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TRUNG DAI HOC CNG NGHIEP THUC PHAM TP.HCM

KHOA CNG NGHE THUC PHAM
B mn Cng ngh sau thu hoach
Bi giang thuc hnh
CNG NGHE CHE BIEN RAU QUA
(H Cao dng v Trung cp chuyn nghip)
Bin soan: B mn Cng ngh sau thu hoach
THNH PH HO CH MINH
NM 2011
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1
MUC LUC
MUC LUC ......................................................................................................... 1
MUC DCH YU CAU CUA MN HOC .......................................................... 3
PHN BO CHUONG TRNH THUC HNH .................................................... 3
DNH GI MN HOC (HOC PHAN) ............................................................. 4
THANG DIEM DNH GI BI THUC HNH ................................................ 4
Bi 1: San xut gao t thc ............................................................................... 5
1.1. Gioi thiu ................................................................................................ 5
1.2. Thit bi, dung cu, ha cht, nguyn vt liu ............................................ 5
1.3. Thuc hnh ............................................................................................... 6
1.4. Yu cu vit bo co ............................................................................... 9
1.5. Cu hoi ................................................................................................... 9
Bi 2: San xut tinh bt khoai m (sn) .......................................................... 10
2.1. Gioi thiu .............................................................................................. 10
2.2. Thit bi, dung cu, ha cht, nguyn vt liu .......................................... 10
2.3. Thuc hnh ............................................................................................. 11
2.4. Yu cu vit bo co ............................................................................. 13
2.5. Cu hoi ................................................................................................. 13
Bi 3: San xut m soi (m vt) ....................................................................... 14
3.1. Gioi thiu .............................................................................................. 14
3.2. Thit bi, dung cu, ha cht, nguyn vt liu .......................................... 14
3.3. Thuc hnh ............................................................................................. 15
3.4. Yu cu vit bo co ............................................................................. 18
3.5. Cu hoi ................................................................................................. 18
Bi 4: San xut d hp qua nuc dung ........................................................ 19
4.1. Gioi thiu .............................................................................................. 19
4.2. Thit bi, dung cu, ha cht, nguyn vt liu .......................................... 19
4.3. Thuc hnh ............................................................................................. 21
4.4. Yu cu vit bo co ............................................................................. 25
4.5. Cu hoi ................................................................................................. 25
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Bi 5: San xut dng hp nuc qua (nectar) ................................................. 26
5.1. Gioi thiu .............................................................................................. 26
5.2. Thit bi, dung cu, ha cht, nguyn vt liu .......................................... 26
5.3. Thuc hnh ............................................................................................. 28
5.4. Yu cu vit bo co ............................................................................. 31
5.5. Cu hoi ................................................................................................. 31
Bi 6: San xut rau qua mui chua ................................................................ 32
6.1. Gioi thiu .............................................................................................. 32
6.2. Thit bi, dung cu, ha cht, nguyn vt liu .......................................... 32
6.3. Thuc hnh ............................................................................................. 33
6.4. Yu cu vit bo co ............................................................................. 37
6.5. Cu hoi ................................................................................................. 38
PHU LUC: ....................................................................................................... 39
Phu luc 1: Phuong php chun d axit .............................................................. 39
TI LIEU THAM KHAO ................................................................................. 40
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3
MUC DCH, YU CAU CUA HOC PHAN
1. Muc dch:
Sau khi hoc xong hoc phn ny, sinh vin c kha nng:
- Trnh by mt s quy trnh cng ngh san xut luong thuc, rau qua v cch tin
hnh ch bin.
- C kha nng chun bi dung cu, tnh ton, du tr nguyn vt liu d ch bin san
phm luong thuc, rau qua
- Nu ln duoc mt s yu t anh huong dn cht luong san phm ch bin tu luong
thuc, rau qua.
- C kha nng san xut v kim sot cht luong mt s san phm tu luong thuc, rau
qua o quy m phng th nghim. Lm co so cho vic mo rng pham vi ch bin sau ny.
2. Yu cu:
- Du lop: 100%
- Chun bi dy du nguyn liu, dung cu, ha cht cho mi bi thuc hnh.
- Doc k phn huong dn l thuyt thuc hnh mi bi thuc hnh truoc khi ln lop.
- Vit bo co sau mi bi thuc hnh theo ni dung giang vin yu cu.
PHN B THI GIAN THUC HNH
5 tit/1 Bi Thuc hnh
Hoc phn gm 6 bi thuc hnh:
Bi 1: San xut gao trng tu thc
Bi 2: San xut m soi
Bi 3: San xut tinh bt khoai m (sn)
Bi 4: San xut d hp qua nuoc duong
Bi 5: San xut d hp nuoc qua
Bi 6: San xut rau qua mui chua
DNH GI MN HOC (HOC PHAN)
- Du lop: C mt tai phng thuc hnh 100% tng s thoi gian.
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4
- Dim dnh gi hoc phn: Dim trung bnh cng cua cc bi thuc hnh c trong hoc phn.
THANG DIEM DNH GI BI THUC HNH
YU CAU
THANG
DIEM
DNH GI CUA
GV
Chun bi 1
K nng thao tc 2
V sinh, an ton 1
Thoi gian 1
Kt qua v nhn xt 3
Vit bo co 2
TONG DIEM
10
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5
Bi 1: SAN XUT GAO TRANG T THC
1.1. Gii thiu:
Cng ngh ch bin gao l mt trong nhung cng ngh ch bin thuc phm c tu lu
doi. Cho toi nay, cng ngh vn khng c thay di nhiu v qui trnh cng ngh. Chi c su
tin b v trnh d k thut v cc my trong cng ngh trn.
Nguyn tc cua cng ngh ny l dng cc luc ma st, luc nn, luc ko . . . d bc vo tru v
loai cc lop vo cm tao gi tri cam quan cho san phm gao
1.2. Nguyn liu v dung cu, thit bi dng cho 01 t: 4 SV
1.2.1 Nguyn liu
Thc :500g
Bao b PE (200g ): 2 bao
Nhn (sinh vin tu thit k)
1.2.2 Ho chat, dung cu, thit bi:
A. . HA CHT (dng chung)
B. DUNG CU (dng chung)
STT Tn dung cu Quy cch D/v tnh S luong Ghi ch
1 Que gat ci 1
2 Cn dng h 1 kg Ci 1 Dng chung
3 Kep gp hat Ci 1
4 Khay nhua 20x30cm Ci 1
5 B sng B 1
C. THIET BI
STT Tn thit bi Quy cch D/v tnh S luong Ghi ch
1 My xay, my xt , my tch
tm, my lau bong.
B 01 Dng chung
2 Cn phn tch 4 s le Ci 01 Dng chung
3 My bao gi Ci 01 Dng chung
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1.3. Thuc hnh
1.3.1. So do qui trnh ch bin gao trng
SAN PHAM
PHOI TRON
TCH TAM
THC
CN DINH
LUONG
LM SACH
BC VO
XT TRANG
PHN CHIA
BAO GI
SAN PHAM
VO TRAU
THC ST
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7
1.3.2. Cc buoc tin hnh
1. Chon thc nguyn liu
Thc dem ch bin gao phai dat
Chiu di > 7mm
C d trng trong cao
Hat xanh non < 5%
D ran nut < 10%
2. Lm sach:
C th dng sng kt hop voi quat ht d loai cc tap cht c trong nguyn liu ban du
Yu cu : Luong tap cht < 3%
3. Bc vo tru
Dng my xay di truc cao su d thuc hin bc vo tru. Qu trnh thuc hin theo cc buoc
sau :
B1: kim tra d an ton cua my bng cch cho my chay khng tai
B2 : Nap nguyn liu vo phu nap liu v diu chinh luu luong vo cua nguyn liu cho
ph hop
B3: Diu chinh khe ho cua rulo cao su cho ph hop voi tung loai thc
B4 : Khi qu trnh bc vo kt thc th dung my lai v thuc hin v sinh thit bi
Yu cu :
Luong hat duoc bc vo >95%
Sinh vin phai tu vn hnh duoc my bc vo v dat duoc yu cu trn
Tu khc phuc duoc my khi gp su c
4. Phn loai cc cu tu
C th dng sng kt hop voi quat ht d tch tru, gao lt, thc ra khoi nhau
Yu cu :
Luong gao lt >98 %
Sinh vin phai tu vn hnh duoc my ht vo tru v dat duoc yu cu trn
Tu khc phuc duoc my khi gp su c
5. Xt trng
Dng my xt d thuc hin xt trng gao. Qu trnh thuc hin theo cc buoc sau :
B1: kim tra d an ton cua my bng cch cho my chay khng tai
B2 : Nap nguyn liu vo phu nap liu v diu chinh luu luong vo cua nguyn liu cho
ph hop
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B3: Diu chinh muc d xt trng bng cch duy tr thoi gian gao lt luu lai trong my ( 2-4
pht )
B4 : Khi qu trnh xt trng kt thc th dung my lai v thuc hin v sinh thit bi
Yu cu :
Muc d bc vo cm tuy theo yu cu cua don dt hng ( 8% )
Sinh vin phai tu vn hnh duoc my xt trng v dat duoc yu cu trn
Tu khc phuc duoc my khi gp su c
6. Tch tm
Dng trng chon hat d thuc hin qu trnh tch tm. Qu trnh thuc hin theo cc buoc sau :
B1: kim tra d an ton cua my bng cch cho my chay khng tai
B2 : Nap nguyn liu vo phu nap liu v diu chinh luu luong vo cua nguyn liu cho
ph hop
B3: Diu chinh d nghing cua vo trng cho ph hop voi tung loai tm
B4 : Khi qu trnh tch tm trit d th dung my lai v thuc hin v sinh thit bi
Yu cu :
Luong tm phai tch hon ton khoi gao nguyn
Sinh vin phai tu vn hnh duoc my tch tm v dat duoc yu cu trn
Tu khc phuc duoc my khi gp su c
7. Phi trn
Cn cu vo yu cu don dt hng d tnh luong gao nguyn v luong tm cn thit ri dua
vo thit bi dao trn
Yu cu :
Luong tm trong gao thnh phm phai dng yu cu
Tnh duoc luong tm v gao nguyn trong phi trn
8. Bao gi
Cn dng khi luong gao dua vo bao b , sau d thuc hin qu trnh ghp m
Yu cu : Mi ghp m chc, khng bi ho
Dam bao dng khi luong cua san phm
Thit k duoc nhn ghi dng theo qui dinh
1.3.3. Yu cau
Mi nhm phai ch bin duoc san phm gao:
S luong : 300g
Cht luong: gao hat di, 5% tm
San phm duoc bao gi dng qui cch
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1.4. Yu cu vit bo co
1. V so d qui trnh cng ngh (km cc thng s k thut c duoc tu thuc nghim)
2. Nu ban cht ,muc dch cng ngh cua tung cng doan
3. Phn tch cc yu t anh huong dn cht luong san phm
4. Nu san phm bi li, Phn tch duoc nguyn nhn gy li cho san phm v d ra
bin php khc phuc
1.5. Cu hoi:
1. Phn tch cc yu t anh huong dn hiu sut cua my bc vo, my xt trng
2. D thu duoc san phm gao c ti l gy nt thp th cn chon nguyn liu nhu th no?
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Bi 2: SAN XUT TINH BOT KHOAI M (SAN)
2.1. Gii thiu:
Trong thnh phn khoai m, ngoi tinh bt ra cn c cc cht ho tan v khng ho
tan khc. Do d cn tch ly tinh bt toi muc ti da bng cch ph v t bo thuc vt, giai
phng tinh bt v tch khoi cc hop cht c trong cu khoai m
Phuong php hin dai d san xut tinh bt l phuong php co hoc.
Dua trn nhung tnh cht cua tinh bt nhu: khng ho tan trong nuoc, kch thuoc hat
tinh bt nho, ti trong hat tinh bt chnh lch nhiu so voi nuoc, dng bin php nghin, ry,
rua, lng hoc ly tm d ly tinh bt
2.2. Nguyn liu v dung cu, thit bi dng cho 01 t: 4 SV
2.2.1 Nguyn liu
- Cu m tuoi :02kg
- Bao b PE (200g ): 2 bao
- Nhn (sinh vin tu thit k)
2.2.2 Ho chat, dung cu, thit bi:
A. HA CHT (dng chung)
B. DUNG CU (dng chung)
STT Tn dung cu Quy cch D/v tnh S luong Ghi ch
1 Dao, thot, r nhua B 1
2 Cn dng h 1 kg Ci 1 Dng chung
3 B ry dk 500m, 300 m, 125 m B 1
4 Khay nhua 20x30cm Ci 1
5 Bn mi Ci 1
6 Khc xa k 0-32 hoc Hydrometer
0-30
Ci 1
7 Ti vai loc 30x40cm Ci 1
8 Thau nhua 5 lt Ci 1
C. THIET BI
STT Tn thit bi Quy cch D/v tnh S luong Ghi ch
1 My xay Ci 02 Dng chung
2 My sy tc 1500W Ci 01
3 My bao gi Ci 01 Dng chung
4 Tu sy Ci 01 Dng chung
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2.3. Thuc hnh
2.3.1. So do qui trnh ch bin tinh bot sn
SAN PHAM
LOC
CU M TUOI
(SAN)
CN DINH
LUONG
LM SACH
BC VO
TCH DICH
BO
MI NHUYN
TINH CHE SA
TINH BOT
SAN PHAM
VO
TCH B
RY
SAY
(100
O
C, 2h)
RUA TINH BOT
DNG BAO
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2.3.2. Cc buoc tin hnh
Xu l cu m
Cu m tuoi duoc rua sach bng nuoc, dng dao bc vo m.
Thit cu m duoc ngm trong nuoc khoang 10, sau d vot ln dem mi cu m d thu duoc thit
cu m.
Nu thit cu m chua duoc min, ta cho vo my xay d tip tuc lm thit cu m duoc nghin
nho
Yu cu:
Cc lop vo t bo bi x rch hon ton
Sinh vin phai xc dinh duoc % cua tap cht, vo, thit sn
Tch dich bo:
Luong dich bo chim khoang 0,1 0,3%. Trong thnh phn dich bo chua hop cht
polyphenol v h enzym polyphenoloxydase, cn loai bo thnh phn ny .
Do d vic tch dich bo cng nhanh cng tt, thuong dng mng lng hoc my ly tm d
tch dich bo
D tch trit d dich bo phai ly tm t nht hai ln, sau mi ln ly tm dich bt duoc pha
long toi nng d 27
o
Bx ri dua qua ry d tch b min . Sua tinh bt lot qua ry duoc dua
sang my tip tuc ly tm
Yu cu:
Nng d dich sua tinh bt dat 27
o
Bx
Sinh vin phai do duoc nng d dich sua tinh bt
Tch b: c hai giai doan: tch b th v tch b min
Thuong dng my ry chai d tch b th, sua bt th sau khi nghin dua qua ry d tch
tinh bt tu do. Phn khng lot ry gm xo, cc manh vun v hat tinh bt cn chua tch ra ht
dua qua ry chai. Phn lot qua hai ry ny dem ly tm, lng d tch dich bo
D tch b min dng h thng ry c s hiu mt ry lon dn : 38, 52, 55
Yu cu :
Nng d sua tinh bt ra khoi ry dat 3
o
Bx
Sinh vin phai do duoc nng d dich sua tinh bt
Sinh vin chon dng h thng ry trong qu trnh tch b
Tch tinh bt:
C th dng b lng, mng lng hoc ly tm d thu duoc tinh bt
Yu cu:
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D m tinh bt ra khoi my ly tm dat 38 40%
Sinh vin kim tra duoc d m cua tinh bt
Sy tinh bt: Tinh bt duoc dua vo thit bi sy o nhit d 100
o
c, trong thoi gian 2 gio
Yu cu:
D m tinh bt dat < 13%
Sinh vin kim tra duoc d m cua tinh bt
Bao gi
Cn dng khi luong tinh bt dua vo bao b , sau d thuc hin qu trnh ghp m
Yu cu: Mi ghp m chc, khng bi ho
Dam bao dng khi luong cua san phm
Nhn ghi dng theo qui dinh
2.3.3. Yu cau
Mi nhm phai ch bin duoc 200g san phm tinh bt khoai m voi chi tiu cht luong
Trang thi : Bt min, mu trng sng
Vi khng c vi chua, vi dng
Mi: dc trung cho tinh bt khoai m, khng c mi la
D min > 95%
D m : < 13%
San phm duoc bao gi dng qui cch
2.4. Yu cu vit bo co
1. V so d qui trnh cng ngh ( km cc thng s k thut c duoc tu thuc nghim)
2. Nu ban cht, muc dch cng ngh cua tung cng doan
3. Phn tch cc yu t anh huong dn cht luong san phm
4. Nu san phm bi li, Phn tch duoc nguyn nhn gy li cho san phm v d ra
bin php khc phuc
2.5. Cu hoi:
1. Tnh hiu sut thu hi tinh bt
2. Phn tch cc yu t anh huong dn hiu sut thu hi tinh bt
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Bi 3 : SAN XUT M SOI (M VAT)
3.1. Gii thiu:
M soi l mt trong nhung san phm truyn thng. Ngy nay n duoc su dung ph
bin trong cuc sng cua chng ta.
M soi c th duoc ch bin theo qui m cng nghip hoc theo qui m gia dnh nhung
chu yu dua trn nguyn tc nhu sau:
Tao diu kin cho cc thnh phn cua bt m ht nuoc v truong no
Dng luc co hoc d chuyn khi bt thnh nhung l mong
Dng luc co hoc d ct l bt thnh nhung soi m
Dng nhit thay di tnh cht co l cua soi m
3.2. Nguyn liu v dung cu, thit bi dng cho 01 t: 4 SV
2.2.1 Nguyn liu
Bt m :0,3kg, bt nng : 45g
Duong : 20g
Mui : 20g
Bt trung : 30g
Ngh tuoi : 100g hoc mu tartrazine: 10g
Du thuc vt : 20ml, Bao b PE (200g)
2.2.2 Ho chat, dung cu, thit bi:
A. HA CHT (dng chung)
B. DUNG CU (dng chung)
STT Tn dung cu Quy cch D/v tnh S luong Ghi ch
1 Ci, chy, dao, r B 1
2 Cn dng h 1 kg Ci 1 Dng chung
3 Ry dk 125 m B 1
4 Khay nhua 20x30cm Ci 1
5 Cc 100ml Ci 1
6 Pipet nhua 5ml Ci 1
7 Bp ga Ci 1
8 Ni inox 5 lt Ci 1
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C. THIET BI
STT Tn thit bi Quy cch D/v tnh S luong Ghi ch
1 My bao gi Ci 01 Dng chung
2 Tu sy Ci 01 Dng chung
3 My cn, ct m Ci 03 Dng chung
3.3. Thuc hnh
3.3.1. So do qui trnh ch bin
Bt m (85%)
Bt nng (15%)
Dinh luong
Trn kh
Trn uot
Cn th
Cn tinh
Hp thi ngui
(100
o
c, 3 pht)
Bao gi
Ct soi
Sy
(100
o
c, 2 gio)
Thi ngui
SAN PHAM
Nuoc
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3.3.2. Cc buoc tin hnh
1. Chun bi nguyn liu:
Auc trn bt:
Nuoc : 1000ml
Duong : 40g
Mui : 40g
Bt trung : 80g
Bt mu : 0,032g
Cc thnh phn trn duoc ha tan bng nuoc nng (40
o
C) trong thng chua nuoc trn bt
.
Yu cu cua nuoc trn bt:
+ Ha cht phai duoc cn dy du theo dng ti l d dinh
+ Dung dich phai dng nht, khng vn cuc, khng tao mng, ko vng.
Chun bi bt:
- Nguyn liu chnh d san xut m soi l bt m, ngoi ra cn phi trn thm tinh bt d
giam gi thnh san phm v tng d dai cho soi m.
- Yu cu:
Sinh vin cn dng luong bt theo qui dinh
Sinh vin chon loai bt theo dng yu cu
2. Trn bt:
- Qu trnh nho, trn bt duoc chia thnh hai giai doan:
+ Nho kh: rai du mt luot bt m, mt luot bt nng theo sut chiu di truc
nho, cho my trn kh trong vng 3 5 pht nhm dam bao d dng du cua khi bt.
+ Nho uot: sau khi trn bt kh du, cho nuoc trn bt vo tu tu, theo doc chiu
di truc nho. Tip tuc bt my hoat dng, tin hnh nho tip trong 15 20 pht.
- Yu cu:
Sinh vin vn hnh duoc thit bi trn bt
Sinh vin xc dinh dng luong nuoc v thoi gian trn bt
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3. Qu trnh cn - Ct
Qu trnh cn duoc chia lm 2 giai doan:
- Cn th: bt nho tu thng phn phi duoc dua xung hai cp truc th c duong knh
= 300mm. Vn tc truc cn th nho, tao luc nn lon p bt thnh tm dua sang cn tinh. D
dy cua l bt 3mm.
- Cn tinh:
Tm bt ra khoi hai cp truc cn th duoc chp lai ri dua sang h thng cn tinh c 5 cp
truc, vn tc chuyn dng giua cc l nhanh dn qua cc truc v khoang cch giua hai truc
cua cc cp truc cng nho dn, khi dy l bt qua l bt s duoc dn mong dn.
- Yu cu:
Sinh vin kim tra duoc tnh cht co l cua l bt
Sinh vin xc dinh dng chiu dy ca l bt theo yu cu
4. Hp thi ngui:
Vt m duoc dua vo hp: nhit d 100
o
c, thoi gian: 5pht. Sau d duoc lm ngui bng
quat
- Yu cu:
Sinh vin kim tra duoc nhit d cua hoi hp
Sinh vin xc dinh dng thoi gian hp
5. Sy m:
Cc soi (vt) m duoc dua vo tu sy d thuc hin qu trnh sy m theo ch d :90 100
o
C trong thoi gian 120 pht
Ch : nhit d trong tu sy phai dat 100
o
c truoc khi dua m vo sy
Yu cu:
Soi m dat d m theo qui dinh
Soi m c mu sc vng du, khng chy kht
Sinh vin kim sot duoc nhit d v thoi gian sy
6. Bao gi
Cn dng khi luong m dua vo bao b, sau d thuc hin qu trnh ghp m
Yu cu: Mi ghp m chc, khng bi ho
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Dam bao dng khi luong cua san phm
Nhn ghi dng theo qui dinh
3.3.3. Yu cau
Mi nhm phai ch bin duoc 200g san phm m vt voi chi tiu cht luong :
Trang thi: vt m trn du, khng bi v
Soi m vng, bng khng chp vo nhau
Mi, vi dc trung cho san phm
D m: < 13%
San phm duoc bao gi bng cc bao b PE theo dng yu cu
3.4. Yu cu vit bo co
- V so d qui trnh cng ngh ( km cc thng s k thut c duoc tu thuc nghim)
- Nu ban cht, muc dch cng ngh cua tung cng doan
- Phn tch cc yu t anh huong dn cht luong san phm
- Nu san phm bi li, phn tch duoc nguyn nhn gy li cho san phm v d ra bin php
khc phuc.
3.5. Cu hoi:
1. Phn tch cc yu t anh huong dn cht luong m soi
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Bi 4: SAN XUT DO HOP QUA NUC DUNG
( DUA, VAI HOAC CHM CHM)
4.1. Gii thiu
D hp qua nuoc duong duoc ch bin
tu qua ngm trong nuoc duong dng hp nhu:
vai nuoc duong dng hp, nhn nuoc duong
dng hp, chm chm nuoc duong dng hp,
dua nuoc duong dng hp
D hp qua nuoc duong c tnh cht gn
ging voi nguyn liu qua nn rt duoc ua
chung. Cc dang d hp qua khc nhu d hp
nuoc qua duoc ch bin bng cch p hay
khuch tn ly dich bo nhu nuoc dua, hoc ch
ly thit qua nhu nuoc chui, nuoc du du, nuoc
mang cu... Dang mut qua duoc ch bin tu
qua c dc voi hm luong cht kh cao 65 - 70%, gm cc dang nhu mut dng hay nuoc qua
dng, mut nhuyn, mut ming dng, mut rim, mut kh. Ngoi ra cn c d hp qua ln men,
xa lt qua...
4.2. Thit bi, dung cu, ha cht, nguyn vt liu
4.2.1 Nguyn liu: (1 nhm 3 - 4 sinh vin)
- Dua Queen hoc cayenne: 5 qua (tuong duong voi 3 -
4 kg dua qua)
- Duong knh trng: 1 kg
- Lo thuy tinh 500g: 6 b
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4.2.2 Ho chat, dung cu, thit bi:
A. HO CHT/ 1 t 3 - 4 sinh vin
ST
T
Tn ho cht Quy cch Don vi S luong Ghi ch
1 Axit citric Rn g 10
2 Phenolphtalein 1% Long ml 1
3
NaOH 0.1N
Long ml 20
B. DUNG CU/ 1 t 3 - 4 sinh vin
ST
T
Tn dung cu Quy cch Don vi S luong Ghi ch
1 Thau nhua Loai lon Ci 2
2 R nhua Loai lon Ci 2
3 Ni inox Loai lon Ci 1
4 Bp gas Ci 1
5 Mung lon Ci 1
6 Ry loc Ci 1
7 Chn nhua Ci 2
8 Ong dong nhua Ci 1
9 Dao thi lan Loai lon Ci 1
10 Dao thi lan Loai nho Ci 1
11 Dao dt li Ci 1
12 Dao chm mt dua Ci 1
13 Mung c ph Ci 1
14 Dua tre Di 1
15 Cc nhua 500 ml Ci 2
16 Bercher (cc thuy tinh) 50ml Ci 1
17 Pipet 5ml Ci 1
18
Cn dng h 1Kg 1-2 Kg Ci 2
Dng cho 1 nhm
lon
19 Nhit k 100
0
C Ci 1
C. THIET BI/ nhm
ST
T
Tn thit bi Quy cch Don vi S luong Ghi ch
1 Cn phn tch 2 s le Ci 1
2 Chit quang k 0 30
0
Bx Ci 2
3 My do PH (PH k) B (ci) 2
4 Ni thanh trng Ci 1
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4.3. Thuc hnh
4.3.1. So do qui trnh cng ngh
Nguyn liu
Dinh hnh
Bi kh, ghp
np
San phm
Xu l
Rua
Chn (nu c)
Xp hp
Rt dung dich
Bao n
Chun bi dung dich
Thanh trng
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4.3.2. Cc buoc tin hnh
Buc 1: Xu l nguyn liu:
- Tin hnh lua chon v phn loai theo chi tiu v d chn, khi luong v muc d dp
nt su thi, thuc hin bng cam quan. Loai bo nhung qua su thi, khng dat tiu chun v
khi luong v cht luong.
Dua nguyn liu dat tiu chun l dua c: Hm luong cht kh: min 9%
Hm luong axit : min 0.3%
Sau khi lua chon nhung qua dua dat tiu chun tin hnh be hoa v cung qua.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot:
+ Xc dinh hm luong cht kh. Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng my chit quang k.
+ Hm luong axit cua nguyn liu. Xc dinh bng phuong php chun d axit (phu luc 2)
- Ngm rua dua: Qua dua sau khi be hoa v cung duoc ngm trong nuoc sach tu 7
10 pht v rua sach trong b nuoc lun luu. Dua sau khi rua sach duoc vot ra d ro nuoc.
- Ct hai du, got vo, dt li, sua mt:
Qua dua duoc ct hai du voi chiu dy lt ct l 10 -15mm (phn pha hoa dua
thuong ct dy hon)
Vo v li dua duoc loai ra bng dao hnh tru. Dao got vo c duong knh 60-80mm,
sau d dt li 18 22mm. Sau khi dt li, got vo, dua bn thnh phm duoc rua lai bng
nuoc sach. Nu nguyn liu su dung l ging dua qua nho th cn phai tin hnh sua mt
nhm loai bo nhung phn khng n duoc.
O phng th nghim, nu thuc hin thu cng th ct hai du, got vo, sua mt, ct
khoanh dua sau d moi dt li dua.
Yu cu got sach vo, gn xanh, khng got qu su vo thit qua, khi sua mt cn lm
sach cc chn mt dua den, khng duoc lm dp nt thit qua, khng duoc st li.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot:
Vo, li, mt dua cn st. Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng cam quan.
Buc 2: Dinh hnh:
Tuy theo cch dinh hnh, theo hnh dng cua ming dua m ta chia san phm dua ra
lm nhiu loai khc nhau nhu: dua khoanh, dua re quat, dua ming 1/4, dua qun co, dua
ming nho
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- Khoanh dua duoc ct voi chiu dy tu 10-12mm. D dy cua cc khoanh v kch
thuoc khoanh phai dng du.
- Dua re quat duoc ct tu cc khoanh trn thnh cc ming re quat c cung tu 2 4cm
- Dua 1/4 khoanh: Ct du khoanh dua trn thnh khoanh.
- Dua qun co ct khi lp phuong mi canh 1 - 2cm.
- Dua ming vun: duoc tn dung tu cc ming dua bi loai khi ct khoanh, re quat, dua
ming 1/4cc hnh dang kch thuoc khng dng du nhau.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot:
+ Kch thuoc khoanh dua, kch thuoc ming dua. D dng du cua bn thnh phm
dua. Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng cam quan, thuoc do.
+ Ty l dua ming vun (%). Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng cn.
Buc 3: Rua bn thnh phm:
Cho cc khoanh, ming dua vo cc r voi luong = 1/3 th tch r v duoc rua lun
luu trong cc chu nuoc sach, sau d dem d ro nuoc.
Buc 4: Chn dua (nu cn):
Luong nuoc chn ti thiu cn dng l khoang 120-150% so voi khi luong dua.
Nhit d nuoc chn dua dat 85 90
o
C, thoi gian chn 1 2 pht tuy thuc vo d chn cua dua,
(nu dua qu chn c th khng chn). Dua sau khi chn xong duoc vot ra, lm ngui ngay v
nhanh chng xp lo/hp.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot:
+ Nhit d chn. Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng nhit k.
+ Thoi gian chn. Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng dng h.
Buc 5: Vo hp, lo v rt dich:
* Chun bi bao b v xp da vo lo
Chun bi lo thuy tinh hoc bao b kim loai: Bao b duoc chun bi, rua sach khu trng,
trng nuoc si v p nguoc cho ro nuoc truoc khi xp dua vo. Np duoc rua sach v ngm
trong nuoc nng (nhit d 60 - 75
0
C) sau khi lo hoc bao b d ro nuoc lt nguoc ln. Tin
hnh xp bn thnh phm dua vo bao b. Xp cch ming lo/hp 10 - 15mm. Khi luong
ci chim t nht l 50% so voi khi luong tinh.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot:
+ D sach cua bao b. Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng cam quan.
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+ Khi luong bn thnh phm dua cho vo hp hoc lo: Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot
bng cn.
* Chun bi dung dich v rt dung dich
- Chun bi dung dich:
+ Dung dich xi r cn duoc chun bi d rt vo lo/hp nhu sau: Bao gm duong v
axit citric sao cho thnh phm c: Hm luong cht kh: 16-18
0
Brix v axit citric: 0,2% -
0,5%.
+ Cho luong duong cn thit ha tan vo nuoc, loc k d loai bo tap cht, dun si 5
pht sau d cho axit citric vo (d tng thm huong vi san phm c th b sung 15 -20%
nuoc dua vo dung dich xi r thay cho axit citric), sau d ha tan ri rt vo lo/hp.
- Rt dung dich: lo, hp d duoc xp du s luong khoanh hoc ming dua v dng
khi luong. Ta tin hnh rt dung dich ngay.
Nhit d dung dich khi rt phai dam bao dat trn 80
0
C v dung dich khng rt dy
lo/hp m rt cch ming 5 7 mm.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot:
+ Hm luong cht kh cua bn thnh phm, hm luong cht kh cua dung dich rt.
Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng my chit quang k.
+ Hm luong axit cua bn thnh phm dua, hm luong axit cua dung dich rt. Chi
tiu ny duoc kim sot bng chun d axit (phu luc 2).
+ Nhit d dung dich rt. Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng nhit k.
Buc 6: Bi kh, ghp np:
Sau khi rt dung dich xong ta dem bi kh, ghp np ngay (vic bi kh thu cng duoc
kt hop voi rt dung dich nng).
Buc 7: Thanh trng:
Di voi san phm dua dng trong lo thuy tinh dung tch 500ml c ch d thanh trng
nhu sau:
15 20 30
90
0
C
Cn ch l di voi lo thuy tinh cn duoc nng nhit v ha nhit tu tu.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot:
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+ Nhit d thanh trng. Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng nhit k hoc ci dt
nhit d thanh trng trn thit bi thanh trng.
+ Thoi gian thanh trng. Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng dng h hoc ci dt
thoi gian thanh trng trn thit bi thanh trng.
Buc 8: Bao n:
Thoi gian bao n 15 ngy. Sau thoi gian bao n loai bo nhung san phm bi hu hong.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot: Cc san phm bi hu hong sau giai doan bao n, % san phm
bi hu hong.
Buc 9: Hon thin san phm
Sau thoi gian bao n dem san phm dn nhn. Nhn do sinh vin tu thit k theo dng quy
dinh.
1.3.3. Yu cau san pham
- Cam quan: San phm c mu vng tuoi cua dua chn. Cc khoanh dua, ming dua
trong cng mt lo/hp dng du v kch thuoc, mu sc, dung dich nuoc duong trong, c
nh vng, khng bi duc, khng ln tap cht.
- V khi luong san phm: Du khi luong tinh cua lo (500g), khi luong ci chim
50% so voi khi luong tinh.
- V cht luong: Dam bao hm luong cht kh cua thnh phm yu cu l 16 -18%,
axit 0.2 0.5%.
4.4. Yu cu vit bo co
- Trnh by qui trnh ch bin san phm dua dng hp. Nu ln duoc nhung yu t co
ban anh huong dn cht luong san phm dua dng hp.
- Xc dinh hao hut khi luong nguyn liu dua qua tung cng doan (tu nguyn liu
ban du, cng doan xu l, dinh hnh, chn, thanh trng).
- Tnh dinh muc su dung nguyn liu cho 100 don vi san phm.
- Kim tra cht luong san phm v nu ln nhung kt lun v d nghi.
4.5. Cu hoi
1. Hy nu mt s yu t co ban anh huong dn cht luong san phm dua dng hp?
2. Tai sao di voi lo thuy tinh khi thanh trng cn phai nng nhit v ha nhit tu tu?
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Bi 5: SAN XUT DO HOP NUC QUA
(NUC XOI NECTAR)
5.1. Gii thiu
Nectar qua l san phm c chua hoc khng chua thit qua, khng ln men hoc c th
ln men, d tiu dng truc tip, thu duoc bng cch trn ln nuoc qua hoc ton b phn qua
n duoc, duoc nghin hoc ch tu qua tuoi c dc hoc khng c dc, voi nuoc v duong
hoc mt ong. Trong truong hop qua c hm luong duong cao, c th khng cn thm
duong.
Cht luong nguyn liu d san xut nuoc qua l yu t du tin quyt dinh cht luong
san phm. Trong cng mt loai qua, cc ging khc nhau s cho cht luong khc nhau. Mt
trong nhung san phm nectar ph bin v duoc nguoi tiu dung ua thch hin nay l nectar
xoi.
Nuoc xoi nectar tt nht duoc ch bin tu ging xoi ct, d tao cho nuoc qua c
huong vi, mu sc tu nhin, dc trung nht cho loai qua. Nhung d nng cao hiu qua kinh t
c th phi trn cc ging, cc d chn khc nhau theo ty l nht dinh.
5.2. Thit bi, dung cu, ha cht, nguyn vt liu
5.2.1 Nguyn liu: (1 nhm tu 3 - 4 sinh vin)
- Xoi ct loai 1 dat d chn theo yu cu ch bin l chn vng ton qua.
- Khi luong dng d thuc hnh: 4 6 qua (tuong duong voi 1.5 2 kg xoi)
- Duong knh trng: 1kg.
- Chai thuy tinh 240ml: 10 b
5.2.2. Ho chat, dung cu, thit bi:
A. HO CHT/ 1 t 3- 4 sinh vin
ST
T
Tn ho cht Quy cch Don vi S luong Ghi ch
1
Axit citric
Rn g 5
2
Vitamin C
Rn g 10
3
Phenolphtalein
Long ml 1
4
NaOH 0.1N
Long ml 20
B. DUNG CU/ 1 t 3 - 4 sinh vin
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ST
T
Tn dung cu Quy cch Don vi S luong Ghi ch
1 Thau nhua Loai lon Ci 2
2 R nhua Loai lon Ci 2
3 Ni inox Loai lon Ci 1
4 Bp gas Ci 1
5 Mung lon Ci 1
6 Ry loc Ci 1
7 Chn nhua Ci 1
8 Ong dong nhua Ci 1
9 Dao thi lan Loai lon Ci 1
10 Dao thi lan Loai nho Ci 1
11 R ch Ci 1
12 Mung c ph Ci 1
13
Cn dng h 1Kg 1-2 Kg Ci 2
Dng cho 1 nhm
lon
14 Dua tre Di 1
15 Cc nhua 500 ml Ci 2
16 Nhit k 100
0
C Ci 1
17 Bercher (cc thuy tinh) 50ml Ci 1
18 Pipet 5ml Ci 1
C. THIET BI/ nhm
ST
T
Tn thit bi Quy cch Don vi S luong Ghi ch
1 Cn phn tch 2 s le Ci 1
2 Chit quang k 0 30
0
Bx Ci 1
3 Chit quang k 30 60
0
Bx Ci 1
3 My dng ho Ci 1
4 My do PH (PH k) B (ci) 1
5 My xay sinh t B 2
6 Ni thanh trng Ci 1
7 My dng np chai Ci 2
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5.3. Thuc hnh
5.3.1. So do qui trnh cng ngh
Nguyn liu
Chn, bc vo
Phi ch v
dng ho
Rt dung dich
Bi kh, ghp
np
San phm
Thanh trng
Phn loai, rua
Xay, ch
Gia nhit
Bao n
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5.3.2. Cc buoc tin hnh
Buc1: Lua chon, phn loai, rua:
- Nguyn liu phai duoc lua chon, phn loai theo mt s chi tiu cht luong nhu: d
chn, muc d nguyn ven.
- Chon theo d chn: d chn k thut m nguyn liu cn dat dn giai doan chn
hon ton.
- Chon theo muc d nguyn ven: truoc khi ch bin phai loai bo nhung qua d thi
rua ton phn, nhung qua chi hu hong tung phn th c th ct bo phn hong, d lai phn vn
cn gi tri su dung.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot: Nhung qua khng dat tiu chun. (% s luong nguyn liu khng
dat tiu chun). Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng cam quan.
- Rua: Rua bng nuoc sach.
Buc 2: Chn, bc vo, bo hat:
Chn bng nuoc nng. Ty theo d chn m c ch d chn khc nhau. Voi qua d
chn hon ton chn o 90
0
C trong thoi gian 2 pht, ty l (theo khi luong) nuoc chn so voi
nguyn liu l tu 1,5 2 : 1.
Truoc khi tin hnh nghin, x, p cn phai loai bo vo, bo hat.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot:
+ Nhit d chn. Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng nhit k.
+ Thoi gian chn. Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng dng h.
Buc 3: Ch:
Ch duoc tin hnh bng phuong php thu cng trn cc r ch v mung ch.
D han ch san phm bi xy ha bin mu c th su dung cc cht chng xy ha nhu
vitamin C voi ty l 0,1% so voi khi luong thit qua.
Buc 4: Phi ch v dng ho:
Voi nuoc xoi dc thuong phi ch thm duong v axit citric d san phm pure cui
cng c hm luong cht kh l 40 - 50
0
Brix v acid l 0.3- 0,5%.
Ty l phi trn pure qua v dich xir d san phm c hm luong cht kh l 18 -
20%, d axit l 0.2 -0.4%
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Sau khi phi ch xong ta dem dng ho.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot:
+ Hm luong cht kh cua nuoc xoi dc, hm luong kh cua nectar xoi. Chi tiu
ny duoc kim sot bng my chit quang k.
+ Hm luong axit cua nectar xoi. Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng chun d axit
(phu luc 2).
Buc 5: Gia nhit:
Nhit d rt hp thuong khng duoi 80
0
C nn phai nng nhit d truoc khi vo hp
ln trn 90
0
C. Thoi gian nng nhit cng nhanh cng tt.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot:
+ Nhit d giai doan gia nhit. Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng nhit k.
Buc 6: Rt hp/lo, ghp np:
Nuoc qua duoc rt vo cc hp/lo d duoc lm sach, d ro v rt nng ngay d trnh
nhim bn.
Luong nuoc qua phai duoc rt cch ming chai, lo/hp tu 15 20mm.
Buc 7: Bi kh, ghp np:
Sau khi rt dung dich xong ta dem bi kh, ghp np ngay (vic bi kh thu cng duoc
kt hop voi rt dung dich nng).
Buc 8: Thanh trng
Di voi san phm xoi nectar chai dung tch 240ml c ch d thanh trng nhu sau:
15

16

20

90
0
C
Cn ch l di voi chai thuy tinh cn duoc nng nhit v ha nhit tu tu.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot:
+ Nhit d thanh trng. Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng nhit k hoc ci dt
nhit d thanh trng trn thit bi thanh trng.
+ Thoi gian thanh trng. Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng dng h hoc ci dt
thoi gian thanh trng trn thit bi thanh trng.
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Buc 9: Bao n:
Thoi gian bao n 15 ngy. Sau thoi gian bao n loai bo nhung san phm bi hu hong.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot: Cc san phm bi hu hong sau giai doan bao n, % san phm
bi hu hong.
Buc 10: Hon thin san phm:
Sau thoi gian bao n dem san phm dn nhn. Nhn do sinh vin tu thit k theo dng quy
dinh.
2.3.3 Yu cau san pham nuoc xoi nectar
- Cam quan: nuoc xoi c d dc vua phai, mu sc vng tuoi, mi thom dc trung
cua xoi tuoi, c vi ngot, chua hi ho.
- V khi luong san phm : Du khi luong tinh 240g.
- V cht luong: Dam bao hm luong cht kh cua thnh phm l 18-20%, axit 0.2-
0.4%.
- San phm khng bi hu hong, khng c mi vi la.
5.4. Yu cu vit bo co
- Trnh by qui trnh san xut nectar xoi. Nu ln duoc nhung yu t co ban anh
huong dn cht luong san phm nectar xoi.
- Tnh dinh muc su dung nguyn liu cho 100 don vi san phm.
- Kim tra cht luong san phm v nu ln nhung kt lun v d nghi.
5.5. Cu hoi
1. Hy nu mt s yu t co ban anh huong dn cht luong san phm nectar xoi?
2. Di voi san phm nectar xoi tai sao chng ta phai c cng doan dng ho?
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BI 6: SAN XUT RAU QUA MUI CHUA
(DUA CAI MUI CHUA, KIM CHI )
6.1. Gii thiu
Rau qua mui chua l phuong php bao quan
truyn thng c tu lu doi. L san phm ch bin tu
rau, qua bng cch ln men lactic cua duong c trong
nguyn liu. Axit lactic tao thnh lm cho san phm c
huong vi dc trung v c tnh cht st trng, uc ch
khng cho nhiu loai vi sinh vt hoat dng v giu cho
san phm khoi hu hong.
Nguoi ta mui rau qua bng mui n.
Hin nay trn thi truong c rt nhiu san phm
rau qua mui chua: dua cai mui chua, kim chi, c
pho mui chua, dua chut mui chua
6.2. Thit bi, dung cu, ha cht, nguyn vt liu
6.2.1. Nguyn liu (1 nhm 3-4 sinh vin)
6.2.1.1. Dua cai muoi chua
- Cai be : 2kg
- Hnh tm : 100g
- Duong knh trng : 100g
- Mui : 100g
6.2.1.2. Kim chi
- Cai thao : 2kg - t bt : 10g
- C rt : 200g - Gung : 40g
- Hnh l : 50g - Toi : 20g
- t tuoi tri lon : 20g - Duong knh trng : 100g
- t tuoi tri nho : 20g - Mui : 100g
- Bt ngot : 20g
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6.2.2. Ho chat, dung cu, thit bi:
A. HO CHT/ 1 t 3 4 sinh vin
ST
T
Tn ho cht Quy cch Don vi S luong Ghi ch
B. DUNG CU/ 1 t 3 4 sinh vin
ST
T
Tn dung cu Quy cch Don vi S luong Ghi ch
1 Thau nhua Loai lon Ci 2
2 R nhua Loai lon Ci 1
3 R nhua Loai nho Ci 1
4 Dao thi lan Loai lon Ci 2
5 Mung lon Ci 1
6 Ong dong 1 lt Ci 1
7
Cn dng h 1Kg 1- 2 Kg Ci 2
Dng cho 1 nhm
C. THIET BI/ nhm
ST
T
Tn thit bi Quy cch Don vi S luong Ghi ch
1 Cn phn tch 2 s le Ci 1
6.3. Thuc hnh
6.3.1. So do qui trnh cng ngh
6.3.1.1. Qui trnh san xuat dua cai muoi chua
Xu l
Dinh hnh
Xp keo/lo
San phm
Ln men
Chun bi dung
dich
Nguyn liu
Rt dung dich
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6.3.1.2. Qui trnh san xuat kim chi (kimchee)
6.3.2 Cc buoc tin hnh
6.3.2.1. San xuat dua cai muoi chua
Buc 1: Xu l nguyn liu
- Nguyn liu phai duoc lua chon, phn loai theo mt s chi tiu cht luong nhu: cu
trc, muc d nguyn ven.
- Chon theo muc d nguyn ven: truoc khi ch bin phai loai bo nhung l qu gi
hoc bi su, bnh. Ct bo nhung l vng a, su bnh, khuyt tt truoc khi tin hnh mui.
- Cai tuoi duoc phoi nng hoc luu tru vi ngy d hoi ho, khi ct nho d gy nt.
- Sau khi loai cc phn hu hong, khng dat yu cu, cai s duoc rua sach d loai bo
cc tap cht.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot: Nguyn liu khng dat tiu chun. (% s luong nguyn liu khng
dat tiu chun). Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng cam quan.
Buc 2: Dinh hnh
Nguyn liu
Xu l
Phi trn
Ln men
San phm
Xp keo/lo
Dinh hnh
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- Tuy theo hnh dng cua san phm m ta ct cai thnh nhung kch thuoc khc nhau. C th
ct l cai thnh nhung khc c chiu di 4 6 cm.
Buc 3: Xp keo/ lo
O phng th nghim chng ta c th su dung keo thuy tinh, hu nhua. Bao b duoc
chun bi, rua sach khu trng, trng nuoc si v p nguoc cho ro nuoc truoc khi xp cai
vo.
Nguyn liu sau khi d dinh hnh duoc xp vo bao b. San du, nn cht.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot:
D sach cua bao b. Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng cam quan.
Buc 4: Rt dung dich:
Thnh phn v ty l cc cht trong dung dich nuoc mui duoc pha nhu sau:
Duong 2%, mui 2% (tnh theo khi luong dung dich).
* Cch pha: Duong, mui ho tan vo nuoc, sau d loc k, dun si 5 pht.
Nhit d dich rt phai dam bao > 80
0
C, luong dich rt vo hp ngp cai v cch
ming hu 5 7mm.
Nhit d dich rt. Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng nhit k.
Buc 5: Ln men:
Ln men o diu kin nhit d mi truong. Tuy theo nhit d mi truong m thoi gian
ln men dua cai tu 48 72 gio
* Chi tiu cn kim sot: Xc dinh thoi gian ln men.
Buc 6: Hon thin san phm:
Sau thoi gian ln men dem san phm dn nhn. Nhn do sinh vin tu thit k theo
dng quy dinh.
6.3.2.2. San xuat kim chi
Buc 1: Xu l nguyn liu
- Nguyn liu phai duoc lua chon, phn loai theo mt s chi tiu cht luong nhu: cu
trc, muc d nguyn ven.
- Chon theo muc d nguyn ven: truoc khi ch bin phai loai bo nhung l qu gi,
vng a hoc bi su bnh, khuyt tt truoc khi tin hnh mui.
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- Tt ca cc nguyn liu phai duoc lm ho bng cch phoi nng hoc luu tru vi
ngy.
- Sau khi loai cc phn hu hong, khng dat yu cu, nguyn liu s duoc rua sach d
loai bo cc tap cht.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot: Nhung l khng dat tiu chun. (% s luong nguyn liu khng dat
tiu chun). Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng cam quan.
Buc 2: Dinh hnh
- Tuy theo hnh dng cua san phm m ta ct cai thao thnh nhung kch thuoc khc nhau. C
th ct l cai thao thnh nhung khc c chiu di 6 10 cm. Cung c th d nguyn l.
- D tng cht luong san phm, ta b sung thm mt vi nguyn liu phu:
+ C rt ct lt hoc tia hoa.
+ t tri nho bm nhuyn.
+ t tri lon thi soi.
+ t bt kh.
+ Toi ct lt.
+ Gung ct soi.
+ Hnh l ct khc bng chiu di cai thao.
Buc 3: Phi trn:
Sau khi nguyn liu d dinh hnh xong ta dem phi trn voi nguyn liu theo ty l sau:
+ Cai thao d dinh hnh : 87.5%
+ C rt ct lt hoc tia hoa : 5%
+ t tri nho bm nhuyn : 1%
+ t tri lon thi soi : 1%
+ t tri lon thi soi : 0.5%
+ Toi ct lt: : 2%
+ Gung ct soi. : 3%
+ Hnh l ct khc bng chiu di cai thao : 2%
(Luu : ty l nguyn liu phu c th thay di theo khu vi cua tung nguoi).
Sau d phi trn thm gia vi voi ty l sau:
+ Duong knh trng : 3%
+ Mui : 2.5%
+ Bt ngot : 0.5%
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(Luu : ty l ny tnh trn tng khi luong nguyn liu).
Buc 4: Xp keo/lo
O phng th nghim chng ta c th su dung keo thuy tinh, hu nhua. Bao b duoc
chun bi, rua sach khu trng, trng nuoc si v p nguoc cho ro nuoc truoc khi xp nguyn
liu d phi trn vo.
Sau khi cc nguyn liu d phi trn duoc sp xp vo bao b. San du, nn cht. Lc
xp cn ch dn cam quan cua san phm.
* Chi tiu cn kim sot:
D sach cua bao b. Chi tiu ny duoc kim sot bng cam quan.
Buc 5: Ln men:
Ln men o diu kin nhit d mi truong. Tuy theo nhit d mi truong m thoi gian
ln men tu 24 72 gio
* Chi tiu cn kim sot: Xc dinh thoi gian ln men.
Buc 6: Hon thin san phm:
Sau thoi gian ln men dem san phm dn nhn. Nhn do sinh vin tu thit k theo
dng quy dinh.
6.3.3. Yu cau san pham
6.3.3.1. San pham dua cai muoi chua
- Cam quan: Dua cai c mu sc dc trung, dung dich khng c vn duc, khng ln
tap cht, mi vi thom ngon dc trung.
- San phm khng bi hu hong, khng c mi vi la.
6.3.3.2. San pham kim chi
- Cam quan: Kim chi c mu sc dc trung, ni bt l mu do cua ot, khng ln tap
cht, mi vi thom ngon dc trung cua kim chi.
- San phm khng bi hu hong, khng c mi vi la.
6.4. Yu cu vit bo co
- Trnh by qui trnh ch bin dua cai mui chua.
- Trnh by qui trnh ch bin kim chi .
- Tnh dinh muc su dung nguyn liu cho 1kg san phm.
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- Kim tra cht luong san phm, nhn xt tu d dua ra kin nng cao cht luong san
phm.
6.5. Cu hoi
1. So snh qui trnh san xut dua cai mui chua v qui trnh san xut kim chi?
2. Phn tch anh huong cua nng d mui ln cht luong san phm rau qua ln men?
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39
PHU LUC
Phu luc 1: Phuong php chun d axit
Dng dung dich kim chun (NaOH 0.1N) d trung ha ht cc axit trong thuc phm,
voi phenoltalein l chi thi mu.
- Tin hnh do:
Ht chnh xc 5ml dich mu (phn nuoc) cho vo bercher.
Sau d cho 2 3 giot dung dich phenoltalein vo.
Cho NaOH 0,1N tu buret vo bercher mt cch tu tu. Vua nho vua lc du,
cho dn khi dung dich thu c mu hng nhat bn vung.
- Tnh kt qua:
A = 100 *
*
p
n k
A: l d axit c trong 1ml hay 1g thuc phm.
k: l h s cua tung loai axit
n: l th tch dung dich NaOH 0.1N d dng chun d dich mu (ml).
p: l trong luong hay th tch dich mu dem chun d (g hay ml).
Ch : Tri cy chua rt nhiu axit citric. Trong thuc phm nh san xut thuong cho
thm axit (chu yu l axit citric) vo d tng d chua san phm v cung gp phn bao quan
san phm. Do d h s k trong phuong trnh duoc tnh theo h s cua axit citric (k = 0,0064).
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40
TI LIEU THAM KHAO
SCH, GIO TRNH CHNH
[1] B mn cng ngh sau thu hoach, Bi giang cng ngh bao quan v ch bin nng san
thuc pham, Truong Dai hoc Cng nghip Thuc phm TP.HCM, 2010.
[2] B mn cng ngh sau thu hoach, Bi giang thuc hnh cng ngh bao quan v ch bin
nng san thuc pham, Truong Dai hoc Cng nghip Thuc phm TP.HCM, 2010
TI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1]. N.L. Kent, Technology of Cereals, Publisher : Robert Mawell M.C, 2000.
[2]. Mai Vn L, Bi Duc Hoi Bao quan luong thuc NXB KHKT H ni, 1987
[3].Vu Quc Trung (chu bin) So tay kv thuat bao quan luong thuc NXB KHKT H Ni,
1999
[4]. Don Du, Bi Duc Hoi Cng ngh v cc my ch bin luong thuc NXB KHKT H
ni, 1983
[5]. Mai Vn L, L Thi Cc Ch bin luong thuc (Tap 1, 2, 3, 4)- NXB KHKT H Ni,
1987
[6]. Trn Vn Chuong Cng ngh bao quan nng san sau thu hoach NXB VHDT, 2001
[7] Trn Duc Ba, Lanh dng rau qua xuat khau, Nh xut ban Nng nghip TPHCM, 2000.
[8] Trn Vn Chuong, Cng ngh bao quan, ch bin nng san sau thu hoach I-II, Nh xut
ban Vn ha dn tc H Ni, 2000.
[9] Quch Dinh, Kv thuat san xuat do hop rau qua, Nh xut ban Thanh nin, 2000.
[10] David Arthey, Philip R.Ashurst, Fruit Processing, 2001.
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