/  5
 
75
tvif;&eH@ 
*sme,f
trSwf(5)? azaz:0g7Dv 2011 ckeSpf
vkyfief;wpfckvkyfawmhr,fqk  d&if vkyf&r,f  htvkyfyrm%/ vkyfief;+yD;ajrmuf atmifvltm;/ puftm;/ ypPnf;ud&d,m rnfr# vk  dr,f? umvowfrSwfcsuf/ p &uf/ qk  H; &uf/ ukefusrnfaiGa=u;yrm% ponf  hwk  d@uk  d wGufcsuftpDtpOfa&;qG  J&ygw,f? 'gukdvkyfief;taumiftxnfaz:aqmifa&; tpDtrHvkyfw,fvk @d qkdygw,f? pDrHcsuf a&;qG  Jw,fvk  d@ okH;=uw,f? ckxk  dvkyfief;uk  dpDrHcef @cG  Jw,f 
management
vk  d@ okH;pG  Jvm=u+yD;/ ynmwpf&yf tjzpfus,fus,fjyef @jyef @ ae&m,lvmygw,f? pDrHcef @cG  Jr_ynm&yf[m 1950 avmufrSm u¾toD;oD; t&S  def,l+yD; wGifus,fvmw,f? refae*smqk  donf  htcef;u¾ oD;oef @ ay:vm+yD;/ tvkyfykdif&Sif(aiG&Sif) eJ @ vk  dif;uG  JoGm;+yD;/ tvkyf&Sifu refae*smuk  dynmonf wpfOD;vkdae&may; qufqHvm&w,f/ “t&if;usrf;” a&;onfh1850 rSm pDrHcef@cG  Jr_ ynm&yfray:ao;awmh/ “um;rwf” yif‚if;ynmuk  dodvk  dufrnfr[kwfyg/ pDrHcef@cG  Jr_ ynmpGrf;yum;onft&if;&Sif0g'uk  dyifynm&yfbufok  d @ qG  Jac:+yD; wk  d;wufzG  H @òzd;vmap w,fvk  d @ ynm&Sifwk  d @u qk  dw,f? Ek  difiHpk  Haumfyk  da&;&Sif;awGay:vm+yD; urB mw0Srf; jzef @usuf xm; pD;yGm;a&; taqmufttk  HawGuk  dxda&mufpGm OD;aqmifOD;¶Gufvkyfvmw,f?
CEO,COO, CFO
pwmawG[m OD;aqmifrefae*smawGjzpfygw,f? enf;ynm
IT
eJ@ ody`  Hynmwkd;wufvmjcif;a=umifh pDrHcef@cGJr_ynmu tvGefus,fjyefwJht0Srf;rSm vkyfief;vnfywfEkdifpGrf;&wmjzpfw,f?'Dynm&yfrwkdifrD vGefchJwJh tESpf(80)avmufu ckavmuf xkxnfyrm%}uD;rm;+yD;/ tvGefus,fjyefwJ  hvkyfief;pOf}uD;uk  dvkyfuk  difEk  difzkd @ pOf;r,f  hyk  Hawmifr&cJ  hygbl;? }uD;}uD;rm;rm; tzG  J@tpnf;&,fvkd@ ppfwyfom &SdcJhw,f/ ppfwyf&JŒtkyfcsKyfykHukd erlem ,lp&myJ &SdcJ  hw,f? tJ'D trdef @ay;tkyfcsKyfwJ  hpepfuk  d ok  H;+yD;/ puf¶kH/ oHvrf;/ b%fawG wnfaqmufEk  difcJ  hw,f? trdef @ay;pepfuk  dusif  hok  H;+yD; qif  huJck  dif;apwmuk  demcHvk  dufvkyf wJ  hvlrsm;pk}uD;eJ @ taumiftxnfaz:=uw,f? A[k  dOD;pD;pepfuk  dusif  hok  H;cJ  hw,f/ wpk  Hw&m twk  dif;twmxdvkyfaqmifEk  difwm&S  dcJ  hw,f? qk  dAD,ufjynfaxmifpk}uD; ròyduGJrDu pufr_ acwftxdzG  H @òzd;cJ  hw,f?
pDrHcef@cGJr+ynmonfom
0if;jrif  harmif
 
76
trSwf(5)? azaz:0g7Dv 2011 ckeSpf
tvif;&eH@ 
*sme,f
pDrHcef @cG  Jr_ynmu 'kwd,urB mppft+yD; tjyef @us,fvmw,f/ pD;yGm;a&; e,f y,fomru/ Ek  difiHa&;/ ynma&;/ vlr_a&;e,fy,ftzGJ @tpnf;udpPawGtxd0ifa&muf vmw,f? tcsdefuk  dpDrHcef @cGJjcif;/ rdrduk  d,frdrdpDrHcef @cGJjcif;/ rdrdpdwfESvk  H;uk  dpDrHcef @cG  Jjcif;/ pdwfzdpD;r_uk  d pDrHcef @cG  Jjcif; pwJ  hwpfOD;csif;e,fy,ftxdae&m,lvmw,f? enfvrf;opf awGxkwfaz:ay;vmw,f?A[k  dOD;pD;pepfusif  hok  H;wJ  hEk  difiHa&;pepfeJ @oGm;wJ  hEk  difiHawGòyduG  Jonfu òyduG  Jjzpf vmwJ  htcg Ek  difiHa&;pepf/ pD;yGm;a&pepfuk  dvrf;cG  JcJ  h=u&w,f? Oyrm w¶kwf/ AD,uferf rSm trdef@ay;pD;yGm;a&;pepfuae aps;uGufpDyGm;a&;pepfokd@ ajymif;vJusifhokH;cJhw,f/tajymif;tvJ pDrHcef@cGJr_ynmukd okH;wmyJ jzpfw,f?
change management
[mynmom;ygaom pDrHcef@cG  Jr_ynm jzpfw,f? tajymif;tvJqk  dwm vl @obm0 ae+rJae csifonfu wzuf/ ajymif;vJrSjzpfr,fvk  d @ qEN&S  dolu wpfzuf/ ajymif;vnf; bmrSrjzpf bl;/ rajymif;vnf; bmrSrjzpfbl;qkdonfu wzkH/ ,if;okd @ vlr_tzGJ@tpnf;Y twGif; yËdyuQuk  duk  difwG,fOD;aqmif&wJ  hynmjzpfw,f? w¶kwf/ AD,uferfpDyGm;a&; wk  d;wuf vmwm[m tajymif;tvJuk  dpDrHcef @cG  JEk  difwma=umif  hjzpfygw,f? pifumylvnf; Ek  difiHa&; vGwfvyfcGif  huk  dcsKyfxm;+yD; pDyGm;a&;zGif  hay;&if; wk  d;wufwJ  hEk  difiHwpfEk  difiH jzpfvmw,f? ok  d@aomf‚if;EkdifiHwkd @rSm 'Drk  du&ufwpfEkdifiHa&; tawG@tóuHenf;+yD; 'Drk  du&ufwpfEkdifiH a&; Eke,faeonfukdawG@Ekdifygw,f? bufr#aom zGH@òzd;wkd;wufr_rsm;
balanceddevelopment
r[kwfyg?tkyfcsKyfyk  Hpepf tm%mzGJ @pnf;ykHtaqmufttk  HrSm/ rwfapmufI tqif  hqif  h zG  J @pnf;xm;wm
tall structure
 
jzpfw,f? vkyfykdifcGif  htm%mukdtay:qk  H;tzG  J @tpnf;u ,lxm;+yD;/ pDyGm;a&;pepfyg
Command Economy
jzpfvmw,f? vlrsm;pku puf¶kyf ozG,f jzpfoGm;w,f? tjyifyef;=unf  h&ifwk  d;wufoa,mifeJ @ twGif;rSm v_  duf+yD; yk  Hysuf aewm awG @Ek  difw,f? cspm;r_u zGm;bufawmftjzpf aygufzGm;vm&w,f? u|efocif qufqHa&; wGifus,fvmw,f? wynfharG; q&marG; jzpfvmw,f/? txdef;tuGyfrJhcsdefnd‡r_ uif;rJjhcif;wkd@a=umifh txufatmuf armufarmufrmrm qufqHa&;wkd @om wGifus,fvmw,f? A[k  dtvk  dusqufqHae&wma=umif  hvl @pGrf;&nfygusqif;oGm;&w,f? A[kdcsKyfuk  difr_ukdvufawG @b0u jiif;qefvm&m/ tqifhqih  fjrif  hwuf wnf aqmufxm;wJ  htzG  J @tpnf;qk  dif&m taqmufttk  HawGuk  d/ tqif  hawGavsmhcs+yD;/ ajymif;vJ zGJ@tpnf;vm&w,f?
tall structure
 
rS
 
flat structure
 
bufokd@ ,drf;vm&w,f?
 
77
tvif;&eH@ 
*sme,f
trSwf(5)? azaz:0g7Dv 2011 ckeSpf
,if;tajymif;tvJ[m pDrHcef @cG  Jr_ynmeJ @ wygwnf; ajymif;vJjzpfay:vmwm jzpfw,f? tzGJ@tpnf;twGif; tm%mcGJa0onfhykHpHu uGef,ufykHpH jzpfvmw,f? A[kdwpfckwnf;u armif;ESifonfhykHpH aysmufoGm;+yD;/ tqifhvkduf/ u¾tvkduf/ tm%mcGJa0ay;vmw,f? uk  d,fyk  difqk  H;jzwfcsufawGeJ @ vkyfcGif  h&vmw,f? tvkyform;awGu tJ  h'Dvk  d ywf0ef;usifavxkrSm ykdaecsifvmw,f? ykdwufºuGvef;qef;vmw,f/ pGrf;&nfykdxGufvmw,f? tzG  J @tpnf;&JŒ bk  HtusKd;pD;yGm;twGuftm;vk  H;rSm wm0ef&S  dw,fvk  d @ em;vnf vmw,f? uk  d,hfuk  d,fuk  dwm0ef,lvk  dpdwf&Sifoefvmw,f? A[k  dcsKyfukdifr_av#mhcsw,f qkdwm zG  J @pnf;yk  Htaqmufttk  Huk  dtajymif;tvJvkyf&wmygyJ? tajymif;tvJvkyfwk  dif; tajymif;tvJjzpfpOfay:vmw,f? 'Dtajymif;tvJjzpfpOfukd/ OD;wnfcsufyef;wkdifqDa&mufatmif b,fvkdpDrHcef@cGJrSmvJ/ pDrHcef@cGJynm&JŒ tcef;u¾[m }uD;rm;vm&ygw,f? wygwnf; tcsdefukd pDrHcef@cGJr_awG ygvmw,f? tcsdefrD/ tcsdefukdufqkH;jzwf/wkef@jyefaqmif¶GufEkdifa&;awG[m pDrHcef@cGJr_ynmtwGuf tcsuftjcmuswJh udpPawGjzpfvmw,f? pD;yGm;a&;avmujzpfjzpf/ EkdifiHa&;avmujzpfjzpf OD;aqmifolawG[mpDrHcef@cG  Jr_ynmuk  dwwfuk  dwwf&rSm jzpfw,f? tckwGifus,faewJ  h/ rdrduk  d,fuk  dpDrHcef@cG  J jcif;/ tcsdefuk  dpDrHcef @cG  Jjcif;/ tajymif;tvJuk  dpDrHcef @cG  Jjcif; pwmawGuk  dpepfwus avhvm oif,l+yD; wwfud kwwf&rSm jzpfw,f? pDrHcef @cG  Jr_ynmrygyJ xda&mufwJ  hOD;aqmifr_ay; Ek  difrSm r[kwfyg? Ek  difiHa&;orm;wpfOD;[m EkdifiHa&;oabmw&m; em;vnf&r,f/ ork  dif; tjrif &S  d&r,f/ 'DavmufeJ @ vk  Havmuf+yDvk  d @ wcsKdŒu ,lqxm;w,f? wu,fu pDrHcef @cG  J r_ynmrwwfbJ xda&mufwJ  hOD;aqmifr_ay;Ek  difwJ  hEkdifiHa&;orm;wpfa,mufjzpfrvm Ekdifygbl;? EkdifiHa&;onfyif twwfynmjzpfw,f? oif,lavhvmrS wwfu|rf;vmwJhynm&yfjzpfw,f? Ek  difiHa&;qk  dwm tzG  J @tpnf;eJ @vkyf&wmrk  d @ tzG  J @tpnf;qk  dif&m pDrHcef @cG  Jr_/ OD;aqmifr_/ r[mAsL[mpDrHcef@cGJr_/ enf;AsL[mpDrHcef@cGJr_ pwmawGukdem;rvnf&if olOD;aqmifwJ  htzGJ @tpnf;[m avsmh&J&Jjzpf+yD; wcsdefrSm òydvJoGm;rSmygyJ? *syef&JŒpD;yGm;a&;atmifjrifr_eJ@ tdENd,&JŒ aemufususefcJhjcif;&JŒ jcm;em;r_u/ *syefu pDrHcef@cG  Jr_ynmuk  dwifoGif;+yD;/ jynfwGif;rSm &Sifoef}uD;xGm;atmif vkyfEk  difvk  d@ jzpfw,f? 'kwd,urB mppfuk  dt*FvdyfESif  htar&duefEk  difvk  dufwmu/ pDrHcef @cG  Jr_twwf ynmrSm ,SOfbufEk  difiHxufomvGefwma=umif  hjzpfw,fvk  d @ ynm&SifawGu ok  H;oyf=u w,f? wu,fu *smrefu AsL[mcif;usif;&mrSm ykdomao;w,f? pDrHr_twwfynm a=umifhtar&duefvlOD;a&[m ppfjzpfwJ  h Ek  difiHtm;vkH;&JŒ ig;yk  Hwpfyk  Hom&S  dayrJ  hwyfom; OD;a&rSm ,SOfbufeJ@ tiftm;wl v_yf&Sm;Ekdifw,f/ ppfvufeufawG ykdxkwfEkdifcJhw,f? w¶kwf/ ¶k&Sm;/ tdEN  d,/ tmz&du pwJ  ha0;vHwJ  hppfajrjyifawGtxd/ ppftiftm;awGyk  d @ Ek  difcJ  hw,f? tJ  h'ga=umif  hpDrHcef @cG  Jr_ynmwefbk  d;uk  dodvm=u+yD;/ oif,lrS&r,fqk  dwm od

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