Carl Marquardt/jp MO WSLCB Extended Hours Request RES July 12, 2011 Version #3

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RESOLUTION _________________ A RESOLUTION relating to a request to the Washington State Liquor Control Board to amend State Administrative Rule WAC 314-11-070 and create a new section to allow local governments to petition the Board to establish extended hours service areas within local jurisdictions. WHEREAS, a well-planned and managed nightlife can have a profound positive impact on a local economy, generating direct tax revenues, and growing public funds through increased property value, revitalized business districts, and increased tourism; and WHEREAS, Washingtons post-Prohibition approach to liquor service, with its state-wide uniform 2:00 a.m. closing time, is increasingly in contrast to urban economies, lifestyles and general values associated with drinking and entertainment; and WHEREAS, at least 15 states across the country allow local jurisdictions flexibility to extend hours of service based on market demand and regulatory capacity; and WHEREAS, allowing local jurisdictions to modify closing times can lead to better allocation of public resources, provide a more uniform flow of patrons from venues, allow increased mobility by taxi and public transit services, and reduce the concentration of crowds; and WHEREAS, modified closing times can improve quality of life in local jurisdictions by mitigating public safety and nuisance issues associated with the uniform 2 a.m. pushout; and WHEREAS, local jurisdictions can better maximize benefits and minimize risks of flexible service hours by reviewing the successes and failures of other jurisdictions, and identifying and tailoring best practices for use in the local jurisdiction; and WHEREAS, this effort is a critical component of the broader Seattle Nightlife Initiative, which was launched July 13th, 2010 as a full suite of eight actions that together provide a comprehensive, balanced approach to managing the citys nighttime economy; and WHEREAS, this effort can only be realized with the approval of the Washington State Liquor Control Board; WHEREAS, the Executive will work with the City Council and the Liquor Control Board to develop rules necessary to implement an extended hours policy, NOW THEREFORE,

Form last revised: May 5, 2011

Carl Marquardt/jp MO WSLCB Extended Hours Request RES July 12, 2011 Version #3

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BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SEATTLE, THE MAYOR CONCURRING, THAT:

Section 1. The City of Seattle supports a request to the Washington State Liquor Control Board to modify existing WAC 314-11-070, which strictly prohibits service of any alcohol between 2 a.m. and 6 a.m., and establish new rules allowing local authorities to petition to establish extended hours service areas within their jurisdictions.

Adopted by the City Council the ____ day of ____________________, 2011, and signed by me in open session in authentication of its adoption this________ day of ______________________, 2011. _________________________________ President ___________of the City Council

THE MAYOR CONCURRING:

_________________________________ Michael McGinn, Mayor

Filed by me this ____ day of ________________________, 2011.

____________________________________ Monica Martinez Simmons, City Clerk

(Seal)

Form last revised: May 5, 2011

City of Seattle Office of the Mayor July 12, 2011 Honorable Richard Conlin President Seattle City Council City Hall, 2nd Floor Dear Council President Conlin: I am transmitting the attached proposed Resolution supporting a petition to the Washington State Liquor Control Board to allow for the creation of extended hours service areas within local jurisdictions. This effort is being proposed as part of Seattles comprehensive Nightlife Initiative, which aims to increase public safety and provide businesses with greater flexibility to adapt to the market demands of residents and visitors. If these proposed rule changes are adopted by the Liquor Control Board, Seattle will be positioned as a prime candidate to propose and successfully implement an extended hours service area. To date, we have implemented seven of the eight components of the Seattle Nightlife Initiative. These proactive and strategic steps allow us to better manage areas of nighttime activity, and have made a measurable impact to increasing nightlife public safety. Seattles diverse lifestyle and economy, as well as conventioneers and visitors accustomed to more modern liquor laws, create demand for nightlife that extends beyond existing entertainment hours. This is evident in two recent polls, in which more than 75% of over 4,000 participants supported extended hours in Seattle. Despite market demand for later hours of entertainment, and apparent cultural acceptance of the concept, Seattle venues are not currently allowed to accommodate socializing and entertainment after 2 a.m. Across the country, at least 15 states allow local jurisdictions substantial authority to determine or extend hours of service based on market demand and regulatory capacity, and at least 18 jurisdictions have established liquor service hours later than 2 a.m. As a progressive and adaptable city, Seattle is well-suited to join these cities by adopting a more flexible urban policy that accommodates diverse lifestyles and entertainment choices. Thank you for your consideration of this legislation. Sincerely,

Michael McGinn Mayor of Seattle cc: Honorable Members of the Seattle City Council Seattle City Attorney Pete Holmes
Michael McGinn, Mayor Office of the Mayor 600 Fourth Avenue, 7th Floor PO Box 94749 Seattle, WA 98124-4749 Tel (206) 684-4000 Fax (206) 684-5360 TDD (206) 615-0476 mike.mcginn@seattle.gov

EXTENDEDALCOHOLSERVICEHOURS

BackgroundforSeattlesproposaltotheLiquorControlBoard
th

July14 ,2011

Preparedby: SeattleMayorsOfficeStaff InConsultationwithCityDepartments

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TableofContents
I. II. a. BACKGROUNDANDSTATEMENTOFPURPOSE...............................................................................................3 POTENTIALBENEFITS.................................................................................................................................4 IncreasedPublicSafetyforResidentsandVisitors.........................................................................4

b. EconomicOpportunityandGrowth ................................................................................................5 . III. LATERCLOSINGSANDLOCALCONTROLINTHEUNITEDSTATES........................................................................8 a. Summary...........................................................................................................................................8

b. ReferencedSummary.......................................................................................................................9 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Alabama.......................................................................................................................................9 Alaska...........................................................................................................................................9 California......................................................................................................................................9 Florida.........................................................................................................................................10 Georgia.......................................................................................................................................10 Hawaii.........................................................................................................................................10 Idaho...........................................................................................................................................10 Illinois.........................................................................................................................................10 Indiana........................................................................................................................................11

10. Kentucky.....................................................................................................................................11 11. Louisiana.....................................................................................................................................11 12. Minnesota..................................................................................................................................11 13. Michigan.....................................................................................................................................11 14. Mississippi..................................................................................................................................12 15. Missouri......................................................................................................................................12 16. Nebraska.....................................................................................................................................12 17. NewJersey.................................................................................................................................12 18. Ohio............................................................................................................................................12 19. Oregon........................................................................................................................................13 20. NewYork....................................................................................................................................13 21. Nevada........................................................................................................................................13 22. Philadelphia ...............................................................................................................................13 . 23. SouthCarolina............................................................................................................................13 24. Tennessee...................................................................................................................................13

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 25. Texas...........................................................................................................................................13 26. WashingtonD.C .........................................................................................................................13 . IV. ACADEMICLITERATUREANDSUMMARYOFNATIONALANDINTERNATIONALMODELS......................................14 V. LATESERVICEHOURSANDLOCALCONTROLINTERNATIONALLY.....................................................................14 a. UnitedKingdom .............................................................................................................................15 .

b. VancouversExtendedHoursPilotProgramAdministrativeReport............................................15 VI. CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................................................17

I.

BACKGROUNDANDSTATEMENTOFPURPOSE

SeattleiscurrentlyconsideringrequestingauthorizationfromtheWashingtonLiquorControlBoardto allowonpremiselicensedbeveragestobesoldbeyondthecurrent2a.m.closingtime,withcertain explicitrestrictionsrelatingtothoseadditionalhours.Themotivationforthiseffortistoincreasethe vibrancyofSeattlesburgeoningmusicandnightlifeindustrieswhilemaintainingorenhancingpublic safety,anditisacriticalstepinthecompleteimplementationofSeattlesNightlifeInitiative. Washingtoncurrentlydoesnotallowserviceorsaleofalcoholbetweenthehoursof2a.m.and6a.m.1 TheLiquorControlBoardpromulgatesthisstandard,andhastherulemakingabilitytoamendthe WashingtonAdministrativeCodetoallowlocalextensionofservicehours.2Therefore,Seattleintendsto submitarulemakingpetitionrequestingthattheLiquorControlBoardamendtheCodetoallow municipaljurisdictionstoextendservicehours,contingentuponmeetingcertainconditionsand approvalfromtheLiquorControlBoard. Tworecentpollsfoundbroadpublicsupportforsuchanextension,withmorethan75%ofover4,000 participantsindicatingapreferenceforextendedalcoholservicehours.3Cityoutreachto14community meetingsoverthecourseof4monthsalsoshowedoverwhelmingsupport,providedthatallother elementsoftheNightlifeInitiativearecompleted.4 ThisreportsummarizesthepotentialbenefitsextendedalcoholservicewouldbringtoSeattle. Additionally,itpresentsareviewofinternationalacademicliteratureandasummaryofexisting
1 2

WAC31411070 RCW66.08.030 3 SeattleTimesMayorMcGinnproposeslettingbarsstayopenlater,orallnightEmilyHeffter,availableonlineat http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2012348256_nightlife14m.html;MayorsOffice,SeattleNightlifeInitiative: FinalSurveyResults,availableonlineathttp://mayormcginn.seattle.gov/wpcontent/uploads/2010/12/SeattleNightlife Initiativefinalresults.pdf 4 SeattleNightlifeInitiative,CommunityReport.http://www.seattle.gov/mayor/PDF/101228PRNightlifeReportFinal.pdf

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 regulationsfromotherjurisdictionsthatcanprovideguidanceforSeattlesextendedalcoholservice proposal.

II.

POTENTIALBENEFITS

Washingtonsuniform2a.m.closingtimehasplacedsignificantburdensonSeattlespoliceandother publicservicestorespondtolargecrowds,andmanagepotentialaggressivebehaviorduetotherapid releaseofthousandsofindividualsintocitystreetsatclosingtime. Seattlesdiverselifestyleandeconomy,aswellasconventioneersandvisitorsaccustomedtomodern liquorlaws,createdemandfornightlifethatextendsbeyondexistingentertainmenthours.Laterhours couldbringincreasedtourism,taxrevenue,andamoreaccessiblecitytoyoungprofessionals.

a. IncreasedPublicSafetyforResidentsandVisitors Washingtonscurrentapproachtoalcoholservice,withitsuniform2a.m.closingtime,hasplaced greaterdemandonSeattlespoliceandotherpublicservicestorespondtolargecrowds,manage potentialaggressivebehavior,anddispersecrowdstoreducenoisecomplaintsandpublicdisorder. Nightlifepatronsaremoreinclinedtobingedrinkatlastcallforalcoholservice,whichcreatesagreater riskofimpairmentandoverintoxication. Asasummaryofhowthepushoutworks:At1:30a.m.inabarestablishment,thelightsaredimmed, musicisplaying;peoplearetalkingandhavingadrink.At1:45abartenderproclaimslastcall.Within 15minutes,themusicends,lightsareturnedon,andsecurityismovingthecrowdtotheexitdoor.The patronsrespondbyquicklyfinishingtheirdrinks,withsomeorderinganotherdrinktoconsumebefore serviceendsacrossthecity.At2a.m.,thousandsofpeoplearesimultaneouslypushedoutsideontothe streets. Somearenowaggravated,andmanyarenotreadytogohome.Allthesepeoplethencompeteforcabs andpublictransportation,whichonbusynightscannotkeepupwithdemand,encouragingpeopleto drive.Thestreetsinnightlifezonesmaybecomechaotic.Ifafightbreaksoutinoneneighborhood, severalpolicemustrespondatonceduetothepotentialofalargersituationdeveloping,leavingfewer policeinotherareasthatcouldhaveaproblematthesametime.Asaresult,disproportionalpolice resourcesinthecityaretiedupdealingwiththepushoutratherthanperformingtheirotherpolice duties.Thissystemcreatesapeakdemandforenforcementservicesandconcentratesdisruptionsto residents.

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 AccordingtoSPDChiefClark Kimerer"Ourmostdifficulttime isFridayandSaturdaynightbar closing.Fundamentallythe benefitofhavingstrategic closingtimesistoavoidthat. SPDdatashowsthatwhile nightlifeismanagedwellduring mosteveninghoursthereisa significantincreaseinnightlife relatedeventsbetween12 a.m.Thisismostextremeon Saturdaynightswhenactivity spikes135%aroundclosing time(SPDdata,2010).

IncidentsatNightlifeEstablishments (Thursday Saturday,MaySeptember2010)

100 90

80

NumberofIncidents

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

Asimultaneousclosingtimecreatesasynergyofriskfactorssuchas: Increasedriskofintoxicationfromrapiddrinkingonashortschedule Largecrowdsforcedintolimitedspacewithrestrictionsonmobilitytomovequickly Increaseddemandsonpolicingservices,distractingresourcesfromotherpriorities Decreasedeffectivenessofpoliceindeescalatingmultipleincidentsofviolenceoraggression Increasedvulnerabilityofindividualstocrimeandassaults Aplantoallowvariedclosingtimescanleadtobetterallocationofresources,provideamoreuniform flowofpatronsfromvenues,allowincreasedmobilitymanagementbytaxiandpublictransitservices, andreducetheconcentrationofcrowds. b. EconomicOpportunityandGrowth Changestoalcoholservicehourscanalsotakeadvantageoftheeconomicandsocialrewardsnighttime businessesbringinmakingSeattleadestinationcity.IncreasingopportunitiesforSeattlesnighttime economicsectorwouldnotonlygeneratesignificanttaxrevenues,butitcouldalsogrowcityandstate servicefundsthroughincreasedpropertyvalue,revitalizebusinessdistricts,drivetourismandsupport localbusinesses.

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 Estimateddirecteconomicimpactof100newestablishmentsextendingservicehours
ADDITIONALBUSINESSREVENUE Additionalaverageweeklyrevenuefromfoodandbeveragesales Weeksinayear Totaladditionalannualrevenueforaverageestablishment Newlylicensedestablishments Totalcitywideadditionalannualrevenueforaverageestablishment ADDITIONALTAXFROMNEWBUSINESSREVENUE 10%salestaxonadditionalcitywideannualrevenue
1690000(STATE@.65%) 780000(CITY/COUNTY@.3%) 130000(KCFOOD&BEVERAGEDEPT.@.05%)

$5,000 52 $260,000 100 $26,000,000

$2,600,000

.686%B&Otaxonadditionalcitywideannualrevenue
122460(STATE@.471%) 55900(CITY@.215%)

$178,360

Totalannualnewsales/b&otaxrevenuefromadditionalservice ADDITIONALJOBSCREATED NewFTEpositionscreatedonaverageperestablishment Newlylicensedestablishments Totalnewjobscreated TotalwagesearnedannuallyfromnewFTEpositions($8.67/hour)

$2,778,360

2 100 200 $3,606,720

Doesnotincludeapplicationandlicensefees

Seattleisproudlyknownasacitywithvibrantentertainmentoptions.Itmaintainsthisstatus becauseofitsvibrantnightlifeandmusicindustries,whichcontinuallyreinventthemselvesandthe city.EveryyearinSeattle,newtrendsarestarted,newmusiciscreated,andnewstylesare established.Muchoftheinfluenceofthecitysnightlifeindustryisvisible,andthereforeknownto thepublicatlarge.However,thenightlifeindustryseconomicimpactisoftenminimizedand sometimesignored. Seattlenightlifeincludeshundredsofrestaurants,bars,loungesandnightclubestablishments.As thousandsofpeoplecomeandgothroughthesevenuesseekingculturalaswellassocial entertainmenttheyspendmoney.Nightlifepatronsdonotsimplypayacoverchargeandbuydrinks. Theyalsobuyclothesinshops,eatfoodinrestaurants,stayinhotelsandpayfortransportationtoand fromtheirdestinations.Inadditiontotheancillaryspendingofnightlifepatrons,thebarsandclubs themselvesspendmoneyonsuchitemsascapitalimprovementstorealestate,rent,employees, supplies,utilitiesandtaxes. Economicallysustainablecitiesnurtureandinvestindiverseeconomicopportunities.Seattlesdiverse economicprioritiesincludeanumberofindustriesthatattractandemployworkersoutsideof traditionalworkinghours.Theseincludehealthcare,biotechnology,filmandmusic,tourismand informationtechnology.Relocatingcorporationsmorefrequentlyconsiderqualityoflifetoattractand retainemployees.Providingforsocialopportunitiesfortheseworkersonalternativeschedulescould giveSeattleacompetitiveedgeintheglobaleconomy.

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 SeattlehasbeenlaudedasoneofthetopGlobalCitiesbyUrbanLandInstitute,anditistrulyan internationaldestinationforbothbusinessandleisure.Seattlecommandsahealthyconventionand meetingtrade,rankinginthetop20conventiondestinationsintheU.S.Conventionattendeesand visitorstravelfromdifferenttimezones,sometimesnotstayinglongenoughtoadapttoSeattlesPacific TimeZone.Businesstravelersingeneral,nomatterwhatcitytheirdestination,oftenarrivehungry,only tofindlocalfoodandsocialamenitiesevenroomserviceclosed.CitiessuchasLasVegas,NewYork, NewOrleansandLondoncapturevisitordollarsonthevisitorsschedules,andtherebyremainatthetop ofpreferredmeetingdestinations. Investmentindiverseeconomiessupportsacitysongoingfinancialwellbeing,allowingnewindustries toflourishasotherswane.Visitorandconventionactivityitselfischaracterizedbyperiodsofboonand scarcity.Withinthetourismindustry,foodandbeveragebusinessesrelyonadiversecustomerbase wheretheoutoftowncustomersupplementsincomefromlocalpatrons.Affordingthesebusinesses theabilitytoadjusttocapturevisitordollarswhentheyareavailableoffsetsthebusinessriskduring lulls. Nightlifeisnotsolelyarestaurantoranighttimeindustry.Itisanindustrythatissymbioticwithday timeretailstores,thefashionindustry,conventions,production,printandbroadcastmedia.Itmakes Seattleanattractiveplaceforeducatedyoungpeopletolive,benefitingeveryaspectoftheeconomy. Examplesofindustriesthataresymbioticwithnightlifeinclude: TheSeattleMusicIndustry ThemusicindustryinthecityofSeattlealonedirectlycreates11,155jobs,with$1.2billionin salesand$487millioninearnings.Whentheindirectandinducedimpactsoftheindustry areconsidered,thenumberofjobssupportedrisesto22,391,salesare$2.6billion,andlabor income is $972 million. It is estimated that the music industry in Seattle generates $90 million in state and local sales and business and occupation taxes. The industry also contributestotheregionseconomicbase,withsalesinnonlocal(export)marketsofatleast 40%.5 TheLocalFashionIndustry A recent analysisof the local fashion and apparel industry found that in 2009it generated grossbusiness revenuesof$8.3 billionanddirectlyemployed34,460people,mostlyinthe Seattlearea.Themajorityofthejobs,22,000,areinretailsales.Accordingtothestudy,the Seattle area ranks fourth in the nation in the number and concentration of fashion occupations,behindNewYork,LosAngelesandSanFrancisco.6 Overall,nightlifeandassociatedindustriesmakeSeattleamorevibrantandattractiveplaceforyoung peopletosettleandindustriestolocate.ArecentWallStreetJournalstudyrankedSeattleasthe#1city
5

Beyers,WilliamB.,Fowler,Christopher,andAndreoli,Derek,TheEconomicImpactofMusicinSeattleandKingCounty.A reportfortheMayorsOfficeofFilm+Music,(Nov.2008). 6 CommunityAttributesInternational(CAI),WashingtonStateFashionandApparelIndustryClusterStudy,(Oct.2010).

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 foreducatedyoungpeopletomovetooutofcollege.Accordingtothestudysexperts,whereyoung adultssettleisnosmallthing.People18to29arethemostmobileagegroup,andtheirpastmigration patternshavedefinedthefutureofregions,fromthelongruralexodusofthe1900stotheSiliconValley boomofthe1990s.Youthmagnetcitiesgainanenviableculturalallureandalabormarketedge.The studyspecificallycitesSeattlesnightlifeandtensofthousandsofjobsinmusicandinteractivemediaas thereasonforitssuccess.7 Marketforcesarebettingthatthesetrendswillcontinue.RecentdataindicatesthattheCityofSeattle willaccountforatleast85percentofnewapartmentsinKingandSnohomishcounties,comparedtothe pastrateofonly43%8indicatingthatyoungpeopleandnewresidentswillincreasinglychoosetolive inmoredense,walkable,andvibranturbanenvironments.Extendedservicehourswillensurethatan increasinglyurbanpopulationhastheentertainmentandnightlifechoicestheyexpectandvaluewhen choosingtoliveinthecity.

III.

LATERCLOSINGSANDLOCALCONTROLINTHEUNITEDSTATES

SomedegreeoflocalcontroloveralcoholservicehoursisrelativelycommonthroughoutAmerica:at least15statesexplicitlyauthorizethepracticeinstatuteoradministrativeregulations.Additionally,at least18statesallowalcoholservicebeyondthehoursof2a.m.OtherAmericanjurisdictionshave seriouslyconsideredgrantinglocalauthorityorextendingalcoholservicehours.

a. Summary

LaterClosings,LocalControlThroughouttheUnitedStates
Jurisdiction
Alabama Alaska California Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho

Policy
Alcoholserved24hoursadayunlessrestrictedbylocalordinance Alcoholserveduntil5a.m.unlessrestrictedbylocalordinance Consideredextendingservicehoursfrom2a.m.until4a.m.,withsupport fromSanFranciscoBoardofSupervisorsin2004 Statewideclosingtimeof12a.m.canbeextendedwithoutlimitbylocal jurisdictions LocalMunicipalitieshaveunlimitedauthoritytoextendorlimitservice hours Hawaiigivescountiescompletecontrolofoperatinghoursforalcohol service Countiescanchoosetoextenddrinkinghoursfrom1a.m.to2a.m.

WallStreetJournal,TheNextYouthMagnetCities. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703787204574442912720525316.html 8 SeattleTimes,Apartmentdevelopersbypasssuburbs,targetSeattle.Availableonlineat http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2015562249_cityapartments10.html

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Illinois Indiana Kentucky Louisiana Minnesota Michigan Mississippi Missouri Nebraska NewJersey NewYork Nevada Ohio Oregon SouthCarolina Philadelphia Tennessee Texas WashingtonD.C. Completelocalcontrolofalcoholservicehours.Chicagohasalatehour licenseprogramwhichrequiresadditionalfees Serviceofalcoholicbeveragesauthorizeduntil3a.m. Localjurisdictionscanextendclosingtimeofmidnight Noregulationofsalesatstatelevel:completelylocalcontrol Stateauthorized2a.m.closing,onlysomejurisdictionsfollow Consideredextendingservicehoursfrom2a.m.to4a.m.throughlate nightlicense. Lastcallofmidnight,butmunicipalitiescanpetitionforextendedhours Lastcallof1:30a.m.,butlargecitiescandesignateareasforextended hours Lastcallof1a.m.,butjurisdictionshavelocalcontroltoextendto2a.m. Hoursofsaleestablishedbylocalandmunicipalregulations Statewideclosingtimeof4a.m. Completelocalcontrolofservicehoursforalcoholicbeverages Closingtimeof2:30a.m. Closingtimeof2:30a.m. Norestrictiononbeerandwinehours.,butnodistilledspiritsafter2a.m. Recentlyconsideredestablishmentoflatenightlicenses Closingtimeofeither1or3a.m.dependingonestablishmentcanbe extendedbyliquorcommissionuponpetition Statewideclosingtimeof1a.m.,butlatenightlicenseinmetropolitan areasallowsclosingtimeof2a.m. Allowssaleofalcoholicbeveragesuntil3a.m.onweekends.

b. ReferencedSummary 1. Alabama InAlabamaalcoholmaybeserved24hoursadayunlessrestrictedbylocalordinances.9 2. Alaska InAlaskaalcoholmaybeserveduntil5a.m.unlessrestrictedbylocalordinance.10 3. California LikeWashington,Californiadoesnotallowalcoholservicepast2a.m.However,Californiagave seriousthoughttoextendingitsalcoholservicehoursfrom2a.m.to4a.m.in2004.Thismeasure, whichwouldhaveallowedcitieswithover500,000peopletohaveextendedservicehours,was supportedfrombySanFranciscosBoardofSupervisorsandsomestatelegislators,butultimately didnotbecomealaw.11
9

AlabamaCode1975283A25(a)(20&21) AlaskaStatute04.16.010 11 DrinkUntilFoura.m.?MaybeJaimeFelippo,GoldenGatePress,February12,2004.Availableonlineat th http://xpress.sfsu.edu/archives/arts/000601.html,accessedJuly6 ,2011.

10

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 4. Florida Floridahasastatewideclosingtimeof12a.m.However,citiesandcountiescanextendoperating hoursbeyondstatelaw.12Numerouscountiesandcitieshaveextendedservicehoursbeyond12 a.m.includingMiami,whichhasvirtuallynorestrictions.Othershaverecentlyextendedservice hoursfrom2a.m.until3a.m.,includingthecityofSt.PetersburgandPinellasCounty.13 5. Georgia LastcallinGeorgiavariesbycountyaccordingtostatute,withlocalmunicipalitieshavingthepower toextendorlimitservicehours.14Atlanta,whichhasa3a.m.closingtime,hasconsideredafee basedlatenightlicenseforextendedservicehours.Itsmainproponent,Atlantacitycouncilman CeasarMitchell,notedthattherewouldbeamultipliereffectonotherbusinessesfromincreased numbersofvisitorsandthattogetherwithlicensefeestheboostoftaxrevenuewouldmorethan payforanyincreasedenforcementcosts.15 6. Hawaii ThestateofHawaiigivescountiescompletecontrolofoperatinghoursforalcoholservice.16An exampleofthislocalcontrolisthecountyofHonolulu,whichhasageneralbaronservicebeyond2 a.m.,buthasdecidedtoallowhotelsandcabaretstoservealcoholuntil4a.m.17 7. Idaho ThestandardclosingtimeinIdahois1a.m.,butcountiescanchoosetoextenddrinkinghoursuntil2 a.m.byordinance.18 8. Illinois Illinoisallowscompletelocalcontrolofalcoholservicehours.19JustlikeWashington,Chicagohas adoptedastandardclosingtimeof2a.m.(albeitwith3a.m.closingonSunday).20However, businessesinChicagomayapplyforalatehourlicense,whichextendsclosingtimeuntil4a.m. MondaySaturdayanduntil5a.m.onSunday.Theadditionalcostofthelatenightlicenseis$4,440 foratwoyearperiod.
12 13

FloridaStatute562.14(1). Alcoholservingtimeextendedto3a.m.SuzettePorterforTampaBayNewspapersWeekly,July27,2010.Availableonline athttp://www.tbnweekly.com/pinellas_county/content_articles/072710_pco01.txt. 14 GeorgiaCompRulesandRegulations56022,56023. 15 Planwouldextendcitysbarhours.J.ScottTrubey,AtlantaBusinessChronicle,July17,2008. 16 FloridaStatute562.14(1). 17 RulesandRegulationsoftheLiquorCommissionoftheDepartmentofLiquorControloftheCountyofHonolulu,Stateof Hawaii,Rule38(BtoE) 18 IdahoStatute23927. 19 See235ILCS5/41,235ILCS5/614) 20 ClassesofLiquorLicenses,CityofChicago,availableonlineat th http://www.cityofchicago.org/city/en/depts/bacp/supp_info/classes_of_liquorlicenses.html,accessedJuly6 ,2011.

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 9. Indiana AlcoholserviceinIndianaisauthorizeduntil3a.m.bystatestatute.21 10. Kentucky HoursofserviceinKentuckystopatmidnight.However,statutealsoallowsthelegislativebodiesof localjurisdictionstoextendthisclosingtimewithoutlimit.22 11. Louisiana Louisianadoesnothaveanystatestatutesorregulationslimitingthehoursofsaleforalcoholic beverages.Unlesslimitedbylocaljurisdictions,barshavenorestrictions. 12. Minnesota In2003MinnesotaslegislaturepassedHF0719(Law126),whichallowedbarsinMinnesotatostay openuntil2a.m.insteadof1a.m.Sincethen,severalmunicipalitieshaveextendedtheirdrinking hoursto2a.m.(essentiallyeliminatingmunicipalregulationsmorestrictthanthestatepromulgated 2a.m.closingtime),includingMinneapolis.Oneofthebillsdetractorsclaimedinthelegislative historythatextendingdrinkinghourswouldleadtomoredrunkdrivingandaccompanyinginjuries. ThestatewideresultforMinnesotawasinfactjusttheopposite.Theproportionofdeathscoming fromdrunkdrivingaccidentsdroppedfromaround40%(whereithadbeenforseveralyears)to32% aftertheenactmentofLaw126andtheadoptionofextendeddrinkinghoursbyseveralof Minnesotaslargestcities.23 OnecitythatextendeditsdrinkinghoursafterthepassageofLaw126wasDuluth,Minnesota. PoliceandMADDopposedtheextension,butayearafteritsenactment,neithergroupfound adverseconsequences.ApproximatelyoneoutofthreeDuluthbarsextendedservicehours. Subsequently,policecallsforhelpbetween1a.m.and5a.m.droppedbyalmost10%.Therewasno spikeindrunkdrivingoffenses,andnospikeinalcoholrelateddeathsaccordingtotheDuluthTraffic Bureau.24Infact,thepoliceandalcoholadvocacygroupsthatoriginallyopposedthebillwereno longeropposedtoitayearafteritspassage. 13. Michigan In2009theMichiganStateLegislatureconsideredestablishingalatenightlicenseforalcoholsales from2to4a.m.withHouseBill5056.25ThisbillwasderivedfromthenGovernorGranholms ExecutiveBudgetRecommendationwhichincludedalatenightlicenseforextendedalcoholservice hours.26Thebillallowedlocalgovernmentstoestablishentertainmentdistrictswithinwhichlate
21 22

IndianaCodeTitle7.1,Article3,Chapter1,Section14(a) KentuckyRevisedStatutes244290(3) 23 th AdrinkatallhoursBobCollins,MPRNews,July5 ,2011. 24 2A.M.LastCallDrawsFewCriticsJaneBrissettandMarkStodghill,DuluthNewsTribune. 25 SeeHouseBill5056,2009MichiganLegislativeSession. 26 ExecutiveBudgetRecommendation:IncreaseLiquorFeesandNewLiquorLicenses:HouseBill5056,2009.

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 nightsalespermitswouldbeissuedatthecostof$1,500perannuallicense.WhiletheMichigan legislationwasstatewideandincludedSundayandonpremisesales,supportersestimateditwould bringinover$13millionadditionalrevenueinlicensefeesalone.27 Onesponsor,Rep.RichardHammelnotedthat:[e]veryothermajordestinationspotinthecountry whenitcomestocitieshasthisoption.28Revenuefromthenewspecialactivitypermitswouldbe retainedentirelybythestateliquorcommissionforlicensingandenforcementcosts.29Thebillwas passedoutofcommitteebutwasnotpassedbyeitherchamberoftheMichiganStateLegislature. 14. Mississippi InMississippithelastcallstatewideismidnight,butmunicipalitiesmaypetitionthestate departmentforextendedhours.Resortareasarealsoexemptfromthemidnightclosingtime.30 15. Missouri LastcallstatewideinMissouriis1:30a.m.,butbusinesseslocatedinanareadesignatedbyalarge cityasaconventiontradeareacanapplyforanextendedlicensethatallowssalesuntil3a.m.31City andcountyregulationstypicallyrequirethebusinesstomeetacertainannualgrossamountinorder tobeeligible.AtleastoneMissourijurisdictiononlyallowsextendedhourswhenalicensedon premiseretailercanshowthattheindividualpurchaserhasaccommodationsatthatretailerforthe night,effectivelylimitingextendedhourstopayingguestsathotels. 16. Nebraska LastcallstatewideinNebraskais1a.m.,howeverin2010Nebraskapassedlegislationallowing municipalitiestoextendonpremisesalesto2.am.withtwothirdsapprovalofcityorcounty councils.32Sincethennearly100jurisdictionshaveutilizedthislocaloptiontoextendtheirservice hoursto2a.m.33Becausethisadoptionofextendedhourshasbeenveryrecent,thereisvery limitedanalysisoftheeffectsofcertainlocalitiesadoptinglaterclosinghours. 17. NewJersey Hoursofalcoholsalesareentirelyestablishedbylocalandmunicipalregulations.34 18. Ohio OnpremisesalesareallowedinOhiountil2:30a.m.35
27 28

Michiganpanelvotesforbarsstayingopenlater,DavidEggert,AssociatedPress,Oct.8 ,2009. Id. 29 ExecutiveBudgetRecommendation:IncreaseLiquorFeesandNewLiquorLicenses:HouseBill5056,2009. 30 MississippiCodeTitle352(2):Ch.04. 31 MissouriRevisedStatute311.170to311.178 32 SeeLB861(2010),codifiedatRevisedStatutesofNebraska53179. 33 Foracomprehensivelisting,see2a.m.ordinancesfiledwiththeNebraskaLiquorControlCommissionat http://www.lcc.ne.gov/2amordinance.html 34 AlcoholicBeverageControlHandbookofNewJerseyforRetailLicensees,Page15. 35 OhioAdministrativeCode4301:1149

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 19. Oregon OnpremisesalesareallowedinOregonuntil2:30a.m.36 20. NewYork NewYorkstatutesexplicitlyauthorizeserviceofalcoholicbeveragesonpremiseuntil4a.m. Additionally,NewYorkdoesnotallowlocaljurisdictiontorestrictthesehoursunlesstheydidso priorto1995.37 21. Nevada Nevadaallowscompletelocalcontrolofhoursofserviceforalcoholicbeverages.38 22. Philadelphia CouncilwomanBlondellReynoldsBrownexpressedinterestthisJuneincreationofaspeciallate nightlicensewithincreasedfees,goingsofarasaskingforfeedbackonsocialnetworkingsitesfor theproposal.39Shealsothinksthatproceedsfromtheselicensesshouldgotopublicschools. 23. SouthCarolina SouthCarolinahasnostatewiderestrictiononbeerandwinesalespast2a.m.,butdoesnotallow salesofdistilledspiritsafter2a.m. 24. Tennessee ServicehoursinTennesseeendateither3a.m.or1a.m.,dependingonthenatureofthe establishment.However,Tennesseesliquorcommission,uponpetition,canadoptrulesexpanding thehoursduringwhichitislegaltosellalcoholicbeverages,althoughanylocalgovernmentcanopt outofanysuchextension.40 25. Texas Texasstatutelimitsservicehoursto1a.m.Sundaymorningandmidnightonothernights.However, statuteprovidesexceptions:businessesincitieswithpopulationsover800,000canpay$150and receivealatehourspermitwhichallowsthemtoserveuntil2a.m.everymorning.Lesspopulated areascanalsochoosetoimplementthislatenightoptionthroughlocaladoption.41 26. WashingtonD.C WashingtonDCallowssalesuntil3a.m.onSaturdayandSundaymornings,anduntil2a.m.on weeknights.42
36 37

OregonAdminstrativeRules8450060425 NewYorkLaw:ABCAlcoholicBeverageControlArticle8Section106(5). 38 NevadaRevisedStatutesChapter2443502(b). 39 th CouncilwomanBrownonExtendingCityBarHours,RandyLobasso,PhiladelphiaWeekly,June7 ,2011 40 TennesseeCode574203(d)(5). 41 TexasAlcoholicBeverageCode105.03 42 DistrictofColumbiaCode25723.

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IV.

ACADEMICLITERATUREANDSUMMARYOFNATIONALANDINTERNATIONALMODELS

Academicliteratureislargelyinconclusiveontheneteffectofextendingclosingtimesforonpremise alcoholservice.Somejurisdictionshavehadpositiveexperiences,othershavebeenmoremixed,but thereisnotageneralconsensusthatextendedservicehoursresultingreaterpublichealthandsafety risks. In2009,TimStockwellandTanyaChikritzhsconductedathoroughreviewofpaststudiesanalyzingthe effectsofextendedservicehoursforonpremisealcoholconsumption.Theyfoundthattherehadbeen 49previousstudiesontheeffectsofextendingalcoholservicehours,althoughmanyofthemwere deficientorpotentiallymisleadingbecauseofalackofkeybaselineandcontrolmeasures.Onbalance, theauthorsfoundthatevidencesupportedthenotionthatextendinglatenightservicecouldincrease alcoholconsumptionandrelatedharms,buttherewasconsiderablevariationacrosslocalexperiences.43 ImportantlyforSeattlesproposal,theauthorsfoundthatsocialandeconomicfactorscanhavea substantialimpactontheeffectsofextendedservicehours.44Theculturesurroundingdrinkingis differentinLondon,orBrisbane,orVancouverthanitisinSeattle,andthepublicimpactsarelikelytobe differentaswell.Additionally,thearticlesconclusionnotesthatmorestudiesarerequiredtoconfirm thatextendeddrinkinghoursdoinfactleadtoincreasedconsumptionandrelatedharms,especially becausestatisticsmightbeinflatedduetoanincreasedpolicepresence.45Alternately,theauthorsalso foundthatconsumptionandharmmighthaveremainedstableinsomecases,intermsofnumbersof incidentsperindividual,butacertainuptickmightbepurelytheresultofmorepeopleutilizingextended servicehours,meaningthatextendedservicehourssimplyincreaseeconomicactivity.46 Additionally,theauthorsconclusionassumesnounderlyingchangesinenforcementorregulation. Seattlesproposalincludesseveralsafeguardsdesignedtomitigatepotentiallyharmfulresults.Thecity ofSeattlehasimplementednumerouspoliciesdesignedtodecreasealcoholrelatedviolenceanddrunk driving.Thecitywillbegoingevenfartherinthisproposalbyimplementingstrictguidelinesforlate nightlicensesdesignedtoabatetheriskofpublicdisorderandsafetyrisks.Giventhattheacademic materialisinconclusiveatbestwhennounderlyingchangestakeplace,Seattlesproactiveeffortsto curbpublicsafetyriskscouldhelptoavoidnegativeimpacts.

V.

LATESERVICEHOURSANDLOCALCONTROLINTERNATIONALLY

Inmanycitiesaroundtheworld,includingmajorcitiesinAsiaandEurope,anentertainmentculturethat includeslatenightvenuesiswellestablishedandaccepted.Nevertheless,proposalstoextendliquor
43

Dorelaxedtradinghoursforbarsandclubsmeanmorerelaxeddrinking?Areviewofinternationalresearchontheimpacts ofchangestopermittedhoursofdrinking.CrimePreventionandCommunitySafety,Vol.11(3),pp157170(2009). 44 Id.at155. 45 Id.at165. 46 Id.at162.

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 servicehourscanbecontroversial.TworelevantexamplesthatcaninformSeattlesproposalcome fromtheUnitedKingdomandfromVancouver,Canada. a. UnitedKingdom Since2003,theUnitedKingdomhasmaintaineda24/hrlicensingpolicythatallowsvenuestostayopen andservealcoholaroundtheclock.Theinitiativewascontroversialanditssuccesshasbeendebatedat length,butinanycase,Seattlecanlearnfromtheexperience. Followinglocalimplementationofextendedhours,asurveyof30policeforcescomparedthetwelve monthperiodsbeforeandafterthechange.Datashoweda1%fallinrecordedincidentsinvolving violence,disorderandvandalism,andafallof5%inseriousviolentcrimes.47Similarly,althoughsome emergencyroomshaverecordedariseinalcoholrelatedattendances,asurveyof33departmentsin EnglandandWales,undertakenin2006,concludedthattherewaslittleevidencethatthe2003Acthad anysignificanteffectonviolencerelatedinjuries.Thedata,therefore,indicateavariablepatternwith nosubstantialchangeoverall.48

TheprincipledifferencethatdistinguishestheUKsapproachfromthatofSeattleisthatintheUK,the eliminationofanestablishedclosingtimewasproposedasasingleremedytoalleviatenegative impacts.Thepolicyalsoallowedoffpremisebusinessestoextendhours,anddiscountingcontributed toagrowthinpreloading;peopleweredrinkingagreatdealbeforegoingout,oftencreating increasedriskfortheonpremisevenues. ThetakeawayfromstudyingtheUKandotherjurisdictionsthathaveimplementedextendedhoursis thatamultifacetedapproachisnecessarytofullyaddressbusinesspractices,transportation,conflict resolutionandlocalsanctionsfornoncompliance,andthusattainsustainable,positiveimpactson safetyandsociability. b. VancouversExtendedHoursPilotProgramAdministrativeReport SimilartoWashingtonState,priorto2002provincialregulationsinBritishColumbiapreventedlocal municipalitiesfromextendingalcoholservicehoursbeyond2a.m.Afterprovincialchangesin2002gave municipalitiestheoptiontoextendalcoholservice,Vancouverimplementedapilotprogramthat permittedlicensedestablishmentstoservealcoholuntil4a.m.incertainareas.WhileVancouver ultimatelyexperiencedproblemswithitsextension,itseemstheseproblemswereatleastpartiallythe resultoflimitinglicensestosmallareasandgrantingtoomanylicenseswithinthoseareas.Vancouver ultimatelymovedclosingtimesto3a.m.inthedesignatedareas.

47

Babb,Penny.2007.ViolentCrime,Disorder,andCriminalDamagesincetheIntroductionof theLicensingAct2003.London,UK:HomeOffice. 48 Conibear,Helen,HastheLicensingActof2003madeanimpactinBritain?AIMDigest,_____(2010);seealsoHough,Mike andHunter,Gillian,TwoThousandThreeLicensingActsImpactonCrimeandDisorder:AnEvaluation,inCriminology& CriminalJustice,Vol.8,No.3,pp.239260(Aug.2008).

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 InOctober2004,theCitysGeneralManagersubmittedareportthatsummarizedVancouvers experienceinextendingalcoholservicehoursandalsoexaminedthepoliciesofsixCanadiancities,six Americancities(whichincludedSeattle)andsixinternationalcitiesforbestpracticesandtocompare Vancouversextensionofservicehours.49Thereportconcludedthatoneofthekeymessagesinthis researchwasthatitisnotnecessarilythespecifichoursofliquorservicethatarecritical,buthow licensesandlicensedpremisesarecontrolled,managed,andregulated.Thisfindingsupportsan approachthatfocuseslessonthealcoholservicehoursandmoreonproperlyregulatingthelicensed premises,allowingtheeconomicbenefitoflongerhours,whileminimizingpotentialnegativeeffects. TheVancouverAdministrativeReportincludedabriefsummaryofconclusionsfromothercitieswith extendedservicehours.ThemostrelevantpositiveexperiencesforSeattlesproposedextensionof servicehours: Londonfoundthathoursofservicearenotthemostimportantissue.Ratheritishow licensesandlicensedpremisesarecontrolled,managed,andregulatedthatiscritical. Halifaxfoundthathoursofoperationbeyond2a.m.canbemanagedthroughefficient communicationandmanagement. Torontofoundthatextendedhoursforannualweeklongfestivalsresultedinahuge economicbenefit. Chicagofoundthatthebestcureforpotentialproblemsispreventionthroughastrict applicationprocess. Vancouversreportnotedthatsomecitiesexperiencednegativeresultsfromextendingalcoholhours. ThetwokeycitiesthathadnegativeexperienceswereEdinburgh,Scotland,andAuckland,NewZealand. Inthe1970sEdinburgh,Scotlandrelaxedlicensingrequirements.Afteracampaignby police,environmentalhealthbodies,localcrimepreventionpanelsandresidents associations,thecityreintroducedearlieranduniformclosingtimes.Followingthat implementationtherewasa30%reductioninalcoholrelatedviolenceanddisorder In1989Auckland,NZextendeditsservicehoursandallowed24hourlicenses. Measuredimpactsincluded:1)highlevelsofintoxicationassociatedwithlonger operatinghours;2)considerablenegativeimpactsonlocalresidents;3)policeandother resourceshadtostretchtoaccommodateincreasedantisocialbehavior,includingcrime andviolence;and4)migrationtolatenightestablishmentsfromalloverthe metropolitanarea. Theexperienceofthesetwocitiesshouldbecontrastedwiththepositiveexperiencesofothercities, andalsoshouldbequalifiedbytheVancouverAdministrativeReportsmainconclusionthatpotential
49

LiquorLicensingHoursofServicePolicyReview,VancouverGeneralManagerofCommunityServices,October5 ,2004. Availableonlineathttp://vancouver.ca/ctyclerk/cclerk/20041005/a4.htm.

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 effectsofextendedhourscanbeeffectivelymanaged.AsVancouversreportconcluded:theresearch showsthattherearewaystoreduceoreliminatenuisanceswhilemaintainingathriving,diverse,and safeentertainmentcomponentwithinamajorcity VancouversPoliceDepartmentalsofiledtwomemorandaevaluatingtheimpactofVancouverspilot program.Thereportsnotedanincreaseinviolenceinandaroundbars,andarguedthatthepromised benefitsofthealcoholextensionnamely,atrickleoutbareffectandreductioninnoiseanddisorder issueshadsimplynotoccurred.Inlightoftheseproblems,thedepartmentconcludedthatthepilot programhadnotbeensuccessful. ItappearsthattheVancouversproblemsweretosomeextentcreatedorexacerbatedby(1)the concentrationoflatenightestablishmentsdefinedareas;and(2)theuniform4a.m.closingtime,which extended,butdidnoteliminate,pushoutproblems.Further,theVancouverPolicedepartment foundthattimelyenforcementagainstbusinessforviolatingregulationswasnottakingplace, contributingtotheobservedproblemsandlackofpromisedbenefits.Finally,theVancouverPolice Departmentnotedthatconditionalapprovalsforextendedlicensesthatpermittedrevocation,along withastrongenforcementsystemandincreasedstaffingcouldalsoalleviatetheseconditions. VancouversadministrativereportprovidesguidanceforSeattlesnightlifeinitiative,whichincorporates numerousstepsinaproactivepolicytominimizeriskstopublicsafety.

VI.

CONCLUSION

ExtendedservicehourscouldbringnumerouseconomicbenefitstoSeattle,includingincreased numbersofvisitors,amorevibrantentertainmentindustry,andbroaderrecognitionasacityfriendlyto youngprofessionals. Acrossthecountry,atleast15statesallowlocaljurisdictionssubstantialauthoritytodetermineor extendhoursofservicebasedonmarketdemandandregulatorycapacity;andatleast18jurisdictions haveestablishedliquorservicehourslaterthan2a.m.Asaprogressiveandadaptablecity,Seattleis wellsuitedtoleadthestateinjoiningthesejurisdictionsbyadoptingamoreflexibleurbanpolicythat accommodatesdiverselifestylesandentertainmentchoices. However,aswithanypolicychangeinvolvingalcoholservice,therearealsopotentialrisks.Because numerousotherjurisdictionshavegrappledwiththesesameissues,Seattlecanactivelylearnfromtheir examples.Thekeyfindingfromotherjurisdictionsisthattheprimaryfactoraffectingpublichealthand safetyisnottheservicehoursthemselves,butratherthebroaderregulatoryandjurisdictional frameworkthatgovernsalcoholsales.

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 Seattleisaprimecandidatetoexploreextendedhoursofalcoholservicewithoutanincreaseinpublic riskorsafetyduetotheCityscomprehensiveapproachtonightlifesafety.Alreadyontrackareseven proactiveandstrategicstepstomanageareasofnighttimeactivity,including:(1)policetrainingforall securitypersonnelinnightclubs;(2)anuisanceordinancethatallowspolicetoissueacivilcitationfor disorderlybehavior;(3)acodecomplianceteamtocoordinatecommunicationamongkeyagencies;(4) anewamplifiednoisestandard,withescalatingpenaltiesfornoncompliance;(5)aprepaidparking program,whichallowsnightlifepatronstoleavetheircarsparkedoncitystreetsuntil10a.m.thenext morning;(6)extendedpublictransitwithacirculatorrouteamongneighborhoods;and(7)acampaign toincreaseawarenessoftaxiavailabilitythroughdesignatingmoretaxizonesinpartsofthecitywith concentratednightlifedestinations. Centraltothiscomprehensive,dedicatedprocessisthedesiretocreateplacesforpeopletomeet, socialize,sharefood,drink,listentomusic,anddance.Seattleisintheforefrontofmanycitiesin coordinatingresourcestomeettheseneedsasitsneighborhoodsevolve,integratingtheservicesof codecomplianceagencies,businessdistrictdevelopmentorganizationsandneighborhoodnetworks. Thetransitionof95institutionalworkhoursandaccompanyingsystemstoa24/7globaleconomyhas begunacrossNorthAmerica.Seattleshouldembracethistransitionandallowlicensedvenuesflexibility tomeetconsumerdemandandmakethecityamoreattractiveplacetolive,work,studyandplay.

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AdditionalWorksConsulted
Berkley,BlairJ.,andThayer,JohnR.,"Policingentertainmentdistricts,"inPolicing:AnInternational JournalofPoliceStrategies&Management,Vol.23,No.:4,pp.466491(2000). Bond,Michael,CultureandCollectiveViolence:HowGoodPeople,UsuallyMen,DoBadThings,inB. DrozdekandJ.P.Wilson(eds.),VoicesofTrauma,pp.2758(2007). Eldridge,AdamandRoberts,Marion,AComfortableNightOut?Alcohol,drunkennessandinclusive towncentres,inArea,Vol.40,No.3,pp.365374(2008). Graham,KathrynandHomel,Ross,RaisingtheBar:preventingaggressioninandaroundbars,pubs,and clubs(Willan,2008). Graham,KathrynOsgood,D.WayneWells,SamanthaandStockwell,Tim.ToWhatExtentis IntoxicationAssociatedwithAggressioninBars?AMultilevelAnalysis,inJournalofStudiesonAlcohol, Vol.67,No.3(May2006). Graham,Kathryn,Wells,Samantha&Jelley,Jennifer,``TheSocialContextofPhysicalAggressionamong Adults.''JournalofInterpersonalViolence,Vol.17,No.1,6483(Jan.2002). Plant,EmmaandPlant,Martin,Aleapinthedark?LessonsfortheUntiedKingdomfrompast extensionsofbaropeninghours,inInternationalJournalofDrugPolicy,Vol.16,No.6,pp.363368 (Dec.2005). Vingilis,E.,McLeod,A.I.,Seeley,J.,Mann,R.E.,Beirness,D.,andComptonC.P,Roadsafetyimpactof extendeddrinkinghoursinOntario,inAccidentAnalysisandPrevention,Vol.37,pp.549556(2005).

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! City!of!Seattle! "##$%&!'#!()&!*+,'-!

! .&/0!
For Immediate Release Contact: Aaron Pickus July 14, 2011 Tel: (206) 233-2650 Photos and documents: http://www.seattle.gov/mayor/media

Mayor Mike McGinn announces plan for extended service hours for Seattle nightlife

Resolution!transmitted!to!Council!will!begin!process!of!changing!state!rules!to!increase!the! vibrancy!of!city!nightlife

SEATTLE After significant public outreach and community input, Mayor Mike McGinn today announced his proposal for changing state policy to allow cities to allow extended service hours for Seattle nightlife. The mayor transmitted a resolution to the City Council supporting a petition to the Washington State Liquor Control Board (LCB) to allow for the creation of extended hours service areas within local jurisdictions. This effort is being proposed as part of Seattles comprehensive Nightlife Initiative, which aims to maintain public safety and provide businesses with greater flexibility to adapt to the market demands of residents and visitors. Weve talked to the public, weve talked to businesses, weve talked to neighbors, and this is something the community wants us to do, said Mayor Mike McGinn. The resolution launches a two-step process to extend service hours: 1. The Mayors proposal asks the LCB to build a regulatory framework to consider and approve petitions from cities to allow extended liquor service. 2. If these proposed rule changes are adopted, Mayor McGinn can then work with the public and the City Council to craft a specific proposal for extended hours service in Seattle. Seattles diverse lifestyle and economy, as well as conventioneers and visitors accustomed to more modern liquor laws, create demand for nightlife that extends beyond existing entertainment hours. This is evident in two recent polls, in which more than 75% of over 4,000 participants supported extended hours in Seattle. Despite market demand for later hours of entertainment, and apparent cultural acceptance of the concept, Seattle venues are not currently allowed to accommodate socializing and entertainment after 2 a.m.

Police resources are often challenged at 2 a.m. when everyone leaves bars. Along with the other components of the Nightlife Initiative, this will help the City maintain public safety and deploy officers more effectively. Across the country, at least 15 states allow local jurisdictions substantial authority to determine or extend hours of service based on market demand and regulatory capacity; and at least 18 jurisdictions have established liquor service hours later than 2 a.m. As a progressive and adaptable city, Seattle is well-suited to join these cities by adopting a more flexible urban policy that accommodates diverse lifestyles and entertainment choices. Council will hear the resolution in committee on July 19th, with a full Council vote to follow soon afterward. The rule change application will be submitted to the LCB by August 31st. The LCB has 60 days to decide whether to initiate the rule making process, Mayor McGinn hopes to have extended service hours implemented in Seattle in 2012. The Seattle Nightlife Initiative has eight components. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Code compliance enforcement, flexible liquor service hours, noise ordinance enforcement, security training requirements, precinct community outreach, professional development, late-night transportation alternatives, and targeting public nuisances.

Please visit http://www.seattle.gov/nightlife to find out more about the mayors Nightlife Initiative and to review the substantial progress made on of all eight components. ###

! ! !