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to fence :
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341

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346

)Nihilisme ( Nihil Nil.

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< : .- :
.
) ( < . .-
) ( < .
n Sciavus .
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. <
< .
t
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) ( .
(7)Arnold Toynbee; A Study of History; abridgement1,78.
) The Andean Civilisation (
.
) (< < a .
) (< .
) ( .
) ( <
< a <.a
)A.Toynbee.AStudy of History.I.p.235.ff.(
) ( <
. < Die Auf Klarung
The Englightenment. LAge de lumieres
La Epoca de Los Luces.
.
)( The Nazi < Nazional Sochialistiche
Partie .
) (Dawson C.H: The Dynamics of World History.London .

347

) ( .
: <-a .
) ( < .
)E.Areeman,Comparative politics.( London,1873)pp - (
) ( <The Conquest nature of his mind
)J.Murphy,Primitive Man;His Essential Quest,pp. -(
) ( < .- :
(7).out of the integration of custom into the differentiation of civilisation
(8) V.Gordon Child,The Most Ancrant East
) ( t -
< Gabriel Hanoteau,Histoire de la Nation .
Egyptienne.Vol.I.Le Caire,1930 )
( -
(10)Amold Toynbee,Man and Mother Earth(Oxford University Press,1976,p .23-22.
) (
: ? .
n <
Quatre Cents Siecles . :
dArt Parietal 1952 .
) ( Scythians t
.

<
.

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.
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) (< .
) ( .
) ( : .
) ( < . -

348

) ( < .
)(: .
) ( .
) ( < ) ( .
) (< < .
) (< : .
)(13) Jules Delvaille,Essai sur LHistoire de LIdee du Progres jusqua la fin du VXII siecle(Paris 1910
) (Sidney Pollard,The Idea of Progress.London ,.
) ( Vich < <
Vich x Fief
Feu Feos Feus n
Feudum
< < . <
< .Lehn
) ( Metropolitanas .
) (
Marc Block Societe
Feoale <
Feudal Society :L.A,Manyon
< :Routledge and Kegan Paul
. :
John H. Munday,Europein the Middle Ages,Longman,London 1973. Lynn White, Midieval Technology
and Social Change,Oxford 1962. Joseph Kulischer,Altgemeine Witschaftgeschichte des Miltelalters
)und der Neuzeit. Vol.1(Munchen 1958

Histoire Sociale des Moyen-Ages
J The Caambridge Economic :
n History. of Europe.

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< .
) (< ? .
) ( < .
) ( < .

349

. : <( )
( )
. <
(7) Arnold Toynbee,A Study of History O.C.Somervel ( ) 570571.

(1)Sydney Pollard,The Idea of Progress.p31.
Essai sur Les Mueurs et Lesprit des nations(1756):( )
(3)J.H.Brunfilt,Voltaire:historlan919580Chap. 3.Idem:Social History.p 160.
J.P.Hale, The Evolution of British Historiography(1967), p35 ( )
Historismus (Munchen Meineeke, Die Entstchung des 1946- 2d.1959)T.P.Peardon,The :
Transition in English Historical Wriling(1760- 1830).New York 1966.
(5) Montesquieu,Consideration on the Causes of the Greatness of the Rormans and their.Decline(English
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(14)Roussau,Discours sur les Origines,Linegalite des hommes,p .190.
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(26)Principles of Political Economy Considerd with a view to Their Practical. Application (1820).
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(35)Familie,Volk und Staat in ihrem gasellschaftichen Vorgamge
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