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APROFESSIONALCORPORATIONATTORNEYSATLAW2525EASTBROADWAYBOULEVARD·SUITE200'TUCSON,ARIZONA85716-5300(520)322-5000•(520)322-5585(Fax)
EVODECONCINI(1901-1986)DENISEM.BAINTONJOHNC.E.BARRETTJEANNETTEBICKNERCROSSALICEW.CALLISONMICHAEL
A.
CORDIERBARRYM.COREYDENNISDECONCINIANDREWY.ERWINSHELTONL.FREEMANHEATHERK.GAINESPETERB.GOLDMANNATHANB.HANNAHIVAS.HIRSCHLAWRENCED.HIRSCHJAMESA.JUTRYKRISTENB.KLOTZJOHNC.LACYMARIANC.LALONDEMARKD.LAMMERSLISASCHRINERLEWISMATTHEWJ.MANSFIELDNANCYJ.MARCHJOHNR.McDONALDJAREDG.PARKERALYCEL.PENNINGTONJOHNC.RICHARDSONIRAM.SCHWARTZLISAANNESMITHSPENCER
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SMITHSESALYO.STAMPSGARYF.URMANMICHAELR.URMANRICHARDM.YETWIN7310N.16THSTREET,SUITE330PHOENIX,ARIZONA85020(602)282-0500FAX:(602)282-052019WESTBIRCHAVENUEFLAGSTAFF,ARIZONA86001(928)214-0466FAX:(928)214-62126909E.MAINST.SCOTTSDALE,ARIZONA85251(480)398-3100FAX:(480)398-3101
June22,2011
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ViaE-MailandCertifiedMail,ReturnReceiptRequested
JohnHuppenthalSuperintendentofPublicInstructionArizonaDepartmentofEducation1535WestJeffersonStreetPhoenix,Arizona85007RE:TucsonUnifiedSchoolDistrictNo.1NoticeofAppealofDeterminationofNon-CompliancewithAR.S.§15-112andRequestforHearingDearMr.Huppenthal:TheTucsonUnifiedSchoolDistrictNo.1ofPimaCounty("TUSD"),whoseprimaryadministrativeofficesarelocatedat1010E.
io-
Street,Tucson,AZ85719,byandthroughcounselundersigned,andpursuanttoAR.S.§41-1092.03(B),herebyappealsfromyourfindingthatTUSDisinviolationofA.R.S.§15-112.CopiesofyourpressreleaseandfindingsissuedonJune15,2011(collectively,the"NoticeofViolation")areattachedheretoasExhibitAThespecificreasonsforthisappealaresetforthbelow.
I.TheNoticeofViolationWasDeficient
ATheNoticeofViolationwasdeficientonitsfaceforfailuretocomplywithA.R.S.§42-1092.03:Chapter311ofLaws2010,49
th
Legislature,SecondRegularSession,alsocommonlyreferredtoasHB2281("HB2281"orthe"Statute")becameeffectiveeitherDecember31,2010
 
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APROFESSIONALCORPORATIONATTORNEYSATLAW
JohnHuppenthalJune22,2011Page2orJanuary1,201l.
1
HB2281addedtwonewstatutes,AR.S.§§15-111and15-112,andrevisedanexistingstatuteAR.S.§15-843.AR.S.§15-112(D)providesthat"actionstakenunderthissectionaresubjecttoappealpursuanttotitle41,chapter6,article10.,,2AR.S.§41-1092.03providesthatthenoticeofanappealableagencyactionshall:1.Identifythestatuteorrulethatisallegedtohavebeenviolatedoronwhichtheactionisbased.2.Identifywithreasonableparticularitythenatureofanyallegedviolation,including,ifapplicable,theconductoractivityconstitutingtheviolation.3.Includeadescriptionoftheparty'srighttorequestahearingontheappealableagencyactionorcontestedcase.4.Includeadescriptionoftheparty'srighttorequestaninformalsettlementconferencepursuanttosection41-1092.06.TheNoticeofViolationissuedonJune15identifiedthestatutethatwasallegedtobeviolatedbutfailedtoincludeanydescriptionoftherighttorequestahearingoradescriptionoftherighttorequestaninformalsettlementconference.Moreimportantly,however,theNoticeofViolationfailsto"identifywithreasonableparticularity"thenatureoftheallegedviolations.B.TheNoticeofViolationfailstoidentifyclassesorcoursesthatviolatethestatuteAR.S.§15-112doesnotprohibitaschooldistrictfromofferingethnicstudiesprogramsormaintainingethnicstudiesdepartments.Infact,itdoesnotincludethewords"ethnicstudies"anddoesnotevenaddresstheexistenceofprogramsordepartments.Instead,itdelineatesfourelementsthatcannotbeincludedin
any
coursesorclasses.SeeA.R.S.§15-112(A).A.R.S.§15-112(E)specificallyallows"coursesorclassesthatincludethehistoryofanyethnicgroupandthatareopentoallstudents"and"thatincludethediscussionofcontroversialaspectsofhistory."Additionally,A.R.S.§15-112(F)providesthatAR.S.§15-112maynot"restrictorprohibittheinstructionoftheholocaust,anyotherinstanceofgenocide,orthe
historicaloppressionofaparticulargroupofpeoplebasedonethnicity,race,orclass."
(Emphasisadded).
1
ThetextofHB2281,asadoptedbytheLegislatureandsignedbytheGovernor,hasaneffectivedateofDecember31,2010.TheState'slegislativeweb-site,however,recitesaneffectivedateofJanuary1,2011.
2
A.R.S.§§41-1092,
etseq.
 
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JohnHuppenthalJune22,2011Page3TheNoticeofViolationfailstoidentifythenameorlocationofevenasinglecoursethatallegedlyviolatesAR.S.§15-112.Instead,itreliesonexcerptsoftextbooksandquotesfromtheMexicanAmericanStudiesDepartment'sweb-site,whichdonotrelateinanywaytospecificcourses,toconcludethattheentireMexicanAmericanStudiesprogramisoutofcompliancewithAR.S.§15-1l2.ThislackofspecificitymakesitimpossibleforTUSDtoidentifyandremedyanyallegedviolation.C.TherelianceonquotesfromtextbooksismisplacedTheNoticeofViolationreliesalmostexclusivelyonexcerptsfromtextsfoundinethnicstudiesclassroom,withnoconsiderationoranalysisofwhetherthosetextsareactuallytaught,inwhichclassestheyareused(ifatall)andiftheyareused,howthematerialispresentedtostudents.Notably,itwouldpresumablybeacceptable(andperhapsevennecessary)toincludeMarxisttextsorwritingsofAdolfHitlerinanAmericanHistoryorWorldHistorycourse.Thosetextsmightincludeextremelydisturbingcontent,buttheinclusionofthosetextsinthecurriculumdoesnotmeanthattheobjectionablecontentisbeingtaughttothestudents.Furthermore,identifyingobjectionablepassagesfromwrittenmaterials,withoutdescribingtheirobjectionableuseinaparticularcourseorclass,doesnotprovideTUSDwithsufficientinformationregardinganyviolationofAR.S.§15-112.D.TheNoticeofViolationdisregardsthefindingsofanindependentauditMr.HuppenthalcontractedwithCambiumLearning,Inc.toconductacurriculumauditoftheTUSDMexicanAmericanStudies("MAS")Department.Cambiumspentnearlytwomonths(March7,2011-May2,2011)conductingacomprehensiveauditoftheMASdepartmentandissuedanauditreportdatedMay2,
2011,
detailingitsextensivereviewofmaterialsandcurriculum,togetherwithsitevisits,classroomvisitsandnumerousinterviewswithinterestedparties(students,parents,teachersandadministrators).AlthoughCambiumfoundsomeareasinwhichTUSDhadfailedtoprovideproperoversightofcurriculumandmaterials,itfoundthatTUSD'sMASclasseswereinfullcompliancewithAR.S.§15-112.InspiteofthefactthatMr.Huppenthalcontractedfortheauditandpreparedandapprovedthescopeoftheaudit,hechosetodisregardthefindingsofthiscomprehensive,independentauditinfindingTUSDinviolationofA.R.S.§15-112.ThefindingsoftheauditarequiteextensiveandprovidevaluableevidenceinevaluatingTUSD'scompliancewithAR.S.§15-112.II.TUSD
is
notinviolationofA.R.S.§15-112.ATUSDhastaken(andintendstocontinuetotake)stepstoensurethatitsMexicanAmericanStudiesprogramsandcoursesareincompliancewithAR.S.§15-112.OnDecember30,2010,theTUSDGoverningBoardadoptedaResolution,attachedheretoasExhibitB,settingforthitsintenttocomplyinallrespectswithHB2281.OnJanuary3,
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