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LI CM N
n tt nghip l c kt qu trnh hc tp trong
nhng nm thng ti trng Cao ng K Thut Cao
Thng, t c kt qu nh hm nay, ngoi s phn
u ca tng thnh vin trong nhm thc hin l s quan
tm gip ca qu thy c ti trng, c bit l cc thy
c ti khoa in t tin hc. bn cnh l s chia s kinh
nghim t cc bn ti lp C TVT07B.
Qua y, nhm sinh vin thc hin chng em cng xin
gi li cm n chn thnh n thy TRNG QUANG
TRUNG ngi nht tnh gip chng em trong qu
trnh thc hin n ny.
Mt ln na, nhm xinh vin chng em xin chn thnh
cm n tt c mi ngi.
Nhm sinh vin thc hin:
Nguyn Hu Phc
Nguyn H Thanh
Phan Xun Thnh
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NHN XT CA HI NG BO V
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TPHCM, ngy ...... thng nm 2010
( Ch k ca gio vin )
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MC LC
NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN ............................................................. 2
NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN ................................................................ 3
NHN XT CA HI NG BO V........................................................................ 4
MC LC ....................................................................................................................... 5
LI M U.................................................................................................................. 8
PHN I GII THIU V MNG MY TNH............................................................. 9
CHNG I : KHI QUT V MNG MY TNH.................................................. 10
1.1. Mng my tnh l g? .......................................................................................... 10
1.2. u im ca mng my tnh .............................................................................. 10
1.3. Phn loi mng my tnh.................................................................................... 11
1.3.1. Phn loi mng theo khong cch a l :................................................... 11
1.3.2. Phn loi theo k thut chuyn mch: ........................................................ 11
1.3.3 Phn loi theo kin trc mng s dng:....................................................... 12
1.3.4. Phn loi theo h iu hnh mng : ............................................................ 12
1.3.5. Phn loi mng theo chc nng :................................................................. 13
1.3.6. Phn loi mng my tnh theo topo:............................................................ 13
CHNG II : M HNH OSI...................................................................................... 16
2.1. Khi nim............................................................................................................ 16
2.2. Nhim v cc tng trong m hnh OSI............................................................... 17
CHNG III : M HNH TCP/IP .............................................................................. 22
3.1. Tng qut v TCP/IP .......................................................................................... 22
3.1.1. Tng ng Dng (Application Layer) .......................................................... 22
3.1.2. Tng Giao Vn (Transport Layer) .............................................................. 22
3.1.3. Tng Lin Mng (Internet Layer) ............................................................... 22
3.1.4. Tng Giao Din Mng (Network Interface Layer) ..................................... 23
3.2. Giao thc TCP/UDP ........................................................................................... 24
3.2.1. TCP ( Transmission Control Protocol ) ...................................................... 24
3.2.2. UDP (User Datagram Protocol)................................................................... 26
3.3. Giao thc IP ( Internet Protocol ) ...................................................................... 28
3.3.1 Tng quan v giao thc IP............................................................................ 28
3.3.2. IPv4............................................................................................................... 29
3.3.2.1. Tng quan v a ch IP ......................................................................... 29
3.3.2.2. Cc khi nim v thut ng .................................................................. 30
3.3.2.3. Cc lp a ch ....................................................................................... 30
3.3.2.4. Bng tng kt......................................................................................... 32
3.3.2.5. a ch IP Public.................................................................................... 32
3.3.2.6. a ch IP Private .................................................................................. 33
3.4. NAT ( Network address translation )................................................................. 33
3.4.1. Khi nim v NAT........................................................................................ 33
3.4.2. Cc kiu NAT.............................................................................................. 34
PHN II : CAMERA IP................................................................................................ 36
CHNG I: TNG QUAN V CAMERA ................................................................. 37
1.1. Gii thiu v camera quan st........................................................................... 37
1.1.1 Phn loai camera quan st............................................................................ 37
1.1.1.1 Phn loi theo k thut hnh nh............................................................ 37
1.1.1.2 Phn loi Camera quan st theo k thut ng truyn...................... 39
1.1.1.3 Phn loi Camera qua st theo tnh nng s dng ............................... 41
1.1.2 Thng s c bn ca camera ........................................................................ 43
1.1.2.1 Camera quan st Indoor, Outdoor ........................................................ 43
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LI M U
Trong thi i ngy nay Internet pht trin mnh c v m hnh ln cng
ngh, p ng cc nhu cu ca ngi dng. Internet c thit k kt ni nhiu
mng khc nhau v cho php thng tin c chuyn n ngi s dng mt cch t
do v nhanh chng m khng phi xem xt n my v mng m ngi ang s
dng. Vi Internet cc giao dch t xa, mua hng trc tuyn, t vn y t v nhiu
iu khc tr thnh hin thc. Tuy nhin Internet ph khp ton cu v khng
mt t chc, chnh ph c th no qun l nn rt kh khn trong vic bo mt, an
ton d liu cng nh qun l cc dch v. T ngi ta a mt m hnh
mng mi nhm tha mn cc nhu cu trn m vn c th tn dng c s h tng
hin c ca mng Internet, chnh l m hnh mng ring o (VPN Virtual
Private Network). Vi m hnh mng mi ny ngi ta khng phi u t nhiu
vo c s h tng m cc tnh nng bo mt, tin cy vn m bo ng thi vn
c th qun l c s hot ng ca mng ny. VPN c th cho php ngi dng
hot ng ti nh, trn ng i hay cc chi nhnh vn phng c th kt ni an ton
n my ch ca c quan mnh bng c s h tng c cung cp bi mng cng
cng. VPN m bo an ton thng tin gia cc i l, nh cung cp, cc i tc kinh
doanh vi nhau trong mi trng truyn thng rng ln. Trong nhiu trng hp
VPN cng ging nh WAN (Wide Area Network) nhng c tnh quyt nh ca
VPN chng c th s dng mng cng cng nh Internet m vn m bo c
tnh ring t v tit kim hn nhiu.
S pht trin nhanh chng ca cc dch v IP v s bng n ca Internet hin
i cho ra i hng lot cc ng dng mi i hi tnh n nh, hiu sut cao v c
th m rng cc p ng vi nhng yu cu trong tng lai. Vi s pht trin ca
Internet, vic truyn d liu thng tin khng cn l vn khong cch. Thit b IP
Camera vi s tch hp IP l mt trong nhng sn phm truyn d liu m thanh v
hnh nh kh tt. ng dng ca IP Camera kh rng ri trong thc t. Mt trong
nhng ng dng ca IP Camera kh ph bin trong nhng nm gn y l dng
trong an ninh, giam st. y l mt vn kh hay v mi m.
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Hnh 5 Mng kt hp
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M hnh OSI (Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model, vit ngn l OSI
Model hoc OSI Reference Model) - l M hnh tham chiu kt ni cc h thng
m - l mt thit k da vo nguyn l tng cp, l gii mt cch tru tng k
thut kt ni truyn thng gia cc my vi tnh v thit k giao thc mng gia
chng. M hnh ny c pht trin thnh mt phn trong k hoch kt ni h thng
m (Open Systems Interconnection) do ISO v IUT-T khi xng. N cn c gi
l M hnh by tng ca OSI.
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Hnh 12 Tng vt l
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truyn
liu.
giao
thc
chnh
trong
tng
ny
gm:
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gi
tin
nhn.
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Bt 0 - 3
4-9
10 - 15
Source Port
32
Sequence Number
64
Acknowledgement Number
96
Data
Offset
128
Checksum
160
Options (optional)
16 - 31
Destination Port
Reserved
Flags
Window
Urgent Pointer
160/192+
Data
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Bits 0 - 15
16 - 31
Source Port
Destination Port
32
Length
Checksum
64
Data
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Network_id
Host_id
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Network_id
Host_id
bit
cn
li
trong
byte
dnh
cho
ch
mng.
Network_id
Host_id
bit
cn
li
trong
byte
dnh
cho
ch
mng.
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d) Lp D v E
Cc a ch c byte u tin trong khong 224 n 255 l cc a ch thuc
lp D v E. Do cc lp ny khng s dng nh a ch nn khng trnh by.
3.3.2.4. Bng tng kt
Lp A
Lp B
Lp C
128-191
192-223
255.0.0.0
255.255.0.0
255.255.255.0
Broadcast
XX.255.255.255
XX.XX.255.255
XX.XX.XX.255.255
Netwok
XX.0.0.0
XX.XX.0.0
XX.XX.XX.0
128
16.384
2.097.152
host 16.777.214
65.534
254
trn
mi
Gi tr ca 0-127
byte
tin
S
byte 1
phn
Network_id
S
byte 2
phn
Host_id
Network
mask
address
S mng
mng
Hnh 17 Bng tng kt
3.3.2.5. a ch IP Public
IP Public l nhng a ch IP nh tuyn c (s dng trn internet).
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Hnh 20 V d v NAT
Dch a ch l thay th a ch thc trong mt packet thnh a ch c
nh x c kh nng nh tuyn trn mng ch. Nat gm c 2 bc: mt tin trnh
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b) PAT
PAT dch mt nhm cc a ch thc thnh mt a ch c nh x. c
bit, PAT dch a ch thc v port ngun (real socket) thnh a ch c nh x v mt
port duy nht (mapped port) ln hn 1024. Mi mt kt ni yu cu mt translation
ring bit bi v port ngun l khc nhau cho mi kt ni.
c) Static NAT
Static NAT to mt translation c nh ca mt (hoc nhiu) a ch
thc n mt (hoc nhiu) a ch c nh x. i vi Dynamic NAT hoc PAT th mi
host s s dng a ch hoc cng khc nhau cho mi translation. Bi v a ch c nh
x l nh nhau cho cc kt ni lin tc v tn ti mt translation c nh do vi static
Nat, ngi s dng mng ch c th khi to mt kt ni n host c dch (nu
accsess list) cho php.
d) Static PAT
Static PAT cng tng t nh Static NAT, ngoi tr chng ta cn phi
ch ra giao thc (TCP hoc UDP) v cng cho a ch thc v a ch c nh x.
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PHN II : CAMERA IP
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c)
Camera
quan
st
CMOS
complementary
metal
oxide
semiconductor).
Camera quan st CMOS c ngha l cht bn dn c b sung oxit kim
loi, cnh mi im bt sng c sn mch in b tr d dng tch hp ngay qu
trnh x l im nh. Vi cu trc ny, mi im nh s c x l ngay ti ch v
ng lot truyn tn hiu s v b x l ti hin hnh nh chp nn tc x
l s nhanh hn rt nhiu.
Mt u im na m cu trc ny mang li l c th cung cp chc
nng tng tc mt vng im nh (nh phng to mt phn nh) cho ngi s
dng, iu m chp cm bin CCD kh lm c. Vi kh nng b tr nhiu nh
vy nhng chip cm bin CMOS li tiu th t nng lng hn chip cm bin CCD,
cng vi nhiu yu t khc m gi thnh sn xut chip CMOS thp.
Hnh 24 Camera c dy
b) Camera quan st khng dy.
Ging nh tn gi, cc Camera quan st ny u khng c dy. Nhng
rt tic l cng khng hon ton nh vy.Cc Camera ny vn cn thit phi c dy
ngun. Cc loi Camera quan st khng dy c u im l d thi cng lp t do
khng cn i dy, tuy nhin Camera quan st c h s an ton khng cao C 1 s
vn cn quan tm i vi thit b khng dy. l tn s bn s dng.Camera
quan st khng dy s dng sng v tuyn RF truyn tn hiu thng tn s dao
ng t 1,2 n 2,4MHZ. Camera quan st khng dy c s dng khi lp t ti
cc khu vc a hnh phc tp kh i dy t Camera quan st n cc thit b quan
st, v d nh cc ngi nh c nhiu tng chn.
i vi khong cch xa hng ngn mt chng ta cn phi s dng
nhng thit b c bit hot ng tn s cao v gi thnh kh t.
Vic s dng Camera quan st khng dy c nh gi l khng an
ton d b bt sng hoc b nh hng nhiu trc cc ngun sng khc nh in
thoi di ng v thi tit
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.
Hnh 28 Camera IR
e) Camera quan st PTZ
P: Pan - Quay ngang (tri/phi)
T: Tilt - Quay dc (l n/xu ng)
Z: Zoom - (Phng to)
Pan/Tilt/Zoom hay nhng h tng t c bit n vi ci tn
thng mi l PTZ Camera. Camera quan st h tr kh nng quay 4 chiu, phng
to thu nh hnh nh. Camera quan st ny c th kt ni v iu khin thng qua
bn iu khin chuyn dng, my vi tnh hoc u ghi hnh k thut s. Hn na
Camera quan st c th c lp trnh cc v tr tun tra hot ng, nn n c th
lm tt c cc cng vic cho bn.
Camera quan st ny ph hp vi nhng ni cn an ninh cao v c
phm vi rng.
1.1.2 Thng s c bn ca camera
1.1.2.1 Camera quan st Indoor, Outdoor
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6 mm 4612
2.5 mm
10024
8 mm 3424
2.8 mm
8536
12 mm 2242
3.6 mm
7936
16 mm 2130
4 mm
6136
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1.5. X l tn hiu
100+600%
H s K c lu vo ram.
1.6. Gii thiu v Camera IP
Camera IP hay cn gi l camera mng cho php vic gim st c th thc
hin ti ch hoc thng qua h thng mng Lan / Wan / Wireless c xc nhn
bng 1 a ch IP ring bit. Cc camera c ch to s dng tiu chun nn nh
JPEG, MJEG, MPEG4 nhm gim ti a dung lng ng truyn nhng vn gi
c cht lng hnh nh.
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ng knh
Cm bin hnh nh
Cng nh sng nh
nht
Video
Hnh nh
m thanh
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An ninh
Led ch th
Ngun
12 VDC
Nhit lm vic
0C ~ 50C
20% ~ 80% RH
OS:
Microsoft
Windows
2000/XP/Vista
Browser: Internet Explorer
Yu cu h thng
Installation, Management,
and Maintenance
Installation Wizard 2
16-CH recording software
Supports firmware upgrade
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Ton b h thng
Cu trc bn ngoi
2.2. Cu hnh Camera IP Vivotek IP7135 :
2.2.1. Kt ni vi camera ip :
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Chng ta ng nhp user name : root ,pass : theo pass trong qu trnh ci t.
V giao din s hin ra nh sau . Ch : nu my tnh ca bn cha bao gi xem
camera Vivotek th bn cn active X c th xem c camera .
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Ta c m hnh nh sau :
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.
Ta chn Use fixed IP address v g vo cc thng s sau :
.
Trong phn Primary DNS chng ta nh a ch ca ISP ang s dng vo.
Trong v d ny s dng dch v ca ISP FPT nn ta g l 210.245.24.20. Ngoi ra
chng ta c th s dng cc open DNS nh 216.146.35.35 hay 208.67.222.222 .
Bc 3 : m port cho camera. Trong v d ny ta m port 5000.
Cng tab Network ta chn HTTP port : 5000 v RTSP port : 5001.
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.
Cc thng s cn li ta gi nguyn v save cu hnh chnh sa li.
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Cc thnh phn :
Camera ip :
IP
: 192.168.1.50:5000
: 192.168.1.X
: root (mc nh )
Password
: 111111
: 192.168.1.Y
Subnetmask : 255.255.255.0
Username
: u1
Password
: 123
tm
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cu hnh ta click vo
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.
Chng ta vo tab Security , vo mc Add user :
User name
: u1
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Chng ta c kt qu l :
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Trong :
Funtion area :
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2.3.3. Ci t camera :
Click vo biu tng configuration .
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.
-
Alert Setting:
+ Enable motion detect: check e canh bao do tm chyen ong bang am
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Trong o:
- Directory Settings:
Trong trng hp muon lu data len o a mang th muc nay c check, sau o
nhap Username, password va domain vao tng ng.
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.
- Local Alert Setting: ch nh am thanh canh bao tng ng.
- Remote Alert sound: thiet lap am thanh canh bao t xa
- Snapshot Format: thiet lap nh file anh khi chup nhanh.
- Modulation Mode: chon mode tn hieu video vao
- Display Options:
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+ Click on image to enable PTZ: check e co the ieu khien PTZ bang cach
click trc tiep vao
khung hnh.
+ Enable PTZ hot key: cho ieu khien PTZ bang phm tat.
+ Apply to new device:
Chn Scheduler :
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e che o ghi hnh mot cach lien tuc ta chon everyday va continuous mode roi
bam save as e lu lai cau hnh.
2.3.4. S dng chng trnh Playback for Vivotek ST3402 :
Chon playback, hoac Chay chng trnh Playback for Vivotek ST3402 khi o
se xuat hien giao dien nh sau:
Location: th t camera.
Period Start Time: thi gian bat au.
Period End Time: thi gian ket thuc.
Sau o bam play.
Lu y: can chon ung ng dan en ni cha data ghi hnh
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nh ng ni dn
n ni cha data
ghi hnh.
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1.1.3.2 u im:
a) Tit kim chi ph : Vic s dng mt VPN s gip cc cng ty gim c
chi ph u t v chi ph thng xuyn. Tng gi thnh ca vic s hu mt mng
VPN s c thu nh, do ch phi tr t hn cho vic thu bng thng ng truyn,
cc thit b mng ng trc v duy tr hot ng ca h thng. Gi thnh cho vic
kt ni LAN-to-LAN gim t 20 ti 30% so vi vic s dng ng thu ring
truyn thng. Cn i vi vic truy cp t xa gim t 60 ti 80%.
b) Tnh linh hot : Tnh linh hot y khng ch l linh hot trong qu
trnh vn hnh v khai thc m n cn thc s mm do i vi yu cu s dng.
Khch hng c th s dng kt ni T1, T3 gia cc vn phng v nhiu kiu kt ni
khc cng c th c s dng kt ni cc vn phng nh, cc i tng di
ng. Nh cung cp dch v VPN c th cung cp nhiu la chn cho khch hng,
c th l kt ni modem 56 kbit/s, ISDN 128 kbit/s, xDSL, T1, T3
c) Kh nng m rng : Do VPN c xy dng da trn c s h tng
mng cng cng (Internet), bt c ni no c mng cng cng l u c th trin
khai VPN. M mng cng cng c mt khp mi ni nn kh nng m rng ca
VPN l rt linh ng. Mt c quan xa c th kt ni mt cch d dng n mng
ca cng ty bng cch s dng ng dy in thoi hay DSLV mng VPN d
dng g b khi c nhu cu.
Kh nng m rng bng thng l khi mt vn phng, chi nhnh yu cu bng thng
ln hn th n c th c nng cp d dng.
d) Gim thiu cc yu cu v thit b : VPN da trn c s h tng ca mng
cng cng nn khng cn phi u t nhiu v cc thit b modem chuyn bit, cc
card tng thch (adapter) , chi ph bo tr cc thit b chuyn bit .
e) Tnh bo mt : Bi v VPNs s dng k thut tunneling truyn d liu
thng qua mng cng cng cho nn tnh bo mt cng c ci thin. Thm vo ,
VPNs s dng thm cc phng php tng cng bo mt nh m ha, xc nhn v
y quyn. Do VPNs c nh gi cao bo mt trong truyn tin.
1.1.3.3. Khuyt im:
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a) u im :
-
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Central site
Remote site
POP
Internet
or
Router
vn phng xa
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Central site
Remote site
DSL
cable
POP
Internet
or
Router
Extranet
Business-to-business
Intranet
.
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Hnh 37 : Minh ha ng hm ty .
1.3.2.2. Compulsory Tunnels (ng hm cng bc ) :
Khng ging nh ng hm voluntary c to ra theo yu cu ca my
khch. ng hm compulsory c to ra v nh cu hnh bi mt thit b trung
gian. Initiator phi s dng ng hm c to ra bi thit b trung gian nn n
mi c tn l ng hm cng bc.
Ghi ch: Cc giao thc ng hm khc nhau s dng cc thit b trung gian
han tan khc nhau. V d i vi L2TP s dg L2TP Access Concentrator (LAC).
Tng t giao thc PPTP s dng thit b trung gian l Front End Processor (FEP).
Cn ci t IPSec, thit b trung gian s dng trong phin truyn thng VPN l IP
Security Gateway.
ng hm compulsory
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ng hm ngn
ng hm di
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Thng thng di ca trng l 2 bytes, tuy nhin khi hin thc PPP c th s
dng n 4 bytes cho FCS tng kh nng pht hin li.
1.3.4.2. Giao thc nh hng lp 2 (L2F Layer 2 Forwarding):
Giao thc nh hng lp 2 L2F do Cisco pht trin c lp v c pht
trin da trn giao thc PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol). L2F cung cp gii php cho
dch v quay s o bng cch thit lp mt ng hm bo mt thng qua c s h
tng cng cng nh Internet. L2F l giao thc c pht trin sm nht, l phng
php truyn thng cho nhng ngi s dng xa truy cp vo mt mng cng ty
thng qua thit b truy cp t xa.
L2F cho php ng gi cc gi PPP trong L2F, nh ng hm lp lin
kt d liu.
a) Cu trc gi ca L2F
1bit
1bit 1bit
1bit 8bit
1bit
Reserved C
3bit
8bit
Version Protocol
Multiplex ID
Length
8bit
Sequence
Client ID
Offset
Key
Data
Ckecksums
Hnh 41 : nh dng gi L2F.
Trong :
F: Trng Offset c mt nu bit ny c thit lp.
K: Trng Key c mt nu bt ny c thit lp.
P_ priority: Gi ny l mt gi u tin nu bt ny c thit lp.
S: Trng Sequence c mt nu bt ny c thit lp.
Reserved: lun c t l: 00000000.
Version : Phin bn chnh ca L2F dng to gi. 3 bit ny lun l 111.
Protocol : Xc nh giao thc ng gi L2F.
Sequence: S chui c a ra nu trong L2F Header bt S=1.
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c) Hot ng ca L2F :
Khi c mt my khch quay s yu cu khi to kt ni ti mt my ch
trong mng ni b, cc quy trnh sau s c thc hin tun t:
- User t xa khi to mt kt ni PPP ti nh cung cp dch v mng ca
h. Nu user t xa l mt b phn ca mng cc b th ngi dng c th s dng
ISDN hoc cc kt ni tng t n ISP. Nu user khng phi l mt b phn ca
mng ni b th h phi dch v.
- Nu NAS hin hu ISP's POP chp nhn yu cu kt ni th kt ni
PPP s c thit lp gia NAS v user.
- User c chng thc ISP. C th s dng CHAP hay PAP thc
hin chng thc.
- Nu khng c ng hm no tn ti cng vo ca mng ch mong
mun th mt ng hm s c khi to.
- Sau khi ng hm c thit lp xong, s c mt multiplex ID ( MID)
duy nht c ch nh trn kt ni. Mt thng ip thng bo s c gi ti cng
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X l v loi b IP Header.
d) S ng gi :
Hnh 2.9 l s ng gi PPTP qua kin trc mng (t mt IP-VPN
client qua kt ni truy nhp t xa VPN, s dng modem tng t).
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TCP/IP
IPX
NetBEU
I
Bt u gi
y
NDIS
NDISWAN
L2TP
Data link
Header
PPTP
IP
Header
text
Async
X.25
ISDN
Data link
Trailer
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Hnh 45 : S ng gi L2TP
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Cc bc sau m t qu trnh :
giao din o i din cho kt ni IP-VPN s dng NDIS bng giao thc thch hp.
Header ch bao gm trng ch s PPP Protocol. Cc trng Flag hay FCS khng
c thm vo.
Header thch hp. IPSec sau s phn tch gi IP v so snh n vi chnh sch
IPSec hin thi. Da trn nhng thit lp trong chnh sch, IPSec ng gi v mt
m phn bn tin UDP ca gi IP s dng cc ESP Header v Trailer ph hp. IP
Header ban u vi Protocol field c t l 50 c thm vo pha trc ca gi
ESP. Giao thc TCP/IP sau gi gi thu c ti giao din i din cho kt ni
quay s ti local ISP s dng NDIS.
NDIS gi s ti NDISWAN.
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ti u cho mng ca cng ty. N m bo truyn thng tin cy trn mng IP cng
cng i vi cc ng dng.
IPsec to nhng ng hm bo mt xuyn qua mng Internet truyn
nhng lung d liu. Mi ng hm bo mt l mt cp nhng kt hp an ninh
bo v lung d liu gia hai Host.
IPSec c pht trin nhm vo h giao thc IP k tip l IPv6, nhng do vic
trin khai IPv6 cn chm v s cn thit phi bo mt cc gi IP nn IPSec c
thay i cho ph hp vi IPv4.
a)Khung giao thc IPSec :
IPSec l khung ca cc chun m, c pht trin bi IETF.
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truyn
gia hai h thng. N l mt phng tin kim tra xem d liu c b thay
i trong khi truyn khng. Do AH khng cung cp kh nng mt m d liu
nn cc d liu u c truyn di dng bn r.
- ESP: L mt giao thc an ton cho php mt m d liu, xc thc ngun gc d
liu, kim tra tnh ton vn d liu. ESP m bo tnh b mt ca thng tin
thng qua vic mt m lp IP. Tt c cc lu lng ESP u c mt m
gia hai h thng.
Giao thc AH
khun dng AH
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+ Authentication Data:
Trng ny c di bin i cha mt mt gi tr kim tra tnh ton vn ICV
(integrity Check Value) cho gi tin. di ca trng ny bng s nguyn ln 32
bit (hay 4 Byte).
Trng ny c th cha mt phn d liu m kiu tng minh (Explicit padding)
m bo di ca AH header l s nguyn ln 32 bit (i vi IPv4) hoc 64 bit
(i vi IPv6).
Giao thc ESP
Khun dng ESP
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bt buc cho d pha thu khng thc hin dch v chng trng lp cho mt
SA c th no. vic x l SN tu thuc pha thu, ngha l pha pht lun
phi truyn trng ny, cn pha thu c th khng cn phi x l n.
-
+ Payload Data
Trng ny c di bin i cha d liu m t trong Next header. Payload
Data l trng bt buc v c di bng s nguyn ln Byte.
+ Padding
Nu thut ton mt m c s dng yu cu bn r (cleartext hay plaintext)
phi l s nguyn ln khi cc Byte (trong mt m khi) th Padding field c s
dng thm vo Plaintext c kch thc yu cu.
Padding cn thit m bo phn d liu mt m s kt thc bin gii 4
Byte phn bit r rng vi trng Authentication Data.
Ngoi ra padding cn c th c s dng che du di thc ca Payload,
tuy nhin mc dch ny phi c cn nhc v n nh hng ti bng tn truyn
dn. Bn gi c th thm 0255 Padding Byte.
+ Pad length
Trng ny xcnh s padding Byte thm vo. Cc gi tr hp l l 0255.
Pad length l trng bt buc.
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Hnh 4.23 : Khun dng gi tin IPv4 trc v sau khi x l ESP
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A gi lu lng cn bo v ti B
Router A v B tho thun mt phin trao i IKE Phase 1 IKE
SA
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Clear text
Digital Certification
Mng ring
c bo v
Certificate
Authority
Internal
Network
D liu
IKE Session
SA
Internal
Network
Internet
LAN
Authenticated
Encryption Tunnel
LAN
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IKE vn l cng ngh cha c chng minh. Phng thc chuyn kho
bng tay li khng thch hp cho mng c s lng ln cc i tng di
ng.
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( X nm trong di t 1 n 255)
Hnh 52 IP WAN
e thuan tien cho qua trnh truy cap ta ngi ta s dung ten mien thay the
cho IP WAN. Gia s ta co ten mien ttp07b.homeip.net tng ng vi a ch IP
WAN 118.112.10.156 , khi IPWAN thay oi thanh 1 a ch khac nh
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mien ttp07b.homeip.net.
=> nh vay chung ta khong can quan tam en IP WAN ma ch can nh en ten
mien ma thoi.
Ta c th ng k ti khon cc trang no-ip.com hoc dyndns.com . Sau khi
ng k xong th m mail kch hot ti khon , vo li trang no-ip.com hoc
dyndns.com ng nhp bng accoutn ng k ri to mt tn min .
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To mt tn min
ri chn ui.
Nhp vo y
cp nht IP
WAN
Hnh 54 : To mt tn min.
Sau click Next hon thnh .
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Hnh 61: Cho php cu hnh Routing and Remote Access Server.
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Sau khi ci t Routing and Remote Access, cu hnh VPN Server, c th chy
Manage Your Server, sau click vo Manage this remote access/VPN server (nh
hnh). Hoc c th click Start-> Programs-> Administrative Tools -> Routing and
Remote Access.
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Password l 1234.
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Sau khi vo c giao din chnh chn Tab Advanced khai bo tn min ng.
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Trong Tab Network chn thanh NAT, mn hnh bn phi chn Tab Port
Forwarding. Sau chn giao thc PPTP trong Service Name ri g a ch IP
ca VPN server -> sau Add li.
Nh vy l m port 1723 trong modem ADSL. Bc tip theo l kim tra port
m thnh cng cha . Vo trang web canyouseeme.org kim tra.
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Open mc :
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KT LUN
ti Tm hiu VPN v Cu hnh Camera IP ca chng em hon tt.
ti trnh by c nguyn tc lm vic v cch cu hnh cua mt mng VPN v
cch cu hnh Camera IP qua internet.
Cui cng em xin chn thnh cm n qu thy c v cc bn gip chng
em hon tt n ny. c bit, chng em xin cm n thy Trng Quang Trung
hng dn em hon thnh d n ny.
Tuy nhin do kin thc v thi gian c hn nn n khng trnh khi sai st,
rt mong c s ng gp kin ca thy v cc bn em hon thin n ny.
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THUT NG VIT TT
T vit tt
T y
ngha
ADSL
AES
Chun mt m cao cp
AH
Authentication Header
ARP
ATM
B-ISDN
Broadband
Integrated
Digital Network
CIR
CHAP
Challenge
Handshake Giao thc xc thc yu cu bt tay
Authentication Protocol.
CSU
n v dch v knh
DCE
DES
DHCP
Dynamic
Protocol
DNS
DDNS
Dynamic DNS
DSL
ng dy thu bao s
DSP
B x l tn hiu s
DSU
n v dch v d liu
ESP
FCS
FR
Frame Relay
FTP
GAN
Mng ton cu
Host
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GVPNS
ICMP
IKE
IN
Intelligent Network
IP
Internet Protocol
IP-Sec
ISDN
Mng s a dch v
ISO
ISP
L2F
Layer 2 Forwarding
L2TP
LAC
LAN
Mng cc b
LCP
LLC
LNS
My ch mng L2TP
MAC
M xc thc bn tin
MG
Media Gateway
MGC
MPLS
MPPE
MTU
n v truyn ti ln nht
NAS
NCP
NGN
Mng th h sau
OSI
M hnh OSI
Referency Model
PAP
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PDU
PKI
POP
Point of presence
PPP
Giao thc im ti im
PPPoA
PPPoE
Point to
Ethernet
PPTP
QoS
Quality of Service
RAS
RADIUS
RRAS
SA
Securty Association
Kt hp an ninh
SIG
SNMP
Simple
Network
Protocol
SONET
Mng quang ng b
RTP
SMTP
SVC
TCP
TE
Terminal Equipment
Thit b u cui
TFTP
UNI
UDP
VC
Virtual Circuit
Knh o
VNS
Dch v mng o
Point
Protocol
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VPN
Mng ring o
WAN
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Cc website
1) http://google.com.vn
2) http://nhatnghe.com
3) http://thegioimang.com
4) http://vi.wikipedia.org
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