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No. 08-1448
IN THE
 Supreme Court of the United States
 A
RNOLD
S
CHWARZENEGGER
, G
OVERNOR OF
C
 ALIFORNIA
,
ET AL
.,
 Petitioners
,—v.—E
NTERTAINMENT
M
ERCHANTS
 A
SSOCIATION
,
ET AL
.,
 Respondents
.
ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATESCOURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
BRIEF AMICI CURIAE OFTHE AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION,THE NATIONAL COALITION AGAINST CENSORSHIP AND THE NATIONAL YOUTH RIGHTS ASSOCIATIONFOR THE RESPONDENTS
Christopher A. Hansen
Counsel of Record
Steven R. Shapiro American Civil LibertiesUnion Foundation125 Broad StreetNew York, NY 10004(212) 549-2500chansen@aclu.orgDavid Blair-Loy ACLU of San Diegoand Imperial CountiesP.O. Box 87131San Diego, CA 92138(619) 232-2121 Joan E. BertinNational Coalition AgainstCensorship275 7th Avenue, Suite 1504New York, NY 10001(212) 807-6222Peter J. Eliasberg ACLU Foundation of Southern California1313 West 8th Street, Suite 200Los Angeles, CA 90017(213) 977-9500 Alan Schlosser ACLU Foundation of Northern California39 Drumm StreetSan Francisco, CA 94111(415) 621-2488
d
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES.............................iiINTEREST OF
 AMICI 
.....................................1STATEMENT OF THE CASE.........................3SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT..........................5 ARGUMENT.....................................................8I. IF CALIFORNIA’S BAN APPLIES TOTHE ONLINE SALE OR USE OF VIDEO GAMES, IT IS UNCONSTI-TUTIONAL PURSUANT TO
 BUTLERV. MICHIGAN 
 AND
RENO V. ACLU.
.9II. IF THE STATUTE DOES NOT APPLY TO ONLINE SALES, IT SERVES NOPURPOSE EXCEPT TO ABRIDGETHE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTSOF MINORS.........................................12 A. The Statute Fails to Serve Even Its Asserted Purpose If It Does Not Apply To Online Sales And GamePlay....................................................13B. The Statute’s Definitional TermsHighlight The Threat To Minors’First Amendment Rights..................16III. CALIFORNIA’S DEFENSE OF THESTATUTE EVISCERATES THEFIRST AMENDMENT FORMINORS...............................................29CONCLUSION...............................................36
 
 
ii
TABLE OF AUTORITIESCases
 
 ACLU v. Gonzales
,478 F. Supp. 2d 775 (E.D. Pa. 2007),
aff’dsub nom.
 
 American Civil Liberties Union v.Mukasey
, 534 F.3d 181 (3d Cir. 2008)........11
 ACLU v. Mukasey
,534 F.3d 181 (3d Cir. 2008)........................28
 Am. Amusement Mach. Ass’n v. Kendrick
,244 F.3d 572 (7th Cir. 2001)...................5, 30
 Ashcroft v. ACLU 
,535 U.S. 564 (2002).......................................1
 Ashcroft v. ACLU 
,542 U.S. 656 (2004).............................
 passim
 
 Bering v. SHARE 
,721 P.2d 918 (Wash. 1986).........................34
 Bolger v. Youngs Drug Products
,463 U.S. 60 (1983).......................................31
 Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union
,466 U.S. 485 (1984).....................................21
 Butler v. Michigan
,352 U.S. 380 (1957).....................6, 12, 27, 31
 Denver Area v. FCC 
, 518 U.S. 727 (1996)......34
 Dyer v. Placer County
, 27 P. 197 (1891)..........4
Entm’t Merchs. Ass’n v. Schwarzenegger,
410 F. Supp. 2d 1034 (N.D. Cal. 2005),
aff’d
556 F.3d 950 (9th Cir. 2009)................5
FCC v. Pacifica Fdt
, 438 U.S. 726 (1978)......35
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