n tp L 12 chng trnh nng cao Bin son: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun Trang 1

IV. DAO NG IN T
A. TM TT L THUYT
1. Dao ng in t.
* S bin thin in tch v dng in trong mch dao ng
+ Mch dao ng l mt mch in khp kn gm mt t in c in dung C v mt cun dy c t cm
L, c in tr thun khng ng k ni vi nhau.
+ in tch trn t in trong mch dao ng: q = q
0
cos(et + m).
+ Cng dng in trn cun dy: i = q' = - eq
0
sin(et + m) = I
0
cos(et + m +
2
t
); e =
LC
1
; I
0
= q
0
e.
+ Chu k v tn s ring ca mch dao ng: T = 2t LC ; f =
LC t 2
1
.
* Nng lng in t trong mch dao ng
+ Nng lng in trng tp trung trong t in: W
C
=
2
1
C
q
2
=
2
1
2
0
q
C
cos
2
(et + m).
+ Nng lng t trng tp trung trong cun cm: W
L
=
2
1
Li
2
=
2
1
Le
2
q
2
0
sin
2
(et + m) =
2
1
2
0
q
C
sin
2
(et + m).
Nng lng in trng v nng lng t trng bin thin tun hon vi tn s gc e = 2e v chu k T
=
2
T
.
+ Nng lng in t trong mch:
W = W
C
+ W
L
=
2
1
2
0
q
C
cos
2
(et + m) +
2
1
2
0
q
C
sin
2
(et + m) =
2
1
2
0
q
C
=
2
1
LI
2
0
=
2
1
CU
2
0
= hng s.
+ Lin h gia q
0
, I
0
v U
0
trong mch dao ng: q
0
= CU
0
=
0
I
e
= I
0
LC .
2. in t trng.
* Lin h gia in trng bin thin v t trng bin thin
+ Nu ti mt ni c mt t trng bin thin theo thi gian th ti ni xut hin mt in trng xoy.
in trng xoy l in trng c cc ng sc l ng cong kn.
+ Nu ti mt ni c in trng bin thin theo thi gian th ti ni xut hin mt t trng. ng sc
ca t trng lun khp kn.
* in t trng
Mi bin thin theo thi gian ca t trng sinh ra trong khng gian xung quanh mt in trng xoy bin
thin theo thi gian, ngc li mi bin thin theo thi gian ca in trng cng sinh ra mt t trng bin
thin theo thi gian trong khng gian xung quanh.
in trng bin thin v t trng bin thin cng tn ti trong khng gian. Chng c th chuyn ha ln
nhau trong mt trng thng nht c gi l in t trng.
3. Sng in t - Thng tin lin lc bng v tuyn.
Sng in t l in t trng lan truyn trong khng gian.
* c im ca sng in t
+ Sng in t lan truyn c trong chn khng. Vn tc lan truyn ca sng in t trong chn khng bng
vn tc nh sng (c ~ 3.10
8
m/s). Sng in t lan truyn c trong cc in mi. Tc lan truyn ca sng
in t trong cc in mi nh hn trong chn khng v ph thuc vo hng s in mi.
+ Sng in t l sng ngang. Trong qu trnh lan truyn

E v

B lun lun vung gc vi nhau v vung gc

vi phng truyn sng. Ti mi im dao ng ca in trng v t trng trong sng in t lun cng
pha vi nhau.
+ Khi sng in t gp mt phn cch gia hai mi trng th n cng b phn x v khc x nh nh sng.
Ngoi ra cng c hin tng giao thoa, nhiu x... sng in t.
+ Sng in t mang nng lng. Nh c nng lng m khi sng in t truyn n mt anten, n s lm
cho cc electron t do trong anten dao ng.
Ngun pht sng in t rt a dng, c th l bt c vt th no c th to ra mt in trng hoc mt t
trng bin thin, nh tia la in, dy dn dng in xoay chiu, cu dao ng, ngt mch in ... .
* Thng tin lin lc bng sng v tuyn
+ Sng v tuyn l cc sng in t dng trong v tuyn. Chng c bc sng t vi m n vi km. Theo
bc sng, ngi ta chia sng v tuyn thnh cc loi: sng cc ngn, sng ngn, sng trung v sng di.
n tp L 12 chng trnh nng cao Bin son: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun Trang 2
+ Tng in li l lp kh quyn b ion ha mnh bi nh sng Mt Tri v nm trong khong cao t 80 km
m 800 km, c nh hng rt ln n s truyn sng v tuyn in.
+ Cc phn t khng kh trong kh quyn hp th rt mnh cc sng di, sng trung v sng cc ngn nhng
t hp th cc vng sng ngn. Cc sng ngn phn x tt trn tng in li v mt t.
+ Nguyn tc chung ca thng tin lin lc bng sng v tuyn in:
- Bin m thanh (hoc hnh nh) mun truyn i thnh cc dao ng in t c tn s thp gi l cc tn
hiu m tn (hoc tnh hiu th tn).
- Dng sng in t tn s cao (cao tn) mang cc tn hiu m tn hoc th tn i xa, sng ny gi l
sng mang. Mun vy phi trn sng in t m tn hoc th tn vi sng in t cao tn (bin iu chng).
Qua anten pht, sng in t cao tn bin iu c truyn i trong khng gian.
- Dng my thu vi anten thu chn v thu ly sng in t cao tn mun thu.
- Tch tn hiu ra khi sng cao tn (tch sng) ri dng loa nghe m thanh truyn ti hoc dng mn
hnh xem hnh nh.
tng cng ca sng truyn i v tng cng ca tn hiu thu c ngi ta dng cc mch
khuch i.
+ S khi ca mch pht thanh v tuyn n gin gm: micr, b pht sng cao tn, mch bin iu, mch
khuch i v anten.
+ S khi ca mt my thu thanh n gin gm: anten, mch khuch i dao ng in t cao tn, mch
tch sng, mch khuch i dao ng in t m tn v loa.
B. CC DNG BI TP
1. Cc i lng c trng ca mch dao ng LC Biu thc ca q, i, u .
* Cc cng thc:
Chu k, tn s, tn s gc ca mch dao ng: T = LC t 2 ; f =
LC t 2
1
; e =
LC
1
.
Bc sng in t: trong chn khng: =
f
c
; trong mi trng: =
f
v
=
nf
c
.
Mch chn sng ca my thu v tuyn thu c sng in t c bc sng: =
f
c
= 2tc LC .
Nu mch chn sng c c L v C bin i th bc sng m my thu v tuyn thu c s thay i trong gii
hn t:
min
= 2tc
min min
C L n
max
= 2tc
max max
C L .
Biu thc in tch q trn t: q = q
0
cos(et + m
q
). Khi t = 0 nu q ang tng (t in ang tch in) th m
q
< 0;
nu q ang gim (t in ang phng in) th m
q
> 0.
Biu thc ca i trn mch dao ng: i = I
0
cos(et + m
i
) = I
o
cos(et + m
q
+
2
t
). Khi t = 0 nu i ang tng th m
i
<
0; nu i ang gim th m
i
> 0.
Biu thc in p u trn t in: u =
C
q
=
C
q
0
cos(et + m
q
) = U
0
cos(et + m
u
). Ta thy m
u
= m
u
. Khi t = 0 nu u
ang tng th m
u
< 0; nu u ang gim th m
u
> 0.
* Phng php gii :
+ tm cc i lng c trng trn mch dao ng in t LC ta vit biu thc lin quan n cc i lng
bit v i lng cn tm t suy ra v tnh i lng cn tm.
+ vit biu thc ca q, i hoc u ta tm tn s gc e, gi tr cc i v pha ban u ca i lng cn vit
biu thc ri thay vo biu thc tng ng ca chng.
* Bi tp minh ha:
1. Mt mch dao ng in t LC gm cun dy thun cm c t cm L = 2 mH v t in c in dung
C = 0,2 uF. Bit dy dn c in tr thun khng ng k v trong mch c dao ng in t ring. Xc nh
chu k, tn s ring ca mch.
2. Mch dao ng ca mt my thu thanh vi cun dy c t cm L = 5.10
-6
H, t in c in dung
2.10
-8
F; in tr thun R = 0. Hy cho bit my thu c sng in t c bc sng bng bao nhiu?
3. Mch chn sng ca mt my thu v tuyn in gm mt cun dy c t cm L = 4 uH v mt t in
C = 40 nF.
a) Tnh bc sng in t m mch thu c.
b) mch bt c sng c bc sng trong khong t 60 m n 600 m th cn phi thay t in C bng
t xoay C
V
c in dung bin thin trong khong no? Ly t
2
= 10; c = 3.10
8
m/s.
n tp L 12 chng trnh nng cao Bin son: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun Trang 3
4. Cho mt mch dao ng in t LC ang dao ng t do, t cm L = 1 mH. Ngi ta o c in p
cc i gia hai bn t l 10 V, cng dng in cc i trong mch l 1 mA. Tm bc sng in t m
mch ny cng hng.
5. Mch chn sng ca mt my thu thanh gm mt cun dy c t cm L = 2.10
-6
H, t in c in dung
C thay i c, in tr thun R = 0. my thu thanh thu c cc sng in t c bc sng t 57 m (coi
bng 18t m) n 753 m (coi bng 240t m) th t in phi c in dung thay i trong khong no? Cho
c = 3.10
8
m/s.
6. Mt mch dao ng gm t in c in dung C = 25 pF v cun dy thun cm c t cm L = 10
-4
H.
Gi s thi im ban u cng dng in t gi tr cc i v bng 40 mA. Tm biu thc cng
dng in, biu thc in tch trn cc bn t in v biu thc in p gia hai bn t.
7. Cho mch dao ng l tng vi C = 1 nF, L = 1 mH, in p hiu dng ca t in l U
C
= 4 V. Lc t = 0,
u
C
= 2 2 V v t in ang c np in. Vit biu thc in p trn t in v cng dng in chy
trong mch dao ng.
8. Mch dao ng kn, l tng c L = 1 mH, C = 10 uF. Khi dao ng cng dng in hiu dng
I = 1 mA. Chn gc thi gian lc nng lng in trng bng 3 ln nng lng t trng v t in ang
phng in. Vit biu thc in tch trn t in, in p gia hai bn t v cng dng in trn mch dao
ng.
* Hng dn gii v p s:
1. Ta c: T = 2t LC = 4t.10
-5
= 12,57.10
-5
s; f =
T
1
= 8.10
3
Hz.
2. Ta c: = 2tc LC = 600 m.
3. a) Ta c: = 2tc LC = 754 m.
b) Ta c: C
1
=
L c
2 2
2
1
4t

= 0,25.10
-9
F; C
2
=
L c
2 2
2
2
4t

= 25.10
-9
F; vy phi s dng t xoay C
V
c in dung
bin thin t 0,25 pF n 25 pF.
4. Ta c:
2
1
CU
2
0
=
2
1
LI
2
0
C =
2
0
2
0
U
LI
; = 2tc LC = 2tc
0
0
U
LI
= 60t = 188,5m.
5. Ta c: C
1
=
L c
2 2
2
1
4t

= 4,5.10
-10
F; C
2
=
L c
2 2
2
2
4t

= 800.10
-10
F.
Vy C bin thin t 4,5.10
-10
F n 800.10
-10
F.
6. Ta c: e =
LC
1
= 10
5
rad/s; i = I
0
cos(et + m); khi t = 0 th i = I
0
cosm = 1 m = 0.
Vy i = 4.10
-2
cos10
5
t (A). q
0
=
e
0
I
= 4.10
-7
C; q = 4.10
-7
cos(10
5
t -
2
t
)(C). u =
C
q
= 16.10
3
cos(10
5
t -
2
t
)(V).
7. Ta c: e =
LC
1
= 10
6
rad/s; U
0
= U 2 = 4 2 V; cosm =
0
U
u
=
2
1
= cos(
3
t
); v t ang np in nn
m = -
3
t
rad. Vy: u = 4 2 cos(10
6
t -
3
t
)(V).
I
0
=
L
C
U
0
= 4 2 .10
-3
A; i = I
0
cos(10
6
t -
3
t
+
2
t
) = 4 2 .10
-3
cos(10
6
t +
6
t
)(A).
8. Ta c: e =
LC
1
= 10
4
rad/s; I
0
= I 2 = 2 .10
-3
A; q
0
=
e
0
I
= 2 .10
-7
C. Khi t = 0 th W
C
= 3W
t

W =
3
4
W
C
q =
2
3
q
0
cosm
0
q
q
= cos(
6
t
). V t ang phng in nn m =
6
t
;
Vy: q = 2 .10
-7
cos(10
4
t +
6
t
)(C); u =
C
q
= 2 .10
-2
cos(10
4
t +
6
t
)(V); i = 2 .10
-3
cos(10
4
t +
2
3t
)(A).
2. Bi ton v nng lng in t trong mch dao ng LC.
* Cc cng thc:
Nng lng in trng: W
C
=
2
1
Cu
2
=
2
1
C
q
2
.
n tp L 12 chng trnh nng cao Bin son: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun Trang 4
Nng lng t trng: W
t
=
2
1
Li
2
.
Nng lng in t: W

= W
C
+ W
t
=
2
1
C
q
2
0
=
2
1
CU
2
0

=
2
1
LI
2
0

Nng lng in trng v nng lng t trng bin thin tun hon vi tn s gc e = 2e =
LC
2
, vi
chu k T =
2
T
= LC t .
Nu mch c in tr thun R = 0 th dao ng s tt dn. duy tr dao ng cn cung cp cho mch mt
nng lng c cng sut: P = I
2
R =
L
RC U R U C
2 2
2
0
2
0
2 2
=
e
.
Lin h gia q
0
, U
0
, I
0
: q
0
= CU
0
=
0
I
e
= I
0
LC .
* Phng php gii :
tm cc i lng lin quan n nng lng in t trn mch dao ng in t LC ta vit biu thc lin
quan n cc i lng bit v i lng cn tm t suy ra v tnh i lng cn tm.
* Bi tp minh ha:
1. Cho mt mch dao ng in t gm mt t in c in dung C = 5 uF v mt cun thun cm c t
cm L = 50 mH. Bit in p cc i trn t l 6 V. Tm nng lng in trng v nng lng t trng
trong mch khi in p trn t in l 4 V v cng dng in i khi .
2. Trong mt mch LC, L = 25 mH v C = 1,6 uF thi im t = 0, cng dng in trong mch bng
6,93 mA, in tch trn t in bng 0,8 uC. Tnh nng lng ca mch dao ng.
3. Mt mch dao ng in t gm mt t in c in dung 0,125 uF v mt cun cm c t cm 50 uH.
in tr thun ca mch khng ng k. in p cc i gia hai bn t in l 3 V. Tnh cng dng
in cc i, cng dng in, nng lng in trng, nng lng t trng trong mch lc in p gia
hai bn t l 2 V.
4. Mt mch dao ng gm cun cm c t cm 27 uH, v t in c in dung 3000 pF; in tr thun
ca cun dy v dy ni l 1 ; in p cc i gia hai bn t in l 5 V. Tnh cng sut cn cung cp
duy tr dao ng ca mch trong mt thi gian di.
5. Mt mch dao ng in t LC l tng gm cun cm thun c t cm 5 uH v t in c in dung
5 uF. Trong mch c dao ng in t t do. Tnh khong thi gian gia hai ln lin tip m in tch trn
mt bn t in c ln cc i v khong thi gian gia hai ln lin tip m nng lng in trng bng
nng lng t trng.
6. Cng dng in tc thi trong mt mch dao ng LC l tng l i = 0,08cos2000t (A). Cun dy c
t cm L = 50 mH. Hy tnh in dung ca t in. Xc nh in p gia hai bn t in ti thi im
cng dng in tc thi trong mch bng gi tr cng dng in hiu dng.
7. Mt mch dao ng LC l tng ang c dao ng in t t do. Bit in tch cc i ca mt bn t in
c ln l 10
-8
C v cng dng in cc i qua cun cm thun l 62,8 mA. Tnh tn s dao ng in
t t do ca mch.
8. Khung dao ng in t gm mt cun dy thun cm c t cm L = 0,1 H v t in c in dung
C = 10 uF. Dao ng in t trong khung l dao ng iu ho vi cng dng in cc i I
0
= 0,05 A.
Tnh in p gia hai bn t thi im i = 0,03 A v cng dng in trong mch lc in tch trn t c
gi tr q = 30 uC.
* Hng dn gii v p s:
1. Ta c: W =
2
1
CU
2
0
= 9.10
-5
J; W
C
=
2
1
Cu
2
= 4.10
-5
J; W
t
= W W
C
= 5.10
-5
J; i =
L
W
t
2
= 0,045 A.
2. Ta c: W =
2
1
C
q
2
+
2
1
Li
2
= 0,8.10
-6
J.
3. Ta c: I
0
=
L
C
U
0
= 0,15 A; W =
2
1
CU
2
0
= 0,5625.10
-6
J; W
C
=
2
1
Cu
2
= 0,25.10
-6
J;
W
t
= W W
C
= 0,3125.10
-6
J; i =
L
W
t
2
= 0,11 A.
n tp L 12 chng trnh nng cao Bin son: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun Trang 5
4. Ta c: I
0
= eq
0
= eCU
0
= U
0
L
C
= 57,7.10
-3
A ; P =
2
2
0
R I
= 1,39.10
-6
W.
5. Chu k dao ng: T = 2t LC = 10t.10
-6
= 31,4.10
-6
s.
Trong mt chu k c 2 ln in tch trn bn t t gi tr cc i nn khong thi gian gia hai ln lin tip
m in tch trn bn t t cc i l At =
2
T
= 5t.10
-6
= 15,7.10
-6
s.
Trong mt chu k c 4 ln nng lng in trng bng nng lng t trng nn khong thi gian gia
hai ln lin tip m nng lng in trng bng nng lng t trng l At =
4
T
= 2,5t.10
-6
= 7,85.10
-6
s.
6. Ta c: C =
L
2
1
e
= 5.10
-6
F; W =
2
1
LI
2
0
= 1,6.10
-4
J; W
t
=
2
1
LI
2
=
2
1
L
2
2
0
I
= 0,8.10
-4
J;
W
C
= W W
t
= 0,8.10
-4
J; u =
C
W
C
2
= 4 2 V.
7. Ta c: I
0
= eq
0
e =
0
0
q
I
= 6,28.10
6
rad/s f =
t
e
2
= 10
6
Hz.
8. Ta c: W =
2
1
LI
2
0
= 1,25.10
-4
J; W
t
=
2
1
Li
2
= 0,45.10
-4
J; W
C
= W - W
t
= 0,8.10
-4
J; u =
C
W
C
2
= 4V.
W
C
=
2
1
C
q
2
= 0,45.10
-4
J; W
t
= W - W
t
= 0,8.10
-4
J; i =
L
W
t
2
= 0,04 A.
3. Sng in t - Lin lc bng thng tin v tuyn Mch chn sng vi b t in c cc t in ghp.
* Kin thc lin quan:
Sng in t l qu trnh lan truyn trong khng gian ca in t trng bin thin theo thi gian.
Sng in t l sng ngang, lan truyn trong chn khng vi vn tc bng vn tc nh sng (c = 3.108 m/s).
Cc loi sng v tuyn:
Tn sng Bc sng Tn s f
Sng di Trn 3000 m Di 0,1 MHz
Sng trung 3000 m 200 m 0,1 MHz 1,5 MHz
Sng ngn 200 m 10 m 1,5 MHz 30 MHz
Sng cc ngn 10 m 0,01 m 30 MHz 30000 MHz
Trong thng tin lin lc bng v tuyn pht sng in t i xa ngi ta phi trn sng m tn hoc th tn
vi sng cao tn (gi l bin iu sng in t). C th bin iu bin , tn s hoc pha ca dao ng cao
tn: lm cho bin , tn s hoc pha ca dao ng cao tn bin thin theo tn s ca dao ng m tn hoc
th tn.
B t mc ni tip : ...
1 1 1
2 1
+ + =
C C C
+
n
C
1
. B t mc song song: C = C
1
+ C
2
+ + C
n
.
* Bi tp minh ha:
1. Trong thng tin lin lc bng sng v tuyn, ngi ta s dng cch bin iu bin , tc l lm cho bin
ca sng in t cao tn (sng mang) bin thin theo thi gian vi tn s bng tn s ca dao ng m tn. Cho
tn s sng mang l 800 kHz, tn s ca dao ng m tn l 1000 Hz. Xc nh s dao ng ton phn ca dao
ng cao tn khi dao ng m tn thc hin c mt dao ng ton phn.
2. Mt mch thu sng in t gm cun dy thun cm c h s t cm khng i v t in c in dung
bin i. thu c sng c bc sng 90 m, ngi ta phi iu chnh in dung ca t l 300 pF. thu
c sng 91 m th phi iu chnh in dung ca t in n gi tr no?
3. Mch chn sng ca mt my thu v tuyn in gm t in c in dung C
0
v cun cm thun c t cm
L, thu c sng in t c bc sng 20 m. thu c sng in t c bc sng 60 m th phi mc vi C
0

mt t in c in dung C
X
. Hi phi mc C
X
th no vi C
0
? Tnh C
X
theo C
0
.
4. Mch chn sng ca mt my thu v tuyn l mt mch dao ng c mt cun thun cm m t cm c
th thay i trong khong t 10 uH n 160 uH v mt t in m in dung c th thay i 40 pF n
250 pF. Tnh bng sng v tuyn (theo bc sng) m my ny bt c.
5. Mch chn sng ca mt my thu v tuyn l mt mch dao ng c mt cun thun cm c t cm
10 uH v mt t in c in dung bin thin trong mt gii hn nht nh. My ny thu c bng sng v
n tp L 12 chng trnh nng cao Bin son: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun Trang 6
tuyn c bc sng nm trong khong t 10 m n 50 m. Hi khi thay cun thun cm trn bng cun thun
cm khc c t cm 90 uH th my ny thu c bng sng v tuyn c bc sng nm trong khong no?
6. Mt mch dao ng c cu to t mt cun thun cm L v hai t in C
1
v C
2
. Khi dng L vi C
1
th
mch dao ng bt c sng in t c bc sng
1
= 75 m. Khi dng L vi C
2
th mch dao ng bt
c sng in t c bc sng
2
= 100 m. Tnh bc sng in t m mch dao ng bt c khi:
a) Dng L vi C
1
v C
2
mc ni tip.
b) Dng L vi C
1
v C
2
mc song song.
7. Mt mch dao ng LC l tng gm cun cm thun c t cm khng i. Khi mc cun cm vi t
in c in dung C
1
th tn s dao ng ring ca mch l 7,5 MHz v khi mc cun cm vi t in c in
dung C
2
th tn s dao ng ring ca mch l 10 MHz. Tnh tn s dao ng ring ca mch khi mc cun
cm vi:
a) Hai t C
1
v C
2
mc ni tip.
b) Hai t C
1
v C
2
mc song song.
8. Xt hai mch dao ng in t l tng. Chu k dao ng ring ca mch th nht l T
1
, ca mch th hai l
T
2
= 2T
1
. Ban u in tch trn mi bn t in c ln cc i Q
0
. Sau mi t in phng in qua cun
cm ca mch. Khi in tch trn mi bn t ca hai mch u c ln bng q (0 < q < Q
0
) th t s ln
cng dng in trong mch th nht v ln cng dng in trong mch th hai l bao nhiu?
* Hng dn gii v p s:
1. Thi gian dao ng m tn thc hin c mt dao ng ton phn: T
A
=
1
A
f
= 10
-3
s. Thi gian dao
ng cao tn thc hin c mt dao ng ton phn T
C
=
1
C
f
= 0,125.10
-5
s. S dao ng ton phn ca dao
ng cao tn khi dao ng m tn thc hin c mt dao ng ton phn: N =
A
C
T
T
= 800.
2. Ta c:
2
1
2
1
C
C
=

C
2
=
2
1
2
2 1

C
= 306,7 pF.
3. Ta c:
0
= 2tc
0
LC ;
X
=
f
c
= 2tc
b
LC
0 0
b X
C
C

= = 3 C
b
= 9C
0
. V C
b
> C
0
nn phi mc C
X

song song vi C
0
v C
X
= C
b
C
0
= 8C
0
.
4. Ta c:
min
= 2tc
min min
L C = 37,7 m;
max
= 2tc
ax ax m m
L C = 377 m.

5. Ta c:
min
= 2tc
min
LC ;
'
min
= 2tc
min
' L C
'
min
=
' L
L
.
min
= 30 m;
'
max
=
' L
L
.
max
= 150 m.
6. a) Ta c:
nt
= 2tc
2 1
2 1
C C
C LC
+

nt
=
2
2
2
1
2 1


+
= 60 m.
b) Ta c:
//
= 2tc ) (
2 1
C C L + =>
//
=
2
2
2
1
+ = 125 m.
7. a) Ta c: f
nt
=
2 1
2 1
2
1
C C
C LC
+
t
f
nt
=
2
2
2
1
f f + = 12,5 Hz.
b) Ta c: f
//
=
) ( 2
1
2 1
C C L + t
f
//
=
2
2
2
1
2 1
f f
f f
+
= 6 Hz.
8. Ta c: e
1
=
1
2
T
t
; e
2
=
2
2
T
t
=
1
2
2
T
t
=
2
1
e
e
1
= 2e
2
; I
01
= e
1
Q
0
; I
02
= e
2
Q
0
I
01
= 2I
02
.
V:
2
01
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
Q
q
+
2
01
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
I
i
= 1;
2
02
2
|
|
.
|

\
|
Q
q
+
2
02
2
|
|
.
|

\
|
I
i
= 1; Q
01
= Q
02
= Q
0
v |q
1
| = |q
2
| = q > 0
2
01
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
I
i
=
2
02
2
|
|
.
|

\
|
I
i


| |
| |
2
1
i
i
=
02
01
I
I
= 2.
n tp L 12 chng trnh nng cao Bin son: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun Trang 7
C. MT S CU TRC NGHIM LUYN TP
* thi H C nm 2009:
1. Mt mch dao ng in t LC l tng gm cun cm thun c t cm 5 uH v t in c in dung
5 uF. Trong mch c dao ng in t t do. Khong thi gian gia hai ln lin tip m in tch trn mt bn
t in c ln cc i l
A. 5t.10
-6
s. B. 2,5t.10
-6
s. C.10t.10
-6
s. D. 10
-6
s.
2. Trong mch dao ng LC l tng ang c dao ng in t t do, in tch ca mt bn t in v cng
dng in qua cun cm bin thin iu ha theo thi gian
A. lun ngc pha nhau. B. vi cng bin .
C. lun cng pha nhau. D. vi cng tn s.
3. Khi ni v dao ng in t trong mch dao ng LC l tng, pht biu no sau y sai?
A. Cng dng in qua cun cm v hiu in th gia hai bn t in bin thin iu ha theo thi
gian vi cng tn s.
B. Nng lng in t ca mch gm nng lng t trng v nng lng in trng.
C. in tch ca mt bn t in v cng dng in trong mch bin thin iu ha theo thi gian lch
pha nhau
2
t
.
D. Nng lng t trng v nng lng in trng ca mch lun cng tng hoc lun cng gim.
4. Mt mch dao ng LC l tng gm cun cm thun c t cm khng i, t in c in dung C thay
i. Khi C = C
1
th tn s dao ng ring ca mch l 7,5 MHz v khi C = C
2
th tn s dao ng ring ca
mch l 10 MHz. Nu C = C
1
+ C
2
th tn s dao ng ring ca mch l
A. 12,5 MHz. B. 2,5 MHz. C. 17,5 MHz. D. 6,0 MHz.
5. Mt sng in t c tn s 100 MHz truyn vi tc 3.10
8
m/s c bc sng l
A. 300 m. B. 0,3 m. C. 30 m. D. 3 m.
6. Mt mch dao ng in t LC l tng gm cun cm thun t cm L v t in c in dung thay i
c t C
1
n C
2
. Mch dao ng ny c chu k dao ng ring thay i c.
A. t
1
4 LC t n
2
4 LC t . B. t
1
2 LC t n
2
2 LC t .
C. t
1
2 LC n
2
2 LC . D. t
1
4 LC n
2
4 LC .
7. Mch thu sng in t gm cun dy thun cm c t cm khng i v t in c in dung bin i.
thu c sng c bc sng 90 m, ngi ta phi iu chnh in dung ca t l 300 pF. thu c sng
91 m th phi
A. tng in dung ca t thm 303,3 pF. B. tng in dung ca t thm 306,7 pF.
C. tng in dung ca t thm 3,3 pF. D. tng in dung ca t thm 6,7 pF.
8. Mt mch chn sng thu c sng c bc sng 20 m th cn chnh in dung ca t l 200 pF. thu
c bc sng 21 m th chnh in dung ca t l
A. 220,5 pF. B. 190,47 pF. C. 210 pF. D. 181,4 mF.
9. Trong mch dao ng LC l tng c dao ng in t t do th
A. nng lng in trng tp trung cun cm.
B. nng lng in trng v nng lng t trng lun khng i.
C. nng lng t trng tp trung t in.
D. nng lng in t ca mch c bo ton.
10. Mt mch dao ng LC l tng ang c dao ng in t t do. Bit in tch cc i ca mt bn t
in c ln l 10
-8
C v cng dng in cc i qua cun cm thun l 62,8 mA. Tn s dao ng in
t t do ca mch l
A. 2,5.10
3
kHz. B. 3.10
3
kHz. C. 2.10
3
kHz. D. 10
3
kHz.
11. Mch dao ng LC l tng gm t in c in dung C, cun cm thun c t cm L. Trong mch c
dao ng in t t do. Bit hiu in th cc i gia hai bn t in l U
0
. Nng lng in t ca mch
bng
A.
2
1
LC
2
. B.
2
0
U
LC
2
. C.
2
0
1
CU
2
. D.
2
1
CL
2
.
12. Mt mch dao ng LC l tng, gm cun cm thun c t cm L v t in c in dung C. Trong
mch c dao ng in t t do. Gi U
0
, I
0
ln lt l hiu in th cc i gia hai u t in v cng
dng in cc i trong mch th
n tp L 12 chng trnh nng cao Bin son: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun Trang 8
A.
0
0
I
U
LC
= . B.
0 0
L
U I
C
= . C.
0 0
C
U I
L
= . D.
0 0
U I LC = .
thi H C nm 2010
13. Mt mch dao ng l tng gm cun cm thun c t cm 4 H v mt t in c in dung bin i
t 10 pF n 640 pF. Ly
2
= 10. Chu k dao ng ring ca mch ny c gi tr
A. t 2.10
-8
s n 3,6.10
-7
s. B. t 4.10
-8
s n 2,4.10
-7
s.
C. t 4.10
-8
s n 3,2.10
-7
s. D. t 2.10
-8
s n 3.10
-7
s.
14. Mt mch dao ng l tng gm cun cm thun c t cm L khng i v t in c in dung C thay
i c. iu chnh in dung ca t in n gi tr C
1
th tn s dao ng ring ca mch l f
1
. tn s
dao ng ring ca mch l 5 f
1
th phi iu chnh in dung ca t in n gi tr
A. 5C
1
. B.
5
1
C
. C. 5 C
1
. D.
5
1
C
.
15. Mt mch dao ng in t l tng ang c dao ng in t t do. Ti thi im t = 0, in tch trn mt
bn t in cc i. Sau khong thi gian ngn nht t th in tch trn bn t ny bng mt na gi tr cc i.
Chu k dao ng ring ca mch dao ng ny l
A. 4t. B. 6t. C. 3t. D. 12t.
16. Xt hai mch dao ng in t l tng. Chu k dao ng ring ca mch th nht l T
1
, ca mch th hai
l T
2
= 2T
1
. Ban u in tch trn mi bn t in c ln cc i Q
0
. Sau mi t in phng in qua
cun cm ca mch. Khi in tch trn mi bn t ca hai mch u c ln bng q (0 < q < Q
0
) th t s
ln cng dng in trong mch th nht v ln cng dng in trong mch th hai l
A. 2. B. 4. C. 0,5. D. 0,25.
17. Trong thng tin lin lc bng sng v tuyn, ngi ta s dng cch bin iu bin , tc l lm cho bin
ca sng in t cao tn (sng mang) bin thin theo thi gian vi tn s bng tn s ca dao ng m tn. Cho
tn s sng mang l 800 kHz. Khi dao ng m tn c tn s 1000 Hz thc hin mt dao ng ton phn th
dao ng cao tn thc hin c s dao ng ton phn l
A. 800. B. 1000. C. 625. D. 1600.
18. Mch chn sng ca mt my thu v tuyn in gm t in c in dung C
0
v cun cm thun c t
cm L, thu c sng in t c bc sng 20 m. thu c sng in t c bc sng 60 m, phi mc song
song vi t in C
0
ca mch dao ng mt t in c in dung
A. C = C
0
. B. C = 2C
0
. C. C = 8C
0
. D. C = 4C
0
.
19. Mch dao ng l tng gm cun cm thun c t cm L khng i v c t in c in dung C thay
i c. Khi
1
C C = th tn s dao ng ring ca mch bng 30 kHz v khi
2
C C = th tn s dao ng
ring ca mch bng 40 kHz. Nu
1 2
1 2
C C
C
C C
=
+
th tn s dao ng ring ca mch bng
A. 50 kHz. B. 24 kHz. C. 70 kHz. D. 10 kHz.
20. Mt mch dao ng l tng gm cun cm thun c t cm L v t in c in dung C ang c dao
ng in t t do. thi im t = 0, hiu in th gia hai bn t c gi tr cc i l U
0
. Pht biu no sau
y l sai?
A. Nng lng t trng cc i trong cun cm l
2
2
0
CU
.
B. Cng dng in trong mch c gi tr cc i l U
0
L
C
.
C. in p gia hai bn t bng 0 ln th nht thi im t = LC
2
t
.
D. Nng lng t trng ca mch thi im t = LC
2
t
l
4
2
0
CU
.
21. Mt mch dao ng in t LC l tng ang thc hin dao ng in t t do. in tch cc i trn mt
bn t l 2.10
-6
C, cng dng in cc i trong mch l 0,1t A. Chu k dao ng in t t do trong
mch bng
A.
6
10
.
3
s

B.
3
10
3
s

. C.
7
4.10 s

. D.
5
4.10 . s

22. Sng in t
A. l sng dc hoc sng ngang.
n tp L 12 chng trnh nng cao Bin son: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Nguyn Vn Linh, Bnh Thun Trang 9
B. l in t trng lan truyn trong khng gian.
C. c in trng v t trng ti mt im dao ng cng phng.
D. khng truyn c trong chn khng.
23. Mch dao ng l tng gm cun cm thun L v t in C ang thc hin dao ng in t t do. Gi
U
0
l in p cc i gia hai bn t; u v i l in p gia hai bn t v cng dng in trong mch ti
thi im t. H thc ng l
A.
2 2 2
0
( ) i LC U u = . B.
2 2 2
0
( )
C
i U u
L
= . C.
2 2 2
0
( ) i LC U u = . D.
2 2 2
0
( )
L
i U u
C
= .
24. Trong s khi ca mt my pht thanh dng v tuyn khng c b phn no di y?
A. Mch tch sng. B. Mch khuych i. C. Mch bin iu. D. Anten.
* p n: 1 A. 2 D. 3 D. 4 D. 5 D. 6 B. 7 D. 8 A. 9 D. 10 D. 11 C. 12 B. 13 C. 14 B. 15 B. 16 A. 17 A. 18 C.
19 A. 20 D. 21 D. 22 B. 23 B. 24 A.