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57
tvif;&eH@
*sme,f
trSwf(5)? azaz:0g7Dv 2011 ckeSpf
aemfa0Ed kifiHEd kb,fqkaumfrwDu 2010 ckESpf Ed kb,f+idrf;csrf;a&;qkud kw¶kwf
jynfvl @tcGif hta&;eJ @ t=urf;rzufv_yf&Sm;r_ tcsdef=umjrif hpGmaqmif¶Guf&if; tusOf;us
aeolvsLa&Smifbd kud kcsD;jr‡if ha=umif; 2010 ckESpfatmufwd kbmv(8)&ufae@wGifa=unm
cJhonf?vsLa&SmifbdkrSm w¶kwftwdkuftcH pma&;q&mjzpf+yD; pmtkyf (11)tkyfESifhtufaq;rsm;pGm a&;om;cJ holjzpfonf? 1989 ckESpfwD,efeefrifta&;tcif;uwnf;u
'Drd kua&pDv_yf&Sm;r_wGift"duxif&Sm;oljzpfvmonf? 1989-91 wGif pwiftzrf;cHcJ h&
+yD;/ 1996-99 wGif'kwd,t}udrftzrf;cHcJ h&onf? +yD;cJ hwJ hq,fESpftwGif; ‘vGwfvyfwJ h
w¶kwfuavmif&Sifrsm;tzG J @’ OuUXESif h
Democratic China
r*~Zif; t,f'Dwm wm0efrsm;
,lcJhonf?vsL u w¶kwfvl @tcGif hta&;eJ@ 'Drd kua&pDawmif;qd kzd k @twGuf emrnfausmf
‘Chapter 8’
pmwrf;ud k t"du ðypka&;om;cJ honf? xk dcsmwmud k us,fus,fjyef @jyef @
jzef @a0r_a=umif h2009 ckESpfZGef(23)&ufae@wGif‘Ed kifiHawmftm%mysufpD;atmif qlyl
v_ H @aqmfr_’ Oya'jzif haemufxyf(11)ESpfaxmifcscHcJ h&onf? vuf&S d avsmifeifjynfe,f
&S Dif hcsKdΠtusOf;axmifxJwGifa&mufaeonf?
ZeD;jzpfolvsL&S D,mud kvnf; qkud kud k,fpm;oGm;r,lEd kifatmifaetdrftus,f
csKyfcsxm;aoma=umif h'DZifbm(10)&ufaemfa0Ed kifiHatmfpvd kòrdŒ qkay;yG Jtcrf;tem;
rwufEd kifbJ&S donf? aqGrsKd;om;csif;rsm;vnf; wm;jrpfcHxm;&aoma=umif h2010 ckESpf
+idrf;csrf;a&;Edkb,fqkrSm vufcH,lr,f holr&SdwJ h xl;xl;jcm;jcm;tcrf;tem; jzpfoGm;cJh&
onf? ydkqdk;wmu ukvor*~/ tmpD,Htygt0if b,fEdkifiH b,ftzGJ@tpnf;urqkdw¶kwftpd k;& òidjiifrSmpd k;wJ htwGufud k,fpm;vufcHr,ljcif;rSm ajymp&m jzpfcJ h&onf?
atmufazmfjyyg pmwrf;rSm 2005 ckESpf atmufwkdbmv(19)&ufae@wGifw¶kwfuGefjrLepfygwDu jzef @csdwJ h‘w¶kwfjynf'Drd ku&ufwpfEd k fifiHa&;wnfaqmufr_’ puUL
jzL pmwrf;ud kvsLa&Smifbd ku wk H @jyefa&;om;xm;jcif; jzpfonf? w¶kwf&JŒ {u&mZfpd k;rd k;r_/
tm%m&SiftkyfcsKyfr_&Snfvsm;wJ hordkif;a=umif;ud kpdwfraumif;}uD;pGm azmfjy&if; vlxk
vsLa&S mifbd kESif h
w¶kwf'Drd kua&pD
58
trSwf(5)? azaz:0g7Dv 2011 ckeSpf
tvif;&eH@
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twGufbmjcm;em;r_rSr&S dao;wmud kwifjyxm;onf? ‘vGwfvyfwJ hw¶kwfjynfay:
xGufr_’rSm vuf&S dtm%m&xm;wJ holawGeJ @ olwd k @ay:vpDawGxJu vmrSmr[kwf/ vlxk
yg0guaeom ay:xGufvmrnf[k ol @pmwrf;ud k tqH k;owfxm;onf?
w±kwfvlxku uGefjrLepfygwDOD;aqmifwJ h 'Drd kua&pDeJ @om xkdufwefygovm;
2005 ckESpfatmufwd kbm(19)&ufae@rSm w¶kwfjynfol@orRwEd kifiHEd kifiHawmf
aumifpDowif;jyef=um;a&;Xmeu ‘w¶kwfjynf'Drd ku&ufwpfEd kifiHa&;wnfaqmufr_’
acgif;pOfeJ @ puULjzLpmwrf;wpfckud kxkwfa0cJ hygw,f? uGefjrLepfygwDtm%m&uwnf;u
yxrqH k;xkwfa0wJ h'Drd kua&pDwnfaqmufa&; pmwrf;jzpfayr,f h'Drd kua&pDeJ @ywfouf
vd k @ qkyfqkyfud kifud kifbmtcsuftvufrSryg&S dyg?
pmwrf;&JŒ tESpfom&yd kif;rSm ‘trsKd;om;tajctaersm;qd kif&m oDtk d&D’/ w¶kwf
uGefjrLepfygwD
(CCP)
&JŒ tm%mqdkif&moDtdk&D eJ@ ‘ygwD&JŒ tod^m%fynmqdkif&moDtd k&D’ qd kwJhoH k;ckud ktajcwnfaqG;aEG;xm;ygw,f?
‘trsKd;om;tajctaersm;qd kif&m oDtd k&D’ yd kif;rSm pD;yGm;a&; tm;enf;csufawG/
vlxkaexkdifr_ t&nftaoG;edrf@usr_awGudk xnfhraqG;aEG;xm;yg? ygwDacgif;aqmifr_ae&mtwGuford kif;jzwfoef;r_t& a¶G;cs,fr_eJ @ w¶kwfvlxk&JŒ tvd kufoif ha¶G;cs,fr_udpP
ud kom tav;ay;aqG;aEG;xm;ygw,f? qdkvd kwmu wd kif;jynfacgif;aqmifr_ud kvlxkqEN
t&xufordkif;}uD;jrwfr_eJ@om zefwD;oGm;r,fvdk @ ajymxm;jcif;jzpfygw,f?
‘trsKd;om;tajctaersm;qd kif&moDtd k&D’ &JŒ &nf¶G,fcsufxJr‡m urB mvH k;qd kif&m
'Drd kua&pDpHE_ef;awGud kjiif;y,fxm;ygw,f? ta&;ygwJ htrsKd;om;tajctae qd kwmawG
ud ka&SŒwef;wifv_ H @aqmf+yD;/ vuf&S d
CCP
ygwDeJ @ tpd k;&&JΠw&m;0ifr_qd kif&m
(legitimacy)
r¶d k;rom;jy\emrsm;ud kzH k;zdxm;jcif; jzpfygw,f?
‘ygwDtm%mqd kif&moDtd k&D’ rSmawmhvuf&S dusif hoH k;aewJ hyH kpHygwDu tjrif hqH k;
tm%m&,lxm;r_udk xyftwnfðyay;xm;jcif;ygyJ? vlxktcsKyftjcm'Drdkua&pDwnfaqmufa&;jzpfjzpf/ tajccHOya'xJrSma&;xm;wJh vltcGifhta&; umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_ jzpfjzpf/ trsKd;om;v$wfawmfudpPjzpfjzpf/ ygwD&JŒ ‘'Drdku&ufwpfA[dkðya&;’trnfcH[efjyr_yJjzpfjzpf/ Oya'ðya&;vkyfief;yJjzpfjzpf/ atmufajcvlxktwGuf 'Drdkua&pDjzpfpOfawGyJjzpfjzpf/ bmyJjzpfjzpf tm;vH k;u
CCP
tm%myd kiftzG J@&JŒvrf;!$efr_ud kyJ
vd kufem=u&r,f? vlxktcsKyftjcmtm%mtwGufwu,fwrf; bmrSvkyfcGif hr&S dygbl;?
aemuf‘
CCP
&JŒ tod^m%fynmqd kif&moDtd k&D’ rSmawmhw¶kwfjynf&JŒ vuf&S d
atmifjrifr_awG[m ygwDa=umif hqdkwmudkod'd<wifa=umfjimjcif;yg? }uD;rm;wJhus¶_ H;r_
awGudk umuG,fzdk@twGuf atmifjrifr_awG csJŒum;azmfxkwfxm;wmyg? wdkif;jynfrSm
59
tvif;&eH@
*sme,f
trSwf(5)? azaz:0g7Dv 2011 ckeSpf
'Drd kua&pDpd k;pOf;r#&&S dw,fqd k&iftJ'gu ygwD&JΠtod^m%fynma=umifhvdk @ ajymqd kcsif
wmyg? ygwD&JŒ ^m%fynm}uD;}uD; acgif;aqmifr_eJ @ ðyjyifajymif;vJa&;awGvkyfEd kifcJ hwmvd k @
ajymqd kjcif;yg? w¶kwfvlxkóud;pm;tm;xkwfr_eJ @ toD;tyGif h&v'fawGa=umif hjzpfvmwm
ud k bmwpfckrStodtrSwfðy razmfjyyg?
puULjzLpmwrf;&JŒtcsKyfu vlxk&JŒ tcsKyftjcmtm%mjzpfwJh 'Drdkua&pD&JŒtxufrSm ygwDtm%m&S dw,fqd kwm wurBmvH k;ud karmif;cwfwJ hoabm oufa&muf
aeygw,f? ygwDtm%monfom tjrif hjrwfqHk;jzpfw,f? ‘vlxkt}uD;tuJu ygwD’
jzpfw,f? ‘'Drd kua&pD&JŒt}uD;trSL;u
CCP
ygwD’ jzpfw,f? trsKd;om;v$wfawmfu
ygwDtm%mydkiftzGJ@&JŒ ¶kyfao;jzpfw,f? w¶kwfjynfol@EdkifiHa&;twdkifyifcHuGef*&uf
(CPCC)
qd kwm tqifwefqm tcrf;tem;yJjzpfw,f? w&m;a&;pepfu ygwDtm%myk dif
tzG J @&JΠu&d,mwefqmyvmom jzpfw,f? vl @tcGif ha&;/ 'Drd kua&pDpwJ hpum;vH k;awG[m
pmwrf;&JΠcef;qD;vdkufumrsm;ozG,fjzpfw,f?
CCP
tm%mydkiftzG J @u xkwfa0wJ hvl@tcGif hta&;pmwrf;vd kygyJ? ,ck'Drk d
ua&pDa&;&mpmwrf;uvnf; rkom;awGjynf hESufaeygw,f? Oyrm/ puULjzLpmwrf;xJrSm
“w¶kwfjynfol @orRwEd kifiH&S dtm%mtm;vH k;ud kvlxkuom yd kifqd kifw,f” vd k @ azmfjy
xm;csuf ygygw,f? od k @aomf (1²3)bDvD,H&S dwJ hw¶kwfjynfolawGcrsm ygwDtm%myd kif
rsm; vd kovd ktarmif;cH&wJ hod k;tkyf}uD;rsm;om jzpfygw,f? wd kif;jynf&JŒ orwa¶G;aumuf
yG JrSm vlxkyg0ifzd k @ tcGif hta&; vH k;0r&S dygbl;?
aemufOyrmwpfcku pmwrf;xJrSm “ygwDwGif; 'Drdkua&pDzGHòzd;a&;” qdkwmazmfjyxm;ygw,f? 'gayr,f h (68)oef;aom ygwD0ifawGrSm ygwDaus;u|eftqif hxuf
ryd k? ygwDt}uD;tuJud ka¶G;cs,fzd k @ olwd k@rSm trSefwu,ftcGifhtvrf;r&S dygbl;?
tJ'D ‘w¶kwfjynf 'Drdku&ufwpfEdkifiHa&;wnfaqmifr_’ puULjzLpmwrf;[moufoufºuGm;vH k;xkwfxm;r_om jzpfygw,f? w¶kwfjynf'Drd ku&ufwpfEd kifiHa&; wnf
aqmufr_ Aef;jyaºuG;a=umf+yD;/ tjrifhqH k;ygwDtm%mydkiftzG J @&JŒ tm%m&SifpepftwGuf
vlxkutumuG,fay;zdk@ pmwrf;ygyJ?1949 ckESpfatmufwk dbm(1)&ufae@ armfpDwkef; wD,efeefrif&ifjyif*dwfay:
wufvm+yD;aemufwwd kif;jynfvH k;tES H @rSm vlxku “ol[m vlxktwGufr[mu,fwif
&Sif}uD;yg” qdkwJhoDcsif;ud koHòydifusL;&if hatmf[pfcJ h&ygw,f? 1984 atmufwd kbm(1)
&ufae@rSm wdef@a&Smifydef wD,efeefrif&ifjyifay:rSm wyfawGppfaq;awmh ‘[vdka&Smifydef’qd k+yD; ol @vufa0S @,rf;jy&if; Ed kifiHAdokum}uD;tjzpfeJ @ vlxktm;vH k;&JŒ axmufcHr_
&,lw,f? +yD;awmholu “vltcsdKŒ t&ifqH k; csrf;omyavhap”
(let some peopleget rich first)
ajym&if; vlvufwqkyfpmtwGufom tcGif htvrf;awGzefwD;ay;cJ hw,f?
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