tvif;&eH@

*sme,f

trSwf(5)? azaz:0g7Dv 2011 ckeSpf

(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)tar&duefawGu ajym+yD;&if;ajym wajymxJajym? ajrmufud k&D;,m;uvnf; ol vkyfcsifwmyJ vkyf+rJvkyf? tenf;qHk; orwuif*sKHtD; t+rJvkyfaewwfwmujynfwGif;0g'jzef@vkyfief;pOfaygh?òyH,rf;òrdŒawmftES H @rSm ra&wGufEd kifwJ hyd kpwmawGutjynf h? ajrmufud k&D;,m; awG&JŒ qHk;jzwfcsufcd kifrmyHku ol&Jabma=umifwJ h tar&duefiyGawGeJ @ vHk;vHk;rSrwlwJh ta=umif;? òrdŒvnfu yd kpwmjrif hjrif h}uD;wpfckrSm ud k&D;,m;jynfol @ppfwyfzG J @0ifwpfOD;u vufoD;uspfuspfqkyftar&duwd kufajryH kud kqG Jxd k;&if; atmf[pfaewJ hyHk&S dw,f? “u|Ek fyf wd k @[m wpH kw&majym+yD;&ifwu,fvkyfw,f? tvkyfryg tqHryg Avmpum;awGu|Ef kyf wd k @ rajym” wJ h? tjcm;ydkpwm}uD;awGrSmvnf; ajrmufud k&D;,m; ppfav,mOfawG rpfqd kif;'H k; vufeufawGu tar&duefòrdŒawGud kzsufqD;aewJ hyH k? tif;qufyd k;r$m;omom&S dwJ htar&d uefppfom;awGcrsm 'H H k;usnfvufeufawGatmufrSm tultnDrJ ha=umuf'l;wkefae=uwJ h yH k? ydefvSDvSDtar&duefppfom;awGud k ajrmufudk&D;,m;ppfom;wdk@u bufeufvSHpGyfeJ@ aumfwifxm;wJhyH k? 'Dvd kcyf=urf;=urf; 0g'jzef@r_awGu yd kpwmay:rSmwifruyg? ajrmufud k&D;,m; ausmif;oH k;jyÏmef;pmtkyfawGxJtxdqG Jxnf hvmygw,f? Oyrm ocsFmyH kES dyfpmtkyfwpf tkyfud k=unf h&ifolwd k @ ppfwyftiftm;}uD;yH kawGud kazmfjyyH ku “jynfol @wyfrawmfom; oH k;OD;u tar&duefacG;rom;(30) ud kokwfoif&Sif;vif;ypfvd kufonf? jynfol @ppfom;wd k @ wd kuf,lcJ haom ‘tcsKd;’rSm rnfr#&S doenf;” qd kwJ hykp> mrsKd;? ausmif;oH k;pmtkyfawGtbd"gefawGuvnf; ajrmufud k&D;,m;om;wd k @taejzif h Ed kifiHjcm;om;awGud k wd&dp> mefawGvd k‘bl;bl;’ ‘bJbJ’ ‘0kwf0kwf’ ‘[D;[D;’ atmfjrnfae =uwJ howW0gawGvd k @ jrifa=umif; zGif hqd kygw,f? ausmcsrf;avmufp&m jyuGufwpfckuawmhr=umao;cifuxkwfa0wJ h tEk ynm*sme,fwpfapmif o¶kyfazmfuGufwpfckrSm zGwfzGwfa=urGaewJh ESif;vlom;a&SŒrSm uav;wpfa,mufupm;p&mpufaoewfeJ @ &yfaewJhyH kyg? ab;u pmom;u ‘om;om; ypfowfvd kufwJ htar&duefacG;rom;’ wJ h? tJ'DatmifyGJaºuG;a=umfoHrsm;[m wu,fhvufawG@rSm ajrmufudk&D;,m;&JŒacwfaemufus+yD; ao;i,fwJ hppfvufeufrsm;eJ @ odyfqDavsmftyfpyfr_r&S dygbl;? 0g'jzef @ csuft&qd k&ifujym;rpyfaoG;raESmoef @pifwJ hud k&D;,m;vlrsKd;}uD;[m ajrmufyd kif;ppfwyf

òyH,rf; 0g'jzef @csda&;

0if;ausmf

trSwf(5)? azaz:0g7Dv 2011 ckeSpf

tvif;&eH@

*sme,f

ud kpnf;vH k;ap+yD; t&mt&mwd kif;ud kausmfv$m;atmifyG Jqifr,f hacgb%Dwyf}uD;jzpfw,f vdk@qdkygw,f?(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)'D0g'jzef @ tawG;tac:awGu trsm;uxifovd kuGefjrLepfjzpfvd k @&,fa=umif h awmh r[kwfyg? vuf0J vuf,m tdkif'Dtdkavmf*sDawGu qif;vmwmvnf; r[kwf?jyifyudk tqufjzwfzH k;uG,fxm;vdkwJ h udk&D;,m; ‘,lacs;’

(Juche)

tawG; tac:rSqif;vmygw,f? tJ'DtawG;tac:u ‘wpfyg;oludk t+rJ,HkrSm;oHo,&SdwJhtrsKd;om;a&;0g'’

(a paranoid nationalism)

ud kazmfjy+yD;/ 1940 avmufuxJu ajrmufudk&D;,m;tpdk;&vkyfaqmifyHkawGtay: xif[yfaeapwmjzpfygw,f? urB mhtjrifuvnf; ajrmufud k&D;,m;&JŒ tazeJ @om; tm%m&SifESpfa,muf a&;om;csufawGud kwnf hwnf hrwfrwfaumuf,lEd kifpGrf; r&S dygbl;? awmifud k&D;,m; qd k;vf òrdŒ

Resource Center

u ajrmufud k&D;,m;eJ @ywfoufwJ hvufvSrf;rS Dor# tcsuftvuf awGuae jyefajymae=uwmavmufygyJ?wu,fu ygwDtvkyform;owif;pm/ pm&GuftnH hpm;eJ @xkwfwJ htrsKd;orD; r*~Zif;/ ord kif;0wˆK/ 0wˆKwdk/ tbd"gef/ ausmif;oHk;pmtkyf/ yd kpwm "gwfyH kawGtm;vH k;[m ajrmufud k&D;,m; 0g'jzef @csda&; tifpwDusK;&Sif;&JŒ a'gufwd kifawGygyJ? wpfESpfb,favmuf rsm;rsm;xkwfovJqdkwm twdtusrod&ayr,fh1990jynf hvGefumv tiwfab;us aecsdefrSmawmif r&yfrem;ygyJ?ajrmufud k&D;,m; td kif'Dtd kavmf*sDu ,l*d kpvm;AD;,m;a[mif;vd ktrsKd;om;a&; oef;pGufwJ huGefjrLepf0g'rsKd;r#om r[kwfygbl;? vlrsKd;a&;tajccH }uH}uHzefzefuGefjrLepf yg? rwfufpfwd k @ vDeifwdk @yd k @cscsufawGeJ @vnf; odyfud kufnDwm r[kwfyg? od k @aomfjyify urB mtaeESif hawmhajrmufud k&D,m;ud kw&m;ao pwmvif0g'Dvd k @om xifrSwfrSm;xm; =uygw,f?wd kif;jynfyxrqH k;acgif;aqmifuiftDvfqGef;ud k'kwd,urB mppft+yD; qd kAD,uf odrf;yd kufr_u wifay;cJ hw,fqd kwm rSefygw,f? uiftDvfqGef;eJ @ol @om; uif*sKHtD;wd k @u olwd k @yk*~Kdvfa&;ud k;uG,fr_wnfaxmifwJ htcg pwmvifeJ @ armfwd k @yH kpHawGtwdkif; vd kufwk xm;w,fqdkwmvnf; [kwfygw,f? 'gayr,f hteD;uyf=unf h&ifajrmufud k&D,m;td kif'Dtd kavmf*sDrSm ckeu[mawGeJ @ uGmjcm;r_&S daew,fqd kwm &Sif;&Sif;jrifawGŒEd kifygw,f? aemuf'Dwd kif;jynfu qd kAD,ufacwf rSmaum tckuGefjrLepfvGefurBmrSmyg txD;usef+rJusefaewJh &aohwdkif;jynfwpfckygyJ? ajrmufud k&D;,m;&JŒ vlrsKd;a&;A[d kðytawG;tac:udk1910 rS'kwd,urB mppf t+yD;txdu|ef;qG,fud kpd k;rd k;cJ hwJ hzufqpf*syefwd k @u oGwfoGif;ay;cJ hwmyg? ud kvdkeDðyol *syefwd k @u olwd k @ud k,folwd k @ jrif hjrwfwJ h‘,mrmwd k’ rsKd;EG,fawGvd k @ oif=um;ay;+yD;aemuf/

tvif;&eH@

*sme,f

trSwf(5)? azaz:0g7Dv 2011 ckeSpf

1945 ckESpfupvd k @ ajrmufud k&D;,m;wd k @u tJ'D'¾m&DrsKd;ud kud k&D;,m;yH kpHoGif;+yD; quf o,faqmifvmcJ h=uygw,f?olwd k@ td kif'Dtd kavmf*sDtESpfcsKyfu ud k&D;,m;vlrsKd;[m aoG;raESmbJ aoG;oef @ wJ hvlrsKd;jzpfw,f? 'Draumif;qd k;&Gm;urB m}uD;rSm odyfrGefjrwfaumif;rGefvGef;wJ hvlrsKd;}uD; jzpfw,f? olwpfyg;ud ktxiftjrifao;wJ htrsKd;om;a&;0g'u ¶kef @&if;+yD; oli,fem rpif uav;uvm;qefr_vd k @awmhqd kEd kifygw,f? 'gayr,f htJ'DtawG;tac:uyJwd kif;jynf&JŒ xl;jcm;wJ hoGifjyifvuQ%m&yfrsm; jzpfaeap+yD;/ jyifyurB mud kacgif;ajcmufaeapwm jzpfyg w,f? wu,faphaph=unfh&if ajrmufudk&D,m;[m pwmvif0g'Dr[kwf/ vlrsKd;a&;0g'DawGomjzpfyga=umif;?(3)(3)(3)(3)(3)vlrsKd;a&;tjypfuif;pif=u,fr_/ urBmay:rSm taumif;qHk;vlrsKd;jzpfr_awGudkajrmufudk&D;,m;u ae&mwd kif;rSm crf;crf;em;em; usif;yðyvkyfygw,f? aiGpuULawGrSm vnf;azmfjyw,f? tvkyfcGifv,f,m ausmif;pmoifcef; jyuQ'def ausmif;oHk;pmtkyf awGuae tdyfrufxJtxdpG Jrufatmifazmfjy=uw,f? tjzLa&mif[m òyH,rf;ud kt"duv$rf;rd k;xm;wJ hta&mifyg? tjzLa&mifyavZm aps;¶k H/ tjzLa&mif¶k H;taqmuftODawGeJ @ ¶kyfwkrsm;? òyH,rf;ud kESif;rsm;ydwfywfumatmif zH k;v$rf;xm;wJ hyH k"gwfyH k¶d kufazmfjywwfygw,f? ESif;vd kazG;azG; jzLpifoef @&Sif;r_u olwd k @ oauFw r[kwfvm;? “usaemfwd k @Ed kifiHu t+rJwrf; rsKd;¶d k;oef @pifr_ud kt"duxm; pOf;pm;=uw,f”vd k @ ajrmufud k&D;,m; Ad kvfcsKyfwpfa,mufu awmifud k&D;,m;Ad kvfcsKyfud k2006 ckESpfawG @qH k aqG;aEG;yG Jwkef;u ajymoGm;ygw,f? quf+yD; olu “[d k;a&S;acwfuwnf;u usaemfwd k @ wd kif;jynf[m obm0tvSawGeJ @jynf hv#HwJ h wd kif;jynfyg? azG;azG;v_yfvSyaewJ hwd kif;jynf ay: rifpufwpfpuftpGef;ax;rcHEd kifbl;” vd k @vnf; cyfjywfjywfajymygw,f? tar&duef ud k tm;usaoG;aESmcsifwJ hawmifud k&D;,m;ud k&doGm;wmvnf; jzpfygw,f? ajrmufud k&D,m;ud kr=umc% twWqefolrsm;

(solipsistic)

vd k @ ac:=uw,f? vlrsKd;a&;Zmwdrme cufxefvGef;+yD; Ed kifiHjcm;om;awGud kedrf husnH hzsif;olawGvd k @ rSwf,l vGef;vd k @yg? Ed kifiHjcm;om;tm;vH k; pm&dwWt& ao;odrfnH hzsif;w,fqd kwJ htjrifvlxkxJrSm xGef;um;atmif r_dif;wdkufxm;ygw,f? txl;ojzifh *sL;awG&JŒ urBmha&;&mawGtay: =oZmv$rf;rdk;aer_udk a0zefygw,f?*syefeJ@ tar&duefawGudkvnf; t+rJypfypfESpfESpf ESpfjym;rwefqJygw,f?olwdk@udk odrf;ydkufzl;wJh *syefawGvdkyJ/ tar&duef,ef;uD;awGuvnf; rdrppfzrppfraumif;qd k;&Gm;rsKd;EG,f? b,fawmhrSðyjyifvd k @r&Ed kifwJ htJ'DvlrsKd;awGudkud k&D;,m;awGu usOfxm;&r,fwJh?