purpose was toinvestigate whether the female characters function primarily as representatives of a certainideological point of view and, thus, are to be regarded as stereotypes, or if they are complexcharacters. Moreover, their role in the novels was studied from the perspective of MikhailBakhtin’s notion of “the destruction of the idyll”.The study found that the female characters play an inconspicuous part in
Raza de bronce
,
Huasipungo
and
El mundo es ancho y ajeno
. Contrastingly, in
Aves sin nido
and
Los ríos profundos
, there are several female characters who play a more prominent part. Nevertheless,in all of the works studied, the female characters were found to function more as types than asfully developed characters.A recurring motif in the novels of the study is the subjection of the indigenous femalecharacters to violence or sexual abuse by a white landowner and his henchmen, or by a familymember. The analysis found that there is a recurring type of female character in the novels:the female victim. The female victim of the works studied is normally of indigenous origin.The study also found that the indigenous female characters are portrayed differently thanother female characters. They are consistently presented as the type of character that thisstudy has termed “idyllic”, the most prominent traits of which are simplicity, naturalness, andthe possession of a strong bond to family and home. In contrast, the creole women andmestizas are often part of the modern sphere.The female character of the idyllic type plays a symbolic part in the novels, as the guardianof the survival of the family and the traditional society. When this figure becomes subject todifferent kinds of abuse, it is not only the individual character who comes under attack butalso everything that she symbolizes, which, in the indigenista novel, is contrasted with themodern capitalist society.
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