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Sections

Introduction
Scales and Complexity
2.1 Time scales
2.2 L: Length scales
2.3 N: particle number
2.4 C: Complexity and Emergence
Quantum Fields
3.1 Overview
3.2 Collective Quantum Fields
3.3 Harmonic oscillator: a zero-dimensional ﬁeld theory
3.4 Collective modes: phonons
3.5 The Thermodynamic Limit
3.6 Continuum Limit
3.7 Exercises
Conserved Particles
4.1 Commutation and Anticommutation Algebras
4.1.1 Heuristic Derivation for Bosons
4.2 What about Fermions?
4.3 Field operators in diﬀerent bases
4.4 Fields as particle creation and annihilation operators
4.5 The vacuum and the many body wavefunction
4.6 Interactions
4.7 Equivalence with the Many Body Schroedinger Equation
4.8 Identical Conserved Particles in Thermal Equilibrium
4.8.1 Generalities
4.8.2 Identiﬁcation of the Free energy: Key Thermodynamic Properties
4.8.3 Independent Particles
4.9 Exercises
Simple Examples of Second-quantization
5.1 Jordan Wigner Transformation
5.2 The Hubbard Model
5.3 Non-interacting particles in thermal equilibrium
5.3.1 Fluid of non-interacting Fermions
5.3.2 Fluid of Bosons: Bose Einstein Condensation
5.4 Exercises
Green’s Functions
6.1 Interaction representation
6.1.1 Driven Harmonic Oscillator
6.2 Green’s Functions
6.2.1 Green’s function for free Fermions
6.2.2 Green’s function for free Bosons
6.3 Adiabatic concept
6.3.1 Gell-Man Low Theorem
6.3.2 Generating Function for Free fermions
6.3.3 The Spectral Representation
6.4 Many particle Green’s functions
6.5 Exercises
Landau Fermi Liquid Theory
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Quasiparticle Concept
7.3 The Neutral Fermi liquid
7.3.1 Landau Parameters
7.3.2 Equilibrium distribution of quasiparticles
7.4 Feedback eﬀects of interactions
7.4.1 Renormalization of Paramagnetism and Compressibility by interactions
7.4.2 Mass renormalization
7.4.3 Quasiparticle scattering amplitudes
7.5 Collective modes
7.6 Charged Fermi Liquids: Landau-Silin theory
7.7 Inelastic Quasiparticle Scattering
7.7.1 Heuristic derivation
7.7.2 Detailed calculation of three body decay process
7.7.3 Kadowaki Woods Ratio and “Local Fermi Liquids”
7.8 Microscopic basis of Fermi liquid Theory
Feynman Diagrams: T=0
8.1 Heuristic Derivation
8.2 Developing the Feynman Diagram Expansion
8.2.1 Symmetry factors
8.2.2 Linked Cluster Theorem
8.3 Feynman rules in momentum space
8.3.1 Relationship between energy, and the S-matrix
8.4 Examples
8.4.1 Hartree Fock Energy
8.4.2 Electron in a scattering potential
8.5 The self-energy
8.5.1 Hartree-Fock Self-energy
8.6 Response functions
8.6.1 Magnetic susceptibility of non-interacting electron gas
8.6.2 Derivation of Lindhard Function
8.7 The RPA (Large-N) electron gas
8.7.1 The RPA electron gas
8.7.2 Jellium: introducing an inert positive background
8.7.3 Screening and Plasma oscillations
8.7.4 Zero point energy of the RPA electron gas
8.8 Exercises
Finite Temperature Many Body Physics
9.1 Imaginary time
9.1.1 Representations
9.2 Imaginary Time Green Functions
9.2.1 Periodicity and Antiperiodicity
9.2.2 Matsubara Representation
9.3 The contour integral method
9.4 Generating Function and Wick’s theorem
9.5 Feynman diagram expansion
9.5.1 Feynman rules from Functional Derivatives
9.5.2 Feynman rules in frequency/momentum space
9.5.3 Linked Cluster Theorem
9.6 Examples of the application of the Matsubara Technique
9.6.1 Hartree Fock at a ﬁnite temperature
9.6.2 Electron in a disordered potential
9.7 Interacting electrons and phonons
F: the electron-phonon coupling function
9.7.2 Mass Renormalization by the electron phonon interaction
9.7.3 Migdal’s theorem
9.8 Appendix A
9.9 Exercises
Fluctuation Dissipation Theorem and Linear Response Theory
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Fluctuation dissipation theorem for a classical harmonic oscilla- tor
10.3 Quantum Mechanical Response Functions
10.4 Fluctuations and Dissipation in a quantum world
10.4.1 Spectral decomposition I: the correlation function S(t−t′)
10.4.2 Spectral decomposition II: the response function χ(t−t′)
10.4.3 Quantum Fluctuation dissipation Theorem
10.4.4 Spectral decomposition III: ﬂuctuations in imaginary time
10.5 Calculation of response functions
10.6 Spectroscopy: linking measurement and correlation
10.7 Electron Spectroscopy
10.7.1 Formal properties of the electron Green function
10.7.2 Tunneling spectroscopy
10.7.3 ARPES, AIPES and inverse PES
10.8 Spin Spectroscopy
10.8.1 D.C. magnetic susceptibility
10.8.2 Neutron scattering
10.8.3 NMR
10.9 Electron Transport spectroscopy
10.9.1 Resistivity and the transport relaxation rate
10.9.2 Optical conductivity
10.9.3 The f-sum rule
10.10 Exercises
Electron transport Theory
11.1 Introduction
11.2 The Kubo Formula
11.3 Drude conductivity: diagramatic derivation
11.4 Electron Diﬀusion
11.5 Weak Localization
11.6 Exercises
Phase Transitions and broken symmetry
12.1 Order parameter concept
12.2 Landau Theory
12.2.1 Field cooling and the development of order
12.2.2 The Landau Free energy
12.2.3 Singularities at the critical point
12.2.4 Broken Continuous symmetries : the Mexican Hat Potential
12.3 Ginzburg Landau theory I: Ising order
12.3.1 Non-uniform solutions of Ginzburg Landau theory
12.4 Landau Ginzburg II: Complex order and Superﬂow
12.4.1 “A macroscopic wavefunction”
12.4.2 Oﬀ-diagonal long range order and coherent states
12.4.3 Phase rigidity and superﬂow
12.5 Landau Ginzburg III: Charged ﬁelds
12.5.1 Gauge Invariance
12.5.2 Ginzburg Landau Equations
12.5.3 The Meissner Eﬀect
12.5.4 Vortices, Flux quanta and type-II superconductors
12.6 Dynamical eﬀects of broken symmetry: Anderson Higg’s mech- anism
12.6.1 Goldstone mode in neutral superﬂuids
12.6.2 Anderson Higgs mechanism
12.6.3 Electroweak theory
12.7 The concept of generalized rigidity
12.8 Thermal Fluctuations and criticality
12.8.1 Limits of mean-ﬁeld Theory: Ginzburg Criterion
12.9 Exercises
Path Integrals
13.1 Broken symmetry, coherent states and path integrals
13.2 Coherent states for Bosons
13.2.1 Matrix elements and the completeness relation
13.3 Path integral for the partition function: Bosons
13.3.1 Many bosons
13.3.2 Time-ordered expectation values
13.3.3 Gaussian path integrals
13.3.4 Source terms in Gaussian integrals
13.4 Fermions: Coherent states and Grassman mathematics
13.4.1 Completeness and matrix elements
13.4.2 Path integral for the partition function: Fermions
13.4.3 Gaussian Path Integral for Fermions
13.5 Eﬀective action and Hubbard Stratonovich transformation
13.5.1 Heuristic derivation
13.5.2 Detailed derivation
13.5.3 Integrating out the fermions
13.5.4 Generalizations to real variables and repulsive interactions
13.6 Example: Magnetism in the Hubbard model
13.6.1 Development of the theory of Itinerant Magnetism
13.6.2 Path integral formulation of the Hubbard Model
13.6.3 Saddle point and the Mean ﬁeld theory of magnetism
13.6.4 Quantum ﬂuctuations in the magnetization
13.7 Summary
13.8 Appendices
13.9 Exercises
Superconductivity and BCS theory
14.1 Introduction: Superconductivity pre-history
14.2 The BCS Hamiltonian
14.3 Computing Tc
14.4 BCS Wavefunction and Boguilubov quasiparticles
14.5 The Nambu Greens function
14.6 Twisting the phase: the superﬂuid stiﬀness
Local Moments and the Kondo eﬀect
15.1 Strongly Correlated Electrons
15.2 Local moments
15.3 Anderson’s Model of Local Moment Formation
15.3.1 The Atomic limit
15.3.2 Virtual bound-state formation: the non-interacting resonance
15.3.3 Mean-ﬁeld theory
15.3.4 The Coulomb Blockade: local moments in quantum dots
15.4 The Kondo Eﬀect
15.4.1 Adiabaticity and the Kondo resonance
15.4.2 Renormalization concept
15.4.3 Schrieﬀer-Wolﬀ transformation
15.4.4 “Poor Man” Scaling
15.4.5 Universality and the resistance minimum
15.4.6 Nozi`eres Fermi Liquid Theory of the Kondo Ground-state
15.4.7 Experimental observation of Kondo eﬀect
15.5 Exercises
Heavy electrons
16.1 Doniach’s Kondo lattice hypothesis
16.1.1 Large N Approach
16.1.2 Mean-ﬁeld theory of the Kondo impurity
16.1.3 Gauge invariance and the composite nature of the f−electron
16.1.4 Mean-ﬁeld theory of the Kondo Lattice
16.1.5 Summary
16.2 Exercises

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