I. Permafrost is a characteristic of which biome? Tundra II. What event is most likely to initiate primary succession? A.

Forest fire b. heavy rain c. logging d. volcanic eruption III. The number of species in an area is a measure of A. Population b. biodiversity c. niche d. autotrophs IV. Before plants can inhabit a rocky area, soil must be present. A pioneer species must start the process of soil formation for succession to take place. Which would be a pioneer species in a rocky area? A. Insects b. lichen c. weeds d. ferns V. What is the source of phosphorus in ecosystems? A. Sunlight through photosynthesis b. erosion of minerals c. fixation by microbes d. respiration of plants and animals VI. What is the best definition of an ecosystem? A. Living things in a given area b. nonliving things in a given area c. plants and animals only d. all the living and nonliving things in a given area VII. Which trophic level provides nourishment for the most organisms in the biome? a. producers b. decomposers c. carnivores d. omnivores 8. Which term refers to the oldest stage of a forests development? a. pioneer forest b. secondary forest c. climax forest d. conifer forest 9. Although nitrogen gas is abundant in the atmosphere, plants cannot use it in this form. What organism is responsible for converting nitrogen gas to a more usable form that plants can use? a. bacteria b. insects c. fungi d. viruses 10. The area that is located along the equator is BEST described as belonging to which biome? a. desert b. grassland c. tropical rainforest d. temperate forest 11. Which of the following is an abiotic factor in an ecosystem? a. predators b. earthquake c. competition d. prey 12. The biome found in temperate or tropical regions with limited precipitation characterized by grasses and nonwoody plants is the ___________________. Grassland 13. Only 10% of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Where does the rest go? Lost as heat 14. Name the material that is present for secondary succession that is not present for primary succession? Soil 15. True or False: No two species can share the same niche in the same habitat. TRUE 16. True or False: Different species can occupy niches that are very similar. TRUE 17. Name the type of symbiotic relationship that exists between a bee and a flower. Mutualism 18. Name the type of symbiotic relationship that exists between a cow and a tapeworm. Parasitism 19. Name the biome that has tall grasses, coyotes and prairie dogs with rainfall between 25-75 cm per year. Temperate grasslands 20. Name the biome that has birch, maple and hickory trees, squirrels, foxes and raccoons and an average temperature of 6-28 degrees Celsius. Temperate Forest