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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All the Acclimations and Appreciation are for Almighty ALLAH, the Compassionate; the Benevolent. That knows the mysteries & secrets of universe. Doing a project in such critical situation was not an easy job but we got succeeded just because of our PARENTS who are always busy in prayers behind us. Indeed we could not perform, until and unless someone like PROF. IRFAN assign us. So we are highly thankful to him for providing us such a magnificent task. We are also thankful to PROF. NAVEED IQBAL CHUDHARY who guided us for the project. At the most we are thankful to ALMIGHTY ALLAH not just for giving an opportunity to do such a task but also because HE made us human being and then made us a part of UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB. At the end, we would like to thank all who directly or indirectly help us in making the report.
DEDICATION
To our Parents whose unconditional love and support helped us in making the report? To our Teachers for their corporation and assistance. To our Siblings for their encouragement and valuable support.
LETTER OF AUTHORIZATION
I PROF.IRFAN here by authorize you to prepare a report on MITCHELLS FRUIT FARM LIMITED to analyze their ratios and their comparison with previous year. Submitted at the Date10th February, 2010.
LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE
To: Respected Sir Irfan Lecturer in PUGC
Respected Sir
We, the group members anxiously want to inform you that we have accepted the project assigned by you on topic of Financial Ratio Analysis. We ll report you on February 10; 2010.We ll keep all the instruction in our mind and will try our best to fulfill all the requirements. May ALLAH give us the strength, patience, courage to complete this report?
Cordially, MB09045 NIDA AJMAL MB09044 NAZRA SHREEF MB09018 KIRAN ABDUL RASHEED MB09032 NAFEESA NAZ MB09062 SUNDAS
6 Financial Analysis of Mitchells Food Farm
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
Group members of accounting project MBA 1st morning February 10, 2010
Prof .Sir Irfan Lecturer in PUGC IBA Department University of the Punjab GUJRANWALA PAKISTAN
Respected Sir Here is the report you asked us to prepare. In the provided report we tried our best to fulfill all the requirements as directed by you. In this report we discussed following five important accounting ratios of a well reputed MITCHELLS FRUIT FARM LIMITED
I. Liquidity Ratios. II. Solvency Ratios. III. Activity Ratios. IV. Profitability Ratios. V. Market Ratios.
In the provided report we used the Annual Report of MITCHELLS FRUIT FARM LIMITED 2007 & 2008copied from web site of Lahore Stock Exchange. We visited the company twice and took important information from them.
This report is just for the purpose of practical implementation of our knowledge. Since we are not professionals so we hope that any shortcoming will be forgiven with an open heart. Moreover this is to tell you that all the figures used in this report for calculation of ratios are taken from the listed Annual Reports of company itself and any miscalculation is not challengeable in the court in or outside the country.
At the most we are thankful to Almighty Allah who is so kind to us and because of whom we did this task with such an accuracy.
Regards Cordially, MB09045 MB09044 MB09018 MB09032 MB09062 NIDA AJMAL NAZRA SHREEF KIRAN ABDUL RASHEED NAFEESA NAZ SUNDAS
TABLE OF CONTENT
CONTENTS
Introduction History Vision Statement Mission Statement Corporate philosophy Departments Products Marketing Strategies Swot analysis Ratio analysis y y y y y Liquidity ratios Activity ratios Solvency ratios Profitability ratios Marketing ratios
PAGE NO.
11 13 17 18 19 21 23 50 59 64 74 80 92 103 115 159
INTRODUCTION
Mitchell's Fruit Farms Limited is the oldest and most trusted Food Company in Pakistan. Since starting its operations in 1933, the Company has gone from strength to strength. Modern high-volume industrial equipment, professional management and a trained workforce all combine to ensure that Mitchell s continues its dominance as the innovator, market leader and trend setter. In this regard a major step was taken in 1998, when Mitchell s became the first food company in Pakistan to achieve ISO 9001 ACCREDITATION, thus becoming more competitive on the international stage also. Today the Mitchell s family continues to grow, reaching more and more households worldwide with an ever-increasing array of farm-fresh products ranging from Thirst-quenching Squashes & Syrups; Fruity Jams, Jellies and Marmalade; Rich Tomato Ketchup & savory Sauces; Tasty Pickles; refreshingly nutritious Canned Fruits & Vegetables; And a wholesome assortment of Candies & Chocolate from its wide range of confectionery products.
Institutional Clients
Mitchell s has successfully catered to the demands of its prestigious clients such as the Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), leading five star hotels and clubs, Utility Stores Corporation, Canteen Stores Department, main stores and reputed restaurants in major cities.
11
Foreign Licenses
In recognition of its dedication to quality and technical expertise, Mitchell s was also given proprietary rights by L. Rose and Company Ltd. of England in 1946 to become the sole manufacturer and distributor of their world famous Rose s brand of Lime Juice Cordial and Lime Marmalade in Pakistan and Afghanistan.
12
13
HISTORY
PHASE I: BEFORE INDEPENDENCE...
Francis J. Mitchell arrived in Bombay from Scotland at the end of World War I. He had been invited by his brother who was already established in North Western India as contractor to the government for construction of the railway network in this part of the subcontinent. At that time, when Francis was already an old man of over sixty years, an opportunity came his way in the form of the emerging irrigation system being laid out in the canal colony districts of West Punjab. He was successful in obtaining the lease of 720 acres of agricultural land in the then Montgomery district. The area allotted to him extended for nearly seven miles from Renala Khurd to Kissan, sandwiched between the arterial lower Bari Doab Canal and the Lahore/Karachi railway. He initiated the business of growing grapes for eventual sale as dried raisins and sent his younger son Richard to Australia for training at Mildura which was well known as a center of specialization in the field of horticulture. The Company, with Francis Mitchell as its Governing Director and his two sons Leonard and Richard as Directors, was incorporated in 1933 and given the name Indian Mildura Fruit Farms Ltd. The North Western Railway had opened to traffic a few years before the acquisition of the land by the Mitchell family. Francis Mitchell was asked by the railway authorities to propose a name for the adjoining station. Hence the word "Kissan" which subsequently became a familiar brand name.
14
The trial planting of grapes, which began in 1921 and lasted until 1924, unfortunately did not prove to be a success. The vines suffered serious damage from pests during the rainy season, just when the grapes needed dry weather for ripening. The entire plantation was replaced with citrus, which, fortunately, proved to be profitable. The elder son, Leonard, was sent specially to South Africa to look for good rootstock, which was the foundation of Valencia orange trees these are well established on the farms today. With the outbreak of World War II, demand for canned fruits and vegetables for the allied troops, stationed in India, began to grow rapidly. To cost-effectively cater to this growing demand, a factory was established in Bangalore, South India. A new joint-stock company by the name of Kissan Products Ltd. was registered.
15
16
VISION STATEMENT
MITCHELL's VISION is to provide its customer with healthy, innovative and best quality food that will tempt their appetite at all times. Above all, Mitchell s also promise convenience & variety at affordable prices.
17
MISSION STATEMENT
i To be a leader in the markets we serve by providing quality products and
efficient services to our consumers while learning from their feedback to set even higher standards for our products.
18
Corporate Philosophy
The success of Mitchell s brands is the result of the corporate emphasis laid upon Quality Control reinforced by Research & Development. The R & D section prepares new recipes and formulations whereas the QC section ensures selection of the finest fruits and error free processing and packaging, thus ensuring that all products live up to the consumers high expectations. Human Resource is also of the pivotal importance for the management and employee skills are constantly being updated through training courses and study tours both at home and abroad.
19
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Human Resource Department Commercial Department System Department Finance Department Production Department Planning and Stores Department Technical Services Department Quality Control Department Marketing Department
21
Finance Department Planning and Stores Department Quality Control Department Commercial Department
22
24
25
TOTAL PRODUCTS: 22
26
SPICE
WITH RICH
UP YOUR LIFE
27
28
Canned Food
For those conscious of time and quality, our range of canned fruits & vegetables remains the favourite. Our ready-to-use products bring convenience along with taste to every kitchen. Mitchell's offers a pure and consistent quality throughout the year whether it is the "in season" or not.
y Tomato Puree
TOTAL PRODUCTS: 19
29
CANNED FOOD
Financial Analysis of Mitchells Food Farm
30
Fruit Drinks:
Natural juices are enjoying steady demand, replacing traditional carbonated soft drinks consumption. So seeing this phenomenon Mitchell's launched Fruit Drinks (Ready-to-Drink) with pure fruits' pulp & concentrates to give its consumers maximum satisfaction. It is a good source of energy along with refreshing taste.
TOTAL PRODUCTS: 13
31
32
y y y y
Chilli & Lime Pickle Garlic Pickle Green Chilli Pickle Lime Pickle
TOTAL PRODUCTS:17
33
Bottled Water:
With changing needs of consumers and their shifting towards hygienic products, like bottled drinking water, Mitchell's launched Natural Drinking Water, Balance
Mitchell's Balance
1500 ml
500ml
34
CHOCOLATES
TOTAL PRODUCTS: 22
35
y Anniversary y Discoveree y Festival y Golden Hearts y Jubilee (Maxi) y TopMilk Fruit & Nut y Luxuree y Unitee (Smart Pack) y Silver Hearts
TOTAL PRODUCTS:22
36
Sugar Confectionery:
37
Super MilkToffees
38
Fruit Punch
Extending its existing product line of Fruit Drinks, Mitchell's has introduced an irresistible combination of Fruits in a drink as Mitchell's Fruit Punch. So, now can enjoy the taste of not only one but many fruits in a single drink.
39
40
Luxuree 30g:
Enjoy a taste of the exotic tropical! Luxuree is a wonderful treat consisting of a pure, white coconut core wrapped in rich, milky smooth chocolate
41
42
43
Jaam-eHayat:
Keeping in view the growing demand of Red Syrups, Mitchell's has launched New Red Syrup in 810ml and 1.5Litres Pet Bottles. Be ready to taste the refreshing experience.
44
45
Spinach Puree:
Spinach Puree is made from the freshest spinach leaves and packed in tin can. Open the can to cook and prepare a delicious meal with either vegetables like Potatoes, or with meat. You just need to add spices and oil to cook. It can be eaten with Bread, Paratha or Rice. Spinach Puree is packed in 800gms cans for the pure convenience of consumers.
Anniversary:
To commemorate the company's Platinum Jubilee, we take great pride in the launch of Anniversary - a delectable selection of chocolates especially created for the discerning consumer - as our way of saying "Thank You" to our loyal clientele for their support and patronage spanning three generations.
46
47
MARKETING STRATEGIES
The most interesting part of commerce is the marketing; this is the latter addition of the business tools. starts with conceiving idea of presenting a product, traditionally producers were interested in producing those goods only which has existing pull, whereas now because of marketing tools they are producing with the intention of pushing the product into consumer s hand. Marketers use numerous tools to elicit desired response from their target markets. These tools constitute a marketing mix. Marketing Mix is the set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market. McCarthy classified these tools into four broad groups that he called the four P's of marketing:
y y y y
49
Product
Defining the characteristics of your product or service to meet the customers' needs.
Place or distribution
Looking at location (e.g. of a library) and where a service is delivered (e.g. are search results delivered to the user's desktop, office, and pigeonhole - or do they have to collect them).
Price
Deciding on a pricing strategy. Even if you decide not to charge for a service, it is useful to realize that this is still a pricing strategy. Identifying the total cost to the user (which is likely to be higher than the charge you make) is a part of the price element.
Promotion
This includes advertising, personal selling (e.g. attending exhibitions), sales promotions (e.g. special offers), and atmospherics (creating the right impression through the working environment). Public Relations are included within promotion by many marketing people.
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Price Structure
The prices of Mitchell s products are within the customer s buying power. Mitchell s also give discounts to their regular customers. Mitchell s has set prices in such a way that it offers the most quality products with acceptable prices. Its prices are very much comparable with its competitors. It also considers the fact that Pakistani market is not as much economically viable as the other foreign markets. So it keeps in mind all the below line factors while setting the prices of the products.
51
2. PLACE STRATEGY
Mitchell s adopted the channel-Structure Strategy for distribution. They believe that product should be distributed directly from manufacturer to customer or indirectly through one or more intermediaries. They sell their products sometimes directly and sometimes they sell their products through retailers. Like in Lahore they need to sell their products between the months of March till November where as on the other side in Karachi the demand of the Squashes remain the same throughout the year since there need to have other distribution channels as compare to Lahore. Although Mitchell s make use of the direct distribution strategy and indirect distribution strategy and hence that is why the eye level is always filled with the products of Squashes, which leads to a good result of increase in sales. As they have firm distribution network they follow the path Producer----- Wholesaler ---- Retailer ---- Consumer They also distribute directly to some retailers for example they supply directly to the Airlines and Hotels like PIA and Pearl Continental.
52
3. Promotion Strategy
Target market:
In this particular add, the company has targeted a child of 6 years of age ranging to 65 years old grandfather. As there are number of products shown in this ad which are directed toward different age groups.
Sales Promotions:
Public Relations Mitchell's has joined hands with the village communities as well as the British Council, the Department for International Development (UK) and Voluntary Service Overseas (UK) in an effort to promote education in rural areas. Twenty-five girls' schools have been set up in the Okara district in an endeavour to boost the levels of female literacy. Also a Teachers Training Institute has been set up to provide quality teaching staff to the local schools
53
Advertisements
Advertisement plays very important role in promoting the image and name of the company. Because you can give your massage and persuade the person (person may be Customer, client etc) to buy your product, therefore effective advertisement plays important role in the success of product. They give full-page coverage in newspaper and also made advertisement in the television. Also providing advertisements on online facility through creating Web Page, giving all required information about the products. They also advertise in weekly newspapers and magazine.
Promotional themes
It also uses other below line activities to promote its product like by using the following techniques:
54
4. Product Strategy
Mitchell s is a famous group of companies. It is well known for its rendered services in food sector. Mitchell s has expertise in baby food, cereal, milk, dairy, mineral water, pet food etc. Mitchell s has more than 50 conumer products in Pakistan. Good nutrition is essential from the very beginning. That's why Mitchell s strives to provide the best for everyone. Mitchell s has recognized the special nutritional requirements of infants and young children from about 4 6 months p to 3 years by introducing a complete range of candies, jams, toffees specially adapted to their needs. They add specific nutrients to their products and encourage children to consume nutritious products with different flavors, colors and shapes. A balanced diet can also include chocolates, biscuits and ice creams. For small children, Mitchell s offers smaller sizes and portion able packs.
Main brands:
y y y y y James Jellies Pickles Squashes chocolates
55
Swot Analysis:
In SWOT Analysis we check the strengths, weaknesses, Opportunities and the Threats of the organization which is helpful to make the proper strategies for the organization. In short,
S W O T
57
INTERNAL ANALYSIS:
While doing the Internal Analysis of MITCHELLS FRUIT FARM LIMITED we will check their,
y Strengths y Weaknesses
EXTERNAL ANALYSIS:
External Analysis involves the analysis of the External Environment Of the organization. In the External Analysis Of MITCHELLS FRUIT FARM LIMITED we will check the,
58
y Opportunities y Threats
Strengths:
y Having its own growing and processing facilities y Modern high-volume industrial equipment y Professional management and a trained workforce y A smooth distribution system with nationwide coverage y Right products, quality and reliability.
59
Weaknesses
MITCHELLS FRUIT FARM LIMITED like all other organizations also has some weak points. The detail description of the weaknesses is as under:
60
y Customer lists not tested y Some gaps in range for certain sectors y Customer service staff needs training y More budget needed for Human Resource Development y A big deficiency is the high cost of the products y Lack in promotional and advertising policies y They have limited number of distribution channels in Pakistan.
Opportunities
MITCHELLS FRUIT FARM LIMITED has following opportunities in the external and internal environment.
61
y Can maintain its position as market leader y Can also continue to be a trend setter y International and domestic market expansion y Introducing new verities of food products y Local competitors have poor products y End-users respond to new ideas y Can surprise competitors
Threats
62
y Political instability y International Financial crises y Challenge of work force diversity y Changing technology and concept y Legislation could impact y Retention of key staff critical y Possible negative publicity y Market demand very seasonal
63
64
FINANCIAL ANALYASIS
Analysis of Financial Statements:
While assessing the financial position of any organization one should be very careful about the figures because mostly organization based on its financial structure and right effective & efficient allocation of money to different needs. Best technique in this regard is of , ratio analysis, which without any complexities provides as an increase look of company. For the assessments of financial resources Mitchell s we also use the ratio analysis in order to get a clear vision with simple interpretation.
65
RATIO:
RATIO IS THE
MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION THAT WILL EXPLAIN THE RELATIONSHIP
ACCOUNTING RATIO:
THE RATIO WHICH WILL EXPLAIN THE RELATIONSHIP
AMONG THE VALUES OF DIFFERENT ITEMS THOSE WILL APPEAR ON THE FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF AN ENTERPRISE.
66
y Market ratio
67
1- Liquidity ratio
Liquidity refers to the solvency of the firms overall financial position _the ease with which it can pays its bills
Ratio that will mere explains the ability of a business to fulfill its short term obligations are called as liquidity ratio.
Three basic measures of liquidity ratio are:
y Current Ratio
y Quick Ratio
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2- Activity Ratio
Activity ratio are used to measure the speed with which various account are converted into sales & cash . With regards to current account, measure s of liquidity are inad equate
These ratios will relate the efficiency of the management with the utilization of the resources of the enterprise to generate profit.
Five basic measures of Activity ratio are:
69
3-Solvency Ratio
The debt position of a company indicates the amount of others peoples money being used in generating profits in general financial analyst most concerned with long term benefits.
The ratios that will indicate the ability of an enterprise to fulfill its long term obligation are called solvency ratio.
Basic measures of Solvency ratio are:
y Fixed Asset Ratio = Net Fixed Asset Long Term Funds y Capital Gearing Ratio = y Proprietary Ratio = Equity Total Long Term Debts
70
4- Profitability Ratio
There are many measures of profitability. Each related the return of the firm to its sales, assets, equity, or share value. As a group, these measures allow the analyst to evaluate the firms earnings with respect to a given level of sales a certain level of assets, the owners investment, or share value. With out profit, a firm could not attract outside capital.
These ratios measure the performance of the company with reference to its competitors are called profitability ratio.
*100 y Gross Profit Ratio= G.P Net Sales y Operating Profit Ratio = NPBIT *100 Net Sales
71
y Operatiing Ratiio = CGS+Operatiing Exp *100 y Operat ng Rat o = CGS+Operat ng Exp *100 Net Salles Net Sa es y Return on sharehollder fund/equiity y Return on shareho der fund/equ ty = Net Profiit After Interest & Tex = Net Prof t After Interest & Tex Equiity Equ ty y Return on Gross Capiitall Emplloyed y Return on Gross Cap ta Emp oyed = Net Profiit After Interest & Tex = Net Prof t After Interest & Tex Gross Capiitall Emplloyed Gross Cap ta Emp oyed y Net Profiit Ratiio y Net Prof t Rat o = = Net Profiit Net Prof t Net Salles Net Sa es y Return on net capiitall emplloyed = NPBIT * 100 y Return on net cap ta emp oyed = NPBIT * 100 Net capiitall emplloyed Net cap ta emp oyed 100 100 100 100 100 100
72
5- Marketing Ratio
These ratios relate to the enterprise market value as measured by its current share price to certain accounting value.
Comparative Analysis:
THE ANALYSIS OF AN ENTERPRISE ON THE BASIS OF ITS FINANCIAL DATA OF ANY TWO YEARS TO COMPARE ITS PERFORMANCE.
73
Liquidity Ratios
74
1- Liquidity Ratio
Current Ratio= Current Asset Current liabilities
2007 = Rs.305, 663,238 Rs. 253025248 2008 = Rs.391, 583,837 Rs. 403,565,238
= 1.21:1
= 0.97:1
ANALYSIS:
y Comparison To Standard:
Current ratio of the company does not meet the required standard of 2:1.
Current Ratio
Trend
Comments
0.97
Decreasing
24%
2:1
Short term financial position is unfavorable as quick ratio decreased from last year and not fulfills the required standard.
75
= 0.16:1
Analysis:
y Comparison To Standard:
Quick ratio of the company does not meet the required standard of 1.5:1.
Quick Ratio
Trend
Comments
0.16
Decreasing
17%
1.5:1
Short term financial position is unfavorable as quick ratio decreased from last year and not fulfills the required standard.
76
= 0.03:1
Analysis:
y Comparison To Standard:
Quick ratio of the company does not meet the required standard of 0.5:1.
0.03
Decreasing
8%
0.5:1
Short term financial position is unfavorable as current ratio decreased from last year and not fulfills the required standard.
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2007
2008
Trend
Comments
1.21
0.97
Decreasing
Company does not have enough current assets to pay its current liability. Company does not have enough ready cash to pay its current liability. Company does not have enough cash to pay its current liability.
0.33
0.16
Decreasing
0.11
0.03
Decreasing
So, after complete analysis of liquidity ratios we conclude that Mitchells Food Farm is not in a position to fulfill its short term obligations.
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2007
2008
Liquidity Ratios
Absolute Liquid Ratio
Current Ratio
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
1.4
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ACTIVITY RATIOS
80
2- Activity Ratio
Stock Turnover Ratio = Cost of goods Sold Average Stock
2007 = Rs.706,265,864 = 3.82 times Rs.185, 037,159 2008 = Rs.848, 823,705 = 3.58 times Rs.236, 868,065.5
Analysis:
y Comparison with previous year:
As compare to the previous year 2007 the stock turnover ratio has a decreasing trend. It decreases by 24% which is unfavorable sign for the company.
y Comparison To Standard:
Stock turnover ratio of the company does not meet the required standard of increasing trend.
Trend
Required trend
Comments
3.58
Decreasi ng
increasin g
24%
As it is decreased from last year so it is unfavorable which shows that lesser time, stock is disposed of in to sales.
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Inventory conversion = No. of days in a year Period Inventory turn over ratio
2007 = 360 days = 90 days 3.82 times 360 days 3.58 times = 90 days
2008 =
Analysis:
y Comparison with previous year:
As compare to the previous year 2007 the inventory conversion period remains stable. It means that company s stock take 90 days to be sold.
y Comparison To Standard:
Although the Inventory conversion ratio of the company remain unchanged but it is not fulfilling the required standard of increasing trend.
Trend
Required trend
Comments
90 days
Stable
increasing
82
Analysis:
y Comparison with previous year:
As compare to the previous year 2007 the Debtors Turnover Ratio is increasing. It means that company s management has ability to create more debtors.
y Comparison To Standard:
Debtors turnover ratio of the company has met the required standard of increasing trend.
Trend
Required trend
Comments
24 times
increasing increasing
79%
Debtors turnover ratio is increasing so it is favorable for the company as it shows that management create more debtors.
83
Average collection period= No. of days in a year Inventory turn over ratio
= 19 days
= 15 days
y Comparison To Standard:
Average collection period of the company has met the required standard of
Trend
Required trend
Comments
15 days
decreasing decreasing
79%
Average collection period is decreasing so it is favorable for the company as it shows that management has ability to recover cash from debtors in lesser days.
decreasing trend.
84
Analysis:
y Comparison with previous year:
As compare to the previous year 2007 the Creditors Turnover Ratio is increasing. It means that company bears good repute among creditors and has more credibility.
Trend
Required trend
Comments
8 times
increasing decreasing
87%
As it has increasing trend so it is favorable for the company which shows that management has more credibility as compare to last year and efficiently arrange fund from creditors.
85
Analysis:
As compare to the previous year 2007 the Average payment period is decreasing. It means that company s management is not efficiently use public funds for more time.
Trend
Required trend
Comments
45 days
decreasing increasing
90%
Average payment period is decreasing so it is unfavorable for the company as it shows that management does not have ability to use funds for more time.
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Rs.52, 637,990
2008 = Rs.848, 823,705 = Rs. (11,981,401) 71 times
Analysis:
As compare to the previous year 2007 the Working Capital Turnover Ratio is increasing. It means that company does not have enough working capital to pay running finance.
Trend
Required trend
Comments
18%
As it has increasing trend so it is unfavorable for the company which shows that company is unable to pay its short term expenses.
87
2008
Analysis:
As compare to the previous year 2007 the Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio is almost stable. It means that company has slightly same fixed assets to meet its running Fixed asset turnover ratio Trend Required trend Rate(%) decreasing / increasing Comments
2.57 times
Stable
decreasin g
1%
As it has stable trend so company is using its fund in maintain its fixed assets
88
Following Ratios shows the inefficiency of management Stock Turnover Ratio Average Collection Period Working Capital Turnover Ratio
89
Activity Ratios
Stock Turnover Ratio
2007
2008 Trend
Comments
3.82
3.58
Decreasing Unfavorable as lesser times the stock has been made and sold. There is stability as stock is sale out after regular period.
90
90
Stable
Debtors Turnover Ratio Average Collection Period Creditors Turnover Ratio Average Collection Period
19 24 Increasing
19
15
Decreasing Unfavorable as recovery is made in more days. Increasing Favorable as credibility have been increased. Decreasing Unfavorable as lesser time is available to use the funds.
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45
13
71
2.57
90
Activity Ratio
Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2007
2008
91
SOLVENCY RATIOS
92 Financial Analysis of Mitchells Food Farm
3-Solvency ratio
Debt Equity Ratio = External Debt Internal Debt
2007 2008
=1.75:1
=3.25:1
Analysis:
As compare to the previous year 2007 the Debt Equity Ratio is increasing which shows that company obtains more debts in 2008.
Trend
Required trend
Comments
3.25:1
As it has increasing trend so it is unfavorable increasing decreasing for the company which shows that company is under the burden of extra debts.
93
Total Long-Term Debt to Shareholders Fund = Total Long-Term funds Shareholders Fund
2007 2008
= 0.24:1
= 0.22:1
Analysis:
As compare to the previous year 2007 the Long Term Debts to Shareholders Equity Ratio is Decreasing which shows that company obtain more debts from internal resources in 2008.
Trend
Required trend
Comments
0.22:1
As it has decreasing trend so it is favorable for decreasing decreasing the company which shows that company s internal equity is increasing.
94
2007 2008
Analysis:
As compare to the previous year 2007 the Debts Service Ratio is decreasing which shows that company earns a small profit which can cover its interest expense only one time in 2008.
Trend
Required trend
Comments
1 time
As it has decreasing trend so it is unfavorable decreasing increasing for the company which shows that company s current year profit is not sufficient to pay its interest charges.
95
2007 2008
Analysis:
As compare to the previous year 2007 the Fixed Asset Ratio is increasing which shows that company s long term funds are used in purchase of fixed asset at a higher rate in 2008 as compared to previous year.
Trend
Required trend
Comments
5.8:1
As it has increasing trend so it is favorable increasing increasing for the company which shows that company s current year long term funds are used in an efficient way to purchase fixed asset.
96
2007 2008
= Rs. 262, 572,706 = 4 times Rs. 62,790,586 = Rs.260,830,246 = 5 times Rs.56, 976,231
Analysis:
As compare to the previous year 2007 the Capital gearing Ratio is increasing which shows that company s shareholder equity has a lower proportion as compared to fixed cost bearing securities in 2008.
Trend
Required trend
Comments
5times
97
Proprietary Ratio =
2007 2008
= Rs. 262, 572,706 = 0.45:1 Rs. 578,388,540 = Rs.260,830,246 = 0.36:1 Rs.721, 371,715
Analysis:
As compare to the previous year 2007 the Proprietary Ratio is decreasing which shows that in financing the total business of company 64% of funds have been supplied by outside creditors in 2008 which is higher then 2007 and 36% are by shareholders.
Proprietary ratio
Trend
Required trend
Comments
0,36:1
98
2007 2008
Analysis:
As compare to the previous year 2007 the Fixed Asset to net worth Ratio is increasing which shows worth of business of company is in 2008 increase as compare to 2007.
Trend
Required trend
Comments
0,36:1
As it has increasing trend so it is favorable for increasing increasing the company showing greater worth of business.
99
On the other hand interest expense and total debt have also been increased due to which following ratios are showing unfavorable signs for the concern: Debt equity ratio Debt ratio Debt service ratio
100
Solvency Ratios
2007 2008
Trend
1.75
3.25
Increasing
0.24
0.22
Favorable, as it shows that Decreasing internal equity is increasing. Unfavorable due to increase Decreasing in interest expenses as compare to profit. Favorable, as it shows the equity is increasing as compare to last year.
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Increasing
Proprietary Ratio
0.45
0.36
Favorable as internal decreasing liabilities are decreasing as compared to fixed assets. Favorable, company s current year long term funds are used in an efficient way to purchase fixed asset at a higher rate. Favorable as it shows the funds are being properly utilized in long term benefit of business at a higher rate.
4.3
5.8
Increasing
1.04
1.26
increasing
101
2007
2008
Solvency Ratio
Fixed Assets to Long Term Funds Ratio
Proprietary Ratio
10
15
20
25
30
35
102
PROFITABILITY RATIOS
103
4- Profitability Ratios
Gross Profit Ratio= gross profit * Net sales
2007
100
2008
= RS.189, 813,591
ANALYSIS;
As compare to the previous year 2007 the Gross Profit Ratio is decreasing which Gross Profit Ratio Trend Required trend Comments
18.3%
As it has decreasing trend so it is unfavorable decreasing increasing for the company showing lesser gross profit as compare to previous year.
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2007
2008
ANALYSIS:
As compare to the previous year 2007 the Operating Profit Ratio is also decreasing which shows less operating profit in 2008 as compare to 2007.
Trend
Required trend
Comments
4.4%
As it has decreasing trend so it is unfavorable decreasing increasing for the company showing lesser operating profit as compare to previous year.
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2008
ANALYSIS:
As compare to the previous year 2007 the Operating Ratio is increasing which shows less operating profit and higher operating expenses in 2008 as compare to 2007.
Operating Ratio
Trend
Required trend
Comments
96.2%
As it has increasing trend so it is unfavorable increasing decreasing for the company showing less profitability inefficiency of management
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100
2007
2008
ANALYSIS:
As compare to the previous year 2007 the Net Profit Ratio is decreasing at a higher rate which is alarming for company as it shows that overall profitability is very lowing 2008 as compare to 2007.
Trend
Required trend
Comments
0.8%
As it has decreasing trend so it is unfavorable decreasing increasing for the company showing less portion of net sales is left for the owners after all expenses have been met.
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Return on shareholder fund/equity = Net Profit After Interest & Tax * Shareholder Equity
2007 = RS.25, 665, 622 * 100 = 9.8% RS.262, 572, 706 = RS.8, 337, 540 * RS.260, 830, 246 100 = 3.2%
100
2008
ANALYSIS:
As compare to the previous year 2007 the Return on equity Ratio is decreasing at a higher rate as it shows that overall net profit is very low in 2008 to pay to shareholders, as compare to 2007.
Return on equity
Trend
Required trend
Comments
3.2%
As it has decreasing trend so it is unfavorable decreasing increasing for the company showing net profit available for shareholder is very small.
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Return on Gross Capital Employed = Net Profit After Interest & Tax Gross Capital Employed
2007 2007
100
= RS.25, 665, 622 * 100 = 7.9% = RS.325, 363, 292 = RS.8, 337, 540 * RS.317, 806, 477 100 = 2.6%
2008
ANALYSIS:
As compare to the previous year 2007 the Return on Gross capital employed is decreasing at a higher rate as it shows that profit available to total investment including investment outside the business is very low in 2008, as compare to 2007.
Return on GCE
Trend
Required trend
Comments
2.6%
As it has decreasing trend so it is unfavorable decreasing increasing for the company showing profit available is very small.
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Return on net capital employed = Net Profit before Interest and Tax Net capital employed
2007
100
= RS. 61, 033, 471 * 100 = 18.8% RS.325, 363, 292 = RS. 45, 436, 673 * RS.317, 806, 477 100 = 14.3%
2008
ANALYSIS:
As compare to the previous year 2007 the Return on Net capital employed is decreasing at a higher rate .It shows that profit available to total investment excluding investment in fixed asset outside the business is very low in 2008, as compare to 2007.
Return on NCE
Trend
Required trend
Comments
14.3%
As it has decreasing trend so it is unfavorable decreasing increasing for the company showing poor profitability.
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100 = 5.09%
2008
100 = 1.65%
ANALYSIS:
As compare to the previous year 2007 the Earnings per Share is decreasing at a higher rate .It shows that per share dividend available to each share holder is very low in 2008, as compare to 2007.
Trend
Required trend
Comments
1.65%
As it has decreasing trend so it is unfavorable decreasing increasing for the company showing poor profitability.
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Profitability Ratio
Gross Profit Ratio Operating Profit Ratio Net Profit Ratio
2007
2008
Trend
Comments
18.5%
18.3%
Decreasing Unfavorable as gross profit is decreasing. decreasing Unfavorable as operating profit is decreasing. Unfavorable as more interest expenses have been paid.
4.4% 7%
Return on Shareholders fund Return On Gross Capital Employed Return on Net Capital Employed Earnings Per Share
Unfavorable as profits are not increasing with reference to funds. Unfavorable as profit not increase to total investment.
Unfavorable as profit not increase to the net investment in business. Unfavorable as EPS has decreased than 2007.
Rs.5.09
Rs.1.65
decreasing
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2007
2008
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Marketing Ratios
115 Financial Analysis of Mitchells Food Farm
5- Marketing Ratio
Price Earning Ratio:
= Market price per share of common stock Earning per share
2007
= RS.10 = RS.5.09
=1.96%
2008 ANALYSIS:
= RS.10
RS.1.65
=6.06%
As compare to the previous year 2007 the Price Earnings Ratio is increasing in 2008, as compare to 2007.
Trend
Required trend
Comments
6.06%
As it has increasing trend so it is favorable for increasing increasing the company showing increase in worth of shares.
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2007
= RS.10 = RS.10
=1%
2008
= RS.10
RS.10
=1%
ANALYSIS:
As compare to the previous year 2007 the Market to book Value Ratio is remain stable in 2008 and 2009.
Trend
Required trend
Comments
6.06%
stable
117
2007
2008
Trend
Comments
6.06%
6.06% increasing
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
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RECOMMENDATIONS
y Management of Mitchells Fruit Farm Limited should take steps in increasing its current assets because its Short term financial position is unfavorable as quick ratio decreased from last year and not fulfills the required standard Long term debts are increasing with the passage of time, so there must be sufficient control on debts.
Cost of goods has been increasing so steps must be taken to have control on these expenses.
Proper and efficient steps must be taken to reduce the operating expenses.
Management of Mitchells Fruit Farm Limited must take some steps to increase the its sales with the help of proper and effective marketing.
Proper terms and conditions must be settled for collection from debtors
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CONCLUSION
Mitchell s is very much conscious and careful about its sales and about the customer level satisfaction and since 1933 they tried to maintain a same graph of satisfaction level and give customer a quality, fresh farm products direct from their own farms. Mitchell s is very much concerned about its SWOT analysis and keeping a closer eye on every action it can take for the better of its products. Every SBU has its own strategies to make and to implement and here at SBU level business strategy focus more narrowly on their own products. The MD plays an important and central role for the strategic planning to be more effective not just as a MD but also as a strategic thinker and corporate culture leader. Mitchell s management deals with developing a marketing mix to serve a designated market. Their main focus is on the strategies at SBU level where Mitchell s make their strategies considering three forces: Customer Competition Corporation
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And in addition to this internal and external factors also play an important role to develop strategy. Mitchell s is concerned about the external information pertains o social, economic, political and technological trends and product/market environment. The information is analyzed to identify the SBU s strengths and weaknesses, which together with competition and customer define the objective of SBU. Mitchell s is also very concerned about the Corporate Appraisal and for this they keep a closer interact with all the groups of corporate publics having a stake in the organization. In this context Mitchell s is very much concerned about the Financial Position of the company. And they evaluate this factor very closely for the further decision making of their products.
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Glossary
Accountant: A person who is involved in the profession of accountancy. Accounting Policies: The accounting principles that will be followed by an enterprise for the preparation of its financial statements Accounting concepts: These are the assumptions of accounting which can be taken to prepare the financial statement of an enterprise. Accounting convention: these are tradition and customs of accounting which will be followed at all over the world to complete the work of accounting. Accounting cycle: The accounting process that begins with analyzing and journalizing transaction and ends with summarizing and reporting this transaction. Accounting Principles: These are the rules and regulation which will be followed by the accountants and all over the world for the works of accounting. Accounting ratios: The ratios which will explain the relationship among the value of different items those which will appear on the financial statements of an enterprise. Accounting: An Art of recording, classifying and summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of money, transaction and events which are, in part at least , of a financial Accrued expenses: accrued expenses or accrued liabilities are the liabilities which have been incurred but not have been recorded in the accounts. Activity Ratio: To check the overall management of an enterprise. Adjusting entries: At the last day of accounting period adjusting entries will be passed to fulfill the requirements of matching concept. A financial statement: statements which will provide financial information. Annual report: Formal financial statements, the auditors report, together with the director s report issued by a company. Assets: What the company owns and various debts owing to it. Average collection period: Shows whether the management efficient to make recoveries from the debtors in lesser days.
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Current liabilities: The external dues that will be due within a short time of one year.
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Dividend cover ratio: This ratio shows that whether the enterprise has enough profit to cover the dividend payable to the shareholders. It must have an increasing trend. Dividend: That part of a company s profits which is distributed among the shareholders. Drawings: The amount that is taken away by the owner for his personal use from the business. Earning per share: A profitability indicator calculated by dividing the net profit after interest and taxes by the number of shares held by a stockholder Equity: The owners interest in a company s capital. Expenses: All the payments made and assets consumed in order to generate revenues. Face value: The value which is printed on the face of a share . Financial assets: provide benefits for more than one year. Financial Statement: The statements which represent the monetary information about the affairs of an enterprise. Fiscal year: Annual accounting period adopted by a business. Gross profit: difference between sales and cost of goods sold. Income Statement: It provides information about the income and expense of a business during a particular period of time. Income summary: An account where the expenses and the revenue accounts balances are transferred at the end of accounting period. Intangible assets: which do not have physical existence? Inventory conversion period: shows whether management is efficient in disposing off the stocks in few days. Investment: To commit in order to earn a financial return.
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Price earning ratio: This ratio must have an increasing trend because it shows that the market price per share is increasing at a higher rate as compare to the earning per share.
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BIBIOLIGRAPHY
To complete this project we take references from a number of books, internet and company itself.
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