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PowerPoint presentation to the Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations Seminar Series, University of Warwick Dr Tahir Abbas
Senior Lecturer in Sociology Director, Centre for the Study of Ethnicity and Culture University of Birmingham, UK
28 February 2006
1. Contents
An analysis of British Muslim identities, particularly in the light of the events of 7 July 2005. I will cover,
1. The migration and settlement of Muslims in Britain is elaborated upon. 2. The debates in relation to assimilation, integration and multiculturalism are discussed. 3. How radical political Islam has developed globally and how it has impacted in the local context is examined, pre- and post-7/7. 4. The discussion explores the pertinent sociological and policy relevant questions that emerge, identifying key trends and issues for the future.
2. Population (a)
1m of Britains 1.6m Muslims originate from South Asia (two-thirds are from Pakistan, under a third from Bangladesh and the remainder from India). The other half a million or so is from Middle East, North Africa, Eastern Europe and South East Asia. British Muslims remain concentrated in older post-industrial cities and conurbations in the South East, the Midlands and the North The Muslim population of London 1 million (total 7.2 million); Birmingham - 150,000 (1 million) this includes the worlds biggest expatriate Kashmiri population. Nine per cent of all British Muslims were found to be in Birmingham (ONS 2003) Scotland 60,000 (33,000 in Glasgow); Wales 50,000; N. Ireland 4000 This British Muslim population has grown from about 21,000 in 1951 to 1.6m at present (Peach in Abbas, 2005).
3. Population (b)
5. Age
Around a third of all British Muslims are under the age of fourteen. 33.8 of Muslims are aged 0-15 years (national average is 20.2 per cent); 18.2 per cent are aged 16-24 (national average is 10.9 per cent). 50 per cent of Muslims are born in the United Kingdom. 54.5 per cent of Pakistanis and 46.6 per cent of Bangladeshis are born in the UK.
6. Inequalities
Education: Ethnic minority candidates found strong evidence of bias against ethnic minority candidates within the old (i.e. pre-1992) universities. The probability of a white candidate receiving an initial offer was greater (.75) than for Pakistani or Bangladeshi candidate with equivalent qualifications (0.57).[1] Employment: Bangladeshis and Pakistanis are two and a half times more likely than the white population to be unemployed and nearly three times more likely to be in low pay.[2] Health: Self-reported diabetes among Bangladeshi men and women is six times more than the general population. [3] Housing: 77 per cent of Pakistani households are composed of owneroccupiers. They are overwhelmingly concentrated in terraced housing. About 45% of Bangladeshis are owner-occupier. Another report by Peach states that 43% of Bangladeshis live in council or housing association properties - 50% higher than the national average.[4]
Muslims characterised as barbaric, ignorant, closed-minded, terrorists or intolerant religious zealots. Attitudes still present today in the negative representation and treatment of the Muslim-other, all of which exists as part of an effort to aggrandise the established powers, legitimising existing systems of domination and subordination.
The problem is not of the faith of Islam, its more to do a reaction of lived experience the interaction with secular, liberal society Future: debates around social (community) cohesion, multiculturalism, civil society and citizenship will inform the next steps but crucial remain the factors of the economic and the social.
Madrid 2004
Netherlands 2004