MEASUREMENT THE SPEED OF WIND USING ULTRASONIC SENSOR

P RESENTED BY: 1. JAYALAKSHMI.D

2.PADMAVATHI.C 3.LAVANYA.B

4.SARANYA.A

ABSTRACT :
An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed to perform a dedicated function. Unlike a general-purpose computer, such as a personal computer, an embedded system performs one or a few predefined tasks, usually with very specific requirements. Since the system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it, reducing the size and cost of the product. Embedded system comprises of both hardware and software. Embedded system is fast growing technology in various fields like industrial automation, home appliances, automobiles, aeronautics etc. Embedded technology is implemented to perform a specified task and the programming is done using assembly language programming or embedded C. Ours being a developing country the power consumption is increasing on large scale to meet the growing need of the people. Power generation is widely based on the non-renewable sources and these sources being depleting some means have to be found for power saving. PROJECT DESCRIPTION:

Strong growth figures prove that wind is now a mainstream option for new power generation. All the successful megawatt-class wind technology developments to date are results of evolutionary design efforts based on the premise that control can significantly improve energy capture and reduce dynamic loads. The main challenge is wind stochasticity that impacts both power quality and drive train fatigue life for a wind generating system. In the proposed paradigm, control is exercised through a self-tuning regulator (STR) that incorporates a recursive least-squares algorithm to predict the process parameters and update the states. In above rated regimes, the control strategy incorporating a pitch regulatory system aims to regulate turbine power and maintain stable, closedloop behavior in the presence of turbulent wind inflow. The control scheme is formulated based on a detailed performability model; the wind speed is generated by a stochastic model, while the drivetrain is modeled as a multiinertia system linked by a

nonideal (KS _= ) shaft described by nonlinear equations. Computer simulations reveal that achieving the two objectives of maximizing energy extraction and load reduction by the STR becomes more attractive relative to the classical PID controller design. In our project The Power Plant Windmill systems has been controlled and monitored as shown in figure. Here the voltage and the Current which are monitored through PC for getting the required voltage along a microcontroller which is connected. If there would be an occurrence of any change in the voltage or Current, the systems have programmed to operate a motor. The motor is used to operate the windmill if the changes happen with the control of the microcontroller. Everything monitored with the help of PC.

Block Diagram :

Wind Mill

Motor

Power Supply

Voltage Monitor

Relay ADC Circuit Micro Controller

Motor (For Air)

Current Monitor ultra sonic Sensor

UART

Switches

Hardware Requirements :
Microcontroller.

Relay.

Motor.

Ultra sonic sensor Wind Mill.

Voltage Sensor.

Current Sensor.

UART.

PC

ADC Unit

Software Requirements :
Programming. Keil C Compiler. Embedded C

MODULE EXPLANATION:

Microcontroller:
A microcontroller (also microcontroller unit, MCU or C) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit consisting of a relatively simple CPU combined with support functions such as a crystal oscillator, timers, watchdog timer, serial and analog I/O etc.

Power Supply:
Power supply is a reference to a source of electrical power. A device or system that supplies electrical or other types of energy to an output load or group of loads is called a power supply unit or PSU. The term is most commonly applied to electrical energy supplies, less often to mechanical ones, and rarely to others.

ADC Unit:
An analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D or A to D) is a device which converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. The reverse operation is performed by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). Typically, an ADC is an electronic device that converts an input analog voltage (or current) to a digital number proportional to the magnitude of the voltage or current

UART:
A universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter is a type of "asynchronous receiver/transmitter", a piece of computer hardware that translates data between parallel and serial forms. UARTs are commonly used in conjunction with other communication standards such as EIA RS-232. A UART is usually an individual (or part of an) integrated circuit used for serial communications over a computer or peripheral device serial port.

UARTs are now commonly included in microcontrollers. A dual UART or DUART combines two UARTs into a single chip. Many modern ICs now come with a UART that can also communicate synchronously; these devices are called USARTs.

Relay:
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Electric current through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts. The coil current can be on or off so relays have two switch positions and they are double-throw (changeover) switches.

Current sensor:
A current sensor is a device that detects electrical current (AC or DC) in a wire, and generates a signal proportional to it. The sensed current and the output signal can be:

AC current input, o analog output, which duplicates the wave shape of the sensed current o bipolar output, which duplicates the wave shape of the sensed current o unipolar output, which is proportional to the average or RMS value of the sensed current DC current input, o unipolar, with a unipolar output, which duplicates the wave shape of the sensed current o digital output, which switches when the sensed current exceeds a certain threshold

Voltage Sensor:
The innovative integrated optic voltage sensor employs reverse poling technology that permits the use of simple electrode structures for high voltage sensing without the need for voltage division. The design eliminates

electrical isolation problems between the high voltage system and the control system