0505

25

tvif;&eH@

*sme,f

trSwf(5)? azaz:0g7Dv 2011 ckeSpf

t&if;&Sifopfqk donfrnfonfuk d&nf!$ef;xm;oenf;? Tpmpkuk dem;vnf &eftwGufTa0g[m&uk dyxr&Sif;vif;cJ h&rnf? t&if;&Sifopfqk donfrSm

Neoliberalism

uk djrefrmhem;ESif hqDavsmfatmifjrefrmr_ðyvk dufjcif;jzpfonf?

Neo

.t"dy` g,frSm topf/

Liberalism

. t"dy` g,fudkrl t&if;&Sif[k vG,fulatmif bmomjyefay;vkdufonf? TtwGufta=umif;&S dygonf? t&if;&Sifrsm;u ,cktcg olwk d @uk d,folwk d@ 'Drk dua&pD[kt+rJajymae=uonf? od k @aomfolwk d @'Drk dua&pD. aemufuG,fwGif

Liberalism

u v#KdŒ0Sufvufv#Kdóud;uk dif xm;onf? xk d @a=umif h

Liberalism

uk dt&if;&Sif[kyifjrefrmqefqefjrefrmjyefvk duf onf? Tae&mwGifoifcef;pm,lp&mwpfckuk d“xm;yacsrd/ igh0ef&S dcJ h” [laom tif;0 acwfpmqk dausmf&Sifr[m&Ïom&. pmom;tvm; &Sif;jyajymjycJ h&efwm0ef&S donf[k cHpm;rdonf? ,if;rSmtjcm;r[kwfæ rdrdwk d @u 'Drk dua&pD[laompum;vk H;uk dtrsm;}uD;ajymae=uonf? t&if;&Sif avmuYrl

post-neoliberalism

txda&mufcJh+yD? tqifht& *%ef;xkd; pDjy&ygu 1? 'Drk dua&pD 2? vpfb&,f3? eD,k dvpfb&,fvpfZif 4? eD,k dvpfb&,ftvGef[kjzpfonf? rdrdwk d @taejzif htqif h(3) qif hyifaemufusae+yD[kqk dcsifonf? owdynm uyfI aqmif&ef/ a&Smif&efwk d @uk dtcsdefrDðyvkyfEk dif&efapwemoufoufjzif hom azmfjy vkdufygonf? twWpGJr&Sdyg?

yxrtœ&m,f- tv#Hy,ftœ&m,f

ypPnf;rsm; (tajccHESif hZdrfcHypPnf;rsm;) tv#Hy,fjzpfvmaer_onfwpxuf wp yk drk dtEœ &m,frsm;vmaeonf? vlwk d @u rok H;vkduf&bJ tv[\ysufpD; ok d @r[kwf v$if hypfvk duf&jcif;wk d @u t&dyfyrm yl;wG Juyfygvmonf? &if;ES D;vk dufaom aiGa=u;yrm% . tenf;i,fr#aom tpdwftykdif;om vlwk d @ wu,fok H;pG J&aomypPnf;rsm; jzpfonf?

t&if;&Sifopf. tEW&m,fig;&yft&if;&Sifopf. tEW&m,fig;&yf t&if;&Sifopf. tEW&m,fig;&yft&if;&Sifopf. tEW&m,fig;&yf t&if;&Sifopf. tEW&m,fig;&yf

ormorwf

26

trSwf(5)? azaz:0g7Dv 2011 ckeSpf

tvif;&eH@

*sme,f

tusKd;qufrSm zG @Hòzd;qJEk difiHrsm;Y taºuG;rsm;w&pf+yD;w&pfxyfaqmif;rsm;jym; vmjcif;jzpfonf? pD;yGm;a&;ay:vpDopfrsm;/ ajr,maps;E_ef;rsm;/ touftmrcHvkyfief; rsm; ponfwkd@tm;vkH; uarmufur jzpfukefonf? tar&duefjynfaxmifpkyifv#iftaºuG;wk d @jzif hvk H;csmvnfaeaomEk difiHjzpfvmonf? 1980 u aiGa=u;jr‡KyfES H(1³2)wGif ypPnf;xGufE_ef; (1) jzpfcJ honf? tvSrf;ruGmvS? 2006 a&mufaomtcg aiGa=u; (3³5) twGufypPnf; (1) jzpfoGm;onf? tvSrf;okH;qausmfuGmoGm;onf? TonfrSm wu,fjzpfae/ &S daeonfhpD;yGm;a&;b0uk d+cdrf;ajcmufr_jzpfoGm; onf? T+cdrf;ajcmufr_ud ka&Smif&Sm;ajz&Sif;&eftwGufvlxktwGufvsmxm;aom aiGrsm;rS zJh,lvkduf&onf? tar&duefjynfaxmifpkyifv#if a':vmbDvD,H (2000) ,lok H;vkduf &onf? (wpfbDvD,H] oef;aygif;wpfaxmif)? Ek difiHi,frsm;twGufa=umufzG,fvdvdyif? wpfenf;tm;jzif hqdk&v#ift&if;tESD;tkwfjrpftay: rSDckdtm;xm; ukefxkwf vkyfr_rsm;onf rnfonfhacwfrSmrS róuHzl;onfhyrm%jzifh tvGeftu|H tqrwef}uD;xGm;vmonf? t&if;tES D;jr‡KyfES Hvkyfud kifr_ESif hxGufukefok H;pG JEk difr_onfyËdyuQjzpfae onf? tv#Hy,fypPnf;rsm;uk dvlxku rok H;pG J&bJtv[\ysufpD;oGm;onf? ok d @r[kwf tqdyfoif hypPnf;rsm;tjzpfajymif;vJoGm;onf? vlxku ay;qyf&onf ht&if;&Sifopf. yxrtEœ&m,fjzpfonf?

'kwd,tœ&m,f- orm;±d k;usenf;emrsm;tœ&m,f

obmÿywfÿef;usifysufpD;r_tEœ &m,fonfyd kqk d;onfxufqk d;vmaeonf? ukefxkwfvkyfr_wGifajymif;vJvmaom acwfopftcuftcJrsm;ESif havsmfnDatmiform; ¶kd;usenf;emrsm;ud k rajymif;vJEkdifao;jcif;/ obmÿo,HZmwrsm;ukdaemiftem*wf twGuftajrmftjrifr&S dpnf;vGwf0g;vGwfðzef;wD;ypfaejcif;/ vlom;wpf&yfvk H; twGuf toufjzpfapaom ajr/ a&/ av/ rD; tajccHrsm;uk dtqdyftawmufjzpfvmaeapjcif; wk d @onfvsifjrefvSpGmaom t&S deft[kefjzif hqkwf,kwfysufpD;jcif;qDod k @ OD;wnfaeonf? tqif hjrif hzG @Hòzd;+yD;Ek difiHrsm;u olwk d @.enf;emrsm;uk drajymif;vJao;? Tonfuk d zG @Hòzd;qJEk difiHrsm;u twk,lzk d @ óud;pm;aeonf? 2030 wGifwurB mvk H; um;tpD;a& wpf bDvD,HrS ESpfbDvD,Htxdwd k;vmrnf? ay:vpDrsm;ukdrajymif;vJEd kifygu urB muk dum;rS xGufaom tqdyftawmufrD;ckd;aiG@rsm;u tEkdif&oGm;rnf? xkdtcg urBmhobm0ywf0ef;usifuk dxdef;odrf;zkd @ rjzpfEkdifoavmuf cufcJoGm;rnf? t&if;tES D;jr‡KyfES Hr_tay: r¾dKifðy tm;xm;vGef;aom t&if;&SifEk difiHrsm;twGuf Torm;¶k d;usenf;onf tcsdef(2)ESpfr#om usefawmhonf? (2)ESpfxufausmfvGefygu &if;ES D;jr‡KyfES Hr_aiGa=u; av#mhcsypf&awmhrnf? t&if;&Sifopftay:rD Sck dae&aom zG @Hòzd;qJEk difiH rsm;twGuft&if;tES D;&p&m ta=umif;r&S dawmhay? Tvpf[mr_twGufajz&Sif;r_rSm

27

tvif;&eH@

*sme,f

trSwf(5)? azaz:0g7Dv 2011 ckeSpf

zG@Hòzd;qJEkdifiHrsm;twGuf t¶_H;om tajz&Sdonf? ynma&;u¾/ usef;rma&;u¾/ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;u¾/ ,Ofaus;r_u¾wd k @wGifvk Havmufaom aiGa=u;yrm% r&S d/ =umv#ifvk H;yg;yg;+yD; aysmufuG,foGm;rnfhtqk H;c&D;od k @ OD;wnfoGm;rnf? t&if;&Sif opf. zHG@òzd;qJEkdifiHrsm;wGif t&if;tESD;aysmufqkH;oGm;aom orm;¶kd;usenf;emrsm;tEœ &m,f - t&if;&Sifopf. 'kwd,tEœ &m,fjzpfonf?

wwd,tœ&m,f- òyuG Jr_tœ&m,f

t%kjrLpGrf;tm;ukdukefxkwfvkyfief;rsm;Y tpm;xkd;okH;pGJvmojzifhtvkyf orm;rsm; tvkyfvufrJ hjzpfukef&onf? xk da=umif hyifrdcifwd kif;jynfwGifqufvufrae Ek difawmhbJtjcm;Ek difiHrsm;wGifa&$Œajymif;tvkyform;tjzpfaps;aygpGm/ tcGif hta&;rJ hpGm/ óuH&musyef;/ iwfwvSnf hjywfwvSnf hESif hb0uk d&yfwnf&Sifoefae&aom tvkyform; rsm; ay:xGef;vm&onf?taemuf. vlr_tzJG@tpnf;csdefcGifv#m nD!Gwfr#wr_rsm; òyduGJukefonf?uav;oli,frsm;ESifhouf}uD;¶G,ftkdrsm;twGuf axmufyH ha=u;rsm; 0wfrvS/ pm;r0 jzwfawmufjiif;y,fcH&onf? qif;&Jom;vlxktwGuf tmrcHcsufrsm; =uufaysmufiSufaysmufaysmufukefonf? 0ifaiGjrif hrm;aom txufvl}uD;yk dif;rsm;yifv#ifrdrdb0uk d rdrdpdwfóudufzefwD;Ek difaom tcGif hta&;rsm; aysmufqk H;ukefonf? bÿonf aeomaeae&onf bmt"dy`g,fr# r&Sd? &mZ0wfr_/ 0efxrf;rsm;tusif hysufr_xlajymvmonf? rrSefuefaomxGufaygufjzif hvrf;rSm;a&mufolrsm; qwk d; E_ef;jzifh rsm;jym;vmonf? wkdwkda&;&aomf vl@tzGJ@tpnf;wckvkH;onf xdef;a=umif;pkpnf;r#way;aom “tap;” r&S d/ òyduGJ/ z¶k dz&J/ Ek dif&mpm; vl @tzG J@tpnf; (t&if;&Sifopf tzGJ @tpnf;uk dqk dvk donf) jzpfoGm;onf? jrefrmh¶k d;&mt"dy` g,fjzifhzGif hqk d&ygu usefaom jA[Rpkd&fw&m;okH;yg; (u¶k%m/ rk'dwm/ OayuQm) tomxm; arwWmw&m;wpfyg;yifr&S dawmh[kqd kEk difonf? urB mhwÿSrf;vk H;taeESif hajym&ygu urBmhEkdifiHrsm;tm;vk H;. av;ykHwpfykHwGif TarwWmrJ haomuyfqk dufaeonf? 'kuQonfOD;a&onf,cktcg oef;(20)ausmfae+yD? vkHavmufaom tm[m&/ ok H;a& aomufa&oef @/ tedrfhqkH; wpfukd,fa&oef@&Sif;a&; taxmuftulrsm;/ aq;ÿg;ulnDapmif ha&Smufr_/ tqif hrDynma&; ponf htajccHvk dtyf csuf avmufr#yifr&&Sdaom OD;a&onfurBmhvlOD;a& oef;(6000)wGif wpf0ufeD;yg; oef;(3000)em; uyfaecJh+yD? Ek difiHaygif;rsm;pGmwGifvGefpGmenf;yg;vSpGmaom vlenf;pk omv#ifyk HrSeftvkyftuk diftajctae&S donf? xk d @tjyifrsm;pGmaomwk dif;jynfrsm;wGifacwfrDEk difiHwckzG J ‹pnf;r_ok d @r[kwfa&S;¶k d; tpOftvm Ek difiHa'gufwk difzG J @pnf;yk Hrsm; (tap;rsm;) òyduG JysufpD;oGm;cJ h+yD? t&if;&Sifopf.