Rv/rRc] 2° indian Roads Congress Special Publication 13 GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS Published by the Indian Roads Congiess Copies can be had from the Se ian Roads Congress, ui se, Shahjahan Road, Ne 10001 New Delhi 1998 Price Rs. 72 (Plus packing & postage)Published in August 1973 Reprinted in April 1978 Reprinted in April 1982 Reprinted in March 1986 Reprinted in June 1990 Reprinted in January 1994 Reprinted in June 1995 Reprinted in Janvary 1998 (The Rights of Publication ond Translation are reserved) Printed at M/s. Sagar Printers & Publishers, New Delhi. (500 copies) PREFACE The Paper entitled “Guidelines for the Design of Small Bridges and Culverts” by Shri Goverdhan Lal who retired as Additional Director General to the Government of India (Roads), was published as Paper No. 167 in Volume XVIII-Part 2 of the Journal of the Indian Roads Congress. One of the main objectives of the Author in preparing this Paper was to help the Highway Engineers in the country to do the planning and design of culverts and small bridges for road projects correctly and expeditiously. The object of the Author seems to have greatly been achieved as there has been continuous demand for this Paper and every Highway Engineer has been wanting to possess it as a book of reference. The Indian Roads Congress is, therefore, indebted to the Author for his labour and ingenuity in making the above mentioned contribution which has not only helped the members of the profession, but has also assisted in accelerating the progress of road develop- ment in the country. While the Paper in its original form has still great value, the Indian Roads Congress felt that if it is revised in the light of the revised IRC Bridge Codes and the experiences gained since its first publication, it will make the Paper almost an uptodate text-book or manual for the design of culverts and small bridges. Shri Goverdhan Lal, the Author of the Paper has kindly permitted the Indian Roads Congress to revise this Paper and bring it out as a Special Publication of the Congress. The IndianRoads Congress express their high appreciation and thanks to Shri Goverdhan Lal for this kind permission. They also express their thanks to the Director General (Road Development) for kindly getting the manuscript of this Special Publication examined in the Roads Wing and for the useful suggestions offered. We are sure that this new publication “Guidelines for the Design of Small Bridges and Culverts” would prove asa useful book of reference to the Highway Engineers and also a guide to the enginecring students. CONTENTS ARTICLE 2 13 14 1s Introduction Site Inspection The Essential Design Data Empirical. Formulae for Peak Run-off from Catchment Rational Formulae for Peak Run-off from Catchment Estimating Flood Discharge from the Conveyance Factor and Slope of the Stream Estimating Flood Discharge from Flood ‘Marks on an Existing Structure Fixing Design Discharge Alluvial Streams—Lacey’s Equations Linear Waterway of Bridges ‘The Normal Scour Depth of Alluvial Streams The Normal Scour Depth of Quasi- Alluvial Streams The Effect of Contraction on the Normal Scour Depth Maximum Scour Depth Depth of Bridge Foundations (D,) Length of Clear Span and Number of Spans ul "7 ET 7 al st 55 59 6 n 9 83