Wireless Communications and Networking Tailieu Chinh Thuc

Sections

An Overview of Wireless Systems
1.1 Introduction
1.2 First- and Second-Generation Cellular Systems
1.3 Cellular Communications from 1G to 3G
1.4 Road Map for Higher Data Rate Capability in 3G
1.5 Wireless 4G Systems
1.6 Future Wireless Networks
1.7 Standardization Activities for Cellular Systems
1.8 Summary
Problems
References
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Service Level
2.3 Trafﬁc Usage
2.4 Trafﬁc Measurement Units
2.5 Call Capacity
2.6 Deﬁnitions of Terms
2.7 Data Collection
2.8 Ofﬁce Engineering Considerations
2.9 Trafﬁc Types
2.10 Blocking Formulas
2.10.1 Erlang B Formula
2.10.2 Poisson’s Formula
2.10.3 Erlang C Formula
2.10.4 Comparison of Erlang B and Poisson’s Formulas
2.10.5 Binomial Formula
2.11 Summary
Radio Propagation and Propagation Path-Loss Models
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Free-Space Attenuation
3.3 Attenuation over Reﬂecting Surface
3.4 Effect of Earth’s Curvature
3.5 Radio Wave Propagation
3.6 Characteristics of a Wireless Channel
3.7 Signal Fading Statistics
3.7.1 Rician Distribution
3.7.2 Rayleigh Distribution
3.7.3 Lognormal Distribution
3.8 Level Crossing Rate and Average Fade Duration
3.9 Propagation Path-Loss Models
3.9.1 Okumura/Hata Model
3.9.2 Cost 231 Model
3.9.3 IMT-2000 Models
3.10 Indoor Path-Loss Models
3.11 Fade Margin
3.12 Link Margin
3.13 Summary
An Overview of Digital Communication and Transmission
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Baseband Systems
4.3 Messages, Characters, and Symbols
4.4 Sampling Process
4.4.1 Aliasing
4.4.2 Quantization
4.4.3 Sources of Error
4.4.4 Uniform Quantization
4.5 Voice Communication
4.6 Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)
4.7 Pulse Code Modulation
4.8 Shannon Limit
4.9 Modulation
4.10 Performance Parameters of Coding and Modulation Scheme
4.11 Power Limited and Bandwidth-Limited Channel
4.12 Nyquist Bandwidth
4.13 OSI Model
4.13.1 OSI Upper Layers
4.14 Data Communication Services
4.15 Multiplexing
4.16 Transmission Media
4.17 Transmission Impairments
4.17.1 Attenuation Distortion
4.17.2 Phase Distortion
4.17.3 Level
4.17.4 Noise and SNR
4.18 Summary
Fundamentals of Cellular Communications
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Cellular Systems
5.3 Hexagonal Cell Geometry
5.4 Cochannel Interference Ratio
5.6 Cochannel Interference Reduction
5.7 Directional Antennas in Seven-Cell Reuse Pattern
5.7.1 Three-Sector Case
5.7.2 Six-Sector Case
5.8 Cell Splitting
5.9 Adjacent Channel Interference (ACI)
5.10 Segmentation
5.11 Summary
Multiple Access Techniques
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Narrowband Channelized Systems
6.2.2 Frequency Division Multiple Access
6.2.3 Time Division Multiple Access
6.3 Spectral Efﬁciency
6.3.1 Spectral Efﬁciency of Modulation
6.3.2 Multiple Access Spectral Efﬁciency
6.3.3 Overall Spectral Efﬁciency of FDMA and TDMA Systems
6.4 Wideband Systems
6.6 Capacity of a DS-CDMA System
6.7 Comparison of DS-CDMA vs. TDMA System Capacity
6.9 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
6.10 Multicarrier DS-CDMA (MC-DS-CDMA)
6.11 Random Access Methods
6.11.1 Pure ALOHA
6.11.2 Slotted ALOHA
6.11.3 Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)
6.11.4 Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
6.12 Idle Signal Casting Multiple Access
6.13 Packet Reservation Multiple Access
6.14 Error Control Schemes for Link Layer
6.15 Summary
Architecture of a Wireless Wide-Area Network (WWAN)
7.1 Introduction
7.2 WWAN Subsystem Entities
7.2.1 User Equipment
7.2.2 Radio Station Subsystem
7.2.3 Network and Switching Subsystem
7.2.4 Operation and Maintenance Subsystem (OMSS)
7.2.5 Interworking and Interfaces
7.3 Logical Channels
7.4 Channel and Frame Structure
7.5 Basic Signal Characteristics
7.6 Speech Processing
7.7 Power Levels in Mobile Station
7.8 GSM Public Land Mobile Network Services
7.9 Summary
Speech Coding and Channel Coding
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Speech Coding
8.2.1 Speech Coding Methods
8.2.2 Speech Codec Attributes
8.2.3 Linear-Prediction-Based Analysis-by-Synthesis (LPAS)
8.2.4 Waveform Coding
8.2.5 Vocoders
8.2.6 Hybrid Coding
8.3 Speech Codecs in European Systems
8.3.1 GSM Enhanced Full-Rate (EFR)
8.3.2 Adaptive Multiple Rate Codec
8.4 CELP Speech Codec
8.5 Enhanced Variable Rate Codec
8.6 Channel Coding
8.6.1 Reed-Solomon (RS) Codes
8.6.2 Convolutional Code
8.6.3 Turbo Coding
8.6.4 Soft and Hard Decision Decoding
8.6.5 Bit-Interleaving and De-Interleaving
8.7 Summary
Modulation Schemes
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Introduction to Modulation
9.3 Phase Shift Keying
9.3.2 /4-DQPSK Modulation
9.3.3 MSK and GMSK Modulation
9.4 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
9.5 M-ary Frequency Shift Keying
9.6 Modulation Selection
9.7 Synchronization
9.8 Equalization
9.9 Summary
Antennas, Diversity, and Link Analysis
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Antenna System
10.3 Antenna Gain
10.4 Performance Criteria of Antenna Systems
10.5 Relationship between Directivity, Gain, and Beam Width of an Antenna
10.5.1 The Relationship between Directivity and Gain
10.5.2 Relation between Gain and Beam Width
10.5.3 Helical Antennas
10.6 Diversity
10.6.1 Types of Diversity
10.7 Combining Methods
10.7.1 Selection Combiner
10.7.2 Switched Combiner
10.7.3 Maximal Ratio Combiner
10.7.4 Equal Gain Combiner
10.8 Rake Receiver
10.9 Link Budgets
10.10 Summary
Spread Spectrum (SS) and CDMA Systems
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Concept of Spread Spectrum
11.3 System Processing Gain
11.4 Requirements of Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum
11.5 Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum Systems
11.6 Operational Advantages of SS Modulation
11.7 Coherent Binary Phase-Shift Keying DSSS
11.8 Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying DSSS
11.9 Bit Scrambling
11.10 Requirements of Spreading Codes
11.11 Multipath Path Signal Propagation and Rake Receiver
11.12 Critical Challenges of CDMA
11.13 TIA IS-95 CDMA System
11.13.1 Downlink (Forward) (BS to MS)
11.13.2 Uplink (Reverse) (MS to BS)
11.14 Power Control in CDMA
11.14.1 Open Loop Power Control
11.15 Softer and Soft Handoff
11.16 Summary
Mobility Management in Wireless Networks
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Mobility Management Functions
12.3 Mobile Location Management
12.3.1 Mobility Model
12.4 Mobile Registration
12.4.1 GSM Token-Based Registration
12.4.3 Paging in GSM
12.5 Handoff
12.5.1 Handoff Techniques
12.5.2 Handoff Types
12.5.3 Handoff Process and Algorithms
12.5.4 Handoff Call Flows
12.6 Summary
Security in Wireless Systems
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Security and Privacy Needs of a Wireless System
13.2.1 Purpose of Security
13.2.2 Privacy Deﬁnitions
13.2.3 Privacy Requirements
13.2.4 Theft Resistance Requirements
13.2.5 Radio System Requirements
13.2.6 System Lifetime Requirements
13.2.7 Physical Requirements
13.2.8 Law Enforcement Requirements
13.3 Required Features for a Secured Wireless Communications System
13.4 Methods of Providing Privacy and Security in Wireless Systems
13.5 Wireless Security and Standards
13.6 IEEE 802.11 Security
13.7 Security in North American Cellular/PCS Systems
13.7.1 Shared Secret Data Update
13.7.2 Global Challenge
13.7.3 Unique Challenge
13.8 Security in GSM, GPRS, and UMTS
13.8.1 Security in GSM
13.8.2 Security in GPRS
13.8.3 Security in UMTS
13.9 Data Security
13.9.1 Firewalls
13.9.2 Encryption
13.9.3 Secure Socket Layer
13.9.4 IP Security Protocol (IPSec)
13.9.5 Authentication Protocols
13.10 Air Interface Support for Authentication Methods
13.11 Summary of Security in Current Wireless Systems
13.11.1 Billing Accuracy
13.11.2 Privacy of Information
13.11.3 Theft Resistance of MS
13.11.4 Handset Design
13.11.5 Law Enforcement
13.12 Summary
Mobile Network and Transport Layer
14.1 Introduction
14.3 Network Layer in the Internet
14.3.1 Internet Addresses
14.3.2 IP Adjunct Protocols
14.3.3 QoS Support in the Internet
14.4 TCP/IP Suite
14.5 Transmission Control Protocol
14.5.1 TCP Enhancements for Wireless Networks
14.5.2 Implementation of Wireless TCP
14.6 Mobile IP (MIP) and Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
14.6.1 Mobile IP
14.6.2 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
14.7 Internet Reference Model
14.8 Summary
Wide-Area Wireless Networks (WANs) — GSM Evolution
15.1 Introduction
15.2 GSM Evolution for Data
15.2.1 High Speed Circuit Switched Data
15.2.2 General Packet Radio Service
15.2.3 Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Enhancement
15.3 Third-Generation (3G) Wireless Systems
15.4 UMTS Network Reference Architecture
15.5 Channel Structure in UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
15.6 Spreading and Scrambling in UMTS
15.7 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network Overview
15.7.1 UTRAN Logical Interfaces
15.7.2 Distribution of UTRAN Functions
15.8 UMTS Core Network Architecture
15.8.1 3G-MSC
15.8.2 3G-SGSN
15.8.3 3G-GGSN
15.8.4 SMS-GMSC/SMS-IWMSC
15.8.5 Firewall
15.8.6 DNS/DHCP
15.9 Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec for UMTS
15.10 UMTS Bearer Service
15.11 QoS Management
15.11.1 Functions for UMTS Bearer Service in the Control Plane
15.11.2 Functions for UMTS Bearer Service in the User Plane
15.12 Quality of Service in UMTS
15.12.1 QoS Classes
15.12.2 QoS Attributes
15.13 High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)
15.14 Freedom of Mobile multimedia Access (FOMA)
15.15 Summary
Wide-Area Wireless Networks — cdmaOne Evolution
16.1 Introduction
16.2 cdma2000 Layering Structure
16.2.1 Upper Layer
16.2.2 Lower Layers
16.3 Forward Link Physical Channels of cdma2000
16.4 Forward Link Features
16.4.1 Transmit Diversity
16.4.2 Orthogonal Modulation
16.4.3 Power Control
16.4.4 Walsh Code Administration
16.4.5 Modulation and Spreading
16.5 Reverse Link Physical Channels of cdma2000
16.5.1 Reverse Link Power Control
16.6 Evolution of cdmaOne (IS-95) to cdma2000
16.6.1 cdma2000 1X EV-DO
16.6.2 cdma2000 1X EV-DV
16.7 Technical Differences between cdma2000 and WCDMA
16.8 Summary
Planning and Design of Wide-Area Wireless Networks
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Planning and Design of a Wireless Network
17.3 Radio Design for a Cellular Network
17.3.1 Radio Link Design
17.3.2 Coverage Planning
17.4 Receiver Sensitivity and Link Budget
17.4.1 Link Budget for the GSM1800 System
17.4.2 Pole Capacity of a CDMA Cell
17.4.3 Uplink Radio Link Budget for a CDMA System
17.4.4 Downlink Radio Link Budget for a CDMA System
17.5 cdma2000 1X EV-DO
17.5.1 1X EV-DO Concept
17.5.2 Details of cdma2000 1X EV-DO
17.6 High-Speed Downlink Packet Access
17.6.1 HSDPA SINR Calculation
17.7 Iub Interface Dimensioning
17.8 Radio Network Controller Dimensioning
17.9 Summary
Wireless Application Protocol
18.1 Introduction
18.2 WAP and the World Wide Web (WWW)
18.3 Introduction to Wireless Application Protocol
18.4 The WAP Programming Model
18.4.1 The WWW Model
18.4.2 The WAP Model
18.5 WAP Architecture
18.5.1 Wireless Application Environment
18.5.2 Wireless Telephony Application
18.5.3 Wireless Session Protocol
18.5.4 Wireless Transaction Protocol
18.5.5 Wireless Transport Layer Security
18.5.6 Wireless Datagram Protocol
18.5.7 Optimal WAP Bearers
18.6 Traditional WAP Networking Environment
18.7 WAP Advantages and Disadvantages
18.8 Applications of WAP
18.9 imode
18.10 imode versus WAP
18.11 Summary
19.1 Introduction
19.2 The Wireless Personal Area Network
19.3 Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1)
19.4 Deﬁnitions of the Terms Used in Bluetooth
19.5 Bluetooth Protocol Stack
19.5.1 Transport Protocol Group
19.5.2 Middleware Protocol Group
19.5.3 Application Group
19.6 Bluetooth Link Types
19.7 Bluetooth Security
19.7.1 Security Levels
19.7.2 Limitations of Bluetooth Security
19.8 Network Connection Establishment in Bluetooth
19.9 Error Correction in Bluetooth
19.10 Network Topology in Bluetooth
19.11 Bluetooth Usage Models
19.12 Bluetooth Applications
19.13 WAP and Bluetooth
19.14 Summary
Wireless Personal Area Networks: Low Rate and High Rate
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Wireless Sensor Network
20.3 Usage of Wireless Sensor Networks
20.4 Wireless Sensor Network Model
20.5 Sensor Network Protocol Stack
20.5.1 Physical Layer
20.5.2 Data Link Layer
20.5.3 Network Layer
20.5.4 Transport Layer
20.5.5 Application Layer
20.5.6 Power, Mobility, and Task Management Planes
20.6 ZigBee Technology
20.6.1 ZigBee Components and Network Topologies
20.7 IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN Device Architecture
20.7.1 Physical Layer
20.7.2 Data Link Layer
20.7.3 The Network Layer
20.7.4 Applications
20.8 IEEE 802.15.3a — Ultra WideBand
20.9 Radio Frequency Identiﬁcation
20.10 Summary
Wireless Local Area Networks
21.1 Introduction
21.2 WLAN Equipment
21.3 WLAN Topologies
21.4 WLAN Technologies
21.4.1 Infrared Technology
21.4.2 UHF Narrowband Technology
21.4.3 Spread Spectrum Technology
21.5 IEEE 802.11 WLAN
21.5.1 IEEE 802.11 Architecture
21.5.2 802.11 Physical Layer (PHY)
21.5.3 IEEE 802.11 Data Link Layer
21.5.4 IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control
21.5.5 IEEE 802.11 MAC Sublayer
21.6 Joining an Existing Basic Service Set
21.7 Security of IEEE 802.11 Systems
21.8 Power Management
21.9 IEEE 802.11b — High Rate DSSS
21.10 IEEE 802.11n
21.11 Other WLAN Standards
21.11.1 HIPERLAN Family of Standards
21.12.2 PER from M Neighboring IEEE 802.11 WLANs*
21.12.3 Aggregated Throughput
21.13 Interference between Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11
21.14 IEEE 802.16
21.15 World Interoperability for MicroAccess, Inc. (WiMAX)
21.15.1 WiMAX Physical Layer (PHY)
21.15.2 WiMAX Media Access Control (MAC)
21.15.3 Spectrum Allocation for WiMAX
21.16 Summary
APPENDIX A
Acronyms

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07/01/2011

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