0506

30

trSwf(5)? azaz:0g7Dv 2011 ckeSpf

tvif;&eH@

*sme,f

19 &mpktapmyd kif;avmufrSm rif;rJ h0g'ud kynmwwftcsKdŒu pdwf0ifpm;pGm ody`Henf;us wnfaqmufzd k @ tm;xkwfcJh=uygw,f? oabmw&m;eJ @ vufawG @nD!Gwf atmifraygif;pyfEd kifcJ hayr,f hpdwful;,Of0g'oufoufawmhr[kwfcJ hygbl;? urB mhtvkyf orm;xkeJ @ jynfolawGtay: tenf;eJ @trsm; =oZmoufa&mufr_awmh&S dcJ hygw,f? 1864 ckESpfpufwifbm(28)&ufae@rSm yxrtifwmae&Sife,f

(First International)

vd k @ ac:wJ h urB mhtvkyform;or*~rsm;tzJ G @csKyf}uD;

(International Workingmen's Association)IWA

ud kt*FvefrSm zJ G @pnf;awmh+Adwdo#or*~vd kpD;yGm;a&;oD;oef @0g'eJ @ vGwfvyfaom EdkifiHa&;t,ltq&SdolawG/ qGpfZmvefvdk vlr_a&;0g'orm;awG/ b,fvf*sD,HEdkifiHvdkwOD;csif; t&if;tES D;yd kifqd kifa&;0g'DawG/ jyifopfvd ktjyeftvSef¶d kif;yif;ulnDa&;0g'cH,lol awGeJ @twl±k&Sm;rSbmuleif

(Bakunin)

(1814-76) OD;aqmifwJ hrif;rJ h0g'DawGyg0ifcJ hyg w,f? 'DtzJ G @csKyf}uD;rSm um;vfrwfjyifqifa&;qJ GwJ htaxGaxGvkyfief;pOfrl}uD;ud kvufcH twnfðy jyÏmef;cJhwmjzpfygw,f?1870 ckESpfrSmawmh rwf0g'orm;awGeJ @ rif;rJh0g'orm;awG=um; 0g'a&;&m wd kufyJ GawGay:aygufcJhw,f? yJ&pfuGefjrL;ud kta=umif;ðy+yD; oabmxm;awGuJ GvJ GcJ hwm yg? 'DtzJ G @csKyf}uD;

IWA

[m avmavmq,ftm;jzif htvkyform;wd k @&JŒ epfemcsufrsm;eJ @ tcGif hta&;qH k;¶_ H;aer_wd k @twGufud k,fpm;ðywd kufyJ G0ifaewJ hA[d kXmecsKyfwckom r[kwfbJ aemiftem*wfrSm tvkyform;vlwef;pm;/ Ed kifiHa&;tm%meJ @ qd k&S,fvpfvlr_taqmuf ttH kopfxlaxmifa&;twGuftajccHpnf;±H k;a&;eJ @ avhusif hynmay;a&; A[d kody` Hausmif; }uD;wckvnf; jzpfw,fvd k @ um;vfrwfu wifjycJ hygw,f? yJ&pfuGefjrL;[m tvkyform; vlwef;pm;&JŒ vufawG @awmfvSefa&;oabmeJ @ pGrf;&nfowW dud kjr‡if hwifay;&r,fvd k @vnf; a=unmcsufrSm xnf hoGif;a&;om;cJ hygw,f? 'DtcsufawGud kta=umif;ðy+yD; aemufyd kif; rSm jyifopf,d kif;yif;ulnDa&;0g'DawG/ +AdwdefvGwfvyfaomEd kifiHa&;t,ltqcH,lolawG eJ@vnf; oabmxm;uGJvGJcJhwJhtwGuf (1876)ckESpf zDvf',fzD;,m;òrdŒrSm usif;ycJhwJhtaxGaxGaumifpDtpnf;ta0;}uD;u azmfjyyg yxrurB mhtvkyform;or*~rsm; tzJ G @ csKyf}uD;ud kw&m;0ifzsufodrf;cJ hygw,f? (1881) ckESpfrSm bmuleifacgif;aqmifwJ hrif;rJ h0g'D

rif; rJ h0g '

oufEd kif

,ck‘rif;rJ h0g'’ pmpkud krif;rJ h0g'DwOD;&J @ aqG;aEG;r_taejzif hrdwfqufwifjyxm;jcif;jzpfygonf? (t,f'Dwm)

31

tvif;&eH@

*sme,f

trSwf(5)? azaz:0g7Dv 2011 ckeSpf

awGu zsufodrf;vd kufwJ htzJ G@csKyftrnfa[mif;ud kyJoH k;+yD; vef'efòrdŒrSm xyfrHzJ G @pnf;cJ hyg w,f? tJh'DtzJG @csKyftopfud k teufa&miftifwmae&Sife,f

(Black International)

vd k @ trnfay;ac:qd kcJ h=u+yD; 'DbufacwfrSmawmh

(Black Flag)

tvHeufvd k @ ac:qd kaeyg+yD? (1889) ckESpfrSm 'kwd,tifwmae&Sife,f

(Second International)

ud kzJ G @pnf; cJ h=uaomfvnf; rwf0g'DawGeJ @ rif;rJ h0g'DawG&JŒ tajccHuJ GvJ Gr_/ Ed kifiHwum0g'eJ @ trsKd;om; 0g'=um; jcm;em;r_/ awmfvSefa&;orm;eJ @ jyefvnfjyifqifa&;orm;=um; yÉdyuQrsm; &S dcJ h =uygw,f? (1922) ckESpfrSm rif;rJh0g'DawGeJ@ qif'Du,fvpfwdk@yl;aygif;+yD; EdkifiHwumtzJ G @csKyf}uD;udkxlaxmifcJ hygao;w,f? urB mrSm xif&Sm;wJ h tvkyform;or*~}uD;awG &SdcJhwJhteuf rif;rJh0g'DawGOD;aqmifcJhwJh teufa&miftifwmae&Sife,f

(Black International)

ac: tvHeuf

(Black Flag)

tvkyform;tzJ G @csKyf/ (1881) ckESpfZl;&pf uGef*&ufrSpwifcJ h+yD; aemifjyefvnfjyifqifa&;orm;rsm; v$rf;rd k;cJ hwJ ht0ga&miftifwm ae&Sife,f

(Yellow International)

ac: tvH0g

(Yellow Flag)

tvkyform;or*~eJ@ (1921)ckESpfrSm zJ G @pnf;cJ hwJ h

(Third International)

ac: teDa&mifEd kifiHwumtvkyform; or*~rsm;tzJ G @csKyf

(Red International of Labour Union)

tvHeD

(Red Flag)

wd k @[mxif&Sm; }uD;us,fcJ hygw,f? 'DbufacwfrSmawmh rif;rJ h0g'DawG&JŒ v_yf&Sm;r_awG[m urB mr_ðyjcif;oabm w&m;

(Globalisation)

eJ @ urB mhukefoG,fa&;tzJ G @}uD;

(WTO)

ud kqef @usifcJ h=uygw,f? tar&duefEk difiHqD,ufwJvfòrdŒrSm usif;ycJ hwJ h

WTO

tpnf;ta0;}uD;ud kqef @usifqENjy &mrSm rif;rJ h0g'DawG[m a&SŒwef;u wufºuGpGmyg0ifcJ hygw,f? tckaemufyd kif; rif;rJ h0g'D awG&JŒ v_yf&Sm;r_awG[m ajcvSrf;pdyfvmygw,f? 'gayr,f hwcsKdŒEd kifiHawGrSmawmhvGwfvyf pGm v_yf&Sm;cGif hr&ao;ygbl;? Ed kifiHwumrif;rJ h0g'DawG&JŒ nDvmcH}uD;ud k(1877) ckESpfu w}udrf/ (1907)ckESpfu w}udrfðyvkyfEdkifcJ hygw,f? wzefEd kifiHa&;tbd"mefxJrSm rif;rJh0g'eJ@ywfouf+yD; tusOf;csKyfazmfjyxm; wm&S dygao;w,f?

Anarchism

qdkwJ hrif;rJ h0g'[m *&dbmompum;

Anarchia

uqif;oufvmwmyg? “tkyfcsKyfr_uif;rJ hjcif;” qd kwJ ht"dy` g,foufa&mufygw,f? tpd k;&tzJ G @ yH ko¿mefrSefor#[m rvdkvm;tyfwJ htedÏm±HkyJjzpfw,f? tkyfpdk;olvlwef;pm; r&S dap&? vufeufudkifwyfrsm;/ w&m;±Hk;rsm;/ Oya'rsm;&Sd&ef rvdktyf? tm;vHk;udkzsufodrf;+yD;vlyk*~ dKvfwOD;csif;pD&JŒ vGwfvyfcGif heJ @ vGwfvyfpGm oif;yif;zJ G @pnf;cGif htay: vl @tzJ G @tpnf; ud k wnfaqmuf&r,f? 'Dpepfud k +idrf;csrf;pGmul;ajymif;a&muf&S dEdkifw,fvdk @vnf; ,lq ygw,f?urB mhork dif;rSm rif;rJ h0g'DawG[m ±k&Sm;Zmbk&iftvufZif'g;/ tDwvDbk&if [l;bwf/ jyifopforw umaemh/ =op}wD;,m;bk&ifr tJvZ… buf/ tar&dueforw ruUifavwd k @ud kowfjzwfcJ hygw,f? ±k&Sm;pma&;q&m}uD; vD,d kawmfpwd GKif; (1828-1910)

32

trSwf(5)? azaz:0g7Dv 2011 ckeSpf

tvif;&eH@

*sme,f

[m bmoma&;rif;rJh0g'D}uD;wOD;yg? ol@tqdkt& EdkifiHawmftpdk;&qdkwm c&pf,mefbmoma&;eJ @ tH0ifcGifusrjzpf? trSefpifppf arwWmw&m;onfom vlom;tay: v$rf;rd k; tkyfpdk;&r,f/ jynfolawG[m ppfr_rxrf;rae&pepfudk jiif;qef&r,f/ tcGefxrf;aqmif &efvnf; jiif;qefyd kifcGif h&S d&r,f/ w&m;±H k;rsm;ud kvnf; todtrSwfrðybJaevd ku aeEd kif& r,f/ 'ga=umif hxdkpepftm;vH k;ud kzsufodrf;ypf&r,fvd k @ vD,d kawmfpwd GKif;u a&;om;cJ hyg w,f? t=urf;rzufa&;/ arwWmw&m;v$rf;rdk;a&; tp&SdwJh awmfpwdGKif;&JŒrlud k tdENd, acgif;aqmif}uD; r[wWr*ENDu vufawG @usifhoH k;cJ hygw,f? taemuftdEd N,bufjcrf;rSm atm±d kAD; (od k @) eHeufcif;òrdŒawmf(od k @) t±k%fOD;òrdŒ awmfvd k @ac:wJ hEd kifiHi,fav; wpfEd kifiH&Sdygw,f? tdEd N,u *k±k}uD;wyg;eJ @ 'kwd,urB mppf aemufyd kif; jyifopfrSm tarvd k @ xif&Sm;vmwJ htrsKd;orD;}uD;wa,muf&,f1960 ckESpf aemufyd kif;rSm xlaxmifcJ h=uwmyg? ukvor*~tzJ G@0ifEd kifiHwEd kifiHjzpfovd k apmif ha&SmufcH Ed kifiHi,fav;vnf; jzpfygw,f? pmoifausmif;awG/ taqmuftODawG&JŒ tvif;tarSmif pepfawGudk obm0tvif;a&mifeJ@ toHk;csEkdifatmif pDpOfaqmif±Gufxm;ygw,f? 'DEd kifiHi,fav;&JŒxl;jcm;csufu tpd k;&/ w&m;±H k;/ ppfwyf/ Oya' pwJ hEd kifiHawmf&JŒ t*Fg&yf awGr&S dygbl;? jynfolawGu ud k,fusif hw&m;todeJ @ arwWmw&m;aygif;pyf+yD; aexdkif=u ygw,f? urB mt&yf&yfu pdwf0ifpm;olawG vuf&Sdaexd kif=uygw,f? Ed kifiHawmf/ tpd k;&/ w&m;±H k;/ vufeufud kifwyfzJ G @/ Oya'/ e,fedrdwf/ tom;t a&mif/ bmompum;/ ZmwdrmefeJ @ trsKd;*k%fawG[m usaemfwd k@&JŒ vGwfvyfr_eJ @ oif;yif; zJ G @pnf;r_awGud k[ef @wm;aeygovm;´ u&do#%rl&wDajymovd k'Dt&mawG[m urB mh +idrf;csrf;r_ud k+cdrf;ajcmufaeygovm;´ urB majr&JŒ uyfyg;vlom;awG[m vlom; tcsif; csif;&JŒ uef @owfcsKyfcs,fr_=um;rSm Asmrsm;aewkef;yJvm;´ ar;cGef;aygif;rsm;pGmud kc%xm; cJ h+yD; usaemfwd k@ rif;rJ h0g'qd kwmud k qufvufavhvm=unf h&atmifæ

rif;rJ h0g' qd kwmbmvJ

What is Anarchism?

urB mr_ðyjcif;

(Globalization)

ud kqef @usifuef @uGufwJ howif;rsm; &,lwJ h owif;pmeJ @ wDAD Gwd k @rSm rif;rJ h0g'DawGud kr=umc% azmfjyavh&S dygw,f? t"rR0g'D &mZ0wf aumifrsm;tjzpfr=umc%cs,fr_ef; o±kyfazmfjcif;ðy=uygw,f? rif;rJ h0g'D&JŒ t,ltqawG ud kawmh&Sif;vif;azmfjywm r&S doavmufygyJ? 'ga=umif hrif;rJ h0g'DawGbmtwGuf&yfwnf vJqd kwm od&S d&atmifqufvufavhvm=uygpd k @? rif;rJ h0g'DawG[m awmfvSefa&;w&yfud k,H k=unfygw,f? 'DawmfvSefa&;uawmh tvkyform;vlwef;pm;u tvkyf&SifawGeJ@ olwd k @&JŒtpd k;&awGud k ðzwfcszd k @ygyJ? +yD;awmh urB mhOpPm"eud ktrSefwu,fxkwfvkyfwJ h 'Dvlwef;pm;u xdef;csKyfarmif;ESifwJ hvl@tzJ G@