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Michio Komai
Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai-Japan; 1 Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka-Japan * Email: ardy@biochem.tohoku.ac.jp
Abstract
Despite the well-documented that adenosine has health-related physiological activities in animal and human studies, but the detail mechanisms remain unknown. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to identify whether oral administration of adenosine affects on metabolic syndrome-related parameters in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) after high fat diet intake. The rats aged 6-weeks-old were divided into control and adenosine groups, were administered water or water with adenosine, respectively, for 8 week. The rats had free access to high fat diet. The present results showed that oral administration of adenosine has blood pressure lowering effect compared with control group. Oral administration of adenosine also showed increased plasma nitric oxide level; this result corresponded well with its blood pressure lowering effect. We found out that adenosine is effective to improve plasma lipid, glucose, and kidney functions parameters. Adenosine also increases plasma adiponectin level and accompanied by the alleviation of hyperinsulinemia in SHRSP. In conclusion, oral administration of adenosine is effective to improve metabolic syndrome-related parameters in SHRSP and could prevent the progression of metabolic syndrome.
Introduction
Adenosine has physiological functions; 1. Therapy of neonatal refractory pulmonary hypertension 2. Attenuates proliferation in both human and rat glomerular mesangial cell 3. Decrease in blood glucose and insulin level after oral administration
Adenosine, an identified active component from the Driselase-treated fraction of rice bran, has novel functions in blood pressure lowering effect and improving plasma lipid level in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) (Ardiansyah et al., 2009 J. Agric Food Chem 57, 2558-2564)
Objectives
Adenosine
The purposes of these studies are to identify whether oral administration of adenosine affects on metabolic syndrome-related parameters in SHRSP after high fat diet intake.
Experimental methods
6 weeks-old male SHRSP/Izumo. The rats had free access to fresh diet (AIN-93M-based experimental diet; Table 1) and drinking water. The control and adenosine groups (n=6) were administered distilled water (control) and distilled water containing adenosine 10 mg/L (A10) and 100 mg/L (A100) for 8 weeks. Blood pressure was measured using tail cuff method without warming once a week (MK-2000, Muromachi Kikai Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). On the 11th week-old of SHRSP, all groups were used for an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Blood plasma was taken from abdominal aorta for biochemical analyses. The rats were housed individually in stainless steel cages under a controlled atmosphere (temperature, 23 + 2 oC; humidity 50 + 10 %; 12 h light-dark cycle, 08:00 am-08:00 pm)
Growth parameters
1.8 2.5 10 35 200 Relative organs weight (%) 50 100 140 460.69
3 300 250 200 150 Control A10 A100
0.008
350
mixture2
Mineral mixture2
Similar body weight gain and food intake were observed for three groups during experimental period.
*
mixture
* (P<0.069) vs Control
*
Adipose tissue
80 60 40 20 0 TG
#
* * * * *
TC
* (P<0.05) vs Control
#
HDL-cholesterol LDL-cholesterol
The systolic BP of both adenosine groups showed a significant reduction compared control group beginning at 7th weeks of age until the end of the experimental period
Conclusion
Adenosine
Glucose (mg/dL)
Glucose (mg/dL)
Insulin (ng/mL)
4 3 2 1 0
# #
2 1 0
* *
#
A10
A100
Control
A10
A100
30
60
120
30
60
Blood pressure
# #
iAUC glucose
HOMA-R
15 10 5 0 Control
250
iAUC insulin
8000
A10
A100
Control
A10
A100