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Owryk&do'DyeD

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Owryk&do'DyeD

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tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

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Owryk&do'DyeD

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Owryk&do'DyeD

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tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

Owryk&do'DyeD
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Owryk&do'DyeD

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Owryk&do'DyeD

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Owryk&do'DyeD

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b0\tjypfwdkYudk tvif;xifatmifjyjcif; udpSd\? wa0=

xdkumrb0udkomvQif? 0drkcbm0 ypKy|meH=rawGUvdkrI rsufuG,f
jyKvdkaom tjzpfvQif xifaom ypKy|mefSd\? oHa0*y'|meH=
umrab; b0ab;wdkYrS xdwfvefYaom oa[mwyPfvQif
taMumif;y'|mefSd\/
4/ ,xm obm0y#da0" vuPm ynm?
0doa,m bmoe &om?
toarm[ ypKy|mem? orm"d y'|mem/
ynm=ynmonf? ,xmobm0 y#da0"vuPm=[kwfrSef
wdkif;aom oabmw&m;udk xdk;xGif; odjrifjcif; vuPm&Sd\?
0doa,m bmoe&om=Pf\t&m tmHk"r obm0udk xGef;jy
jcif;udp&Sd\? toarm[ypKy|mem=rawGra0jcif;vQif xifaom
ypKy|mef&\
dS ? orm"d y'|mem=pdw\
f wnfMunfjcif;vQif eD;pGmaom
taMumif;y'|mef &Sd\/
5/ Om[ vuPH 0D&d,H? Oywre&oH?
toHoD'e ypKy|meH? oHa0*y'|meH /
0D&d,H=0D&d,onf? Om[vuPH=tm;opfBudK;yrf;jcif;
vuPm &Sd\? Oywre&oH=pdwfudkra&mhr&J cdkifNrJwif;&if;atmif
axmufyjhH cif; udp& \
dS ? toHo'D e ypKy|meH=rwGeYf rqkwjf cif;vQif
xifaom ypKy|mef&Sd\? oHa0*y'|meH=Zmwdab; Z&mab; Asm"d
ab; r&Pab; ponfwdkYudk awG;rdavwdkif; tvdIif;wBuD; tm;
onf;aqGUckef ESv;Hk wkejf cif;vQif eD;pGmaom taMumif;y'|mef&\
dS /

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

12

6/ crevuPm cEd? |med| o[e&om?

t"d0goe ypKy|mem? ,xmblw 'e y'|mem/
cEd=cEdonf? crevuPm=ESvHk;cdkifcHhjcif;vuPm&Sd\?
|med| o[e&om=|ted| avmu"avh BuKd uBf uKH awGUvnf;
ra&GUr,dik f onf;cH Edik jf cif;udp& \
dS ? t"d0goe ypKy|mem=olwpfx;l
wdkY usL;usL;vGefvGef 0efwmjypfzdkY jyKonfwdkYudk olodkYwpfzef
trsurf mefjzifh vSejf yefr&Sd onf;cH jcif;vQix
f ifaomypKy|mef&\
dS ?
,xmblw'e y'|mem=[kwrf eS f wdik ;f aom "roabmudk jrif
EdkifaomPfvQif y'|mef&Sd\/
7/ t0doH0g'e vuPH opH? ,mxm00dbm0e&oH?
om'kwm ypKy|meH? aom&p y'|meH/
opH=opmonf? t0doH0g'evuPH=olwpfyg;udk rSwfrSm;
,lrSm; wdrf;yg; acsmfcRwfatmif rjyKjcif;vuPm &Sd\? ,mxm0
0dbm0e&oH=rdro
d w
d ikd ;f jrifwikd ;f [kwrf eS w
f ikd ;f udo
k m tvif;zGijhf y
jcif; udp& \
dS ? om'kwm ypKy'|meH=>rufqo
kd rQ ,HMk unf& MoZm
ESpq
f D csKq
d rd t
hf aD om pum;&So
d nf \tjzpfvQif xifaomypKy|mef
&S\
d ? aom&py'|meH=ud,
k t
f rl EIwt
f rl jzLajzmifah rGUjcif; tav;
*kjyKjcif;vQif eD;pGmaom taMumif;y'|mef&Sd\/
8/ aAm"dorma&ok t0|mevuPH t"d|meH?
awoH y#dyumbdb0e&oH/
ww tpvwm ypKy|meH?
aAm"dorm& y'|meH/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

13

t"d|meH=t"d|mefonf? aAm"dorma&ok=oAnKaAm"d
yapuaAm"d om0uaAm"d[laom aAm"doHk;rsdK;wdkY\ tajcrlv
orm&jzpfukefaom 'gerI oDvrI edurrI ynmrIponfwdkY?
t0|mevuPH=ra&GUr,dkif BuHhcdkif pGJNrJjcif;vuPm&Sd\? awoH=
xdkorm&rIwdkY\? y#dyumbdb0e&oH=qefYusifbuf toif;udk
ESdyfeif; y,f&Sm;jcif;udp&Sd\? ww=wdkorm&rIwdkY? tpvwm
ypKy|meH=rvIyfr&Sm;onf\ tjzpfvQif xifaom ypKy|mef&Sd\?
aAm"dorm&y'|meH='gepaom aAm"drlvw&m;pkvQif eD;pGmaom
taMumif; y'|mef&Sd\/
9/ [dwmum&y0wdvuPm arwm?[dwlyoH[m&
&om? aomrbm0 ypKy|mem? owmeH remybm0
'e y'|mem/
arwm=arwmonf? [dwmum&y0wdvuPm=ow0g
wpfyg; aus;Zl;rsm;thaH om tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh jzpfjcif;vuPm&S\
d ?
[dwyl oH[m& &om=olwpfyg;\ aumif;usKd ;udk vGepf mG onfy;kd jcif;
udp&Sd\? aomrbm0 ypKy|mem=vjynfh0ef;uJhodkY &Tef;&Tef;MunfqG
at;jrNidrf;csrf;aom pdwfoabmvQif xifaom ypKy|mef&Sd\?
owmeH= ow0gwd\
Yk ? remybm0 'ey'|mem=ESpo
f ufz,
G af om
*kPu
f o
kd m Ijrifwwfaom PfvQif eD;pGmaomtaMumif; y'|mef
&S\
d /
10/ rZwmum&y0wd vuPm Oayum?
orbm0 'e&om/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

14

y#dCmEke, 0lyor ypKy|mem?

uruwm ypa0uPm y'|mem/
Oayu m =Oayu m onf ? rZw m um&y 0 w d v u P m=
csD;ajrmuf Iwfcs ESpfXme wlrQorI vspfvsLIaom tjcif;t&m
tm;jzifhjzpfjcif; vuPm&Sd\? orbm0'e&om=nDrQaom
oabmtm;jzifh Ijcif;udp&Sd\? y#dCmEke,0lyorypK y|mem=
rkef;onf cspfonf ESpfrnf ESpfoif; uif;Nidrf;jcif;vQif xifaom
ypKy|mef&Sd\? uruwm ypa0uPm y'|mem=b,folrjyK
rdrdrI[k tItqifjcif aumif;pGmjrifaom PfynmvQif eD;pGm
aom taMumif;y'|mef&Sd\/
wGif yg&rD q,fyg;wdkY\ toD;toD;aom oabm
vuPmudk jyqdkaomtcef; jyD;\/
-----------------

ed d w ted d w cG J e nf ;
xdkq,fyg;wdkYwGif wpfyg;yg;onf eddw? teddw [l
ESpfyg; ESpfyg;pD&SdMu\/ ed d wonfvnf; wPSmeddw? 'd|d
eddw [l ESpfyg;pD&SdMu\/
- b0orw tmucFrmaee y0wdwH 'H wPSmeddwH/
- ,H oDave ok'w
D d {0H ok''d |d ,
d m y0ww
d H 'H 'd|ed
d w
d /H
(0dok'dr*f)

- b0orw= b0orwu
d ?kd tmucFrmaee=awmifw
h vsu?f
y0ww
d =H jzpfaptyfonf&adS omf? 'H=ukov
kd rf sKd ;onf?
wPSmeddwH= wPSmudk rSDwG,fonfrnf\/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

15

- oDave=tavhtusufjzifh? ok'd=udavomrS pifMu,f\?

wd {0H=od?Yk ok''d |d ,
d m=ok''d |d jd zif?h y0ww
d =H jzpfaptyf
onfSdaomf? 'H=ukodkvfrsdK;onf? 'd|deddwH='d|dudk
rSw
D ,
G o
f nfrnf\/
eddw ukodkvf 2- rsdK;
b0orw=d abm*orwo
d n
Ykd w
G af ompdwjf zifh jyKonf&adS omf
wPSmeddwrnf\? yg&rDukodkvfrsdK;r[kwf/
wG i f - -tavmif ; awmf p ar , se*g;rif ; ocF y gve*g;rif ;
wdkY\odkY yg&rDjznfhcGifh &atmif vlYb0ukdawmifhwrIukdum;
eddw rqdkom/

'gerI avmuDoDvrIwpfckckaom yAZdw edurrIponf

wnf tusio
hf nfomvQif oHo&mrS pifMu,fapEdik \
f ? jyif
pifMu,fapEdkifaomenf;vrf;r&SdNyD[k 0dyemr*fzdkvfwdkYudk
ypfy,f jyKaom ukov
kd rf o
I nf 'd|ed
d w
d rnf\ ukvm;bke;f Bu;D
wdkY\ ukodkvfrsdK;wnf;? yg&rDukodkvfrsdK; r[kwf?
um; yg&rDrsdK; r[kwfaom 0eddw ukodkvfESpfrsdK;wnf;/
--------------------

ted d w uk o d k v f 2-rsd K ;
tedw
d onfvnf; avmuDuo
k v
kd f avmukw& m ukov
kd f
[l ESpfyg;Sd\/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

16

,H ye avmukw& H avmud, wa0 orm&blwH

'H teddwH/
( 0dok'dr*f )

,H ye avmukw&H=tMuifavmukw&mukodkvfonfum;?
twd=&Sd\? wa0=xdkavmukw&m ukodkvf\omvQif? orm&
blwH=rsKd;aphrlv orm&jzpfaom? ,Oavmud,H=tMuif avmuD
avmukw&mukodkvfpkonfvnf;? twd=&Sd\? 'H=ukodkvf
ESpfrsKd;onf? teddwH=teddw ukodkvfrnf\/
armifaomf\ jyem yg&rDukodkvfudk avQmufqdk&if; jzpfonfESifh
avmukw&mudk rSmrvdktyf? xdkavmukw&m\ tajcrlv orm&
jzpfaom avmuDteddwudkom rSmvdktyf\/

b0orwd abm*orwd wdkYodkYnGwfaompdwfvnf;r&Sd?

'd|dESifhvnf; r,SOf? rdk;aumif;uifozG,f twG,ftwm r&Sdrl
aAm"dwnf;[laom wpfzufurf;odYk wrf;wrf;pl;pl; txl;&nf&,
G
f
pifMu,faompdwfjzifh jyKtyfaom 'gerI oDvrI edurrI ynmrI
0D&d,rI cEDrI opmrI t"d|mefrI arwmrI OayumrIrsm;onfom
yg&rDuo
k v
kd rf sKd ;jzpfownf;/
,ck u mv ]ed A m ef u d k & ygvd k \ ? tMuif r Qavmuf e d A m ef u k d r &ao;?
xdkrQavmuf umv} qdk b0orwd abm*orwdwdkYudk a&pufcs
q&mtm0Zef;&Sdwdkif;csJUMuukef\? edAmefrSm toHrQomygawmhonf? trsm;
BudKuf&m aemufydkif;rSmrl tm0Zef;&SdorQ qef;Mu,fMuukef\? uJhodkYaom
ukodkvfaMumifjcpfrsm;ukd y,f&Sm;awmfrljcif;iSg wa0 {0o'gudk
rdefYqdkawmfrlay\/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

17

ed A m ef E S i f h or w d w G J u yg&rD jzpf - rjzpf

tar;/ edAm efEiS o
hf rwEd pS yf g; wGzJ ufawmifw
h jyKMuaom ,ck
umv ukodkvfrIrsm;onf yg&rDukodkvf qdkxdkufrnf
rqdx
k u
kd rf nf/
tajz/ qdkxdkufyg\? qdkxdkufaomfvnf; aAm"dPfudk jrefjref
qdkufapEdkifaom ukodkvfrsdK;um; r[kwf?
0dyD bk&m;ryGirhf D omoemy aZmwdu aoa|;tavmif;
BuHcif; vkyfnDaemifESpfa,mufonf yapuAk'gt&Siftm; BuH&nf
vSL'gef; qkawmif;Mu&m tpfudkum;-]t&Sifbk&m; &odaom
w&m;udk &odygvdk\}[k wdkwdkqkawmif;onf? nDjzpfolaZmwdu
aoa|;tavmif;um;-]t&Sib
f &k m; &odaomw&m;udk &od&ygvd\
k }
qdNk y;D aemuf tMuifrQavmuf csjD yef orwEd pS yf g;udk aemufzsm;u
qG,jf yef\? 0dyDb&k m;tyGiw
hf iG f qkawmif;wdak om tpfujkd zpfol
tuRwf&av\? nDjzpfol aZmwdu tavmif;um; qkawmif;
vl;vJonfhtwGuf 0dyDbk&m;vufxufwGif ruRwfEdkif rl
ajcmufqlaom bk&m;udkvGefNyD;aemuf igwdkYbk&m; vufxufrSmrS
tuRwf&av\/
oabm,kwdum; ukodkvfjyKpOftcg b0orwdwPSm
abm* orwdwPSm tap;tcRJ zufwGJcJhonf&Sdaomf xdkukodkvf
tusdK;ay;&m b0wdkY xdkpnf;pdrfESifh xdkwPSm cGgr& cGJr&
ydkifusatmif tMuyftwnf; zGJUpnf;av\? txGwftjrwf
w&m;ESifhawGUaomfvnf; w&m;zufodkY rygEdkif&Sdav\? ukodkvfjyK

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

18

pOftcg b0wPSm abm*wPSm tvl;tvJr&Sd 0d0rsKd ;oufouf

jzpfcJhonf&Sdaomf xdkukodkvftusdK;ay; ya'o&mZf {u&mZf
pMumrEmwf pnf;pdrf yif wnfjim;aomfvnf; w&m;ESiahf wGcY v
hJ Qif
xdkpnf;pdrfudk cPcsif;pGefYEdkif\? um;-xdkBuHcif;vkyf nDaemif
0wKrSm wdkufdkufvmaom oabm,kwdwnf;/
xdkYaMumifh aemufaemufqufvuf jznfhusifh&ef vlUb0
udkyif awmifhwaomfvnf; cHpm;pHpm;zdkY pdwfudk &dyfumrQ
roDaprl yg&rDjznfhzdkY pdwfjzifhomawmifhw&rnf..
(armifaomf)
qk a wmif ; cRwf a csmf r I \ qd k ; usd K ;rsm;
- ar@uaoa|;\ uRefjzpfaomykPonf yapuAk'gudk
awGU qGr;f vSLaomtcg qkawmif;ae&mrusonft
h wGuf
b0tqufquf uRefcsnf;jzpf&av\/
- plVokb'g qifronf yapuAk'gudk opfoD;qGrf;vSL&m
qkawmif;acsmf tavmif;awmfqifrif;udkowf i&JodkY
us&av\/
- a&S;b0 yapuAk'gudk awGUMuaom ukorif;BuD;ESifh
ybm0wDwv
Ykd nf; qkawmif;rwJh twefi,f &GUJ Mu uoD
vifw 'kutaxGaxG jzpfMuav\/
odv
Yk Qif ukov
kd jf yK&mqkawmif;acsmMf u rawmfrvSjzpfMu
ukeaf om 0wKeyd gwf Zmwf&mZ0ifwo
Ykd nf tvGeyf ifrsm;uke\
f ? qH;k r
oifMum;aom q&mvnf; ae&musvdkvS\? 0d"k&ZmwfawmfrSm

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

19

psmef& &aoh av;OD;udk qGrf;auR;aom aoa|;BuD;av;OD;wGif

ESpfOD;aom aoa|;BuD;wdkYonf rdrdwdkYq&m&aohpum;udkemcH
wd&pmef *VKef e*g; jzpfMuavukef\? ESpfOD;aom aoa|;wdkYonf
vlrif; odMum;rif;jzpfMuukef\/
odq
Yk &mjyKvyk o
f t
l wGuaf Mumifh vufatmufwynfo
h m;
trSm; ajcjrpf repfwef epf&aom t&mrsm;ukdvnf; owdxm;Mu
uke&f monf/
eddw tedw cGJcef;NyD;\/

--------------[D e rZd r yPD w oH k ; yg;cG J e nf ;

xdq
k ,fyg;aom 'ge oDv edur ponfww
Ykd iG f wpfyg;wpfyg;
onf [De rZdr yPDw[l oHk;yg; oHk;yg;pD&SdMu\/
,oumrwm, y0wdwH [DeH? yknzvumrwm,
y0wdwH rZdrH? uwAar0d'Ed t&d,bm0H edm,
y0wdwH yPDwH/
- ,oumrwm,=tausmf t apmud k vd k a ompd w f j zif h ?
y0wdwH=jzpfaptyfonf&Sdaomf? [DeH=t,kwfwnf;/
- yknzvumrwm,=ukov
kd \
f tusKd ;udk vdv
k m;iJu
h u
G af om
pdwfjzifh? y0wdwH=jzpfaptyfonf&Sdaomf? rZdrH=tvwf
wnf;/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

20

- 'H=trIum;? uwA{H 0=jyKoifjh yKxu

kd af omtrIayom
wnf;? wd=odkY? t&d,bm0H=t&d,mEG,f pifMu,fjzL
ajzmifhaom olawmfaumif;tavhudk? edm,=rSD?
y0wdwH=jzpfaptyfonf&Sdaomf? yPDwH=txGwftjrwf
wnf;/
- yxrum;--yumoepd w f j zif h j yKaom uk o d k v f w nf ; ?
b0orwd abm*orwu
d rkd Q vSvaS y;Edik af om ukov
kd rf sKd ;
r[kwf? yg&rDtjzpfESifha0;pG/
- 'kw,
d um;--tusK;d udv
k v
kd m;aompdwjf zifh tvSLcHy*k K v
d u
f kd
t,kwf tjrwfa&G;cs,frI? tusdK;BuD;&maom enf;vrf;udk
a&G;cs,rf w
I EYkd iS hf jyKaomukov
kd w
f nf;? b0abm*ukad y;Edik f
\? yg&rDukodkvfrsdK; r[kwf/
- wwd,um;--trIuo
kd mtav;*ktxl;jyKonf? tusKd ;ukd
trI rpdkuf? rdrdvuf&Sdypnf;0wKudk olwpfyg;wdkYESifh ruefY
ruGuf qufqHonfudkjyKoHk;aqmifrIonf t&d,m
oljrwfwdkY\tpOf xHk;wrf; oGm;NrJvrf;aywnf;? t&d,m
avmif; olawmfaumif;wdkY\tpOf xHk;wrf; oGm;NrJvrf;
aywnf;? igonfvnf; tavmif;tvsm t&d,mwdYk vrf;udk
vdkufxdkufonf? rdrdydkifxdkufaom ypnf;Opmudk olwpfyg;
wdkYESifh uefYuefYuGufuGuf rqufqHonfudkjyKoHk;aqmif
jcif;onf tEAmvykxkZOfwdkY\ tpOfxHk;wrf; oGm;NrJ
vrf;aywnf;? igonf xdktEAmv ykxkZOfwdkY vrf;udk
vdkufjcif;iSg rxdkuf? odkY ESvHk;xm; rdrdydkifxdkufaom

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

21

ypnf;Opmudk t,kwftvwf tjrwfoHk;yg; oltrsm;ESifh

tnDtrQ ydkifqdkifMuaom bHkypnf;udkuJhodkY rQa0vSL'gef;
ay;urf;pGefYBuJaom 'geukodkvfonf t&d,bm0udk
rSDjyKaom ukodkvfrnf\? yg&rDukodkvfrsdK;wnf;/
oDvrI edur rIponfwYkd vnf; enf;twdik ;f tusKd ;udk tmkH
rjyKbJ trIudkomtav;*k txl;jyKjzpfapEdkifrSom yg&rDrsdK;
jzpfonf [krSwfav/
(wpf e nf ; um;)
- wPSm 0aoe b0abm*wm, y0wdwH [DeH?
- twaem 0darmuwm, y0wdwH rZsdrH?
- oAow0darmuwm, y0wdwH yg&rdwmoDvH yPDwH/
(0dok'dr*f)

- wPSm0aoe=wPSm\tvdkESifhwuG? b0abm*wm,=
b0orwd abm*orwd tusdK;iSg? y0wdwH=jzpfaptyf
aom oDvonf? [DeH=t,kwfwnf;?
- twaem=rdr\
d ? 0darmuwm ,=b0orwd abm*orwd
wdkYrS vGwfjcif;iSg? y0wdwH=jzpfaptyfaom oDvonf?
rZdrH=tvwfwnf;?
- oAow 0darmuwm,=cyfodrf;aom ow0gwdkYudk b0
orwd abm*orwdwdkYrS vGwfapjcif;iSg? y0wdwH=jzpfap
tyfaom? yg&rdwmoDvH=urf;wpfzuf a&mufaomoDv
onf? yPDwH=tjrwfwnf;/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

22

0#f'u
k r u
S Rwv
f w
G jf cif;qdo
k nfEiS hf b0orwd abm*orwd
wdkYrS uRwfvGwfjcif;[lonf twlwlyif? a&SUoHk;rsdK; tusdK;udk
vdkvm;jyKaom 'kwd,ukodkvfonf oHk;rsdK;rSm [De jzpfvm\?
yg&rDajrmufaom ukodkvfrsdK; r[kwf? t,kwftnhHrsdK;omwnf;?
twaem0darmuwm, y0wdwHum;-yapuaAm"d om0uaAm"d
vrf;wnf;? oAow 0darmuwm, y0wdwH um;-r[maAm"d
vrf;wnf;/
[De rZdr yPDw 3-rsdK;cGJenf;NyD;\/
wGifa&GUum; 'gepaomq,fyg;aom ukodkvfrIwdkY yg&rDajrmuf
xdkufaom ukodkvfq,fyg; rajrmufxdkufaom ukodkvfq,fyg;udk jcm;em;
jyaomtcef ; NyD ; \/

yg&rD t"d y g ,f cG J e nf ;
,cktcg toD;toD;aom yg&rD"rwdkY\ t"dyg,fudk
jyqdkaytHh/
(1) 'geH? pGefYBuJay;urf;vSL'gef;ylaZmfcsD;ajrmufjcif;? ('ge
yk'f\t"dyg,fum;xif&Sm;NyD) rdrd &&SdorQaom ypnf;OpmwdkYudk
ighOpm [laomtrSwf tMuyftwnf; r&Sad prl oDv0E uvsmP
*dP
k ;f 0if vl&iS t
f rsm;wdEYk iS hf ,xm&[H qufqH qdik q
f ;D onfujkd yK
oHk;aqmifjcif;onf om"m&Pabm*D ty#d0dbwabm*Drnf\?
bk&m;vufxufawmf O*o<l u,frsm; enf;vrf;aywnf;? txuf
t,kwftvwftjrwf ra&G;rcs,f[kqdkcJhonfrSm a&mufvmaom
tvSLcHudkqdkonf? oDv0E uvsmP*dkPf;0if vl&Siftrsm;
[kqdkonfrSm tmrdooarm* "roarm* jyKxdkufvSaom yk&do

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

23

0d a oowd k Y u d k q d k o nf ? xd k o d k Y a om yk & d o 0d a oowd k Y u d k r l u m;

om"m&Poarm* jzpfapjcif;tusdK;iSg aumif;pGmtm;xkwf
ylaZmfvSL'gef;jcif;trIudk jyK&mownf;/ / 'geNyD;\/
(2) oDvonf 0g&dwoDv pm&dwoDv [lESpfrsdK;&Sd\/
- um,'kpdkuf 3-yg; 0pD'kpdkuf 4-yg;wdkYudk rusL;rvGef
&atmif apmifhxdef;rIonf 0g&dwoDvrnf\/
- bk&m;w&m;oHCm q&m rdb *kP0k'd 0,0k'djzpfaom
olwdkY tdktaojyKxdkufaom tcGifhwdkYudkod tdkao
jyKjcif;trIonfvnf;aumif;? awGUjriforQaomolwdkY
ukov
kd jf zpfxu
kd af om a0,sm0ptcGiu
hf jkd rifvQif ud,
k t
hf rI
uJhodkY tusdK;udkvdkvm; BudK;pm;tm;xkwfjcif;trIonf
vnf;aumif; pm&dwoDv rnf\/ oDvNyD;\/
(3) edur qdkonfum;- w&m;udk,ftm;jzifh tavmb
jy|mef;aom ukov
kd w
f nf;? xdaYk Mumift
h rd f yifaeaomfvnf; wPSm
&m* avmb jzpfwwfaom tmkH0wKudkod tokbreodum&
y#duv
l reodum& rsm;udk ESv;kH xm; avmbudyk ,f&mS ; aeaom
tcg edurukodkvfjzpf\/
xdx
Yk ufprG ;f Edik yf gvQif tmHu
k if;&Si;f &modx
Yk u
G
f xdx
Yk ufwwf
EdkifygvQif zef&nfqdk;aomt0wfudk 0wfaomvlolawmf &aoh
olawmf y&dAdkZfolawmftjzpfodkY a&mufatmifxGuf xdkYxuf
wwfEdkifygrl omraPtjzpf &[ef;tjzpfwdkifatmifxGuf
xdkYxufwwfEdkifygrl yxrpsmefudk&aom psmevmbDtjzpfodkY

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

24

a&muf a tmif x G u f xd k Y x uf w wf E d k i f y grl tem*grf t &d , m

tjzpfodkYa&mufatmif xGuf avmbw&m;udk y,f&Sm;rIonf
edurukodkvfcsnf;aywnf;/ / edurNyD;\/
(4) ynmonf avmuD avmukw& mESprf sKd ;&S\
d ? ynmyg&rDukd
&nfp;l yd#uwfo;kH yHyk nmudk emcHrw
S o
f m; oifMum;ydcYk s jyoajym
a[mjcif;trI-tjypfr&Sdaom aA'if [l;&m; rE&m; *gxm AdaEm
yObkwf paom 0dZmXmeynmrsdK;-tjypfr&Sdaom toufarG;rI
aus;Zl;rsm;aom puf twwfrsdK;-*Pef;twwfrsdK; yef;csD yef;yk
yef;yJ yef;&ef yef;wdrf yef;wnf; paom odyg,we twwfrsdK;tjypfr&Sdaom toufarG;rI aus;Zl;rsm;aom ukefonftrI
awmifolv,fvkyfrIpaom urm,we twwfrsdK;-odkYaom
0dZmXme odyg,we urm,wewdkYudk ynmyg&rDzdkY &nfpl;
txl;pifMu,faom pdwfjzifhoifMum;jyorIonf ynmyg&rD
taqmuftODaywnf;/ / ynmNyD;\/
(5) 0D&d,yg&rDrSm ory"mef 0D&d,onf txGwftxdyf
jzpf\? xdrk w
S pfyg; olwpfyg;wd\
Yk tusKd ;pD;yGg;ESiphf yf aumif;jrwf
pifMu,faom ESvHk;jzifh olwpfyg;wdkY rpGrf;Edkifaomt&m pGrf;Edkif
aomt&mwdkY vGefrif;pGm BudK;yrf;jcif;onf 0D&d,yg&rDwnf;/ /
0D&d,NyD;\/
(6) cEo
d nf ow0gwdNYk yKaomtrI onf;cHjcif; tcsr;f tyl
paom ted|"rwdkY onf;cHjcif; ESpfrsdK; &Sd\? ow0gwdkY onf;cH
jcif;rSm xif&Sm;NyD? oDw=csrf;rIat;rI ESdyfpufonfudkvnf;?

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

25

carm=onf;cHEdkifonf? a[mwd=jzpf\? OPS=yltdkufrI EdSyfpuf

onfudkvnf;? carm=onf;cHEdkifonf? a[mwd=jzpf\/ odkY
tp&Sdonfjzifh a[mawmfrlaom cEdrIwdkYonfrsm; pGm&Sdukef\/ /
vd&k if;rSm avmu ud,
k w
f iG ;f rS jzpfaom 'ku" rrI ud,
k yf rS jzpfaom
'ku" rrw
I u
Ykd kd awGUBuKH jim;aomfvnf;pdw\
f npfnL;jcif;r&Sd nnf;
ljcif;r&Sd? ESvHk;romjcif; rsufESmromjcif;r&Sd? jyKNrJwdkif;aom
ukov
kd rf I pD;yGg;rIwu
Ykd kd tvpftvyfrcH Munfvifoef&Y iS ;f wif;&if;
cdik cf phH mG jyKaom ta'go jy|mef;aomukov
kd f pdwK yg 'fpu
k kd cEyd g&rD
taqmuftOD qdkownf;/ /cEd NyD;\/
(7 ) opmrnfonfum; -rkom;udktcsif;cyfodrf; y,fjcif;
wnf; /
(8) t"d|mefqdkonfum;-trIudkjyKrnf[k EIwfy#dnmOf
pdwfy#dnmOfxm;NyD;onfaemuf ajymif;a&TU vIyf&Sm;jcif;\ r&Sdjcif;
wnf;/
(9) arwm[lonfum; awGUorQ jriforQaom ow0gudk
csrf;om apcsifaompdwf aumif;apcsifaompdwf tNrJwnfjcif;
wnf/
(10) Oayumqdkonfum;- rdrdudkMunfndKav;jrwfaomol
ylaZmf aomol cs;D rGr;f aomol[
l vnf; om,mcifrifpw
d f txl;r&S?d
rdrdudk jypfwifjypfrSm;jyKvdkaomol nOf;yef;ESdyfpufaomol uJh&Jh
aomol[lvnf; rom,mjcif; rkef;jcif;r&Sd? xdkolESpfOD;wdkY
pdwfESpfrsdK; r&Sdjcif;udk Oayum yg&rDqdkonf/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

26

cEdyg&rDESifh Oayumyg&rD ESpfyg; cdkifvHkrS <uif;aom yg&rD

&Spyf g; wdv
Yk nf; acsmarmEdik u
f ek o
f nf? trd0rf;rS arG;zGm;vmaom
oli,fwdkYonf trdtzwdkY aumif;pGmapmifha&SmufukefrS touf
&Snf vlvm;ajrmufEdkifukefonf? trdtzwdkY rapmifha&Smuf
Muukerf u
l m;-arG;zGm;aomae&myif ajcmufaoGU aoqH;k Muukef
vwHU? twlrSwf/
- cEdonf trdESifhwl\/
- Oayumonf tzESifhwl\/
cEd OayumESpyf g;&S
d ukov
kd rf aI csmarmjyefvQif edur yg&rD
apmifha&SmufrS jyKorQaomukodkvfonf yg&rDukodkvftjzpfodkY
a&mufEikd f onf? edur yg&rD tapmift
h a&Smuf r&Sv
d Qif ukov
kd \
f
tusdK;udk &vdkaom om,maom wPSmOy'fuyfa&muf yg&rD
ukodkvf r[kwf? 0eddw ukodkvfrsdK;omjzpfav\? xdkoli,f
wdkYonf trdtzwdkY apmifha&Smufukefaomfvnf; aq;orm;
tapmifhta&Smuf r&SdjyefvQif anmfrI oif;rI tpm;rI taomufrI
twGufESifh a&m*gOy'f uyfa&muf a&m*gonf a&m*gqdk;jzpfMu
ukefouJhodkYrSwf/ / ajraygufa&mufaom jrufopfyifwdkYonf
ajr-a&-ESpfyg; apmifha&SmufcsD;ajrmufrS BuD;yGg;Edkifukefonf/
cEdonf ajrOwkESifhwl\?
Oayumonf a&OwkESifhwl\?
- jA[p&kd w
f &m; 4-yg;vmaom OayumESihf yg&rD Oayum
onf twefi,fuGJjym;Mu\/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

27

jA[pdk&f Oayumum;ow0gwdkY\ tusdK;pD;yGg; aMumifhMu

pdkufrIudk y,fjzpfonf/ /yg&rDOayumum;-ylaZmfcsD;rGrf; jyKaom
olEydS pf uf uJ&h hJ jyKaomol ESpOf ;D wd\
Yk tusKd ;pD;yGg;udt
k xl; tjcm;r&S?d
twltrQ wGifus,f jzpfxGef;atmif &GufaqmifEdkif&ef w&m;ay
wnf;/
tavmif;awmfarsmufrif;onf tolw&meufaom acsmuf
us aeaomykPm;udk ausmufukef;xm; ukef;ay:odkY
wifNyD;aemuf armyef;vS ykPm;\aygifay: acgif;xm;
wpfcPtdyfaysmfav\? ykPm;onf awmarsmufom;jzifh om;
r,m;udkrsufESmjy&ef BuD;pGmaom ausmufjzifh wpfcsufwnf;NyD;
xkav\? OD;acgif;rS aoG;t,OfwdkYonf av;rsufESmwdkY jzmjzm
yef; xGufukef\? arsmufrif;\ udk,ftvHk;onf aoG;twd vdrf;
us\
H /
xdktcg ykPm;rS twefi,fcGg ykPm;udkMunfhNyD;vQif
]]avmurSm onfuJhodkYaomolrsm; &Sdayao;onfwum;}} [k
tHhMoaom pum;udk qdkawmfrl xdkykPm;udk &yf&GmodkY csrf;ompGm
a&mufatmif ydkYaqmifaom tcGifhudkom tm;xkwfawmfrl\/
xdktcg ]]awmt&yfonf jcaoFh opf usm; om;&J tvGef
xlxyfonf? Mumjrifh ravsmf? oifh&GmodkYa&mufatmif igydkYrnf?
igonf opfwpfyifrS opfwpfyifodkY ul;oGm;rnf? ighOD;acgif;rS
usaom aoG;aMumif; aoG;pufudk vrf;jyK vdkufcJhavm}} [kqdk
ydkYaqmifav\/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

28

0wK-- acsmufusaeaom ykPm;udkjrifaomtcg rdrd\

om;i,fus aeonfujkd rifouJo
h Ykd ykPm ;\tusKd ;udk
awmif h w vd k v m;jcif ; tm;BuD ; pG m jzpf vmaom
pdwKyg'fpkum; arwmyg&rD wnf;/
- tolw&meufaom acsmufrSurf;ay:odkY acsmarmpGm
a&mufEdkif&maom taMumif;udk&SmMuHaom pdwKyg'fpk
um; ynmyg&rD wnf;/
- &SmMuHodjrifonfhtwdkif; oufpGefYBudK;yrf; tm;xkwf
aom udk,ftrIum; 0D&d,yg&rDwnf;/
- OD;acgif;udk BuD;pGmaomausmufESifhxk&m ta&xl
ta&yg;wdkY jywfpkwf tdk;uGJrQ jyif;xefvSaom
'ku' PfcsuBf u;D xdyg;onfuykd if emonf usio
f nf[k
trIrxm;? npfnL;rI nnf;lrIr&Sd? yuwdMunf
vifaom pdwt
f wdik ;f aeEdik o
f nfum; cEyd g&rDwnf;/
(tcgrSm cEdr&SdcJhvQif emusifonfhtwGufESifh pdwfysufukefvwHU)

- olYtusdK;udk rQavmuftyef;cH &GufaqmifqJ

jzpfaom ighukd rQavmuf tusKd ;rJBh u;D udk jyKbo
d nf[k
ykPm; pdwfruGufonfum; Oayumyg&rDwnf;/
(tcgrSm Oayum r&Scd v
hJ Qif ykPm ;udpk w
d q
f ;kd onfh twGuf
ESihf pdwyf su
f ukev
f wUH / / pdwyf su
f ukerf q
I o
kd nfum; xdyk P
k m ;
\ a&SUtusdK;udkvnf; qHk;urf;wdkifatmif aqmifawmhrnfr[kwf?

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

29

aemufu aqmifcNhJ y;D orQ ukov

kd pf v
k nf; tcsn;f ES;D jzpf ukeaf wmh
rnf[lvdkonf/ tavmif;awmfonfrlum;-- tZsw oEmef cEd
tcH&o
dS nft
h wGuaf Mumifh usief mrI yifyef;rIaMumifv
h nf; pdwrf uGu?f
OayumtcH&SdonfhtwGufaMumifh ykPm;udk pdwfqdk;rIESifhvnf;
pdwfrysufrl OD;acgif;rSxGufaom aoG;puf aoG;aMumif;udk
vrf;jy ae&mXmeodkY a&mufatmifydkYaqmifayownf;/)
- tolw&meufaom acsmufBu;D jzpf tcefrY awmfvQif
aoavmufaomtcsuf ykPm;\twGufESifh toufudk
pGefYawmfrlonfum; 'geyg&rDwnf;/
ykPm;\toufudk u,fq,frIonfvnf; Zd0dw'geyif/

- toufut
kd aojyKaom ykPm ;udk jyefveS
f rESyd pf uf? Murf;
MuKwfaom pum;udkrQ rqdkr>ruf apmifhaSmufcsufum;
oDvyg&rDwnf;/
- ykPm ;udk u,fwifonft
h wGuaf Mumifh aumif;rIuo
k v
kd \
f
tusdK;udkrQ awmifhw om,mjcif; rSdonfum; edur
yg&rDwnf;/
b0orwd abm*orwd[kqdktyfaom tusdK;udkawmifhw jyKMuaom
ukodkvfpkonf eduryg&rD ysufaom ukodkvfpkwnf;/

- ykPm ;\tusKd ;udk tqH;k a&mufatmif igaqmifrnf[k pdwf

y#dnmOf xm;onfhtwdkif; ykPm;jyKaom 'PfcsufESifh
'kuB u;D pGm jzpfvsuyf if rysurf uGuf tqH;k wdik f aqmif&u
G f
onfum; opmyg&rD t"d|mefyg&rDwnf;/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

30

(ykPm;\tusdK;udk tqHk;wdkifatmif igaqmifrnf[k

jzpfaom pdwyf #dnmOf ra&TUrajymif;onfum; t"d|mefyg&rDwnf;?
oifu
h kd igu,fwif rnf[k ykPm ;tm; ajymMum;aom EIwyf #dnmOfukd
rzsufonfudkum; opmyg&rDwnf;/)
odkYvQif tavmif;awmf arsmufrif;jyKaomtrI yg&rD
q,fyg; NyD;ownf;/ /yg&rDq,fyg;wdkY\ t"dyg,fNyD;\/
wGifoAnKaAm"d yapuaAm"d om0uaAm"d 3-yg;ESifhqufqHaom
yg&rDq,fyg;wdkY\ okyfoabm t"dyg,f 3-csufudk
jyqdkaomtcef;NyD;\/

]],cktcg oAnKqu
k kd txl;odvykd gonf}} [laom avQmuf
csuf/ / oAnKaAm"dorm& tpDt&ifonf usrf;*efwGif
ykpmwpfq,fhig;csufESifhwuG tvGefus,f0ef;pGmvmacsonf?
tusOf;rQudkom jyqdktHh/ tus,fudkvdkrl p&d,yd#ut|uxm?
oDvuef #Dumrsm;rSm ,lav/
yg&rDq,fyg; Oyyg&rDq,fyg; y&rwyg&rDq,fyg;wdkYudk
jyqdkaytHh/

yg&rD oHk;rsdK;jy
yk w ' g&"em'd Oyu&P y&d p m a*g 'geyg&rD-tp&Sdaom ygXfESifhtnD rdrdudk,ft*FgrS tyjzpfaom om;
r,m;ESifhwuG ouf&SdoufrJh OpmrsdK;onf yg&rDq,fyg;\ 0wK
wnf;/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

31

tw a em t*F y &d p m a*g 'geOyyg&rD-tp&So

d nfEiS t
hf nD ajc vuf rsupf d tp&Sad omud,
k f t*FgBu;D
i,fpk onf Oyyg&rDq,fyg;\0wKwnf;/
tw a em ZD 0 d w y&d p m a*g 'gey&rw y g&rD-tp&So
d nfEiS t
hf nD toufcEmonf y&rwyg&rDq,fyg;\
0wK wnf;/
-

xdkoHk;yg;aom 0wKwdkYwGif yxr 0wKrsKd ;udpk eG

Yf jzpfaptyfaom ukov
kd rf sKd ;onf yg&rD
rnf\/
'kwd, 0wKrsdK;udkpGefY jzpfaom ukodkvfrsdK;onf Oyyg&rD
rnf\/
toufudkpGefYjzpfaptyfaom ukodkvfrsdK;onf y&rw
yg&rD rnf\/
yxr q,fyg;udkom jznfhpGrf;Edkifaomolonf om0u
aAm"dodkY a&muf\/
yxrq,fyg; 'kw,
d q,fyg;udo
k m jznfph rG ;f Edik af omolonf
yapuaAm"dodkYa&mufEdkif\/
yxrq,fyg; 'kwd,q,fyg; wwd,q,fyg; tjym;
oHk;q,fudk jznfhpGrf;Edkifaomolonf oAnKaAm"dodkY
a&mufEdkif\/
yg&rDoHk;rsdK; jcm;em;cef;NyD;\/
--------------------

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

32

om0u aAm"d oH k ; yg;jy

om0uaAm"donf yuwdom0uaAm"d r[mom0uaAm"d
t* om0uaAm"d [loHk;rsdK;&Sd\/
- yxr q,fyg;udk urmaygif; wpfoacsEF iS hf urmwpfoed ;f rQ
umvMumjrifhatmif jznfhusifhvQif t*om0uaAm"dodkY
a&muf Edik \
f / t*om0uqdo
k nfum;-- t&Sio
f m&dyw
k & m
t&Sirf [m arm*vmefwu
Ykd o
hJ Ykd vusmf &H vuf0&J BH u;D ESpyf g;udk
qdo
k nf/
- xdkq,fyg;udk urmwpfodef;umvMumjrifhatmif jznfh
usiv
hf Qif r[mom0uaAm"doaYkd &mufEikd \
f ? r[mom0u
qdkonfum; igwdkY bk&m;vufxufawmf toDwd&Spfusdyf
rsdK;udk qdkonf/
- yuwd o m0uaAm"d \ &if h & mumvtyd k i f ; tjcm;ud k
usr;f *efwYkd wdu
k f u
kd t
f qdrk &S?d ykaAe0d gouxm yuwd
om0uwd\
Yk ykaA ed0goPfonf twdwf urmwpf&m
ur m wpf a xmif jrif E d k i f \ qd k a om t|uxmrsm;ud k
axmuf yuwdom0uaAm"d\ &ifh&mumvudk urm
wpf&m urmwpfaxmifyif[l ,lMuukef\/
zm;ewfom;\ 0wKudk axmuf wpfb0 ESpfb0rQESifhyif
&Edkif\ [lvnf; ,lMuukef\/
jyqdkcJhNyD;aom t*om0uaAm"d r[mom0uaAm"dwdkY\
umv tydkif;tjcm;rsm;onfvnf; Asm'dwfcHNyD;aemufrS jznfh

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

33

usi&hf aom tydik ;f tjcm;aywnf;? Asm'dwrf cHrD a&S; jznfu

h si&hf aom
tydkif;tjcm;um; usrf;*efwdkY tqdkr&Sd/
bk&m;wd\
Yk yGirhf o
I nf wpfqEl iS w
hf pfql urmtoacsF uGmjcm;
NyD;rS yGifhonfvnf;&Sdjyefonf/ om0uwdkYrnfonf bk&m;yGifh&m
omoemESifh BuHKBudKufrS jzpfEdkifukefonf/ xdkYaMumifhjyqdkcJhNyD;aom
umvtydkif;tjcm;rsm;onfvnf; igwdkYbk&m;vufxuf&Sd om0u
rsm;udk trSwfjyKqdktyfaom tydkif;tjcm;rQomwnf;/
okwe yd gwft|uxmum;--om0uaAm"drmS vnf; o'g"du
aAm"d 0D&d,m"duaAm"d ynm"duaAm"d [l 3-yg;pD 3-yg;pD cGJ
vsu&f \
dS /
om0uaAm"doHk;yg;NyD;\/
-------------------yap u aAm"d oH k ; yg;jy
yapuaAm"donfvnf; o'g"du 0D&,
d m"du ynm"du[l
3-rsdK;yifvm&Sd\/ Asm'dwfcHNyD;onfrS aemuf ESpfoacsFESifh urm
wpfoed ;f umvMumjrifah tmif yg&rDq,fyg; Oyyg&rDq,fyg;wdu
Yk kd
jznfhusifhrS &Ekdifonf[k t|uxmwdkY vm\/
yapuaAm"d oHk;yg;NyD;\/
--------------r[maAm"d oH k ; yg;jy
oAnKaAm"donf o'g"du 0D&d,m"du ynm"du [l 3yg; tjym; &S\
d ? O*gwdwnLaAm"d 0dyOw
d nLaAm"d ae,saAm"d[
l

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

34

vnf;qd\
k /
ed,wAsm'dwfudk &NyD;aemuf yg&rDq,fyg; Oyyg&rDq,fyg;
y&rwyg&rDq,fyg;wdu
Yk -kd - av;oacsFESifh urmwpfodef; jznfhusifhrS ynm"du aAm"d
yGiEhf ikd \
f /
- &Spo
f acsEF iS u
hf rmwpfoed ;f jznfu
h sirhf S 0D&,
d m"duaAm"dyiG hf
Edik \
f /
- wpfq,fah jcmufoacsEF iS hf urmwpfoed ;f jznfu
h sirhf S o'g"du
aAm"dyGifhEdkif\/
um; t|uxmBuD;rsm; vmaom rSwfdk; rSwfpOfwnf;/

xd k x d k # D u musrf ; ty'gef t |uxmpaom aemuf j zpf

t|uxmusrf; aomwwuDusrf; wxm*wkywdusrf; r[m0if
#Dumusr;f ponfwYkd qdMk uaom emem0g'um; tvGerf sm;ao;\/
opfyifw\
Ykd yGirhf I oD;rI rnfonf xdx
k rkd sKd ;tm;avsmpf mG yGichf sed f
usrSomvQif yGifhEdkifoD;Edkifonf? refusnf;yif ydEJyifponfwdkYudk
wpfESpftwGif; ESpfESpftwGif; oHk;ESpftwGif; oD;wnfhapjcif;iSg
wpfaeYwpfaeYvQif tcgwpf&myif a&avmif;aomfvnf; tyif
r&ifhu ryGifhEdkif roD;EkdifouJhodkY xdkYtwl aAm"dorm&rIrSmvnf;
a0E&mrif;Bu;D tvSLuJo
h Ykd aeYpOf vSLaeaomfvnf; jyqdck NhJ y;D
aom umvtydkif;tjcm; raphu ryGifhEdkif[l okwedygwf t|
uxmvm\? xdkYaMumifh--yuwdom0uaAm"dtp&Sdaom xdkxdk
aAm"dwdkY &ifhoef&mjzpfaom umvtydkif;tjcm;udkvnf; toD;

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

35

toD; tvdk&SdtyfonfomvQifwnf;/
r[maAm"dBuD; oHk;yg; ydkif;jcm;cef;NyD;\/

----------r[mbd e D [ m& ok y f j y
,cktcgr[maAm"dBuD; odrSwfxdkufaom taMumif;t&m
rsm;udk usrf;*efrS twefi,fxkwfjyOD;tHh/
1/ r[mbdeD[m&udk odtyf\/
2/ r[mbde[
D m&\ tajcrlv yp,a[wkw&m;tpkukd
odtyf\/
3/ r[maAm"dudk odtdyf\/
4/ r[maAm"d\tajcrlv yp,a[wkw&m;tpkudk od
tyf\/
r[mbd e D [ m&qd k o nf u m;--u ar {aue wdaPe? yk&daoe xmr'dem?
oAnKwH ygykPdwGm ? oEma&H oa'0uH/
[ljzpfaom EIwfy#dnmOf pdwfy#dnmOfrIwnf;/
xmr'dem=udk,fpGrf; udk,f&nfudk jrifaom? yk&daoe=
iga,musfm; aumif;jzpfygvsuf? {aue wdaPe=wpfudk,fwnf;
edAmeful;ojzifh? ar=ightm;? u=ypmjyK&tHhenf;? oAnKwH=
oAnKwPfwnf;[laom r[maAm"do?Ykd ygykPw
d mG =a&mufNy;D rS?
oa'0uH=ewfjA[mESiw
hf uGaom vlrsm;taygif;ud?k oEma&H=
edAmeful;wdkY aqmifydkY u,fwiftHh/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

36

pMu0Vmwpfaomif;udk du
k af jcmif;qla0 wkev
f yI af pEdik af om
y#dnmOf Bu;D wnf;? qkawmif;Bu;D vnf; qd&k \/ Aka'g aAma",sH=
rkawm armap,sH? wdaPm wma&,sH-[kjzpfaom r[maAm"d
ywemudk r[mbdeD[m&qdkonf/
r[mbdeD[m& okyfudk jyqdkcef; NyD;\/
-----------------

r[mbd e D [ m& t*F g

r[mbdeD[m& xajrmufatmifjrif&m t*Fg &Spfyg;&Sd\/
rEkwH vd*Forwd? a[wk owm&'eH/
yAZm *kPorwd? t"duma&m p qEwm/
t|"roarm"mem? tbdeD[ma&m ordZwd/
1-rEkwH=vl\tjzpf? 2-vd*Forwd=a,mufsm;pifppf
tjzpf? 3-a[wk=,lvv
kd Qi,
f ckb0yif &[EmjzpfEikd af vmufatmif
&ifhNyD;aom taMumif;yg&rD&Sdonf\tjzpf? 4-owm&'eH=
oAnKbk&m;ESifh awGUBuHK&jcif;? 5-yAZm=&aoh&[ef; tjzpf
wnfjcif;? 6-*kPorwd=tbdnmormywf*kPfESifhjynfhpHkjcif;? 7t"duma&m=cJ,Of;vSpmG aom ylZmoum&rIujkd yKjcif;? 8-qEwm=
bk&m;jzpf&efxufoefvSaom qEywem&Sdjcif;? t|"r oarm
"mem=t*Fg&SpfpHk aus;Zl;*kPfwdkY\ aygif;qHknDnGwfjcif;aMumifh?
tbdeD[ma&m=r[mbdeD[m&rIonf? ordZwd=xajrmuf atmif
jrifEikd \
f /
(t*Fg&Spfyg;um; tpqHk;qkawmif;rIrSmvdkonf)/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

37

a[wk qdkonfum;
m;-aemuf jyqdkvwHUaom yp, 4yg;? a[wk 4-yg; ponfudk qdkonf/
t"d u m& qd k o nf u m;
m;-toufudkpGefY jyKvdkufaom
ylaZmfoum& rIudkqdkonf/
qE q d k o nf u m;
m;-vGefrif;aom tvdkwnf;/
tcsif;,lZem wpfoef; ESpfodef; oHk;axmifhav;&mhig;q,f
us,af om pMu0Vmwdu
k t
f wGi;f rSm tvGex
f ufaom vSo
H mG ;wdu
Yk kd
tjynfhpdkufxl xm;NyD;vQif vSHoGm;xdyfudkeif; rSmzuf
pMu0VmwHwikd ;f rS xdrk mS zuf pMu0VmwHwikd ;f odYk a&mufaygufatmif
vmcJEh ikd v
f Qif r[maAm"dukd xdrk mS zufoYkd a&mufonfEiS w
hf pfNyKd ief uf
&wwfonf trSefjzpfcJhaomf axGvmpdwfzef BuHpnfwGefU&GHUjcif;r&Sd
cPcsif; csif;eif; oGm;Edkifavmufatmif xufoefaomqEudk
qEwm-qdkonf[k usrf;*efwdkYjy\/
&Sm;rD;uDs;tjynfh &Sad ompMu0Vm wdu
k jf zifv
h nf;jyqdMk uuke\
f ?
xdu
k o
hJ Ykd pdwo
f efaomolonf csi;f eif;oGm;cJv
h Qif xdv
k o
HS mG ;onf
ywjrm;tjyif jzpfav&m\/ xdk&Sm;rD;usD;pkonf y'krmMumwdkuf
tjyifjzpfav&m\? c'd&*Fg&Zmwfudk axmufajrmfav/
um; r[mbdeD[m&t*Fgwnf;/
yapuaAm"dq?k om0uaAm"dqw
k Ykd um; t*FgoH;k yg;pDvm\/
1- owK'e/
2- t"dum&/
3- qE/
(yapuaAm"dqk t*FgokH;yg;/)

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

38

1- cDPmo0'e/
2- t"dum&/
3- qE/
(om0uaAm"dqk t*FgokH;yg;/)

t"dum&ESifhqEESpfyg;wlMu\? yapuaAm"dqkrSm oAnK

bk&m; ESiahf wGUrS om0uaAm"dqrk mS yapuAk'g &[Emrsm;ESiahf wGU
vSL'gef; awmif;vQif &Edkif\[lvdkonf/
r[mbdeD[m&udk jyqdkcef;NyD;\/
-----------------

yp , ES p f y g;jy
r[mbdeD[m& t*Fg&Spfyg;wGif a[wkt*Fg qdkonfum;
om0u aAm"d yapuaAm"drsm;udk ,lvdkaomtcg &Edkifavmuf
atmif &ifo
h ef jynfph NkH y;D aom 'getaqmuftOD oDvtaqmuftOD
edur taqmuftOD paom q,fyg;aomtaqmuftODwEYkd iS w
hf uG
1- ukPm orwd/
2- Oyg,aumv orwd/
ESpfyg;onfvnf; r[mbdeD[m& pcef;odkY qdkufEdkif&ef
oAnKqk oAnKAsm'dwfudk cH&&ef bk&m;tavmif;[laom bGJU
wHqdyfudk cH&&ef taMumif;w&m; ESpfyg;aywnf;/
1/ rdrd\ toufcEmxufyif ow0gwpfyg;\ 'kuudk
uif;Nidrf; apvdkaom pdwftvGefxufoefonfum;
ukPmorwd wnf;/

Owryk&do'DyeD

tpodYk
2/

39

uif;Nidrf;apvdkaom pdwf&Sdonftwdkif; uif;Nidrf;&m

uif;Nidrf; aMumif;udk MuHzefEdkifaom PfynmESifh
jynfhpHkjcif;um; Oyg,aumov orwdyifwnf;/

'H ye 'G,H yg&rDeH 0d, yPd"meyd ypa,m/

'H ye 'G,=H ESpyf g;onfum;? yg&rDe=H yg&rDw\
Ykd ? ypa,m
0d,=taMumif;jzpfouJhodkY? yPd"meyd=qkawmif;jcif;\vnf;?
ypa,m=taMumif;aywnf;/
yp, ESpfyg;NyD;\/
-------------

yp , av;yg;jy
1/ Om[/ 2- Or*F/ 3-t0|me/ 4-[dwp&d,m/
1/ Om[qd k o nf u m;
m;- 'gerI ponfwdkY oltrsm;xuf
vGefuJaom 0D&d,wnf;/
2/ Or*F qdkonfum;- tvGex
f ufoefaom Pfynmwnf;/
3/ t0|me qdkonfum;
m;- olwpfyg;wdkYvIyf&Sm;jcif;iSg rwwf
aumif;aom pdwf\cdkifNrJjcif;wnf;/
4/ [dwp&d,m qdkonfum;
m;- rdrd\tusdK;xuf olwpfyg;\
tusdK; vGefuJaom arwmpdwfwnf;/
av;yg;onfvnf; yg&rDw\
Ykd vnf;aumif; tbde[
D m&\
vnf; aumif; taMumif;jzpf\? Ak'blrd av;yg;vnf;ac:\/
yp, 4-yg;NyD;\/
----------------

Owryk&do'DyeD

tpodYk

40

a[wk av;yg;jy
1/
2/
3/
4/

Oyed, orwd/
ukPZsmo, orwd/
t0d[n orwd/
uvsmPrdw orwd/

1/ ed,wAsm'dwfudk cH,laomtcg om0uaAm"d yapu

aAm"dukd ay;Edik af vmufatmif jynfph NkH y;D &ifo
h efNy;D aom taqmuff
tODESifh jynfhpHkonfum; Oyed, orwdrnf\/
2/ jyqdck NhJ y;D aom ukPmw&m; tpGt
J NrEJ iS jhf ynfph o
kH nfum;
ukPZsmo, orwdwnf;/
3/ olwpfyg;wd\
Yk tusKd ;ud&k u
G af qmifrEI iS hf uif;ae&rlum;pMumrif; odMum;rif; jA[mrif; pnf;pdrfudkcHpm; pHpm;ae&aomf
vnf; pdwfyifyef;vsufESifhom ae&\? olwpfyg;tusdK;udk &Guf
aqmifaomtm;jzifh r[maAm"dtusdK;iSg yg&rDrIwdkYESifhae&rlum;
b0rsm;pGm urmrnfrQyif &SnMf umaomfvnf; pdw\
f npfErG ;f yifyef;
NiD;aiGUjcif;r&Sdonfum; t0d[n orwdwnf;/
oif o nf av;oacsF E S i f h ur m wpf o d e f ; usif h & vd r f h r nf ?
&SpfoacsFESifh urmwpfodef; usifh&vdrfhrnf wpfqJhajcmufoacsFESifh
urmwpfodef; usifh&vdrfhrnf? xkdrQavmuf usifhEkdifvQif oAnKtjzpfokdY
a&mufvdrfhrnf} [kqkdvQif av;oacsF &SpfoacsF wpfqJhajcmuf oacsFrQ
udkyif ,aeYeufjzefrQ xifEkdifonf? MumvSonf &SnfvSonf[k pdwf
yifyef;jcif;r&Sd qkdvkdonf

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

41

4/ b0 tqufqufwkdY vlynm&Sd ewfynm&SdwkdYESifh awGU

MuKH&m ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;wkdYukd tav;tjrwf qnf;uyf
aygif;zufrI tav;*k jyKjcif;onf uvsmPrdw orwdrnf\/
a[wk 4-yg;NyD;\/
r[mbdeD[m&cef; NyD;\/

-------------tZmo,"mwf j y
tZmo,"mwf 6-yg;ukd jyqkdtHh---1/
tavmbZmo,m p aAm"dowm avmab
a'go 'm0daem/
2/
ta'goZmo,m p aAm"dowm a'gao a'go
'm 0daem/
3/
tarm[Zmo,m p aAm"dowm arma[ a'go
'm 0daem/
4/
aeurZmo,m p aAm"dowm umar a'go
'm 0daem/
5/
y0da0uZmo,m p aAm"dowm o*FPdum,
a'go 'm0daem/
6/
ed&PZmo,m p aAm"dowm oAb0*wDok
a'go'm0daem/
(okwedygw t|uxm)

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

42

1/ aAm"d o w m =bk & m;avmif ; wk d Y o nf ? tavmbZmo,mp=pdwfoEmef tckdiftjrJ wnfaxmifaeaom

tavmb"mwfESifh jynfhpkHukef\? avmab=avmb? a'go
'm0daem=tjypfukd Ijrifjcif;tavh &Sdukef\/
2/ aAm"dowm=bk&m;avmif;wkdYonf? ta'goZmo,m
p=pdwf oEmef tckid t
f jrJ wnfaxmifaeaom ta'go"mwfEiS hf
jynfhpkHukef\? a'gao=a'go? a'go'm0daem=tjypfukd Ijrif
jcif; tavh&Sdukef\/
3/ aAm"dowm=bk&m;avmif;wkdYonf? tarm[Zmo,m
p=pdwf oEmef tckdiftjrJ wnfaxmifaeaom tarm[
"mwfESifh jynfhpkH\? arma[=arm[? a'go'm0daem=tjypfukd
Ijrifjcif; tavh&Sdukef\/
4/ aAm"dowm=bk&m;avmif;wkdYonf? aeurZmo,m
p=pdwf oEmef tckdiftjrJ wnfaxmifaeaom edur"mwfESifh
jynfph u
Hk ek \
f ? umar=umr? a'go'm0daem=tjypfudk Ijrifjcif;
tavh&Sdukef\/
5/ aAm"dowm=bk&m;avmif;wkdYonf? y0da0uZmo,m
p=pdwf oEmef tckdiftjrJ wnfaxmifaeaom qdwfNidrfjcif;ukkd
tvkd&Sdaom y0da0u"mwfESifh jynfhpkHMuukef\? o*FPdum,=
tazmftaygif;? a'go 'm0daem=tjypfukd Ijrifjcif;tavh
&Su
d ek \
f /
6/ aAm"dowm=bk&m;avmif;wkdYonf? ed&PZmo,m
p=pdwo
f Emef tckid t
f jrJ wnfaxmif aeaomb0rS uRwv
f w
G f

Owryk&do'DyeD

tpodYk

43

vkdaom ed&P"mwfESifh jynfhpkHukef\? oAb0*wDok=tvkH;

pkHaom b0*wdwkdY? a'go'm0daem=tjypfukd Ijrifjcif;
tavh&Sdukef\/
1/
2/
3/
4/
5/
6/

tavmbZmo,"mwf/
ta'goZmo,"mwf/
tarm[Zmo,"mwf/
aeurZ mo,"mwf/
y0da0uZmo,"mwf/
ed&PZmo,"mwf/
(tZmo,"mwf 6-yg;/)

tZmo, tus,f j y
opfyifwdkYrSm cdkifjrJ&ef tESpfxnfhouJhodkY tavmif;tvsm
wdkYrSmvnf; cdkifjrJ&ef tESpfxnfhaom "mwf 6-yg;? "mwf 6-yg;
tESpfwnfNyD;aomolrSefvQif umr*kPfudk cHpm;yifaejim;
aomfvnf; rsuEf mS 0 r&Sad om Al;td;k udk a&eufepf xm;onfEiS hf
wl\/
"mwf 6-yg; tESpf rwnfao;aom ykxkZOfonf us,f
aom rsufESm0&Sdaom ajrtdk;udk a&euf epfxm;onfESifhwl\/
avmu tcsdKUaomolonf vljzpfaejim;aomfvnf;
"mwf 6-yg; toif&h \
dS ? a&euf csnzf UJG jrK yx
f m;aom xkAd ;l td;k ESihf
wl\/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

44

tcsdKUaomolonf &[ef;jzpf aejim;aomfvnf; "mwf

6-yg;r&Sd? a&wdrf jrKyfxm;aom xkdajrtdk;ESifhwl\/
- vlwdkYumr*kPfonf a&eufESifhwl\/
- &[ef;wd\
Yk ausmif;aumif; uefaumif; tdy&f maumif;
ae&maumif; t0wfaumif; tpm;aumif;ypnf;
y&du&mrsm;onf a&wdrfESifh wl\/
1/ tavmb"mwfESpf rwnfuek af om olwo
Ydk nf avmb
uif;Sif; &ef pum;ukd Mum;em&vQif em;NiD;ukef\/
2/ ta'go"mwfESpf rwnfukefaom olwkdYonf a'go
aysmufNidrf;&ef pum;ukd Mum;em&vQif em;NiD;ukef\/
3/ tarm["mwfESpf rwnfukefaom olwkdYonf w&m;
usrf;*ef ynmA[kkw pum;ukd Mum;em&vQif em;NiD;ukef\/
4/ edur"mwfESpf rwnfuek af om olwo
Ydk nf awmxGu&f ef
pum;ukd Mum;em&vQif em;NiD;ukef\/
5/ y0da0u"mwfESpf rSdukefaomolwkdYonf awmawmif
0if wpfukd,fa& wpfum,aexkdif&ef pum;ukd Mum;em&vQif
em;Ni;D uke\
f /
6/ ed&P"mwfESpf rSu
d ek af om olwo
Ydk nf b0ukd uJ&h UJ
aom pum;ukd Mum;em&vQif em;NiD;ukef\/
1/ tavmb"mwfESpf rSad om olwu
Ydk dk wpfr;l wef wpfrwf
wef wpfusyfwef wpfq,fwefrQ ao;EkyfvSaom avmbtmHk
onf jrifhrdk&f awmifBuD;uJhodkY zdpD;xm;Edkif\? tavmb"mwfESpf

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

45

tm;aumif;vSaom olwu
Ykd kd ya'o&mZf {u&mZfpMumrif; pnf;pdrf
onfyif jrufajcmufwpf yifrQuJhodkYjzpf\/
2/ ta'go"mwfESpf rwnfaom olwdkYtm; tenf;i,frQ
avmuf aom tcGiEhf iS jhf zpfaoma'goonf yGg;pD;aom tzdo
Yk aYkd &muf
av\ tvGefajcmufaoGUaom jrufawm usLawm trdIufawm
usaom rD;ayguf rD;zGm;i,fuJhodkYyifwnf;? ta'go"mwfESpfwnf
aomolwdkYtm; wpfOD;ESifh wpfOD; toufpnf;pdrfudk cdkufjzpfyGg;
aoma'goonfvnf; cPrMum aysmufNidrf;;\? tvGef&Trf;&Trf;
pdk&TJaom tESpftwdjynfhaom opfazmifBuD; opfyHkBuD; usaom
rD;xkyf rD;vHk;BuD;uJhodkYwnf;/
3/ tarm["mwfESpf r&Sad om olwu
Ykd kd rdru
d ,
kd cf Emig;yg;
kyef mrf w&m;wdYk tpOfxm0& arSmifBu;D csaeaom arm[onf
,cktcg "ruEmwnf;[laom ae0ef;taygif; &Spfaomif;av;
axmif wpfNyKd ief uf xGe;f aeaomtcgrSmyif rsuaf wmifwpfcwf
vQyfwpfjyufrQ tvif;r&? pkwdusatmif arSmifNrJ rdkufNrJ zHk;vTrf;NrJ
twdkif;ESifhyif wpfb0qHk;apEdkif\/
y#doaEuyif yom'puKcsdKUcJhaomoludk rsufpdt&mwGif
tpOf xm0& tydef;us vmcJhaom tEum&arSmifBuD;onf
aeAdrmefaygif; &Spfaomif;av;axmif wpfNydKifeufxGufjyL
xGe;f vif;cdu
k Bf uKH aomfvnf; rsuaf wmifwpfcwf vQyw
f pfjyufrQ
tvif;r& pkwdusatmif zHk;vTrf;avouJhodkYwnf;/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

46

4/ edur"mwfESpf r&SdaomolwdkYtm; ,ckb0jyKorQaom

'ge\ tusdK; oDv\tusdK; Oaygox\tusdK; wG,fwm
om,maom wPSm avmbonf xdu
k o
k v
kd w
f u
Ykd kd yg&rDrsKd ; aAm"drsK;d
ysufavatmif aESmifh,Suf wnfae\/
aumif;pGm jyKjyifxm;aom pyg;rsdK; ajymif;rsdK; yJrsdK;wdkYudk
xd;k aom yd;k i,fwo
Ykd nf xdpk yg; ajymif; yJwu
Ykd kd rsKd ;ysuaf vatmif
jyKMuukeo
f uJo
h w
Ykd nf;/ 0g=aumif;pGmjzpfxeG ;f aom aumufcif;
ajymif;cif;wdkY usaom jrpfydk; qpfydk; &Gufydk; yGifhydk; oD;ydk;wdkYuJh
wnf;/
5/ y0da0u"mwfESpf r&SdaomolwdkYudk taygif;tazmf
arGUavsmf aomwPSmonf qdwNf ird &f maecGiu
hf kd ray;bJtaygif;
tazmf&&dS modo
Yk m rMumkwjf cnf; twif;qGiJ if twGiNf co
H iG ;f aom
trIudk xm0&jyKav\? &mZ0wfaumif axmifom;wdkYudk wpf
a,mufwpfjcm; qdwu
f ,
G &f m aeonfujkd rifvQif cPcsi;f du
k yf w
k f
iifq
JG wpfv;kH xJ zGUJ aESmifaom axmifrLS ; tmPmom;uJo
h w
Ykd nf;/
6/ ed &P "mwf E S p f r&Sdaom olwdkYudk b0eduEd
wPSmonf b0rSuRwv
f w
G t
f ahH om y#dywfvrf; y#da0"vrf;rsm;
udk tm;uscGifh ray;rl b0pnfum;tHhaom yknmbdocFg&rsdK;
jzpfaom wpf&mukef wpfaxmif ukew
f pfaomif;ukef wpfoed ;f ukef
vSLrI 'gef;rI Z&yfwefaqmif; *lausmif; bk&m; aqmufvkyf
wnfxm;rI ig;yg; &Spfyg; q,fyg;oDv OykofrI vloDv0E &[ef;
oDv0E &aoh oDv0E jyKvyk rf I pmcsaycs "ruxdu usr;f jyK*efjyKjyKvkyfrIwdkYom tm;uscGifhudk ay;ownf;/

Owryk&do'DyeD

tpodYk

47

t*Fvyd rf if;wdo
Yk nf rdrw
d yYkd ikd &f m Edik if o
H m;wdt
Yk m; qif;&J
om;b0 OpmpD;yGg;jzpfxGef;atmif vkyfaqmif tm;usrI
udkum; aumif;pGm tcGifhay;\? ykefuefykefpm; jyK&maom
vufeufu&d ,
d mrIuu
kd m; wpfxmG av;opfrQ vkycf iG rhf ay;
ouJo
h w
Ykd nf;/
]b0eduE}d qko
d nfum;- tem*wfb0okYd zGUJ aom
eduEd vnf;wpfyg; ,ckypKyefcEm om,maom b0
eduEdvnf;wpfyg;? ,cktcgonf r*fPf zkdvfPfukd
&xkdufaomtcgvnf;jzpf\? r*fvrf;zkdvfvrf;ukd Tefjy
aoma'oem"rvnf; enf;aygif; taxmifru yd#uwf
awmfwGif xifSm;Sd\? ,ckypyefcEm om,maom
eduEad Mumifh rdrw
d u
Ydk ,
dk cf Emukd nmwmonft
h wGuf ouf
pGeBYf uKd ;yrf; tm;rxkwMf uaomaMumifh omoemy &aohwYdk
&Muaom psmefrQukdrS ,ckumv r&Muavownf;/
tZmo,"mwf 6-yg; NyD;\/

-----------oA K nK aAm"d a vmif ; wd k Y \ wH c G e f B uD ; 4-yg;

om0uaAm"dtavmif; yapuaAm"dtavmif;wkEYd iS hf rquf
qHaom oAnKaAm"dtavmif;wkdY\ wHcGefBuD; 4-yg;ukd jyaytHh/
1/
2/

vd * F 4-yg;
`Ed,?
y#dywd?

Owryk&do'DyeD

tpodYk
3/
4/

48

aumov?
tZmo,/

1/ o'gjzpfcef;qkdufvQif o'gwGefYjcif;rSd/ 0D&d,jzpfcef;

qku
d v
f Qif 0D&,
d wGejYf cif;rS/d owdt&mqku
d v
f Qif owdweG jYf cif;rS/d
orm"dt&mqku
d v
f Qif orm"dvyI f mS ;jcif;rS/d ynmt&mqku
d v
f Qif
ynmwGejYf cif;rS/d okYd a`Ei g;yg;wk\
Yd xufoefjcif;txl;onf
`E,
d rnf\/
tcsuif g;yg;vnf;olum;- oAnKtavmif;aywnf;[k
od&ef wHcGefaywnf;/
2/ ypKyeftusKd;pD;yGg;ukd tm;xkwfrIvnf; rdrd\ tusKd;
pD;yGg;xuf olwpfyg;\ tusK;d pD;yGg;ukd txl;tcRef tvGev
f v
dk m;\
olwpfyg;\ tusKd;pD;yGg;ukd tm;xkwfqJ tm;xkwfNyD;wkdYvnf;
xkdol\ aus;Zl;wkHYukd rawmifhwjcif;? aus;Zl;ukd rsufarSmufrsuf
uG,f azmfjyvkdaompdwfrS pifMu,fjcif;? xkdolonf aus;Zl;ukd
acszsuf touftE&m,fukdyif jyKaomfvnf; aus;Zl;rIukd acsm
armatmif aqmif&Gufjcif;onfvnf; ypKyeftusKd; y#dywd
rnf\/
'ge oDvpaom ukov
dk rf u
I dk jyKonfadS omf ukov
dk t
f usK;d ukd
awmifhwjcif; rdrduRwfvGwf&ef edAmefr*fzkdvfukd awmifhwjcif;wkdYrS
vGwfuif; ow0gtrsm;ukd u,fq,fEkdif&ef oAnKwPf
uko
d m awmifw
h jcif;onf wrvGet
f usK;d y#dywrd nf\? y#dywd
rIonfvnf; olum; r[maAm"dtavmif;Bu;D aywnf;[k od&ef

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

49

wHcGefaywnf;/
3/ aumov qko
d nfum; qku
d w
f u
dk f vmorQaom tcGihf
Ny;D pD;&ef vrf;rSeu
f dk vsijf refpmG odEidk af om pdEm r,Pf wcFPyk w
d
Pfwnf;? om0uavmif; yapuavmif;wkdYonfvnf; rdrdwkdY
tm;avsmfpGm pdEmr, wcFPkywd Sdaumif;Sd&m SdMuygukef
aomfvnf; acsmfcRwfonfom rsm; ukef\? bk&m;tavmif;wkdY\
pdEmr, wcFPkywdPfrSm acsmfcRwfonf rSdEkdif? aumov
vnf; wHcGefwpfyg;/
4/ tZmo,ukdum; yg&rDq,fyg;ESifhcsJU usrf;*efrSm
tus,jf y\ tusO;f rQujkd yqkt
d /Hh / tvSL'ge tvGeaf rGUavsm\
f ?
tvSL0wKSdvsuf rvSL&vQif raewwfSd\? vSLaomtcg &Tif
vef;aompdwf tkdtao tav;*kjyKaompdwf tNrJwnf\
b,frQavmuf tBuD;tus,f vSL&aomfvnf; vSLrI tm;&onf
[l rSd tvSLcHyk*Kdvfvkdtyfaom 0wKonf rdrdrSmSdcJhtHh? tvSLcH
yk*dKvf\ rsufESmukdMunfh wkdif;wmjcif;vnf;rSd? rdrdokH;aqmif
&efukdajrmf wkdif;wmjcif;vnf; rSd? tvSLcHyk*dKvf\ tvkdqEukd
jznfph rG ;f vkad om pdww
f pfco
k m S\
d ? onfu&dk nf Ak'0 ifygVdawmf,xmyd ukarm orKaPm}}} ponfjzifh a[mawmfrl\/
]],xmyd
yg&rDcef;vnf;.....
]]yrmrnfonf? vlUjynf? qDMunf&ufwuf? a&jynfh
vsufom;? Budrfcufazmif;uef? zsOf;tkd;wefukd? ajymif;jyef
OD;apmuf? oGeb
f ad rSmufu? wpfayguft&nf? enfrQr<uif;?

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

50

atmuf[if;vif;vQi?f us,0f ef;xufcsn;f ? ,ko

d nfeh nf;uk?d
wkdifwnf;aS;SL? oufaorl? tvSLt&m ay;aom
tcg...
[lvnf;aumif;....
vljzpfapmfnD? i'kDESifh? tnDEIef;Mu? a*goDv[k? EGm;rQ
apmifhom;? rajzmifhESvkH;? opfwkH;wpfql? awmifolirl;/
xkx
Yd ufx;l om;? aus;Zl; o&Pm? ygPmwdygwf? vGwo
f nfup?
rQazmfxkwf? vltpkwfudk? t,kwftvwf? tjrwfjzifhtm
okH;yg;vSLcH? SifhtxHokdY? n,Hrkd;aomuf? rjywfa&mufrl?
jrwfavmuf,kwfwef? qifjcif[efjzifh? ay;vGefydrfhavm? wef
ydrfhavm[k? ESajrmxkdif;wGJU? a&G;cs,frJhvQif-[l vnf;aumif; pyfqkdayonf/
aemufuAsm-1/ tvZD 'kDv/
2/ a*goDv/
3/ rdvuK/
4/ o&P*kw
H nf/
5/ yOow
D nf/
6/ o&P*kH yOoDvwnf/
okdYpaom tvSLcHyk*Kdvf t,kwf tvwf tjrwfwkdY
yk*Kdvfukd Munfh tenf;trsm;wkdif;wmjcif;rSd/ taumif;tnHh
wkdif;wmjcif; rSdonfukd pyfqkdayonf/ /um;-'gerIESifh pyf

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

51

]olum;-r[maAm"dBuD;aywnf;} [k odEkdif&ef wHcGefaywnf;/

aemufaemufaom yg&rDwkdYvnf; enf;ukdrSD r[maAm"dwHcGefukd
odav/ /ygVdukd rMunfhEkdifolwkdYrSm yg&rDuAsmESifhyif r[maAm"dwHcGefukd
odMuav/

wPS m ed w wH c G e f
,ckumvum;--r[maAm"dwGifrS ynm"duukd awmifhw
Mu\? olwkdY jyKykH rlykH wHcGefrSmrlum;--om0u aAm"dwHcGefrQ vSvS
ray:acs? ,ckb0 yumoeukd vkdvm;jcif;- aemif,ckjyKaom
ukodkvf\ tusKd;ukd BuD;BuD;rm;rm; vkdvm;jcif;[laom wPSm
eddw wHcGefukdom pGifh&&Gifh jrif&acs\/
tusK;d ukd rawmifw
h ESihf qkcd v
hJ Qi?f ]]tusK;d ukd vk
d om jyKonf?
tusKd;ukd rvkdcsifvQif b,foljyKrvJ}} [k tvGJukd aighMuao;\?
tusKd;ukd rawmifhwbJ jyKEkdifvQif tusKd;vnf; rsm;rsm;BuD;&\?
aAm"dorm&vnf; ajrmuf\? tusKd;ukdawmifhwjyKvQif tusKd;
vnf;enf;yg;\? yg&rDvnf; rajrmuf? yk;d azmufaom pyg;rsK;d - jrpfy;dk
qpfykd;usaom aumufyifESifh wlav\/
tcsKUd aom olwu
Ydk vnf; ]wpfb0xuf wpfb0 &ifv
h rd rhf nf?
b0ukd rawmifhwyJ jyKaomfvnf; ,ckjzpfEkdifwJhonf r[kwf?
b0orwd abm*orwdukdvnf; &OD;rSyif awmfonf} [kqkdMu
uke\
f ? opfyifi,fwYkd rnfonf rk;d Owk Spd Oftcgom aygufEidk Mf u
ukef\? aygufMuaom opfyifi,f taxmiftaomif;wGifrSvnf;

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

52

tjrpfyifpnf ckid Nf r
J t&yftaeoifv
h aS om wpfyifwpfavrQom
aEG&moDudk usL; aSUrk;d OD;ESihf qufEidk \
f ? aqmif;&moD aEG&moDrmS
ysupf ;D Muonfom rsm;\? ESprf ;dk ok;H rk;d av;rk;d ponfjzifh Bu;D yGg;&u
aemufOwktwGufESifh rysufpD;wJhEkdifNyD/
twl tppGm yg&rDtyifi,fwkdYrnfonfvnf; bk&m;
omoem "rwnf;[laom rkd;OwkESifh awGUBuHKaomtcgom
jzpfEkdifMuukef\? jzpfMuol taxmiftaomif;wdkYwGif ajcajc
jrpfjrpfjzpfol wpfa,muf wpfavrQ omoemywnf;[laom
aEG&moDBu;D uku
d sL; aemufb&k m; omoemwnf;[laom a&SUrd;k ESihf
qufEdkifonf? twktyjzpfcJhMuorQwdkYonf omoemywnf;
[laom aqmif;&moD aEG&moDwdkYrSm uG,faysmufMuonfom
rsm;uke\
f /
ed , w ra&muf a o;aom yg&rD w d k Y \
ted , w jzpf y H k
omoemytcgrnfonf a,bk,stm;jzifh rdpm 'd|o
d mrsm;\?
rdpm 'd|rd sKd ;jzpf wpfcak om rdpm t,lukd pGjJ rpJ mG ,lvu
kd o
f nf&adS omf
twk tyrQjzpfcahJ om yg&rDpo
k nf uG,af ysmufjcif;odaYk &mufav\?
ESpb
f 0 oH;k b0 ponf,&l m qdzk ,
G rf &SNd y?D um;- ed,wtjzpfoYkd
ra&mufuek af o;aom yg&rDw\
Ykd ted,wjzpfyt
kH jcif;t&mwnf;?
uJ h o d k Y uG , f a ysmuf c J h a omt&monf terw* o H o &m
oloil gig ow0gwdrYk mS tcg aygif; terw*yif &S&d mNy?D xdaYk Mumifh
wpfb0xufwpfb0 &ifhtHhaom tvm;rsm;udk tm;jyK yg&rD

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

53

qkawmif;rI twktyESifhNyD;Mu ravsmfay/

vd*F 4-yg; NyD;\/

odkYjyqdkcJhNyD;aom yp, 4-yg;? a[wk 4-yg;? tZmo,

"mwf 6-yg;pkonf r[mbdeD[m& pcef;odkY qdkufzdkYtaMumif;
pkvnf;jzpf\? txuf yg&rDwdkY\ taMumif;vnf;jzpf\/ /NyD ; \/
ed,wAsm'dwfudk&ojzifh r[mbdeD[m&udp xajrmuf
atmifjrif NyD;aom oAnKtavmif;awmfBuD;wdkYtm; Av 4-yg;
tp&d, 4-yg; ukPm Oyg,aumov 2-yg; blrd 4-yg;
tZmo, 6-yg; tZmo,q,fyg; tp&Sdukefaom r[maAm"d
taqmuftODwdkYonf tus,fvmukefao;\/
a&S; jyqdck NhJ y;D aom tcsuw
f jYkd zifyh ifvQif armifaomf
avQmufqdkaom oAnKywem r[maAm"d vkyf&yfvrf;BuD;
onf xif&Sm;vSNyDjzpf rxkwfNyD/
wGifa&GUum; yuwdom0uqk r[mom0uqk t*om0uqk
yapuAk'qk ormorK'qkig;yg;wdkYudk jyqdkcsufNyD;\/
yxr avQmufcsuf tajz NyD;\/

------------

Owryk&do'DyeD

tpodYk

54

'k w d , cef;
1/
2/
3/
4/

cEmig;yg;\ okyfoabm t"dyg,f/

opmav;yg;\ okyfoabm t"dyg,f/
cEmig;yg;udk opmzGJUenf;/
r*if&Spfyg;\ okyfoabm t"dyg,fESifhwuG
edAmefa&mufatmif yGg;enf;rsm;udk odvdkygonf
[laom 'k w d , avQmuf c suf ---l y u E m Pf t csuf j y-7-yg;

1/ cEmig;yg;\ okyfoabm t"dyg,fonf okwefenf;

tbd"rmenf; ESpfvrf;&Sdonf/
r*fzv
kd u
f kd r&ao;ukeaf om ykxZk efwt
Ykd m; ,ckb0 r*fzv
kd f
udk&zdkY ur|mef;jyKvkyfjcif;iSm tusOf;tm;jzifh a[mawmfrltyf
aomenf;onf okwefenf;rnf\/
ur|mef;udpu
kd y"merjyKr
l w&m;"r&o
dS rQukd tuket
f pif
a0zef a[mawmfrlaomenf;onf tbd"rmenf;rnf\/
tbd"rmenf; rnfonfum; r*fzv
kd u
f kd &Ny;D aom t&d,m
yk*Kd vw
f t
Ykd m; y#dor'd gPf yGg;pD;&ef tusKd ;iSg jzpf\? w&m;tpdwf
tvD rsm;jym;vSaomaMumifh ykxZk OfwYkd ur|mef;t&mESihf ouf0if
Edkifaomenf; r[kwf/
/ Oyrmum; avSi,fwufpif;ESifh ul;
oef;oGm;vm toufarG;aomolwdkYonf jrpfjyifom ul;oef;

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

55

oGm;vmuke&f m\? r[mork'& m jyif roGm;uke&f m? r[mork'& m

udk oGm;vmEkid af vmufaom avSBu;D wufBu;D oabFmBu;D xlaxmif
EdkifaomtcgrS ork'&mudk csif;eif;ukef&m\/
,ckumvum; r*fPf zdkvfPfudk &vdk &[ef;jyKMu
onf r[kwf? yg&rDudkrQ &vdk &[ef;jyKaom t&mjzpfMu
ur|mef;tvkyu
f kd vkyaf omolr&SMd u? ynmyg&rD tpD;tyGg;tusKd ;iSm
csydkYoifMum;rI ajyma[mrIrQudkom tm;xkwfMuaomtcgjzpf
tbd"rmenf; wGiu
f s,f jyefownf;? pmtkyf um; okwe ef nf;
udkom xkwfaytHh/
(u) ow|me ukoavm bdua0 bduK wd0d"lyy&duD
ro "r0ed a, au0vD 0kow
d 0g ]Owryk&ad om}
wd 0kpwd/
uxO bdua 0 bduK owXme ukoavm a[mwd/
" bdua0 bduK lyH yZmemwd? lyork',H
yZmemwd lyeda&m"H yZmemwd lyeda&m"*grde
y#dy'H yZmemwd? ly tm'H yZmemwd? ly
tm'De0H yZmemwd? ly ed&PH yZmemwd/
1/ uwrO bdua 0 lyH pwma&m p r[mblwm pwkEO
r[mblwmeH Oyg'g, ly?H 'H 0kpw
d bdua 0 ly/H
2/ tm[m&ork',m lyork'a,m/
3/ tm[m& eda&m"m lyeda,ma"m/

Owryk&do'DyeD

tpodYk
4/

5/
6/
7/

56

t,ar0 t&da,m t|*aum ra*g lyeda&m"*grdeDy#dy'g/ ao,sxd'H orm'd|d? ormouFayg?

orm0gpm? ormuraEm? ormtmZDa0g? orm
0g,marm? ormowd? ormorm"d/
,HlyH y#dp OyZwd okcH aomreH/ t,H ly
tma'g/
,H lyH tedpH 'kuH 0dy&dPmr"rH? t,H ly
tm'Dea0g/
a,m lyo qE&m*0dea,m qE&m*y[meH? 'H
ly ed&PH/
(cE0*oH,kw-yg 50)
Pftcsuf 7-XmeESifhwuG lyuEm NyD;\/
-------------------------

bdua0=&[ef;wdkY? ow|me ukoavm=ckepfXme vdrm

aom? wd0d"lyy&duD=oHk;yg;aomtjym;udk pHkprf;jcif; tavh&Sdaom?
bduK=kyfab;udk ajrmfjrifEdkifol &Sifvltaygif;onf? ro
"r0dea,=oAnK omoem? au0vD=NyD;pD;jynfhpHkvHkavmuf
aom? 0kodw0g=onfrStxuf wdk;wuf usifhoHk;zG,f r&Sdaom?
0g=oHo&m onfcgwpfjyif tusifhcGifodkY 0ifzG,f udpr&Sdaom?
Owryk&daomwd=tjrwfacgifzsm; a,musfm; tmZmenf[l?
0kpw
=d qdt
k yf\/
bdua 0=&[ef;wd?Yk bduK =&[ef;onf? uxO=tb,fov
Ykd Qi?f
ow|meukoavm=ckepfXmevdrmonf? a[mwd=jzpfoenf;/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

57

bdua0=&[ef;wdkY? "=omoem? bduK=onf? lyH=

kyfw&m;udk? yZmemwd=t[kwfod\? lyork',H=kyfjzpfyGg;jcif;\
taMumif;w&m;udk? yZmemwd=t[kwfod\? lyeda&m"H=kyf\
csKyq
f ;Hk cGiu
hf ?kd yZmemwd= t[kwo
f \
d ? lyeda&m"*grde y#dy'H=ky\
f
csKyfqkH;jcif;odkY qdkufa&mufap wwfaomtusifhrsKd;udk? yZmemwd=
t[kwfod\? ly=kyf\? tm'H=om,mzG,fudk? yZmemwd=
t[kwo
f \
d ? ly=ky\
f ? tm'De0H=aMumuf rufz,
G af omab;ud?k
yZmemwd=t[kwo
f \
d ? ly=ky\
f ? ed&PH=uRwv
f w
G cf iG u
hf ?kd
yZmemwd=t[kwo
f \
d /
yg;pyfu ajymwwfa[mwwfonfudk t[kwfodrqdk? trSwfodom qdk&
\? udk,fwGif;rSm tvif;aygufatmif odonfudkom t[kwfodqdkownf;/

1/ bdua0=&[ef;wdkY? uwrO=tb,fw&m;onf? lyH=

kyfrnfoenf;? pwma&m=av;yg;ukefaom? r[mblwmp=ajr a&
av rD; bkwBf u;D av;yg;wdo
Yk nfvnf;aumif;? pwkErH [mblwmeH=
ajr a& av rD; bkwBf u;D av;yg;wdu
Yk ?kd Oyg'g,lyO=pGaJ rQmifrw
DS ,
G f
kyfi,f ESpfq,fhav;onfvnf;aumif;? oEd=Sdukef\? bdua0=
&[ef;wdkY? 'H=tpkudk? lyH=kyf[l? 0kpwd=qdktyf\/
2/ tm[m&ork',m=ud,
k w
f iG ;f tm[m&"mwfqD MoZmwdYk
wuf aeonf&Sdaomf? lyork'a,m=kyfjzpfyGg;aeonf?
a[mwd=jzpf\/
3/ tm[m&eda&m"m=tm[m&"mwfqD MoZmcsKyq
f ;Hk ukecf ef;
cJhonfSdaomf? lyeda&ma"m=kyf\csKyfqkH; ukefcef;jcif;onf?
a[mwd=jzpf\/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

58

4/ t&da,m=jzLpifaom? t|*aum=t*FgSpfyg;Sdaom?
t,ar0 ra*g=igbk&m;omoemwnf;[laom r*fw&m;onf
omvQif? ly eda&m"*grdeD y#dy'g=kyf\csKyfNidrf;&mpcef;odkY
qdkufapwwfaom tusifhw&m;wnf;? ao,sxd'H=tb,ft*Fg
Spyf g;enf;[lru
l m;? orm'd|=d kyf tvif;aygufaom Pfvnf;
wpfyg;? ormouFayg=kyf tcsurf ad tmif BuzH efaom ormouFy
vnf;wpfyg;? orm0gpm=orm0gpmvnf;wpfyg;? ormuraEm=
ormurEv
nf;wpfyg;? ormtmZDa0g=ormtmZD0vnf; wpfyg;?
orm0g,marm=orm0g,mrvnf;wpfyg;? ormowd=ormowd
vnf;wpfyg;? ormorm"d=ormorm"dvnf; wpfyg;? t,H=onf
um;? t|*aum=aom? ra*g=r*fwnf;/
5/ ly=H kyu
f ?kd y#dp= pJ
G ? ,Hock =H tMuifu,
kd \
f csr;f omjcif;
onf vnf;aumif;? ,HaomreH=tMuifpw
d \
f MunfvifiT v
f ef;
csrf;om 0rf;ajrmufjcif;onfvnf;aumif;? OyZwd=jzpf\? t,H=
okcaom reonf? ly=kyf\? tma'g=om,mbG,f
aywnf;/
6/ lyH-ly=kyf\? ,HtedpH=tMuiftedprIonf? ,H'kuH=
tMuif 'kurIonf? ,H0dy&dPmr"rH=tMuifzdkz&J azmufvJ
azmufjyef jzpfrIonf? OyZwd=jzpf\? t,H=onfum;? ly=
kyf\? tm'Dea0g=aMumufrufzG,faomab;wnf;/
7/ lyo=kyf? a,mqE&m*0dea,m=tMuifawmifhw
wyfpGef;rIudk y,fazsmufjcif;onf? ,HqE&m*y[meH=tMuif
awmifw
h wyfpeG ;f rIukd y,fjcif;onf? tw=d &S\
d ? 'H=trIonf?

Owryk&do'DyeD

tpodYk

59

ly=kyf\? ed&PH=uRwfvGwfrIaywnf;/
teufNyD;\/
Pftcsuf 7-yg;NyD;\/

---------yxraumov X mejy
- ajr a& rD; av (4) um;-trmcH"mwfBuD; 4-yg;/
- puK aomw Cme Zd0gS um, (5) um; tMunfyom'
urZ"mwfrSef 5-yg;/
- ly o' *E &o azm|A (5) um; tmkH"mwf 5-yg;/
- wdabm ykarm? (2 ) um; bm0kyf 2-yg;/
- ZD0dw (1)/
- [',0wK (1)/
- tm[m&kyf (1)
kyfppf 18-yg; okyfNyD;\/

udk,f1/ cufrmrI trsKd;rsKd; Ell;nHhrI trsKd;rsKd;onf y&rwfajr

tppfwnf;/
2/ ,dkpD;rI zGJUwG,fap;uyfrIonf y&rwfa&tppfwnf;/
3/ ylavmifrI aygif;aET;rI aEG;rI at;rI csrf;rIonf y&rwfrD;
tppfwnf;/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

60

4/ vIyfSm;rI yGGrI azmif;<urI a0SYwGef;rI awmifhwif; oefrm

rIonf y&rwfavtppfwnf;/
wpfu,
kd v
f ;Hk twk;H tcJ[al om orl[ynwfpu
k kd tPkjrLrQ
ruseaf tmif PfEiS rhf w
I v
f iT
hf Munfw
h wfrS y&rwf ajrppf a&ppf
avppf rD;ppfudk jrifEdkifonf? ajrppf avppf rD;ppf okH;yg;rSm
azm|A"mwfrsK;d jzpf ud,
k t
f *FgESihf xdyg;prf;oyf
f yif awGU\? od\?
oli,frsm;onfyif El;nHhonf Murf;wrf;onf[kodMu\? y&rwf
ajrudk "mwfcGJum; r,lwwfMu? at;onf ylonfudkvnf;
oli,frsm;yifodMu\? y&rwfrD;udk "mwfcGJum; rodMu? vIyfSm;
onf awmifhwif;onf ckcHwGef;a0SUonf yGGavsmh&Jonf udkvnf;
odMu\? y&rwfavtppfudk "mwfcGJ rodMu? "mwfMuD;
lyH= kyfudk?
av;yg;udk "mwfcGJ y&rwftppfudk odEkdifayvQif---l
yZmemwd=t[kwfod\? [laom yxrXmeqdkufNyD/
tZwtMunf[kqdktyfaom rSef"mwfig;rsKd;wGif rsufpdrSef
em;rSef ESmrSef vQmrSef rSefkyf av;rsKd;um; olUae&mESifhol?
um,rSe"f mwfum; twGi;f ty wpfu,
kd v
f ;Hk jynf\
h ? tmkiH g;yg;udk
cH,al om urZ"mwfreS f tZw" mwfreS f kyaf o;rsK;d ig;yg;aywnf;?
tmkH"mwfig;yg; xifSm;NyD? ajr"mwf rD;"mwf av"mwf "mwf
BuD;okH;yg;udkyif azm|Aac:onf/
- wdoPmefudk tkyfpkd; wdwpfudk,fvkH; ESHUjym;
wnfaom kyfao;wpfrsKd;onf wdabmkyf rnf\/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

61

- yk&dooPmefudk tkyfpdk; yk&dowpfudk,fvkH; ESHUjym;

wnfaom kyfao;wpfrsKd;onf ykarm rnf\/
- ur Z k y f w d k U \ touf [ k q d k t yf a om wpf u d k , f v k H ;
ESHUwnfaom kyfi,fwpfrsKd;onf ZD0dwkyfrnf\/
- pdwf\ wnf&mrSD&mjzpf olrS aumif;aompdwf raumif;
aompdwf xGufaomkyfao;wpfrsKd;onf [',0wKkyf
rnf\? ESvkH;tdrfwGif; wnf\/
cyford ;f aom r[mbkww
f \
Ykd y&rwf"mwfq[
D q
k t
kd yfaom
wpfudk,fvkH;udk axmufyHhaomkyfi,fwpfrsKd;onf tm[m&kyf
rnf\? umrbko
H m;wdYk aeYpOfrjywf tpmxrif; oGi;f &rsK&d aom
tvkyfum; "mwfqD oGif;&aom tvkyfaywnf;? tNrJxGef;xm;
aom qDrD;cGufBuD; wpfckSdcJhtHh? aeYpOfrjywf qDavmif;&vwHU?
twlrw
S /f
ygVdoH usr;f oHEiS hf ajymaevQif pum;Bu;D \? cef\
Y ?
ajymaeus jrefrmpum;rsKd; r[kwf todPfwef;ceJ
pdkufceJroGm; a,mif0g;BuD; aeMu\? tcsKdUaomolwdkYonf
t*Fvyd pf mudak wGUvQif t*Fvyd o
f EH iS hf tukezf wf ajymEdik Mf u
ukef\? bmudkqdkovJ[k qpfar;vQif jrefrmpum;ESifh
tvkH;aphatmif ae&mcs rjywwf? uJhodkYaeMuonf?
xdaYk Mumifh pmtkyrf mS oabmajymcef;qdu
k v
f Qif jrefrmajym
csnf; vmvwHU/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

62

jyqdkcJhNyD;aom kyfwpfqJhSpfwGif "mwfBuD;av;yg;onf

opfyif\ yifpnf tukdif;tcuf tom;ESifh wl\? aemufkyfao;
wpfqahJ v;onf tGut
f yGihf toD;pkEiS hf wl\? "mwfBu;D av;yg;udk
jzpfrIcsKyfrIESifh wuG jrifEdkifvQif yk*Kdvf[l ow0g[l xifrSwfrI
aysmufNidrf;\? kyfi,f kyfao;pk ckcH raeEdkifNyD? xdkYaMumifh
]pwma&mp r[mblwm}-[k r[m bkwu
f o
dk m ocsmF ESihf a[mawmf
rlonf? a& ajr av rD; xifmS ;Ny;D jzpf okyu
f x
kd w
k
f ra[mNy/D
pMu0VmteE urmteE ow0gteE kyo
f Pmefo
dS rQukd
y&rwftPkjrLtrIefYjyK aowKcsvQif kyf 18-ckom&\? rdrd
ud k , f c E m wpf c k r S m "mwf u G J a tmif jrif v Qif xd k t eE p k " mwf
uGJNyD;jzpfav\/
"mwfBuD;av;yg;udkom tm;xkwf BuHav Munfhav?
toD ; tjcm; "mwf u G J a tmif rxif E d k i f rjrif E k d i f a om
kyaf o;rsm;udu
k m; trI rpku
d Ef iS ?hf jrifEikd &f mudk rJrS tusK;d rsm;
onf? rjrifEikd o
f nfukd trIpu
dk
f tusK;d rrsm;? wpfyg;wnf;
xifEikd v
f Qif wpfyg;wnf;udyk if rJBu?H wpfyg;aumif;aumif;
xifonfhaemuf <uif;orQwdkYvnf; wpfpwpfp xif vm
ukev
f wUH /
rdru
d ,
kd cf Emonf tbd"rmaumifBu;D y&rwfaumif
Bu;D "mwfaumifBu;D tbd"rmcJBu;D y&rwfcBJ u;D "mwfcBJ u;D
aywnf;? xdkYaMumifh rsufpdrIefvSaomolonf rsufpdrSm
rsufrSefwyf ay bkwftkyfSdaom tu&mpmvkH;wdkYudk

tpodYk

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63

uGufuGufuGif;uGif; tvif;jrifatmif MunfhIouJhodkY

a'oemusr;f *efukd rsurf eS w
f yf rdru
d ,
kd cf Em jzpfaeaom
y&rw"r "mwfpmwdu
Yk kd tu&musus uGuu
f u
G f uGi;f uGi;f
xifjrifatmifMunfhav? aMumifqm a,mif0g;BuD;aeMu
aomt&mjzpf trsKd;rsKd;owday;vdkufonf/
um;- lyuEm yxr aumovXmeudk jyqdkaom tcef;wnf;/

yxr aumovXme "mwfBuD;av;yg;udk uGJjym;atmif

jrifEikd rf S aemufaemuf aumovXmepk ae&musEikd rf nf? xdaYk Mumifh
yxraumov udk BuKd;pm; cJav rJav/
yxr aumovXme NyD;\/
-------------------

'k w d , wwd , aumov X mejy

tm[m& ork',m lyork'a,m?
tm[m& eda&m"m lyeda&ma"m/
'kwd, wwd, aumov 2- Xme? -- wzGm;zGm;jzpfay:aerIonf ork',rnf\/
- csKyfqkH; uG,fy oGm;rIonf eda&m" rnf\/
ork',onfvnf; wpfcw
k pfcak om b0 y#doaE aeonf
rSp pkwdusatmif wpfcPrpJ wpfzGm;zGm; jzpfay:aerIwpfyg;?
pkwu
d sNy;D aemuf y#doaEupd E iS hf wpfzmG ;zGm;jzpfay:rI wpfyg;[l
ork',ESpyf g;S\
d /

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

64

eda&m"onfvnf; y#doaE aeonfrSp pkwdusatmif

cPrpJ csKyfysuf uG,faysmufjcif;wnf;[laom cPdueda&m"
wpfyg;? y#doaEaerIrSd oHo&m0#f uRwfvGwf csKyfNidrf;
oGm;jcif;wnf;[laom edAm e eda&m"vnf; wpfyg;[l eda&m"ESpyf g;
S\
d /
tm[m& qdo
k nfum;- aqmif"mwfwnf;/ kyt
f m[m& emrf
tm[m&[l ESpfyg;Sd\/
- kyftm[m& qkdonfum;- y&rwf kyfqDwnf;/
- emrftm[m& qdo
k nfum;- z apwem 0dnmPfwnf;/
urH acwH 0dnmPH ADZH wPSm odaea[m/
(t*FkwdK&f ygVdawmf/)

ur=H rdro
d EmefwiG f tpOfvu
kd yf gaeaom uHa[mif;onf?
acw=H v,fajrrnf\? 0dnmPH=y#doaE0n
d mPfonf? ADZ=H pyg;rsK;d
aph r nf \ ? wPS m =uH E S i f h t wl ygS d aeaom wPS m onf ?
odaea[m=v,fajrtwGif; Sdaeaom a&tap;ESifh wl\/
odv
Yk maom w&m;ok;H yg;wGif apwem[m&udk uHqo
kd nf?
0dnmPm[m&udk 0dnmPfqdkonf? xdkYaMumifh y#doaEtcg
kyfcEm\ tppGmjzpfay:rIum; ADZ[kqdktyfaom y#doaE
0dnmPtm[m&\ tpD; tyGg;aywnf;/
rD;xGef;&m rD;awmuf zGm;ceJawmufvQif rD;a&mifvnf;
zGm;ceJ ay:NrJ"rwmjzpf\odkY y#doaEtcg 0dnmPm[m& zGm;ceJ
ay:vQif kyf cEmonf zGm;ceJ ay:NrJ"rwmjzpf\? xdktcgay:

tpodYk

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65

aom kyfOD; uvmyfOD; pkonf tanmufxdk;rIwnf;? ,ckrsufjrif

cEmyifpnf cufvuf t&Gut
f oD; pnfum;aeaom kycf EmBu;D
um; xdktanmufrS yGg;BuD;pnfum; vmcJhaom tyifBuD;wnf;?
xdw
k iG f y#doaE 0dnmPm[m& ay:aygufro
S m kyn
f eG Yf kyaf nmuf
aygufygG ;Edik o
f nf/
a&S;b0 uHwnf;[laom wPSmwnf;[laom ajrOwk
a&Owk uG,fqHk; pkwdNyD;aemuf 0dnmPm[m& ay:aygufrIr&SdcJh
vQif kyfnGefY kyfanmuf aygufyGg;rIr&Sd csKyfNidrf;\? xdkaMumifh
tm[m&ork ' ,m l y ork ' a,m? tm[m&ed a &m"m l y
ed a &ma"m [k a[mawmfrlonf/
um; kyfcEm\ y#doaEudpESifh wpfzGm;zGm;
jzpfay:rIudk ork',? y#doaEaerIr&Sd oHo&m0#f uRwf
vGwfrI csKyfNidrf;rIudk eda&m"[l jyqdkjcif;wnf;? jzpfrI
csKyrf u
I m; xif&mS ;\? 0dyemPf\ tcsuv
f nf; r[kwf
vS? um; y#doaEkyfnGefY kyfanmuf ay:aygufNyD;
onfrpS tqH;k pkwu
d satmif wpfcw
k pfcak om b0wGi;f
ork',rI eda&m"rIudk vdktyf\/
xkdtrIukd qDrD;awmuf OyrmjzifhjyqkdthH? vlavmufSdaom
qDrD; awmufukd tESpfwpf&mywfvkH; wnfaeatmif arG;jrL&
rnfjzpfcJhthH? wpfaeYwpfaeY wpfnwpfntwGuf qDaygif; tcsifh
tcsdef rnfrQukefrnf[k rSef;Munfh? xkdrD;awmuf\ toufum;
qDae\? qDr;D cGuEf iS hf tjynfq
h D rdS S vlavmufEdS idk \
f ? qDavsmyh g;

Owryk&do'DyeD

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66

oGm;vQif tpOftwkid ;f avsmyh g; oGm;\? qDuek v

f Qif ukeo
f nfEiS hf
wpfNydKifeuf rD;awmuf uG,faysmuf\? yxraeYrSp wpfaeY
wpfaeYvQif ukefoGm;aom qDpkukdvnf; od&rnf? topftopf
xyfavmif;&aom qDpkukdvnf; od&rnf? topfxyf avmif;
aom qDopfrS awmufaom rD;awmufopfukdvnf; od&rnf?
qDa[mif;ESifh rD;awmufa[mif;ukefcef; uG,faysmufrIukdvnf;
od&rnf? qDopfEiS hf rD;awmufopf qDa[mif;ESihf rD;awmufa[mif;
wkdYukd oD;oefY jcm;em; jrifap/
qDukd aq;trsKd;rsKd; qkd; xm;NyD;vQif jzLaomqDukd avmif;
vQif jzLaom rD;awmuf? eDaomqDudk avmif;vQif eDaom rD;awmuf?
0gaom qDukd avmif;vQif 0gaom rD;awmuf okdY wpfem&DpD
wpfcPpD tqifuJG vkyBf u
H Munfah v? Pftcsuu
f kd rsujf rifu
uG,fxm;wwfonf? rsufjrifudk PfESifh rIwfvTifhypf/
rD;awmuf wpfrsKd;wnf;udk aphaphMunfhaevQif vIyfSm;rI
topf topf wufwuf vmrIonf rsujf rifyif? vIyo
f rQonf
topf ta[mif; ajymif;vJrIomwnf;? topfjrif&m[lorQrSm
ta[mif;uG,f aysmufNrJ? topftopf jzpfay:rIpkonf ork',
rIaywnf;? ta[mif; ta[mif;uG,faysmufrIonf eda&m"rIay
wnf;/
-

cE m ud k , f B uD ; rS m aoonf h a emuf w d k i f a tmif

usef v
dS wUH aom OwkZum, Murf;Bu;D um; rD;pmBu;D
rD;tdk;cif;BuD;ESifh wl\/

Owryk&do'DyeD

tpodYk
-

67

ow0g[k rSwfxifzdkY jc,fvS,faeaom urZ

um,pk pd w Z um,pk tm[m&Zum,pk u m;
rD;awmufESifh wl\/
cHwGif;aygufrS wpfaeYwpfaeYvQif ESpfBudrfESpfBudrf
xnfh avmif;&aom tm[m&"mwfqDpkum; xdkrD;
awmufBuD;rSm aeYpOfavmif;&aom qDtrsKd;rsKd;ESifh
wl\/

udk,fcEmrSmvnf; tpmtdrf tm[m&"mwfqD a&muf

vQif wpfu,
kd v
f ;Hk Sad om "mwfr;D wdo
Yk nf xuke\
f ? tm[m&"mwf
qD avsmhyg; oGm;vQif wpfudk,fvkH;Sd "mwfEk kyfEkwdkYonf
avsmhyg; vdkuf&ukef\? tm[m&"mwfqD tvsOfjywfvQif
urZum, pdwZum, tm[m&Z um, twGif;kyfEk"mwfEk
csKyq
f ;Hk uG,af ysmufuek \
f ? wpfu,
kd v
f ;Hk rSmSad om xdu
k m,wdo
Yk nf
tm[m&"mwfqDrSm toufaeukef\? aS;aS; teyf rsKdaom
tm[m&"mwfqDa[mif;pkESifh aS;aS;um,a[mif;pk jzpftwl
ysut
f wl uket
f wl aysmuftwl aemufaemufteyfrmS rsKt
d yfaom
tm[m&"mwfqDopfpkESifh aemufaemuf um,opfpk jzpftwl
ysut
f wl/
avmu a&ow0g uke;f ow0g cyford ;f wdYk toufarG;rI
tm[m&"mwfqD rsKdoGif; jznfhpGuf tvsOfqufrI b,frQavmuf
BuD;us,f usyfwnf; aeMuonf[k wpfajyaxmifvkH;udk ajrmf
vdkufvQif udk,fcEm topfta[mif; ajymif;vJazmufjyefrI

Owryk&do'DyeD

tpodYk

68

tvGejf refaMumif;udk jrifvwUH ? arG;zGm;onfup wpfaeYrw

S pfaeYoYkd
a&mufatmif tm[m& "mwfqD tvsOfquf toufopfysdK;
umysKd ;um vm&rI? toufopf yGg;umyGg;um vm&rIonf xifmS ;
vwHU? tjzL teDtpSdaom rD;awmufBuD;wdkYudk ta[mif;topf
tydkif;tydkif;jzwf MunfhouJhodkY cEmudk,frSmvnf; aS;teyf
aemufteyf tydkif;tydkif;jywfatmif PfESifh oD;oefY jcm;em;
Munfhav/
-

tm[m&"mwfqD topfrsdKoGif; udk,fwGif;rSm

xrif; tpm MoZmwufyGg;qJtcg wpfudk,fvkH;rSm
wdrfawmifwufouJhodkY kyfopf "mwfopf uvmyf
opf toufopfwYkd wd;k yGg;Muonfukd ork',qdo
k nf/

5-em&D 6-em&DcefY wdk;wufNyD;vQif wpfudk,fvkH;rSm

wdk;wuforQ wpfpwpfp qkwfus uG,faysmuf
ukefcef; csKyfqkH;jyefonfudk eda&m" qdkonf/

tm[m& ork',m lyork'a,m? tm[m&

xdaYk Mumif-h ]]tm[m&
eda&m"m lyeda&ma"m}
&ma"m}} [l a[mawmfrlonf/
'kwd, wwd, aumovXme NyD;\/

-------------pwk w aumov X mejy

t,ar0 t&d a ,m t|* a um ra* g l y
eda&m"*grdeD y#dy'g/ ao,sxd'H? orm'd|d/ v/
or m orm"d -

tpodYk

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69

[laom pwkw aumovXme ...

yxr 'kwd, wwd, XmewdkY t[kwfjrifatmif Munfh
cJhaom Pfonf ykAbm* orm'd|dr*if rnf\? xdkykAbm*
orm'd|d r*ifonf MunfhIzefrsm;vS tvGefMunfvif xufoef
jcif;okdY a&mufaomtcg avmukw&m orm'd|d jzpfvm\/
- ormouFyo
nfvnf; ykAb
m* ormouFy? avmukw& m
ormouFy[l ESpfyg;Sd\? orm'd|d\ tazmfo[JBuD;
wnf;/
- atmufujycJhaom rD;awmufrSm ta[mif;topf jcm;
em; ork',rI? eda&m"rIukd rsupf Ed iS Mhf unfo
h vdk jrifru
I m;
orm'd|d wnf;/
- jrifuGufay:atmif tcsufSmBuH ay;wwfonfum;
ormouFywnf;? tcsufSmBuHrI aumif;vSrS aphpyfvSrS
jrifuGufay: onf/
udk,fcEm wpfaeYwpfaeYvQif tcgrsm;pGm udk,fcEm
ajymif;vJr?I tcgrsm;pGm ud,
k cf Emtopftopfjzpfay:rI? tcgrsm;pGm
ud,
k cf Em ta[mif;ta[mif; csKyaf ysmufru
I kd xifvif;pGm jrifru
I m;
orm'd|dr*if wnf;? xifjrifuGufay:atmif tcsufSmBuHay;rI
um; ormouFywnf;/
tb,fodkY tcsufSmBuH ay;oenf; ...wpfajyaxmif
vH;k rSm aeY&o
dS rQ toufarG;rI Bu;D us,yf u
kH kd uyfay;onf? wpfaeY
wpfaeYvQif ESpfxyfESpfxyf tpm"mwfqD rsdKoGif;&rIudk uyf

tpodYk

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70

ay;onf? 0rf;rSmtpmjynfh aomtcg ud,

k cf EmrSm b,fvakd eonf?
tpmavsmhyg;aomtcg b,fvdkaeonf? tpmjywfvQif b,fvkd
aeonf [kxif&Sm;aeaom tcsufawGudk &SmMuHay;onf?
,ckaeYrSp ZrL'DyguRef;tvHk; tpma&pm vHk;vHk;jywfcJhtHh?
b,ftcsdefrSm ZrL'DyguRef;tvHk;onf oif;csdKif;twd jzpfvwHU?
odkY ponfjzifh tcsufawGudk &SmMuHay;onf/
rdru
d ,
kd cf EmrSm wpfxikd w
f nf;rSmyif kycf EmvJajymif;rI kycf Em
topfay:rI kycf Ema[mif;ysuq
f ;kH rIukd PfEiS t
hf [kwf odjrif&ef
udk,fawGUtcsuf rsm;pGm&Sd\? rsufjriftcsuf rsm;pGmSd\? xkdifp
ajc ponfrSm nDnGwfrQwaom kyfcEmpkom &Sd\? rMumrD
twefi,f yl vmrIonf uk,
d af wGUyif? xkaYd emufrMumrD twefBu;D
yl vmrI? xkdYaemuf anmif;onf[k xif&Sm;vmrI? xkdYaemuf
twefi,f xkHvmrI? xkdYaemuf twefBuD; xkHvmrI? xkdYaemuf
twefBuD; usifvmrl? xkdYaemuf rcHEkdifatmif ajcwpfckvkH;usif
rIpkonf ukd,frSmawGUNyD; awGUqJ awGUvwHU? awGUwwf Nzpfwwf
aom trIwpfck[k vlwkdif;odaeaom tcsufawGaywnf;/
xkid Nf cif; &d,mykxf wdrw
f u
dk w
f rd cf aJ wG wufouJo
h Ydk kypf k
kyfcJawG topftopf jzpfay:wkd;wuf vmrI? topftopf
jzpfay:&m Xmepk avjyif;wkduf wdrfwkdufwdrfcJ vGifhaysmuf
ukeo
f uJo
h Ykd xkid pf u &dMS uaom kypf k yk cf pJ k ikww
f w
k af Muaysmuf
oGm;rIwkdYudk xifvif;pGm jrifrIum; orm'd|dr*if\ udpaywnf;/
xkdjrifrI tuGufay:atmif udk,fawGUrsufjrifjzpfaom
tcsufawGudk &SmBuHay;rIum; ormouFyr*if\ udpaywnf;?

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

71

ormouFyr *if tcsuaf y;aumif;rS orm'd|rd *iyf iG v

hf if;Ekid o
f nf?
tcGit
hf rsK;d rsK;d tm;avsmpf mG uk,
d cf Em twGi;f kycf Em topfay:rI
ta[mif;uG,faysmufrIwkdYonf ukd,fawGU'd|ESifhwuG rsufawmif
wpfcwfrQjywfpo
J nf r&Su
d ek Nf y?D xkid af erI wpfcu
k o
dk m erlem pHjyKHk
jyqkv
d u
dk o
f nf/
ormouFy NyD;\/

orm'd|rd *if ormouFyr *iEf pS yf g; wpfaeYwpfjcm; wk;d yGm;

avmukw&mokdY ul;onfESifhwpfjyKdifeuf a&S;a&S;u pdwfoEmef
tpOfygvmcJah om um,'kp u
dk rf sK;d ? 0pD'pk u
dk rf sK;d wku
Yd dk t<uif;rJh
owfEidk af om "mwfo;Hk ck ay:vm\? ,if;"mwfo;Hk ckudk orm0gpm
r*if ormurEr*if ormtmZD0r*ifqkdonf/
orm0g,mr r*ifum;- tvkyf rxajrmuforQ igrem;
igrae[k pufukefvTwfaom 0D&d,wnf;? ,if;ukdory"mefvnf;
ac:\? tmwmy vnf;ac:\? tm&r"mwf? edur"mwf y&ur
"mwf[l okH;yg;&Sd\? tmwmyo'grSm udavomwkdYukd ylyefaoGU
ajcmufapEkdifaom 0D&d,[k zGifhMu\? xkdtvkyf rxajrmuforQ
&ufvt&Snf rtdyrf ae tyltjyif; tyef;cHaom 0D&,
d ukq
d o
dk nf?
tusKd;ESifhwuG vkyfcGihfvkyfvrf;ukd Mum;od&vQif aeYcsif;ncsif;
xvkyfEkdifaom 0D&dukd tm&r"mwf qkdonf? vkyfpOftcg aESmifh
,Su
f vmaom xde rd' aumoZpaom pdw&f wufwu
Ydk kd y,fzsuf
wGef;vSef vkyftm;oefaom 0D&d,udk edur"mwfqdkonf? txuf
txuf tvkyfrS qkwfepf&ef pdwfoEmefrSm ay:vmorQaom

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

72

ab;&efwdkYudk wGefvSefeif;e,f oGm;Edkifaom 0D&d,udk y&ur

"mwfqo
kd nf? ,ckumv 0D&,
d rsKd ; r&SMd u psmefr*f r&Muonf/
- ur|mef;rIwpfr[
k w
k rf Q rvpf&atmif pdwt
f pOfukd twGif
wdkufwGef;aom owdonf ormowdrnf\/
- ur|mef;tmHu
k kd vTw
f wpfyg;odYk pdwrf oGm;rIonf orm
orm"d rnf\/
aemufajcmufyg;aom r*iw
f v
Ykd nf; avmuD avmukw& m
ESpfyg;pD &SdMu\? avmukw&mudk vdktyf\? &Spfyg;aom
w&m;taygif;onf r*opmrnf\/
&Spfyg;wGif orm0gpm ormurE ormtmZD0? oHk;yg;
um; avmukw&mbufodkY ul;aomtcgrS tvdkvdkay:vmaom
t*FgoH;k yg;ay wnf;? rdru
d ,
kd cf Em wpfu,
kd v
f ;kH orm'd|0d Zd m Pf
tvif;aygufatmif arTaESmufazmufxGif; IMunfhjcif;[laom
0dyem bm0emrIum; ormowd? orm0g,mr? ormorm"d?
ormouFy? av;yg;aom pufu&d,mwdkYESifhwuG orm'd|d
wnf;[laom rD;puf&xm;Bu;D udk ud,
k cf Emwnf;[laom wpfvrH Q
avmufaom &xm;vrf; qHzsm;rSajczsm;wdkifatmif ajczsm;rS
qHzsm;wdkifatmif txiftjrif twGifckwfpdkif;ygvQif ckepf&ufESifh
avmukw& medAm efNrKd UBu;D odYk qdu
k af omol? wpfvESiq
hf u
kd af omol?
wpfEpS Ef iS hf qdu
k af omol? ESpEf pS -f oH;k ESp-f av;ESp-f ig;ESp-f ajcmufEpS -f
ckepfESpfESifh qdkufaomol[l usrf;*efwdkY trsdK;rsdK; a[mawmfrl
onf? ork',ESpfrsdK;? eda&m"ESpfrsdK;cGJ jyqdkcJhNyD;aomt&m

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

73

y#doaEudpESifh kyfcEmay:rI csKyfNidrf;aom eda&m"um; edAmefyif

wnf;? eda&m"udk edAmef? avmukw&m edAmefNrdKUBuD; qdkonf/
pwkw aumov XmeNyD;\/

yOr aumov Xmejy

,H lyH y#dp OyZwd okcH aomreH? t,H ly
tma'g
tma'g- [laom yOraumovXme--b0orwd? abm*
orwd? rEkorwd? 'dAorwd? jA[orwd? [laompum;wdkY
okcaomreESpfyg;udk qdkvdk&if;wnf;/
um; ,ck&Sdaom rdrdkyfcEmrSm jyqdktHh/ /puK[laom
tZswrSef"mwf vSywifhw,f IjcifbG,faom taoG;t&nf
ta&miftqif;[laom A[d'ly"mwf? "mwfESpfyg;ckdufwdkuf
aygif;qHrk v
d Qif Munfrh I jrifrEI iS hf pdwEf v
S ;kH &TiNf yKH ;aom okcaomre
"mwfESpfrsdK; jzpfay:\/
yk&GufqdwfwdkYonf ysm;oumwifvJudk cifrufouJhodkY vl
ewfjA[m ow0gwdkYonf xdkokcaomre"mwfESpfckudk cifruf
Muuke\
f ? rd;k OD;usntcg xGe;f xm;aom qDr;D a&mifukd rsm;pGmaom
ydk;aumifwdkYonf cifrufMuouJhodkY okcaomreudk cifrufMu
uke\
f /
um; puK"mwf ly"mwfESpfyg; cHpm; pHpm;bG,f
om,mzG,f tm'&ownf;/

enf;twl-- aomw[laom tZswr eS "f mwf aumif;aom

toHwnf;[laom A[d'o
'"mwf? "mwfEpS yf g;cdu
k w
f u
kd f aygif;qHk

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

74

rdMuvQif Mum;emrIESifh pdwfESvHk;&TifNyHK;aom okcaomre

"mwfESpfrsdK; jzpfay:\/
Cme [laomtZswr eS "f mwf aumif;aomteH[
Y al om A[d'
*E "mwf? "mwfESpfyg; aygif;qHkcdkufwdkufrdvQif erf;rISLrIESifh
pdwfESvHk; &TifNyHK;aom okcaomre"mwf ESpfrsdK;jzpfay:\/
Zd0gS [laomtZswr eS "f mwf-aumif;aom tcsKd tcsOpf aom
t&om [laom A[d' &o"mwf? "mwfESpfyg; aygif;qHkcdkuf
wdkufMuaomtcg pm;rI 0g;rI vsufrIESifh pdwfESvHk;&TifNyHK;aom okc
aomre"mwf ESpfrsdK; jzpfay:\/
udk,fcEmESifh tjynfhtESHYaeaom um,[laom tZwrSef
"mwf? aumif;aomtawGUtxd[laom A[d' azm|A"mwf?
"mwfESpfyg; aygif;qkHcdkufwdkufMuaomtcg udk,ft*FgBuD;i,f
awGUrIxyd g;rIEiS hf pdwEf v
S ;Hk TiNf yK;H aom okcaomre "mwfEpS rf sKd ;
jzpfay:\/
Owko;Hk yg; tNrpJ rd x
hf u
G
f aeaom prf;yGurf nfonf SMd u\?
xdk prf;yGurf mS wzGm;zGm; wawGawG xGuaf y:aeaom tvGeMf unf
vifvSpGmaom prf;a&uJhodkY [',[laom ESvkH;tdrf prf;yGuf
vufvuf vufvuf wzGm;zGm;xGufay:aeaom raem[laom
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wuG avmu SdorQaom &d,*kPf "e*kPf abm**kPf
'ge*kPf oDv*kPf orm"d*P
k f ynm*kPf tvdrm *kPf trdu
k *f P
k f
tpSad om A[d'" r "mwfrsKd ;? "mwfEpS yf g; aygif;qkMH uaomtcg

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

75

odjrif BuHpnf jzpfaom okcaomre "mwfESpfyg; jzpfay:\?

um; lyuEmudk jyqdkaom t&mjzpf raemudk rvdkvSao;?
um; lyuEmrSxGufaom om,mzG,f cifrufzG,fpkwnf;/ xdkY
aMumifh-,HlyH y#dp OyZwd okcH aomreH t,H ly
tma'gtma'g-[la[mawmfrlonf/
yr aumovXme azmfjycsuf NyD;\/
--------------------

q| aumov X mejy
],H l y H ted p H 'k u H 0d y &d P mr"r H ? t,H l y
tm'D e a0g}
a0g}-[laom q|aumovXme 'kwd, wwd,
aumovXmewdkY jyqdkcJhNyD;aom qDrD;awmufBuD; OyrmESifhwuG
rdrdudk,fcEmwGif;odkY aeYpOfrjywf tm[m& "mwfqD rsdKoGif;xnfh
avmif;rI? kyfcEmopf kyfcEma[mif; ajymif;vJrIwdkYudk orm'd|d
0dZmPfaygufatmif jrifEdkifygvQif lyuEm\ tedpoabm
xifmS ;ay:vwUH ? aeYo
dS rQ aMumifMh updu
k &f tm;xkwv
f yk af qmif
ae&aom toufarG;rI'ku cEmarG;rI'ku ypnf;Opm&atmif
vkyaf qmifr'I u
k w
u
Ykd kd b,frQBu;D us,f usyw
f nf;onf[k jrifEikd yf g
vQif rdrdlyuEm\ 'kuoabm xif&Sm;ay:vwHU/
udk,fcEmonf twGif;rS a&m*gtrsdK; 96-yg;jzpfay:
vmcJhvQif emrIaorI tb,frQavmuf jrefEdkif&ef &Sdonf[l
vnf;aumif;? tyoEmefrS rD;ab;xdcahJ omf a&ab;xdcahJ omf a>r
ab;xdcJhaomf uif;ab; xdcJhaomf qifab; usm;ab; o&Jab;

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

76

obufab; xdcahJ omf acsmcf ahJ omf cRwcf ahJ omf vJcahJ omf NyKd cahJ omf
uscJhaomf pl;cJhaomf &ScJhaomf wdkufcJhaomf cdkufcJhaomf emrIaorI
azmufjyefrI tb,frQavmuf jrefEdkifonf[lvnf;aumif;
udk,fawGUrsufjrifwdkYukd tpHktvif&SmMuH MunfhcJhvQif udk,f
cEm\ 0dy&dPmr "roabmvnf; xif&Sm;ay:vwHU/
um;-q|aumovXmewnf;/

ESpXf mewdu
Yk kd OyrmESiw
hf uG qufjyOD;tH?h t*Fvyd f tpd;k &
wdo
Yk nf tvGeyf al vmif aoapEdik af om tqdyw
f u
Ykd kd xnfNh y;D vQif
EGm;om; 0ufom; trJom;wdkYudk twHk;BuD;pGm arT;BudKifpGmcsuf
acG;ayg&mXme csypf xm;Muukef\? xdktom;wHk;wdkY teHY
t&omwdo
Yk nf xdt
k om;wH;k om,maumif;jrwfaom tm'
wnf;? xkt
d om;wH;k wdYk yg&Sad om tqdyaf b;onf xdt
k om;wH;k wdYk
aMumufrufzG,faom tm'De0ab;wnf;? tm'ESifh rdatmif
zrf; tm'De0ESifhoufrIwnf;? acG;wpfaumif ao&m 0dkif;
owfMuaom vufonfaygif;um;--tom;wHk;\ tqif; teHY
t&om tqdyf A[d'rS vufonf 4-a,muf&\? acG;\ puK
Cme Zd0Sg wPSm tZswrS vufonf 4-a,muf&\/
|jzpfaom tqif;teHt
Y &omr&Sad om ajrBu;D cJukd tqdyf
xnf h ypf x m;aomf v nf ; acG ; ud k z rf ; ay;aom tm'
vufonf r&Sd acG;udk xdktqdyfrowfEkdif? acG; puK Cme Zd0Sg
wPSm r&SdvQifvnf; xdk| jzpfaom tqif;teHYt&omwdkYonf
acG;udrk ad tmif rzrf;Edik u
f ek ?f zrf; ay;olwEYkd iS hf tawGUcHvQif {uef
aoab;qdkuf\/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

77

ig;rQm;aom olwdkY\ ig;rQm;csdwf xm;aom om;wpf

Oyrmudkvnf; jyqdktyf\? rdrdkyfcEm om;r,m;paom olwdkY\
kyfcEm t0wftpm; tokH;taqmifjzpfaom kyfcEmpkudk tqdyf
xnfhaom om;wpfwkH;awGrSwf? xdkkyfcEmpkudk pJGjzpfaom
okcaomre wPSmwdu
Yk kd om;wpfw;Hk rSm Sad eaom tqif;teHY
t&omawGrw
S ?f xdk yk cf Emwdu
Yk kd igYu,
kd f igh[m igUOpm[k wPSmjzifh
udkuf[rsKdoGif; xm;rdonfhtwGufaMumifh rdrdudk,fudk aeYSdorQ
ylavmif nO;f yef;aeaom tedp 'ku 0dy&dPmr[laom tm'De0
wdkYudk xdktqdyfwkH;rSmygSdaom tqdyfawGrSwf/
- rdru
d ,
kd u
f kd aeYo
dS rQ tedpo
nf b,fvkd nO;f yef;oenf;/
- 'kuonf b,fvdk nOf;yef;oenf;/
- 0dy&dPmronf b,fvdk nOf;yef;oenf;/
tedpq
o
kd nfum; "r"mwfrsK;d wpfcak ywnf;? r&P"mwfukd
qdkonf? jzpfjzpforQ ocFw"mwfwdkYudk twGifpm;aeaom
"mwfbDvl;rsKd; qdk&\? twGifavmifaeaom avmifrD;rsKd;vnf;
qd&k \? zGm;jrifonfah eY trdwu
kd
f 0rf;wGi;f okaYd &mufaom Ed&Yk nf
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d rQaom
tm[m&"mwfqw
D u
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rsKrd sKo
d rQ tm[m&wdaYk Mumifh ud,
k Ef iS hf tjynft
h jynfh jzpfymG ;Muaom
urZkycf J pdwZ kycf J OwkZkycf J tm[m&Z kycf w
J u
Ykd v
kd nf; twGif
pm; avmif ypf\/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

78

xdk"mwfbDvl; twGifpm;ypfonfhtwGufaMumifh aeYquf

&ufquf rsKdoGif;aomfvnf; udk,fwGif;rSm wpfrl; wrwfrQ tzwf
wif&onf rS?d rD;ykBH u;D xJoYkd qDukd avmif;ouJo
h Ydk \
dS ? tm[m&
twGuf MoZmwuf rsufpdrSm wdk;yGg;aom kyfcJwdkYudk rsufpdSd
"mwfbDvl; twGifpm;\ ponfjzifh wpfudk,fvkH; odav/
Oyrmum;- tvGeftusifhtmpm& qdk;Gm;aomr,m;udk
tdro
f l jyKvyk
f tjyify rdrpd rG ;f &nfo
dS rQ BuKd ;BuKd ;yrf;yrf; vkyu
f ikd f
SmBu
H tdro
f t
Ykd wGiyf \
Ykd ? tdro
f aYkd &mufvmorQukd tdro
f rl ed ;f ru
t"r twGif jzKef;\? wpf&mudkvnf; aeYcsif;ncsif; ukefatmif
jzKef;\? wpfaxmif wpfaomif;udkvnf; aeYcsif;ncsif; ukefatmif
jzKef;\? xdka,musfm;onf toufESifhtrQ tvkyfcGifuxGuf
Nird ;f csr;f pGmaeEkid zf Ykd tcGirhf SNd y?D xdaYk Mumifh xdrk ed ;f ronf xdak ,musmf ;
udk raorjcif; ESdyfpufnOf;yef;aomol pifppfwnf;/
twl cEmudk,fESifh tjynfhSdaeaom tedp "mwfbDvl;
onf vlrsm;taygif;udk aeYSdorQ ESdyfpufnOf;yef;ykHudk odav?
jyqdkcJhNyD;aom 'kurIawG aeYSdorQ ESdyfpufnOf;yef;ykH? 0dy&dPmr
'kurIawG aeYSdorQ ESdyfpufnOf;yef;ykHrsm;um; odomxifSm;vSNyD/
um; kyfcEm\ tm' ab;BuD;us,fykH
tm'De0ab;BuD;us,f ykHudk jyqdkaom tcef;wnf;/
yOr q| aumovXme ESpfyg; NyD;\/

--------

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

79

ow r aumov X mejy
a,m l y o qE & m*0d e a,m qE & m*y [ meH 'H
ly ed&PH [laom- owraumovXme--terw*
oHo&m rdrdudk,fudk kyf\ tm'ab; tm'De0ab; rjywfrpJ
tNrJESdyfpufaeaMumif;udk orm'd|dPftjrif aygufaomtcg
xdkkyfcEmrS ,ckb0 uRwfvGwf&ef taygufudk jyawmfrlonf/
xdkrdrdkyfcEm om,mpGJvrf;aeaom qE&m*ac:aom
ork', opm wPSmonf&\
dS ? tb,foYkd kyk cf Em om,mpGv
J rf;
oenf; ig\ ud,
k w
f nf;? ig\t*FgBu;D i,fwnf;? ig\rsupf w
d nf;
ponfjzifh xifrSwf pGJvrf;\? igjrifonf[k puKkyfcJ pGJvrf;\?
igMum;onf[k aomwkyfcJ pGJvrf;\? igeHonf[k CmekyfcJ
pGJvrf;\? t&omudk igcHpm;onf[k Zd0SgkyfcJ pGJvrf;\? tawGU
txdukd igodonf[k um,kycf J pGv
J rf;\? odpYk onfjzifh pGv
J rf;
onf? xdkpGJvrf;aom wPSm ork',opm aysmufuG,f csKyfqHk;rI
onf kyfcEm\ uRwfvGwfrIwnf;/
(edAmeqdkonf)

xdkork',opmwPSm&SdrS pkwd\aemuf kyfcEmtopf

ay:onf? ,ckb0 xdkwPSmjy,faysmufukefqHk;cJhvQif pkwd\
aemuf kycf Emtopf jzpfay:jcif;r&SNd y?D kycf Em uRwv
f w
G af v\?
odomvSNy/D
(owr aumovXme NyD;\/)
wGif a&GUum; lyuEm aumovXme7-yg;udk jyqdkcef;NyD;\/
----------------------------

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

80

a0'emu E m aumov X me 7-yg;

aemufcEm av;yg;wd\
Yk aumovXmewdu
Yk u
kd m; tusO;f rQ
om jyqdkawmhthH/
1/
q,dar bdua0 a0'emum,m? puKorZm
a0'em aomworZm a0'em CmeorZm
a0'em Zd0SgorZm a0'em um,orZm
a0'em raem orZm a0'em t,H 0kpwd
bdua0 a0'em/
2/
z ork',m a0'em ork'a,m/
3/
z eda&m"m a0'emeda&ma"m/
4/
t,ar0 t&d a ,m t|* a um ra* g a0'em
eda&m"*grdeD y#dy'g? ao,sxd'H? orm'd|d/ y/
ormorm"d/
5/
,H a0'eH y#dp OyZwd okcH aomreH? t,H
a0'em, tma'g/
6/
,m a0'em tedpm 'kum 0dy&dPmr"rm? t,H
a0'em, tm'Dea0g/
7/
a,m a0'em, qE&m*0dea,m qE&m*y[meH? 'H
a0'em, ed&PH/
(cE0*oH,kw-51)

bdua0=&[ef;wdkY? a0'emum,m=a0'emtaygif;wdkYonf?
0g=a0'emudk,fwdkYonf? ar q=ajcmufyg;wdkYwnf;? puK

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

81

orZm a0'em=puKtMunfrSSDaom zw&m;rSjzpfaom

a0'emvnf;aumif;/v/ raemorZm a0'em=raemtMunf
,SOaf om zw&m;rSjzpfaom a0'emvnf;aumif;/ /teufvG,fNyD/
tqif;oPefudk jrifMuaomtcg aumif;onf[k pdwfu
&Tifvef; 0rf;ajrmufrIonf puKorZm a0'emrnf\? ESvHk;
romrI OayumrI vnf;&Sd\? toHudk Mum;Muaomtcg teHYudk
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tcg ud,
k t
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qdkonfum;- a0'emajcmufrsdK;udk qdkonf? vlYcsrf;om ewf
csrf;om jA[mhcsrf;om qdkonfvnf; a0'em ajcmufrsdK;yif/
avmuvnf; ouf&Sd oufrJh jzpfaom0wKwdkY a0'emudk
vdkuf aumif;onf raumif;onf[k orkwfMu&onf? tzdk;wef
onf rwefonf[k orkwfMu&onf/
rsupf Ed iS hf Munfzh jYkd zpfaom 0wKwYkd puKorZm a0'emudk
vdkuf tzdk;wef rwef jzpf&\? &Trf;&Trf;pdkaom a0'emudk jzpfap
Edkifaom 0wKonf tzdk;wef\? em;ESifhMum;zdkY 0wKwdkY aomw
orZm a0'emudkvdkuf tzdk;wef rwef jzpf&\? <uif;aom
a0'emwdkYvnf; enf;twl/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

82

lyuEm jyqdkcJhNyD;aom ydk; yk&Gufqdwf ow0g ysm;&nf

oum&nf Oyrmudkvnf; qdktyf\/
okyfjycef; NyD;\/

ork',eda&m"wdYk puK[al om tZw" mwfreS Ef iS hf tqif;

ta&mif[al om A[d' yl "mwf aygif;qHrk Md uaomtcg rsupf d puK
orZma0'emonf wzGm;zGm;ay:ae\? A[d'ly"mwf rsuf
uG,f jzpfoGm;vQif puKay: jzpfay:orQaom a0'emwdkYonf
tukefvHk; uG,faysmufukef\/
wzGm;zGm;ay:onfum;- a0'emork',wnf;? tukefvHk;
uG,f aysmufuek o
f nfum; a0'emeda&m"wnf;? wpfzef ay:apvdk
jyefvQif A[d'ly"mwf&Sd&modkY puK"mwfudk arQmfay;&jyef\
wnfhwnfhcsdefrdjyefvQif puKay:rSm a0'em wzGm;zGm; ay:NrJ
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aomwrSmvnf; A[d' toHjrnf ay;aomtcg aomw
tMunf ay:rSm aomworZm a0'em wzGm;zGm;ay:\? toH
csKyfpJ oGm;vQif xdka0'emwdkYvnf; tukefcsKyfqHk; uG,faysmuf
ukef\? wpfzef jzpfay:apvdkjyefvQif toHukdaqmf ay;&jyef\/
CmerSmvnf; teHaY qmf ay;aomtcg CmetMunfay:rSm
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tukefvkH; aysmuffjyef\/
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wifxm;aomtcg Zd0gS tMunfay:rSm Zd0gS orZma0'em wzGm;

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

83

zGm;jzpfay:\? vQmay:rSm &omkH0wK rSdjyefvQif tukefvkH;csKyf

aysmufjyef\/
um,rSmvnf; Murf;wrf;aomtawGU El;nHhaomtawGU
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wif;rmrI avsm&h rJ [
I al om av"mwfrsK;d azm|A"mwfrsK;d tawGU
txdrsKd;wdkYonf twGif;ty wpfudk,fvkH;rSm b,fae&mrSmrqdk
xdorQaom udk,ft*FgrSm um,orZm a0'emwdkYonf wzGm;
zGm;jzpfay:ukef\? rxdjyefvQif tukefcsKyfaysmufjyefukef\/
raemrSmvnf; rdrdtvdkSdaom tmkHESifhawGUaeqJtcg
raem orZma0'em wzGm;zGm;jzpfay:ae\ tmkHESifh pdwf
rsufESm vTJjyefvQif xdka0'emtvkH; uG,faysmufjyef\/
jyqdkcJhaom a0'emajcmufrsKd; jzpfay:rI aysmufuG,fysuf
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d Ykd ud,
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tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

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XmewdYk tmkaH jcmufyg; qdu

k f wdu
k
f aeaomtcgom wzGm;zGm;
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zrS jzpf&onfjzpf puKorZm a0'emponf jzifh tzESifh
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csKyfjcif;aMumifh? a0'emeda&ma"m=a0'emcsKyfjcif;jzpf&onf[k
okwefrSmvnf;a[mawmfrlonf/
'kwd, wwd, aumovXme ESpfyg;NyD;\/

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tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

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]tm' tm'De0} [laom yOr q| aumovwdkYvnf;

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tm'ab;onf tvGew
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uif;cJv
h sif wpfcPcsi;f aysmufq;Hk uG,yf \? aumif;aomt&om
vQmay: rSm dSaeqJtcdkufom xdkt&omudk cHpm;aom a0'em
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tvGeBf u;D us,v
f \
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------------------------

]ed&P} [laom owr aumovXmerSm a0'em

om,maom wPSmqEork',opm csKyfqHk;vQif a0'emab;rS
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tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

86

uRJ EGm;udk om,mwG,w

f maomolukd qifjrif;uRJ EGm; ESiphf yfaom
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onmu E m yxr aumov X me

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tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

87

'Gg& ajcmufXmewkrYd mS qku

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tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

88

Munfhav/
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Owryk&do'DyeD

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ay;av/ / apwemajcmufyg;/

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tpodYk

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90

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tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

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oum,'d|dpGJvrf; csufcsnf;jzpfukef\ tvHk;pHkaom um,uHrI

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y"metm;jzifh a[mawmfrlownf;/
pG J v rf ; yH k trsd K ;rsd K ;
oum, 'd|d pGJvrf;csufawGudk twefi,fjyqdkOD;tHh....
ig pdwfESifh awGUonf/ (z"mwfudkpGJvrf;csuf)
ig pdwcf sr;f omonf/ ig pdwrf csr;f omonf/ ig0rf;ajrmufonf/
ig 0rf;enf;onf/ (a0'em"mwfudk pGJvrf;csuf)
ig odonf/ igrSwfrdonf/ (onm"mwfudk pGJvrf;csuf)
ig pddwfwnfMunfonf/ ({u*wm"mwfudk pGJvrf;csuf)
ig ESvHk;oGif;onf/ (reodum&"mwfudk pGJvrf;csuf)
ig BuHzefonf/ (0dwuf"mwfudk pGJvrf;csuf)
ig pOf;pm;onf/ (0dpm&"mwfudk pGJvrf;csuf)
ig tm;xkwfonf/ (0D&d,"mwfukd pGJvrf;csuf)
ig ESpfoufonf/ (yDwd"mwfukd pGJvrf;csuf)
ig Munfhvkdonf? ig Mum;vkdonf? ig b,f[mukd jyKvkdonf?
oGm;vkdonf? vmvkdonf? ajymvkdonf? qkdvkdonf? ig odvkd
onf? &vkdonf? ,lvkd onf/ (qE"mwfukd pGJvrf;csuf)
ig cspfonf? ig cifonf? ig pkHrufonf? ig vkdcsifonf? ig
wG,fwmonf/ (avmb"mwfukd pGJvrf;csuf)

tpodYk

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ig rkef;onf? ig jrifysif;onf? ig pdwfqkd;onf? ig NiKd;onf? ig

pdwfylonf/ (a'go"mwfukd pGJvrf;csuf)
ig rodonf? ig awGa0onf/ (arm["mwfukd pGJvrf;csuf)
ig t,lrSm;onf/ ('d|d"mwfukd pGJvrf;csuf)
ig tnHhrcHcsifonf? ig omcsifonf? igu omonf? ig
wkbufEkdifonf/ (rme"mwf pGJvrf;csuf)
ig jiLplonf/ (m"mwf pGJvrf;csuf)
ig ESajrmonf? ig0efwdkonf/ (rap&"mwf pJGvrf;csuf)
ig ysif;&donf/ (xde rd' pJGvrf;csuf)
ig rcGJjcrf;Edkifonf/ (0dpdudpm"mwf pGJvrf;csuf)
ig MunfndKonf? ig,kHMunfonf/ (o'g"mwf pJGvrf;csuf)
ig rarhonf/ (owd"mwf pJGvrf;csuf)
ig wwfod vdrmonf/ (ynm"mwf pJGvrf;csuf)
raumif;rI jyK&rnfudk igSufonf? igaMumufonf/ ([d&D
Mowy pJGvrf;csuf)
ig owf o nf / (ygPmwd y gw [l a om apwem"mwf
pJGvrf;csuf)
ig cdk;onf? igwkdufonf/ (t'dEm'gef[laom apwem"mwf
pJGvrf;csuf)
igvSL'gef;onf? igay;urf;onf/ ('geapwem"mwf pJG
vrf;csuf)

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

94

okdYtpSdonfjzifh oum,'d|d pJGvrf;csufonf tvGef

rsm;jym;vS\? i&Jr;D rsK;d aphcsn;f wnf;? r*fPf zdv
k
f Pf 0dyem
PfwdkY\ tE&m,fcsnf;wnf;? edAmef\ ab;&efBuD;awGwnf;?
oHo&m\ rSm zufurf;wnf;? xdpk v
GJ rf;csupf k uRwv
f w
G rf o
I nf
oHo&m\ xdkrSmzufurf;jzpfaom edAmefwnf;? xdkpJGvrf;rIpkonf
oHo&mepfrIwnf;? xdkpJGvrf;csufpk uRwfvGwfrIonf oHo&m\
urf;wpfzufodkUa&mufrIwnf;/
oum,'d|d [laom t0Dpdi&JrD;awGudk &dyfrdkHrQ jyvdkufonf/

apwem"mwfwpfcu
k kd orm'd|
d Pfjzifh xifvif;pGm cJjG crf;
jrif aomtcg apwem"mwf pJv
G rf;aom oum,'d|id &Jr;D ao\?
apwem aovQif <uif;aom"mwfwdkY pJGvrf;aom i&JrD;wdkYonf
aoukefawmhonf? xdkaMumifhapwemwpfckudkom ocFg&uEm
a[mawmfrlonf? <uif;aom ocFg&"mwfwdkYonfvnf; avmu
vlwdkif;ajymqdkaeMuaom"mwfpkyif wnf;/
ocFg&uEm yxr aumovXmeudk jyqkdcsuf NyD;\/

--------0d n mPu E m yxr aumov X me

1/ q,dar bdua0 0dnmPum,m? puK0dnmPH
aomw 0d n mPH Cme0d n mPH Zd 0 S g 0d n mPH
um,0dnmPH raem 0dnmPH? 'H 0kpwd bdua0
0dnmPH/
2/ emrlyork',m 0dnmPork'a,m/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

95

3/ emrlyeda&m"m 0dnmPeda&ma"m/
4/ t,ar0 t&da,m t|*aum ra*g 0dnmPeda&m"
*grdeDy#dy'g? ao,sxd'H? orm'd|d / y/ ormorm"d/
5/ ,H 0dnmPH y#dp OyZwd okcH aomreH? t,H
0dnmP tma'g/
6/ ,H 0dnmPH tedpH 'kuH 0dy&dPmr"r?H t,H 0dnmP
tm'Dea0g/
7/ a,m 0dnmPo qE &m*0dea,m qE&m*y[meH?
'H 0dnmP ed&PH/
ygVdawmf teufvG,fNyD/

v0ef;oPmefudk Munfhvdk rsufpdudk csdefG,fojzifh rsufpd

ESifhv G,frdMuaomtcg v0ef;t&dyfoPmefonf puK[laom
tZwrSef tMunfxJwGif xif;ceJay:\? avmu zvftMunf
rSet
f Munf a& tMunf S&d mwdYk ae&dyf v&dyf vl&yd f ponfay:NrJ
twdkif;yifwnf;? rsufpd[laom tZwrSeftMunfrSm xdkv0ef;
t&dyt
f oGi\
f xifrI ay:rIonf y&rwoabmtm;jzifh rk;d BuKd ;rSef
ouJo
h Ykd jyif;xef\? xdt
k cg v0ef;oPmeft&dyf cdu
k w
f u
kd x
f yd g;aom
'Pf[ek 'f Pfcsuaf Mumifh puKtMunfxrJ mS puK0n
d mPfac:aom
pdwfonf wzGm;zGm;jzpfay:av\? rsufESmvTJjyefvQif v&dyf
aysmufjyef\? pdwf"mwfvnf; tukefcsKyfuG,f aysmufqkH;av\?
rjrifjyefb;l [k ajymqd&k \? tjrifqo
kd nfum; xd0k n
d mP "mwfyif
wnf;? rjrifqdkonfum; xdk0dnmP"mwf aysmufjy,f uG,fqkH;rI

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

96

wnf;? zvfMunf rSefMunf a&Munf qDMunfwdkYum; xdkxdkt&dyf

toGif tqif;oPmefxif ay:jim;aomfvnf; OwkZ0PtMunf
Murf;pkjzpf 0dnmP"mwf jzpfay:rI rSd? rsufpdjzifh jrifonf[k
jzpfMuorQrSm enf;csnf;rSwf/
MunfvSpGmaom rSeftjyif rsufESmudkjy aeqJ rSefxJrSm
rsuEf mS &dyf ay:ae\? rsuEf mS vTv
J Qif rSex
f rJ mS rsuEf mS &dyf aysmuf
av\? OyrmESifhwlpGmrSwf? jrifao;\ rjrifbl;[k odMu\?
"mwfay:rI "mwfcsKyfrI[k rodMu/
um; puK0dnmP"mwfudk jyqkdcef;wnf;/

enf;udk rD
S A[d'r S o'gk[
H al om toHv;Hk toHcw
J o
Ykd nf
t[kef ESiw
hf uG rd;k BuKd ;rSeo
f uJo
h Ykd jyif;xefpmG cdu
k w
f u
kd
f aeqJtcgrS
aomw tMunfrmS aomw0dnmP"mwf wzGm;zGm; jzpfay:ae\?
toHaysmufvQif aysmufuG,fav\? Mum;ao;\ rMum;bl;[k
odMu&\? "mwfay:rI "mwfcsKyfrI[k rodMu/
A[d'rS *EmkH[laom teHYvHk;cdkufwdkufxdyg; aeqJtcgrS
CmetMunfrSm Cme0dnmP"mwf wzGm;zGm;jzpf ay:ae\
teHYuG,fjyefvQif xdk0dnmP"mwf aysmufqHk;jyef\? eHao;\?
reHbl;[k odMu\? "mwfay:rI "mwfcsKyfrI[k rodMu\/
vQmay:okdY tcsdKtcsOfpaomt&omwdkYudk wifxm;
wdkufcdkuf xdyg;aeaomtcgrS Zd0SgtMunfay:rSm Zd0Sg0dnmP
"mwfjzpfay:\ &omHk uif;uGmoGm;vQif aysmufqHk;jyef\ vQm
tawGU&Sad o;\? r&Sb
d ;l [koMd u\ "mwfay:rI "mwfcsKyrf [
I k rodMu/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

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ajr"mwf rD;"mwf av"mwfoHk;yg;wGif wpfyg;yg;onf

wpfckckaom udk,ft*FgtpdwfrSm xdyg;aeqJtcg xd&m udk,f
t*FgtpdwfrSm um,0dnmP"mwf ay:ae\ txdr&SdjyefvQif
csKyq
f ;kH uG,af ysmufjyef\? at;jraoma& at;jraomavwdo
Yk nf
ausmufukef; ausmufjyifrSm xdyg;ukeftHh? ausmwpfjyifvHk;rSm
um,0dnmPfpdwfwdkYonf wvQrf;vQrf;jzpfay:ukef\? xdktcg
ausmat;onf ausmcsr;f onf[jk zpf&\? a& avuG,
f oGm;jyef
vQif xdpk w
d "f mwfu,
G af ysmufukejf yef\? tat;aysmufNyD tcsr;f
aysmufNyD[k odMu\? "mwfay:rI "mwfaysmufrI[k rodMu/
ylvSpGmaom aeylrSmaeaomtcg wpfudk,fvHk;yltdkuf
aeonfudk odMu\? wpfudk,fvHk; um,0dnmP"mwf vQrf;vQrf;
awmuf ay:aeonf[k rodMu? OD;acgif;wGif; &ifwGif; 0rf;wGif;
paom twGi;f oPmef wpfavQmufv;kH rSmemvQif emonf[o
k \
d ?
usifvQif usifonf[k od\? xHkvQif xHkonf[kod\? udkufvQif
udkufonf[kod\? cJvQif cJonf[k od\? ylvQif ylonf[kod\?
anmif;vQif anmif;onf[o
k \
d ? xdt
k rIpu
k kd "mwf ay:rI[k rodMu
&dyfrdavmufNyD/
txufjycJhaom ElemBuD;rSm ydk;i,fwdkY usaom Oyrm- rSef&dyf Oyrm
tvHk;pHkwdkUESifh ,SOf"mwfuGJatmif cGJMunfhav/

ESvkH;tdrfwGif;rSm prf;a&pdrfha& wyGufyGufxGufay: ae

ouJo
h Ydk b0ifpw
d [
f al om wvufvufwvif;vif; tjrjJ zpfay:
aeaom raem[laomtMunf "mwfrSefrsdK;onf Sd\? rsufpdrSm
cku
d w
f u
dk o
f rQaom tqif;oPmefpo
k nf xkrd aemrSmvnf; wpfjyKd if

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

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euf ckdufxday:xGef;\? v0ef;ukd Munfhaomtcg rsufpdrSm v0ef;

oPmefwpfck ESv;Hk tdrw
f iG ;f raemtMunfrmS v0ef;oPmefwpfck
wpfNyKd ief uf wpfcsuw
f nf; ay:av\? rsuEf mS vT
J puKtMunfrmS
v0ef;oPmef aysmufu,
G
f oGm;aomfvnf; ESv;Hk tdrf xJrmS ay:
aom v0ef;oPmefum; kwfw&uf ruG,fwnfh jznf;jznf;rS
uG,o
f nf/
enf;twl rkd;oH avoH vloH acG;oH tpSdaom toH
"mwfrsKd ;wko
Yd nf em;[laom"mwfreS f tMunfrmS cku
d w
f u
dk f xifay:
aomtcg ESv;Hk raemwkid af tmif wpfjyKd ief uf xk;d 0ifxifay:av\/
teHY[laom *EmkHwkdYonf ESm[laom "mwfrSeftMunfrSm
ckduf wkdufaomtcg ESvkH;raemwkdifatmif wpfjydKifeuf xkd;0if
xifay:av\/
vQmay:rSm a&mufaom &omkw
H o
Ydk nfvnf; Zd0gS tMunfrmS
raem wkdifatmif xkd;0ifckdufwkdufav\/
wpfukd,fvkH;wGif wpfckckaom ukd,ftpdwfrSm ckdufwkdufMu
aom azm|AmkHwkdYonfvnf; cPcsif; ESvkH;wGif;okdY aygufMuav
uke\
f /
vlaumifoPmefSdaom rSefwkH;MuD;wpfckSd&m\? xkdrSefwkH;
Mu;D \twGi;f rSm ykPu
bDv;l ,lcahJ om a0ykva usmufEiS w
hf al om
trsuf ausmufMuD;wpfck Sd&m\? t&yfSpfrsufESm SdMuukefaom
tdrf&m0if;jcH opfyif awmawmif ae v euwf vl EGm; uRJpaom
0wKj'Afwo
Ydk nf xkrd eS w
f ;Hk wGif t&dyx
f ifMuaomtcg trsuaf usmuf

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

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MuD;rSmvnf; wpfjydKifeuf wpfcsufwnf; xifay:Muukef\?

rSefwkH;rSmvnf; ae0ef;oPmefwpfck jrif&\? trsufausmufrSm
vnf; ae0ef;oPmefwpfckjrif&\? enf;twkdif; odav/
um; puK aomw Cme Zd0Sg um,[laom tMunf
ayguf ig;aygufrS xk;d 0if [',"mwftrd w
f iG ;f Sd raemtMunfrmS
tmkHig;yg; xifSm;ay:ykH tpDt&ifwnf;/
xk d t Munf a yguf ig;yg;ES i f h u if ; raemtMunf o uf
oufwiG f xifMuay:Muaom tmku
H m; tvGerf sm;jym;\? pdwu
f ;l
pdwBf uH oufoufEiS hf od&xif&jrif&aom tmkpH o
k nf raemouf
oufwGif xifay:aom tmkHpkaywnf;? a&SUtMunf ig;rsKd;um;
rsupf Od ypm em;Oypmpaom OypmwGif xifmS ;Sad om tmkiH g;yg;
onfom xifEikd o
f nf? raemtMunfrmS rlum; wpfoufv;Hk jrifb;l
orQ awGUbl; BuKb
H ;l orQ Mum;bl;orQ tukef xifEikd o
f nf? xdrk aem
tMunfonf oAnKraemtMunf yapuAk' raemtMunf
t*om0u r[mom0u yuwdom0uraemtMunf wd[dwf
raemtMunf 'dG[dwfraemtMunf t[dwfraemtMunf vlwdkY\
raemtMunf bkrpdk;ewfwdkY\ raemtMunf pmwkr[m&mZf
wm0wom paomtxuftxuf ewfjA[mwdkY\ raemtMunf
[l oifhkHMunf tvGefMunf tvGefxuftvGefMunf tqifhqifh
teErsm;jym;\/
oAnK raemtMunfBuD;onf twkrSd tzufrSdMunf\?
pMu0VmteE urmteE ow0gteE ocFg&teE "rteE

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

100

SdorQwdkYonf oAnKraemtMunfwGif tukefay:Mu&ukef\?

opmav;yg; wnf;[laom oabm tmkw
H o
Ykd nfum; yg&rDadS om
wd[dwfraemom xifay:ukef\/ /um; raem0dnmPf\
oabmudk jyqdkcef;wnf;/
wGif a0'em? onm? ocFg&? 0dnmPf [laom
emrfcEmav;yg;wdkY\ yxr aumov
Xmeudk jyqdkaomtcef; NyD;\/
-------------------

emru E m av;yg;wd k Y \
'k w d , wwd , aumov X me
,cktcg a0'emuEm onmuEm ocFg&uEm 0dnmPuEm
av;yg;wdu
Yk kd aygif; 'kw,
d aumovXmepaom aemufaumov
ajcmufXmewdkYudk tusOf;rQ jyqdkaytHh/
aSUcEmok;H yg;rSm zudk taMumif;jyK ork', eda&m"udk
a[mawmfrl\? 0dnmPuEmrSm emrfkyf ESpfyg;udk taMumif;jyK
ork', eda&m"udka[mawmfrl\/
xl;ykHudkjyqdkOD;tHh--0dnmPuEm udk aemufq;Hk xm; a[mawmfrjl im;aomfvnf;
- raemykA*Frm "rm? raemao|m raemr,m
[lvnf;aumif;?
- q'G g &m "d y wd & mZm
[lvnf;aumif;?

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

101

a[mawmfrlaomaMumifh tMunf'Gg& ajcmufXme jzpfMu

ukeaf om emrfw&m;wdrYk mS 0dnmPuEm onf aSUaqmifO;D pD; tBu;D
trSL;aywnf;? a0'em onm ocFg&wdkY\ udk;uG,f&m "mwfrif;
aywnf;/
- tMunf'gG & ajcmufXme qdu
k af &muf xifjyvmaom tmkH
ajcmufyg;udk t&,lrIum; 0dnmPf\ udpaywnf;/
- 0dnmPf,l &aomtcgrS zu Budwfe,f nyfnpf
t&nfppf |&o ted|&o ay:aomtcgrS a0'emu okH;
aqmifcpH m;\/
- onmu aumif;raumif;ukd rSwf\/
- trSwfonmESifh odSdNyD;aomtcgrS xdkxdktmkH0wK trI
cyford ;f wk\
Yd tusK;d iSg uk,
d t
f *Fgwdu
Yk dk twGiv
f UHI aqmfrI EIwt
f *Fgwdu
Yk dk
twGif vIHUaqmfrI pdwft*FgwdkYudk twGifvIHUaqmfrI[kqdktyfaom
apwempaom ocFg&"mwfwdkY\ udponf jzpf\/
xdkYaMumifh-- zonf a0'em onm ocFg&wd\
Yk om tcsKyt
f csm jzpf\
0dnmPf\ tcsKyftcsm rjzpf/
- 0dnmPfonfum;--tm;vk;H \ tcsKyt
f csm jzpf\? okaYd omf
vnf; 0dnmPfonf a0'emonmocFg&wdkYESifhuif;
jzpfaeEkdifonf r[kwf/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

102

xdaYk Mumifh 0dnmPf\ jzpfrI csKyrf rI mS emrfudk tcsKyt

f csmxm;
a[mawmfrljyefownf;/
rD;awmufESifh 0dnmPfwl\? xdkrD;awmufrS wcef;vkH;jynfh
xGuaf om rD;a&mifEiS hf a0'em onm ocFg& ok;H yg;wl\? rD;awmuf
aoaysmufvQif xdkrD;a&mifwdkYonf wpfNydKifeuf aoaysmuf
csKyfuG,fukef\? rD;awmufvQif wpfNydKifeuf jzpfay:Muukef\/
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ok;H yg;wd\
Yk ork', eda&m"ukv
d nf; jrifEikd af wmhonfjzpf 0dnmPf
ukd y"mejyK ork',? eda&m"ponfukd jyqdkaytHYownf;/
b0if r aem\ ork ' ,-ed a &m"
nOfhtcg tdyfaysmfaepOf ESvkH;tdrfom tvGefEkefYvS
pGmaom b0ifac:aom raemtMunf pdwfwpfrsKd;wnf;om&Sd\?
puK aomw Cme Zd0Sg um, ig;'Gg&wdkY pdwf[lr&Sd? b0ifac:
aom raemtMunfpdwfrnfonf taowpfydkif;jzpfae\?
udk,ft*Fg EIwft*Fg pdwft*FgwdkYudkY vIyf&Sm;apwwfaom pdwfrsdK;
r[kwf? ,ckypKyef b0&Sdaom tmHk0wKwdkYudk tmkHjyKEdkif,lEdkif
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[',0wKkyfrS jzpfyGm; &THUtdkifprf;yGufrS wyGufyGufxGuf
aeaom prf;a&uJhodkY wawGawG jzpfae\/
xdk[',0wKkyfvnf; r[mbkwf\ tudkif;tcufrQom
jzpf\? lyuEm tm[m&"mwfqD MoZmwufyGm;rI qkwf,kwf

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

103

avsmhyg;ukefcef;rIudk tcsKyftjcmjyK r[mbkwf kyfBuD;wdkY\

wpfcPrpJ wdk;csnf qkwfcsnf ajymif;vJ aeonfhtwdkif;
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0wKESifhol csKyf&muG,f&mrpJ ygav\/
Oyrmum;
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f u
kd t
f jyifrmS jzpfay:aom oufwefaY &;
onf &S\
d ? awmiftpGet
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Y jzifh wdrw
f u
kd af ysmuf
uG,
f oGm;&m olw
Y rd cf EJ iS o
hf o
Yl ufwefY aysmufu,
G &f modyYk gav\
twlwnf;/
(wpf e nf ; ) wef c d k ; BuD ; aomewf w pf a ,muf o nf rd r d
wefcdk;jzifh tvGefxufvSpGmaom ,rf;rIefYudk wpfckaomae&m
rSwef; twGizf efqif;ajy;\? rD;onftprSptwGiaf vmif
trDv
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kd \
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Y rf;rIeEYf iS hf olrY ;D awmuf ukeaf ysmufu,
G f
qHk;av\/ /(em&DpOfudk c&D;jyKIav/)
wpfem&DcefYumv c&D;odkYa&mufvQif 0wKkyfaygif; tuka#
ru csKyq
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tpodYk

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'd|oufao r&Srd
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yO0dnmP\ 'kwd, wwd, aumovXmeudk jyqdkaytHh/
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J
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ausmufESifhrD;cwf wdkufcdkufMuaomtcg rD;yGifhi,fyGifhouJhodkY
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tpodYk

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105

wdu
k cf u
kd f xifay:aomtcg puKtMunfrmS puK0n
d mP"mwfwpfck
zGm;ceJjzpfay:\ ESvHk;tdrfwGif;&Sd raemtMunfrSm v0ef;oPmef
rdk;BudK;rSefouJhodkY jyif;xefpGmxifay:\? wdrfwdkuf csif;cwf Mu
vQyfw0if;0if;jyufouJhodkY ESvHk;tdrfwGif;rSm 0if;0if;awmufaom
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tvGef arS;rSed v
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ysuf kyfodrf; uG,faysmuf&av\/
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f iG ;f rSm
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(tEykxkZefwdkY trIr[kwfyHk)

tpodYk

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onf u d k & nf 0d o k ' d r *f ....

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tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

107

rsufawmifcwfonfhtwGuf arSmifarSmif oGm;onfrSm

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wpfcu
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puK'Gg&qdkif&m 0dnmP"mwfwdkY\ ork', eda&m"
tjcif;t&mudk jyqdkaom tcef;NyD;\/

aomw 'Gg&qdik &f m Cme'Gg&qdik &f m Zd0gS 'Gg&qdik &f m um,

'Gg&qdkif&m 0dnmPfwdkYrSmvnf; puK'Gg&twdkif;odav/
em;rSm o'gk[
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tpodYk

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wpfNydKifeuf 0dnmP"mwfwkdY ay:EkdifMuonfum; r[kwf? tmkH

tm;BuD;&m tvSnfh tvSnhftm;jzifhom ay:Muukefonf? rcsKyf
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yO'Gg&qkdif&m 0dnmP"mwfcef; NyD;\/

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tpodYk

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vIy&f mS ;x<u ckev

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(um;--aMu;eef; Oyrmwnf;)

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

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rsufjrifudkaxmufxm; "mwfoGm;udk od&rnf? "mwfoGm;

udkrjrif bJ rsufjrifu ydkvGefaeorQ oum,'d|dwdkYcsnf;? yk*dKvf
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jyKorQ jriforQ trlt&mBu;D i,fwu
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Munfjh rif&vdrrhf nf? "mwfw\
Ykd tHb
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udk od&rnf/
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xifrIonfESpfrsdK;&Sd\/
1/ ajymif;vJcsuf tvGefvsifjrefvSonfhtwGufaMumifh
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t&mwpfrsKd ;/
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wpfrsKd ;/
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awmif wpfcwfcefY umvtwGif;rSm ta[mif;topf ajymif;vJrI
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f nf[k
t|uxmwdkYqdkonf vlwdkYrsufjrifrSm rsufawmifwpfcwf

tpodYk

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111

qdkvQifyif jrefvSNyD/
xdkYaMumifh udk,fcEmonf rsufawmifwpfcwftwGif;rSm
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a&tjynf h x nf h rwf r wf w nf xm;? oH j zLyH k ; wpf c k v H k ;
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rdrdodkY udkif;Idif;aom tcJBuD;onf cPcsif; taeysufjyef\?
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twefi,f twefBuD; wD;vdkufESufvdkuf vIyf&Sm;vdkufvQifyif
wpfcJvHk; wpfwHk;vHk; taeysuf oGm;\/
cEmwpfudk,fvHk; kyf"mwf emrf"mwf ajymif;rI vJrIrSmvnf; enf;
OyrmESifh wlvS\/

tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

112

kyf"mwf emrf"mwfwdkYrnfonf trlt&mBud,m oufouf

rQom jzpfMuukef\ tom;trQif taphtqef tusdwftcJ[l
tPkjrLrQ r&SdMuukef? xdkYaMumifh xdka&wHk;a&cJBuD; ysufNydKajymif;
vJrIESifhwlpGmyif ysufcsKyf ajymif;vJEdkifownf;/
um; topf t a[mif ; ajymif ; vJ c suf vsif j ref y H k u d k jyqd k a om
tcef;wnf;/

,cktcg vIyf&Sm;csuf vsifjrefyHkudk jyqdktHh? tdyfae&mrS

xdkifrnf[k apwem ocFg& vIHYaqmfvdkufvQif wpfudk,fvHk;&Sd
taMumBuD; taMumi,fwdkYrSm t*Fr*FgEkom&Dac:aom pdwZ
"mwfavwdkYonf cPcsif; jynfhukef\? tdyfaeaomtcg taMum
BuD; taMumi,fjzpfaeaom kyfa[mif; "mwfa[mif;wdkYonf
cPcsif; csKyfaysmuf ukef\? taMumBuD; taMumi,fjzpf
aeaom kyfa[mif; kyfopf cPcsif; vJajymif;rIukd jrifatmif
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f nfEiS hf aumif;uif
odkYysHwufatmif rwwfEdkif/
wefcdk;tbdnmPf apwem ocFg&onfrlum; wpfudk,fvHk;
av"mwf jynfah tmif wwfprG ;f Edik o
f nfjzpf ud,
k cf Emudk vJ0g
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tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

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wwfEikd o
f nf wefc;kd tbdnmPf r[kwaf omfvnf; OaA*gyDwEd iS hf
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csed 0f eftm;jzifh oH;k qJEh pS yf
d m oH;k qJih g;ydmcef&Y \
dS ? tbdnmPf
aZm OaA*gaZm jzpfay:vmcJhvQif jzpfay:onfESifhwpfNydKifeuf
cPcsif; wpfudk,fvHk; av"mwfay: vmaomtcg av;vSpGm
aom ajr"mwf a&"mwftukefvHk; cPcsif; udk,fvHk;uRwf aysmuf
uG,af v\ av"mwfoYkd tpOfvu
kd af om tvGeaf ygY aom ajr"mwf
a&"mwf topfajymif;vJav\? udk,fcEmonf csdef0efwpfyJ
wpfa&G;rQ tav;r&SNd yD rdiI ;f cd;k jynfah om avmu"mwf rD;tdryf sH uJo
h Ykd
aeav\? rsufjrifudk OyrmjyKvdkufonf/
xdrk ;D tdru
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kyfajymif;vJrI vsifjrefcsufudk Pfpl;oGm;zdkY jyqdkvdkufaom
tcsupf w
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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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--------------

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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146

rdrdudk,fjzpfaeaom a&"mwfMurf;BuD; rD;"mwfMurf;BuD;

av"mwf Murf;Bu;D avmb"mwfMurf;Bu;D a'go"mwfMurf;Bu;D rsm;ukd
y&rwobm0 tppfukd rjrifEikd af om tEyZk efonf edAm efpum;ukd
ajymqdk BuHzefjcif;iSm tvGefa0;vSpGm\/
Z&m[laom "mwfMurf;Bu;D r&P[laom "mwfMurf;Bu;D ukrd S
y&rw obm0tppfukd rjrifEikd b
f J r&P"mwfuykd if igao&vwUH
olao&vwUH rnfoal oNyD tpSo
d nfjzifh oum,'d|id &Jr;D wnD;
nD;awmufaeaom tEykxkZefonf edAmefpum;ukd ajymqdk
BuHzef oabmusEdkif&efpcef; tvGefa0;vSpGm\/
xdaYk Mumifh oum,'d|rd ;D \tvdk yk*Kd vo
f w0g [laom pdwf
onmrsm;ukd a0;pGmy,fmS ;Ny;D rS oufoufaom "mwfpOf "mwfomG ;
"mwftvm;wdkYESifh BuHzefajyma[mrIom edAmefpum; ajzmifhrwf
Edik &f mownf;/
terw*oHo&m cEmtpOf tm,wetpOf "mwftpOf
tvsOrf ysuf qufvufjzpfymG ;vmcJph Of tcgvnf; rsuaf wmif
wpfcwfrQ umvrSmyif tBudrfwpfaxmif tqufwpfaxmifru
"mwfopf "mwf a[mif; ajymif;vJqufvufrS rsuaf wmifwpfcwf
jynfhrDEdkifonf? topfay:rI ta[mif;csKyfuG,frI wpfcPrQ
pJco
YJ nfr[kw/f
okaYd omfvnf; tMuifrQavmuf t0dZm wPSm[laom 0#fjrpf
onf rNidrf;ao;? xdkrQavmufaom umvywfvHk; wpfb0qHk;
wpfb0 qufvufjyefvQif rD;wpfqJhwpfyg; xufMuyfygaom

tpodYk

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awbkru "mwfMurf;pkcsnf; qufvufjzpfyGm;\? tMuifb0

t0dZm wPSmcsKyq
f ;kH \? xdb
k 0rS pkwu
d svQif awbkru
"mwfMurf;pk
qufvufrIrS uRwfvGwf rD;wpfqJhwpfyg; rvdkufEdkifaom
ed&P"mwfBu;D ESihf qufrad v\? rD;wpfqhJ wpfyg;rS vGwaf v\?
r&Pe,frS uRwfav\? "mwfMurf;pk SdaepOftcg "mwfMurf;pkudk
yk*Kdvf ow0gac:&ouJhokdY ed&P"mwfESifh qufrdaom tcg
xdked&P"mwfudkyif y&dedAmefpH yk*Kdvfac:vdkvQifac:awmh/
t&m terw*oo
H &m urmtqufquf Snv
f sm;onfh
twGufESifh edAmefudkvnf; Snfvsm;ouJhodkY a,mif aewwf\?
y&dedAmefpHMuaom bk&m;yapuAk'g om0uyk*KdvfawG terw*
oHo&mwGif tvGeftaxGtjym; rsm;jym;onfhtwGufESifhvnf;
edAmefrsm;jym;ouJhodkY a,mif aewwf\/
0d n mPH ted ' eH teE H oA a wmybH - [laom
ygVdawmfted'eH yk'ft&udk owdjyK/
umvtm;jzifh Snfvsm;onf[k jzpf&rIonf jzpfjcif;ysuf
jcif;Sdaom kyfcJ emrfcJwdkYrSmom &aumif;aom trIwnf;? xdkokdY
&aumif;aom kyw
f &m; emrfw&m;wd\
Yk Snv
f sm;rIEiS hf PfxrJ mS
,SOfwGJ raeapESifh? terw* oHo&mBuD;\ SnfrItvm;onf
edAm efEiS rhf qdik f Pfa,mifz,
G af umif; vS\? terw*oo
H &mwGif
tygt0ifjzpfMuukefaom bk&m;yapuAk'g t&d,mwdkY\ cEm
taxGtjym;wdkYonfvnf; edAmefESifh ra&m? Pfa,mif zG,f

tpodYk

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aumif;vS\? oHo&m0#f'kurSm teEtyar,stjypfSd\? xdk

tjypfw\
Ykd uif;Nird ;f rIjzpf teE tyar,s*P
k f adS om ed&P
"mwf BuD;wpfyg; {uefSd\[k rQom od&rnf? oHo&m urm
t&yfrsuEf mS wdEYk iS hf y&deAd m efpMH uol cEmtaxGtjym;udk a,mif0g;
vdkufa&m raeapvifh? rD;&xm; oGm;aomtcg opfyifwdkYudk
MunfharQmfvQif jyifusaom opfyifpku &xm;ESifhtNyKdifvdkuf
aebdouJhodkY xif&\ opfyifum; roGm; wpfqH zsm;rQ raGU?
&xm;om oGm;onf? &xm;ESihf oHo&murm tqufquf? opfyif
BuD;ESifh edAmef,SOfav/
ZrL'DyguRe;f rGe;f wnf
h aeaom v0ef;onf wpfuRe;f vk;H
tdrfwdkif;rSm a&vifyef;xm;vQif vifyef;wdkif; wGifxif\?
vifyef;rsm;wdik ;f vrsm;onfr[kw?f vifyef;rsm;ESihf y&deAd m efpH
yk*Kdvftrsm;? rGef;wnfh aeaomv0ef;ESifh edAmef,SOfav/
rQaom pum;&yf w d k Y j zif h ed A m ef [ l a om ed &P"mwf \
oabmudk t>rufrQ jyqdkcsuf? edAmef0if edAmefpH yk*Kdvf[l edAmefrSm
rSdonfudk jyqdkcsuf? ESpfcsufwdkYudk t>rufrQjyqdkaom wwd,
avQmufcsuftajzNyD;\/

edAmeftaMumif;t&mrSm usrf;*efwwfod ynmSdwdkY

a&;om;Muaom edAmeuxm tus,frsm;vnf; ,cktcg aygrsm;
yg\? odkYtwGufaMumifh t>rufrQudkom jyqdkvdkufonf/
wwd,jyem tajz NyD;\/

--------------

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pwkwcef;
tEyx
k Zk eftjzpfrv
S w
G
f uvsmPykxZk eftjzpf wnfae
&atmif odtyfaomw&m;rsm;\ okyfoabm t"dyg,frsm;udk
odvdkygonf-[laom avQmufcsufyk x k Z ef ES p f r sKd ;
'ka0 ykxkZem 0kwm? Aka'em'dpAEKem/
taEm ykxZk a em {aum? uvsmaPaum ykxZk a em/
rlvyPmo t|uxm

tm'dpAEKem=aerif;\tEG,fjzpfawmfrlaom? Aka'e=jrwf
pGmbk&m; onf? 'ka0=ESpfa,mufukefaom? ykxkZem=ykxkZefwdkYudk?
0kwm=a[mawmfrl tyfukef\? taEm ykxkZaem {aum=tE
ykxkZOfvnf;wpfa,muf? uvsmaPaum ykxkZaem=uvsmP
ykxkZefvnf; wpfa,mufwnf;/
tE y k x k Z ef vu P m
, [d cE "mwk tm,we op yp,mum&
owdy|mem'Dok O*[ y&dykpm 0dedp,&[dwwm
'd|dy#d ao"aum ae0 tm*arm-rlvyPmo t|uxm/

,=tMuifyk*Kdvftm;? cE "mwk tm,we op yp,m

um& owdy|mem'Dok=cEmw&m; "mwfw&m; tm,wew&m;
opmw&m; y#dpo
rkyg 'fw&m; owdy|mefw&m; ponfwYkd ? O*[
y&dykpm 0dedp, &[dwwm=ygVdudk tpGJtNrJ&jcif; teufudk

tpodYk

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aqG;aEG;jcif; qkH;jzwfSif;vif; Ekdifjcif;rS uif;onf\tjzpfaMumifh?

'd|dy#dao"aum=rdrdoEmefSdaeaom oum,'d|dw&m;udk wm;
jrpfy,fzsufEdkifaom? tm*arm=tbd"rm okwefusrf;*eftm*kH
EIwif aHk vhusuf aqmifu
G &f Sad om ygVdw&m;onf? ae0 tw=d rS?d
aom=xdyk *k K v
d u
f ?kd tkw0g wd=okwAk'd Pfrsupf rd S uif;aom
tEykxkZef[l? aa,sm=odtyf\/
uvsmP yk x k Z ef
- cEm 5-yg; tm,we 12-yg; "mwf 18-yg;? ygVd
bmom twdik ;f ESihf okyu
f jJG ym; pGNJ rjJ cif;[laom O*[/
- rdrdwdkYbmomESifh ae&musjy ajymEdkifjcif;[laom
y&dypk m /
- ud,
k af wGU'd|[laom O'g[kPv
f nf;aumif;? xifjrif
Edkif&ef ykHoPmef[laom Oyrmvnf;aumif;?
odkYwpfckwpfckaom "mwf O'g[kPf ykHoufao
om"uwdkY ESifh ae&mus ajymqdkEdkifjcif;[laom 0dedp,/
odkY
- O*[? y&dykpm? 0dedp, oHk;yg;wdkYjzifh cEmw&m;
Pfrsuf pdaygufaomol/
- "mwf tm,wew&m;wdkY Pfrsufaygufaomol/
- opmw&m;wdkY Pfrsufpd aygufaomol/
- y#dpo
rkyg 'f t*Fg 12-yg;wdYk Pfrsupf d aygufaom
ol/

tpodYk

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- owdy|mef 4-yg; ory" mef 4-yg; 'yd g'f 4-yg; a`E

5-yg; Adkvf 5-yg; aAmZif 7-yg; r*if 8-yg; [laom
aAm"dyud,w&m; 37-yg;wdkY uGJjym;&Sif;vif;pGm
Pfrsufpd aygufaomol/
(um; uvsmPykxkZef vuPmwnf;)

odkYaom "rtud Pfrsufpdr&Sdaomolonf rsufpdwpf

axmif tjrifaqmifaom odMum;rif;yif jzpfjim;aomfvnf;
tEykxkZefomrnf\? a&S;xkwfjycJhaom cE0*okwefygVdawmf
tvm cEmig;yg; aumovXme ckepfyg;wdYk jyqdck NhJ y;D aomtwdik ;f
Pftjrifaygufa&muf yGiv
hf if;aom olonf uvsmPykxZk ef
t*FgtvHk;pHk odrf;NcHKrd\/
tb,foYkd odr;f NcKH ro
d enf; [lru
l m;-ajr"mwf a&"mwf tp
&Sdaom "mwftoD;oD;wdkYudk jyqdkaom yxraumovXme
ig;csufrSm cEm tm,we "mwfoHk;yg;NcHKrd\/
tm[m& ork',m ly ork'a,m? tm[m& eda&m"m
lyeda&ma"m? zork',m a0'emork'a,m? zeda&m"m
a0'em eda&ma"m? tp&Sdaom 'kwd, wwd, aumovXme
ESpfyg;rSm y#dporkyg'f wpfpdwf0if\/
pwkwa umovXme[kqt
kd yfaom r*i&f pS yf g;rSm owdy|mef
av;yg;paom aAm"dyud,w&m;pk0ifav\? t"doDv t"dpdw
t"dynm odum oH;k yg;0if\? yg&rDq,fyg;0if\? opmav;yg;vnf;
0if\/

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r*if&Spfyg;wGif orm'd|d-ormouFyudk t"dynmodum

qdkonf? orm0gpm ormurE ormtmZD0udk t"doDvodum
qdkonf? orm0g,mr ormowd ormorm"dudk t"dpdwodum
qdo
k nf/
yg&rD q ,f y g; 0if y H k u m;...
m;...tb,'ge[kqdktyfaom
'geyg&rD oDvyg&rD cEyD g&rD opmyg&rD av;yg;onf t"dov
D
odum0ifonf aeuryg&rDonf aeur ormouFyyifwnf;?
arwmyg&rDonf tAsmyg' ormouFyyifwnf;? t"d|mefyg&rDOayumyg&rDonf ormorm"d r*iEf iS hf avsmo
f nf? orm'd|o
d nf
ynmyg&rDwnf;? orm0g,mronf 0D&d, yg&rDwnf;/
um; yg&rDq,fyg; 0ifyHkwnf;/

uvsmPykxkZefudk usrf;*efwdkY plVaomwmyefvnf;

qdo
k nf/
xdkESpfyg;aom aumovXmewdkYudk qHk;cef;a&muf xajrmuf
atmif yGm;rsm;tm;xkwEf ikd yf gvQif uvsmPykxZk ef plVaomwmyef
rQru ,ckb0yif y&rwaomwmyef ou'g*grf tem*grf
&[Emwdkifatmifyif Tefjyawmfrl\/
owXmeukoavm bdua0 bduK wd0d"ly y&duD ro
"r 0dea, au0vD 0kodw0g Owryk&daomwd 0kpwd/ /
( atmufu jyqkdcJhjyD;aom ygVdawmf )
pwkw avQmufcsufudk jyqkdaom tcef;jyD;\/

------------------

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y r cef ;
- pwkop 0dedrkawm "armemr ewd/
- ur|me 0dedrkawm "arm emr ewd[laomygVdrsm;t& "ruEm &Spfaomif;av;axmifonf
t"doDv pdwynm odumokH;yg;wGif twGif;0ifonf [laom
pum;t& vdrm jyKwwfvQif wpfckwpfckaom ukokdvfrIwGif
yg&rDq,fyg; yg0ifonf[laom pum;t& wpfckwpfckaom
ukokdvfukd jyKaomtcgrSm opmav;yg;udkvnf; ESvkH;oGif;Ekdif&ef
tedp 'ku tew vuPma&; okH;yg;udkvnf; ESvkH;oGif; Ekdif&ef
t"doDv pdw ynm odumokH;yg;vnf; yg0ifEkdif&ef yg&rDq,fyg;
vnf; yg0ifEidk &f ef y#dpo
rkyg 'fw&m;ukv
d nf; ESv;Hk oGi;f Ekid &f ef y|mef;
24-ypnf;ukdvnf; ESvkH;oGif;Ekdif&ef a&;om;u,frawmfrlygrnfh
taMumif;[laom yravQmufcsufuk o k d v f j yK&m op m zJ G U vu P ma&;wif od u m 3-yg;
yg&rD q ,f y g;oG i f ; enf ; ES i f h y#d p o rk y g 'f z G J U enf ;
jrwfpmG bk&m;\ *kPaf wmf aus;Zl;awmfukd o'gMunfE;l txl;
av;jrwf Ak ' H o &PH *p m rd [kwpfcGef; >rufqkdvkdufaom
Ak'o
&P*kH ukov
kd rf w
I pfck pwkopmyg0ifyHk vuPma&;ok;H yg;IyHk
odum ok;H yg;yg0ifyHk yg&rDq,fyg;yg0ifyHk y#dpo
rkyg 'fqifjcifyHk y|mef;
24-ypnf; jrifykHrsm;ukd t>rufrQ jyqkdaytHh/

tpodYk

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Ak ' H o&PH *p m rd qkd&m rd tu&mwGif r[mukokdvf

Por,kwf Ou|wd[dwfaZm ckESpfBudrfjzpfonf? wpfBudrf
wpfBudrfaomaZmrSm a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPf emrfcEm
av;yg;pDygSdonf? xkdaZmwkdYrS jzpfvmaom pum;vkH;pkonf
lyuEm wnf;? cEmig;yg;jzpf\? xkad Zmwk\
Yd rS&D m [',kyEf iS w
hf uG
wpfukd,fvkH;onf lyuEmrnf\? [lvnf; qkd&yg\/
op m av;yg;jrif e nf ; um;- rd tu&mukd &GwfqkdqJ
cP&Sdaom xkd cEmig;yg;onf r&PrD;xyfMuyfygaomaMumifh
'kuopmaywnf;? xkdYaMumifh ,H lyH tedpH 'kuH 0dy&dPmr"rH
t,H l y tm'D e a0g
a0g-tpSdonfjzifh q|aumovXme
ig;yg;udk a[mawmfrlonf/
xkrd -d tu&mudk &Gwq
f q
dk t
J cg xkd yl uEm ukd jzpfymG ;atmif
wnf axmifSdaeaom tm[m&"mwfonf lyuEm\ ork',
opm rnf\? bk&m;*kPfukd tmkHckdufawGUaeaom zonf
a0'em onm ocFg&wk\
Yd ork',opmrnf\? xkcd Emok;H yg;ESiw
hf uG
[',kyfpkonf 0dnmPf\ ork',opmrnf\? xkdYaMumifh
tm[m&ork',m lyork'a,m tpSo
d nfjzifh 'kw,
d aumov
Xmeig;yg;ukd a[mawmfrlonf/
Ak'o
&P*kaH Zm jzpfay: aeqJtcg &m*\aomif;use;f rI
a'go\ aomif;use;f rI arm[\aomif;use;f rIwo
Ykd nf csKyNf ird ;f
aeuke\
f ? xdak omif;use;f rIw\
Ykd w'*Ftm;jzifh csKyNf ird ;f jcif; Oyor
w&m;onf eda&m"opmrnf\/

tpodYk

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,o r[memr ora, t&d,om0aum wxm*wH

tEk&wd? ae0 wo ora, &m*y&d,k|dwH
pdwH a[mwd e a'goy&d,k|dwH pdwH a[mwd? e
arm[y&d,k|dwH pdwH a[mwd/
(r[memrokwf ygVdawmf)

a&S; ork',ESprf sK;d eda&m" ESprf sK;d cG

J jycJ&h m y#doaEyk f
y#doaE a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPfw\
Ykd topfjzpfay:rIr&Sjd cif;
wnf;[laom eda&m"opmESiv
hf nf; jyqd&k \? ]rd}tu&mudk &Gwq
f J
cP qdkufwdkufrI r[kwfao; r[memrokwf t&udkom jyqdk
vdu
k o
f nf/
Ak'o&P*kHaZm ckESpfBudrfrSmyg&Sdaom orm'd|dr*if orm
ouFyr*if orm0g,mrr*if ormowdr*if ormorm"dr*if
[laom y*ur*fonf r*opmrnf\/
um; avQmufxm;ol armifaomf\ Ak'o&P*HkaZm wpfBudrfwpfBudrf
&xdkufaomopmav;yg;udk xkwfjycsufwnf;/

vuPma&;oH;k yg;udk Ijrifyu

kH jkd yqdt
k -hH --a&S; jyqdck NhJ y;D aom
"mwfkyfyHkBuD;udk jyefMunfh? bk&m;wnf;[laom tmkHonf
jyrSefBuD;ESifh wl\? xdkjyrSefBuD;udk jyvdkufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf
"mwfkyfBuD;\ twGif;"mwftdk;rSm "mwfrD; [kef;ceJ awmufx
onfEiS hf [',"mwftrd w
f iG ;f rSm aZm"mwfpk azG;ceJ azG;ceJ jzpfay:
rI wl\? wpfow
k w
f pfow
k v
f Qif ckEpS q
f ifh ckEpS q
f ifrh w
I o
f nf? xdak Zm
wpf c suf w pf c suf r I w f r I o nf a&td k i f i ,f t wG i f ; rS m a&jr K yf

tpodYk

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,rf;awmifu
h
JG rIwaf om,rf;cd;k avcd;k &Sed Ef iS w
hf \
l ? xkad ZmrIw
f
kypf k yk cf aJ jymif;vJjzpfay:rIonfum; xkad &tkid if ,frmS ajymif;qef
oGm;aom a&pkEiS w
hf \
l toHtu&mvk;H xGuaf y:rIrmS oabFmOMo
rIwfrIESifh wl\/
a&tk d i f O yrmum; tvG e f a ES ; ao;\? av;vH a o;\?
aZm[kef jyif; xefykHukd xifapvkdjy&onf aZm[kefjyif;xefykHudk
wpfu,
dk v
f ;Hk kypf k kycf aJ jymif;vJcsujf refyu
Hk kd tjrifao; raeap
vif?h vIyv
f yI f &Sm;&Sm;jyKorQ rsujf rifpu
k dk "mwfjrifu rvku
d Ef idk v
f Qif
oum,'d|di&JrD;awmufzkdYcsnf;? i&JrD;udkaMumufvQif t[kwfjrif
atmifMunf/
ajymif;vJykHjrefrIrSm oHjzLa&pnfudkvIyf&Sm;rI Oyrmom
aumif; onf? xkda&pnfrSmyif kyfopfkyfa[mif; ajymif;vJykH
jrefoavmuf PfrDatmif cJ,Of;ao;\/
wpfrsufESmvkH; wpfacgif;vkH; wpfudk,fvkH; cPcsif; kyf
a[mif; ukefcef; uG,fqkH;rIudk MunfhIaomtcg tvGefxufvSpGm
aom ,rf ; qD xk H xm;tyf a om vl a umif o P m ef S d a om
tvGeEf ;l nHv
h pS mG aom 0g*Gr;f cJBu;D udk rD;avmifoGm;&m 0g*Gr;f om;
tpOftwkdif;ukef oGm;rIESifh wlpGmMunfh? udk,fvkH;uRwf ajymif;
vJrIonf odkYpOfrQ avmufjriffEkdifygrnfavm[k jrefrIudk aMumifh
MuzG,fr&Sd? tvGefarSmifrdkufaom wkdufcef;wGif;rSm rD;jcpf xGef;
vku
d &f m wpfcef;vk;H jynf
h aeaom arSmifyk cf BJ u;D onf rD;awmuf
onfESifh wpfjyKdifeuf uG,faysmuf\? wpfcef;vkH; rD;a&miftvif;
csufjcif;jynfh\/

tpodYk

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OyrmrSm rD;awmufrSjzpfyGm;ysHUESHYoGm;aom rD;a&mif

kyfopf\ ysHUESHYrIjrefcsufukd Munfhxm;? rsufjrifrvkdufEkdif?
wpfcef;vkH;jynfhjyD;udkom jrif&onf? wpfcef;vkH;&SdarSmifwkduf
arSmifcJBuD;csKyfuG,frIukdvnf; rsufjrif rvkdufEkdif? uG,fjyD;udkom
od&awmhonf? cEmukd,frSmvnf; twkdif;yif? xkdYaMumifh kkyf
ajymif;csujf refru
I dk rpd;k &dr&f ? PfraD tmifom vkv
d o
S nf ky"f mwf
emrf"mwfwkdYajymif;vJcsuf jrefoavmufum; om0uwkdY Pf
rvku
d Ef idk ?f oAnKb&k m;wkYd Pfrv
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tpodYk

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ud a vo-tbd o cF g &rm&f u d k atmif y k H

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tpodYk

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b0tusKd;udk ay;pGrf;Edkifaom ukodkvfuH tukokdvfuHpkwdkYonf

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cE r m&f r p K rm&f u d k atmif y k H
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ykHwnf;/

tpodYk

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,ck ypKyef cEmawmf pkwdawmfudk atmifjrifawmfrlykHum;bk&m; tjzpfodkYra&mufrD a&S;a&S;aomb0 terw*oHo&m

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tpodYk

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Munfhap&m rdrdukd,f bDvl;rukd Zmwdtwkdif;jrifav\? xkdtcgrS

bDvl;rukd rdrdu atmifjrifav\? atmifjrifaomfvnf; ESpfSnf
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tpodYk

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avmb a'go arm[wnf;? tbd o cF g &rm&f qk d o nf

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tpodYk

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oku"rrsKd;onf olawmfaumif; toufwnf;? oku"r

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[laom udavorm&f olowfa,mufsm; tNy;D xufMuyfEiS hf xlaxmif

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ysufpD;rIwkdYonfvnf; avmbrm&f\ owfcsufcsnf;omwnf;?
a'gorm&f ponfwkdYvnf; enf;wl jrifav/
wpfenf;um;
um;- avmbonf tavmbukd owf\? a'go
onf ta'goukd owf\? arm[onf tarm[ukd owf\?
terw*oHo&m jzpfcJhorQaom tavmbrIpk &aohtvkyfpk
&[ef;tvkyfpk uokdPf;psmefpk tokbpsmefpkonf avmb\

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e,fwiG ;f ysuq
f ;Hk jyKe;f wD;cJah v\? a'go ponfwYdk vnf; enf;
twkdif; jrifav/
,ck b0vnf; olawmfaumif;w&m;ukd Mum;&em& trSwf
&aomtcg rdrdwkdY tZwoEmefwGif &Hzef&Hcg ay:vmaom
tavmb"mwfjzL aeur"mwfjzLpkonf avmbrI\ vufwGif;
ysuq
f ;Hk jcif;okYd a&mufav\? wpfnOfv
h ;Hk w0if;0if; wvufvuf
ysuo
f rQ vQyaf &mifpo
k nf arSmif\ twGi;f uG,q
f ;Hk avouJo
h Ydk
wnf;? a'goponfwkdYvnf; enf;wljrifav/
um; udavorm&f\ owfcsufudk t>rufrQjy qkdaom pum;&yfwnf;/

cE r m&f \ owf c suf

cErm&f OD;acgif;jzpfaeaom "mwfBu;D av;yg;wGif wpfyg;
yg; azmufjyefaoqkH;rI rsufvkH;jzpfaeaom em;jzpfaeaom
ESmacgif; jzpfaeaom ar;yg;oGm;vQmcHwGif;jzpfaeaom
vnfyif;jzpfaeaom tqkwfjzpfaeaom tonf;ESvkH;jzpf
aeaom ponfjzifh wpfukd,fvkH; tESHYjrifav/ /puKtmkHukd
vkdufpm;aoqkH;rI aomwtmkHukd Cme tmkHudk Zd0SgtmkHudk
um,tmkHudk vkdufpm; aoqkH;rI? okdYponfjzifh lyuEm\
owfru
I kd jrifav/ / puKorZm a0'emudk vku
d pf m; aorI/
v / raemorZma0'emudk vdkufpm;aorI? lyonmudk
vku
d pf m; aorI / v / "ronmudk vku
d pf m; aorI/ / o'gvrf;
udk vGefpGmvdkufpm; aorIum; o'gowf aorIwnf;? oDv
vrf;udk vGefpGmvdkufpm; aorIum; oDvowf aorIwnf;?

tpodYk

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okwvrf;udk vGepf mG vdu

k pf m; aorIum; okwowf aorIwnf;
'gevrf; pm*vrf;udk vGepf mG vku
d pf m; aorIum; 'geowf pm*
owf aorIwnf;? avmuynm "rynmvrf;udk vGefpGmvdkuf
pm; aorIum; ynmowf aorIwnf;/ bm0emvrf;udk vGepf mG
vdkufpm; aorIum; bm0emowf aorIwnf;? avmbvrf;
a'govrf;ponfum; xif&mS ;Ny?D puK0n
d mPfpw
d t
f vdu
k dk vku
d
f
aorIum; puK0dnmPfowf aorIwnf;/ v / raem0dnmPf
pdwftvkdukdvkduf aorIum; raem0dnmPfowf aorIwnf;/
um; emrfcEmav;yg;\ owfcsufudk t>rufrQ jyqkdvkdufaom
tcef;wnf;/

rp K rm&f \ owf c suf

rpKrm&f\ owfcsufwkdYudk t>rufrQjyqkdOD;tHh- terw*
oHo&m ig\OD;acgif;jzpfaom kyfcJaygif; b,frQukefqkH;uG,f
aysmufcJhvdrfhrnfenf;/
rsufvkH;kyfcJaygif; em;cJaygif; ESmcJaygif; vQmcJaygif; tqkwfcJaygif;
tonf;cJaygif; okdY ponfjzifhMunfhajrmfav/

,ck b0rSmvnf; zGm;jrifonfrSp aeYpOfrsKdtyfaom

tm[m&aygif; rnfrQ&Sdvdrfhrnfenf;? tm[m&"mwfqD topf
ta[mif; ajymif;vJ wdkif;ajymif;vJwkdif; rpJrpJ aeYpOfvJaom
OD;aESmufcJaygif;rnfrQ ukefqHk;cJhvdrfhrnf rsufvHk;cJaygif; rnfrQ
ukeq
f ;kH cJv
h rd rhf nf em;cJaygif; ESmcJaygif; vQmcJaygif; tqkwcf aJ ygif;
tonf;cJaygif; ESvHk;cJaygif; ponfjzifh ajrmfav/ /puK'Gg&rSm

tpodYk

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xcJh ay:cJah om emruEm aygif;/ v / raem'Gg&rSm xcJh ay:cJah om

emruEmaygif; b,frQukefqHk;cJhvdrfhrnf[k ajrmfav/
odkY r&P rD;csufudkIajrmfaomtcg yk*dKvf ow0g ig
[laom txifudk t0ifrcHESifh/
"mwf a q; Oyrm
kyfemrfcEm topfta[mif; tajymif;tvJ jrefykHudk Oyrm
qdkOD;tHh? 0dZmr, Pfwefcdk;jzifh pD&ifxm;aom "mwfaq;
wpfrsKd;onf &Sdowwf? tvHk;oPmef rkefnif;aphcefY&Sd&m\?
tcsKdUtvHk;um; tjzLwnf;? tcsKdUum; teDwnf;? tcsKdUum;
teufwnf;? *gxmpkwf rkefnif;aphcefY wpfvHk;udk ypfvdkuf
onf&Sdaomf yuwd vlaumif;oPmefrQ yGg; qGwfqGwf jzLaom
vlwpfa,mufjzpfae\? csed 0f efvnf; vlwpfa,mufpmrQav;\?
,rf;yHrk S rD;awmufBu;D xouJo
h Ykd tyGm;jrefv\
S ? wpfzef*gxmpkw
f
teDvHk; wpfckudk wefcdk;jzifh xdktkyfBuD;\ ESvHk;tdrfwGif;odkY
oGi;f vdu
k jf yefonf&adS omf ESv;kH tdrw
f iG ;f odYk a&mufonfEiS hf wpfNyKd if
euf ,cktjzLvH;k twl yGm;jyef\? ESv;kH tdrrf pS teDjyefyY gG ; oGm;&m
teDa&muf&m a&muf&m xd&m xd&mrSm tjzL ausaysmufav\?
cPcsi;f vleBD u;D jzpfjyef\/ /Oyrm a&S;OD;pGm PfrD kH ajymif;
vJMunfh? teDyGm; csJU oGm;&m tjzLcJawG ajrUajrU aMuysuf
uG,fqHk;rIudk jrifatmifMunfh/ igwdkYudk,fcEmvnf; twdkif;yif/
a,mp 0owH ZDa0? tyH O',A,H/
{um[H ZD0dwH aoa,sm? yawm O',A,H/
("ry' ygVdawmf)

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a,mp=tMuifoo
l nfum;? O',A,=H cEmig;yg;\ wzGm;zGm;
jzpfay:rI tvHk;tcJ woJoJ uG,faysmuf csKyfqHk;rIudk? tyH
tyaEm=wpfBurD w
f pfcgrQ rjrifb;l &bJ? 0owH=tESpw
f pf&m
ywfv;kH ? ZDa0=touf&n
S \
f ? wawm=xdx
Yk uf? O',A,=H cEmig;yg;
\ wzGm;zGm;jzpf ay:rI tvH;k tcJ woJoJ uG,af ysmuf csKyq
f ;kH rIu?kd
yawm=jrifEdkifaomol\? {um[H=wpfaeYwpf&ufrQ? ZD0dwH=
touf&Snfjcif;onf? aoa,sm=jrwfao;\/
um; y#doaErSp cPrpJ toufcJ cEmcJ kyfcJ
uvmyfcJ wdkYudk &SJ&SJ &JS&JS tNrJowfpm;aeaom rpKrm&f\
tcsufudk jyqdkcef;wnf;? jyqdkcJhNyD;aom cE0*oH,kwf
a'oemawmf tm'De0aumovXmeudk jrifjyefvQif cErm&f
rpKrm&fwdkYudkvnf; aumif;pGm jrifEdkifvwHU/
jrwfpmG bk&m;\ bk&m;rjzpfrD cEmtpOfEiS hf bk&m;jzpfNy;D aom
cEmtpOf tb,fokdY xl;jcm;ygoenf; [l&m-bk&m;rjzpfrD cEm
tpOf o nf u m; ud a vorm&f a c:aom "mwf n pf "mwf r J p k ?
tbdocFg&rm&f ac:aom "mwfap; "mwfcRpJ Ek iS hf a&m\? bk&m;jzpf
Ny;D aom cEmtpOfonf um; xd"k mwfnpf "mwfrJ "mwfcRJ "mwfap;pk
rSdNyD? xdk"mwfykyf "mwfrJ "mwfcRJ "mwfap;SdMuaom aouyk*dKvf
ykxZk Ofy*k Kd v\
f aoNy;D aom tavmif;onf ykyjf cif; a[mifjcif;SMd u
onf? bk&m;&[EmwdkY\ tavmif;awmfrSm ykyfonf eHonf [l
rSdNyD? touf0dnmPf xifSm;SdpOfrSmvnf; enf;twlwnf;/

tpodYk

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tpmtm[m&jcif; wlMuaomfvnf; 0if;0if;awmuf Munf

vif jzLpifaom emruEm wdrYk S wpfu,
kd v
f ;kH rGr;f vTr;f NcKH aeaom
pdwZ kyfwdkYtwGuf wpfudk,fvHk;onf tvGefjzLpifpGm zGyfavQmf
xm;aom 0g*Grf;tpk tcJuJYokdYwnf;/
pMumrif ; yw j rm;ok d Y
pMumrif;\ ywjrm;vHk;ukd tvGefaemufvSpGmaom a&tdkif
wGi;f rSm csxm;cJv
Y Qif wpftikd v
f ;kH onf ywjrm;a&uJo
Y Ydk Munf&\?
twl bk&m; &[EmwdkY\ aZmcEmtpOfonf pMumrif;\
ywjrm;&wemESifh wl\? cEmawmfonf a&tkdifSda&ESifh wl\/ /
um; tykyfteHY rSd&m ,kwdwnf;/
rif;wdkY\ pHae&mjzpfaom eef;jymom'fonf rif;\ pHae
&mjzpf aepOftcg ylaZmfjcif;iSm rxdkuf? xdkjymom'fudk ausmif;
awmfaqmufvkyf ausmif;awmfjzpfaomtcg ylaZmfxdkuf\?
ylaZmfvQif ewfGm edAmeftusdK; jzpf\/
bk&m;rjzpfrD cEmawmfonf rif;pHaeqJaom eef;awmfESifh
wl\ bk&m;jzpfNyD;aemuf cEmawmfonf jrwfpGmbk&m; oDwif;oHk;
aeaom ausmif;awmfBuD;ESifh wl\? bk&m;rjzpfrD qdkaomfvnf;
od'wfrif;tjzpfSdaom cEmtpOfudk,l? awmxGufNyD;aom
aemufcEmawmfum; ylaZmfxu
kd v
f NS yD xdaYk Mumifh 0wfvaJ wmfyq
k ;kd ukd
ok'g0gojA[mwdkY,l 'kapwDwnfxm; udk;uG,fMuavonf
obm0y0wd rvdrmaomaMumifh cEmawmfum; bk&m;r[kwf

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Pfawmfonfom bk&m;[kwfonf[k ,lMuaom rdpm0g'rsm;ukd

em;ra,mifxdkuf/
q| jyem tajzNyD;\/
-----------------

owrcef;
]]&wemok;H yg;\ o&P*Ht
k jzpf o&P*Hw
k nfatmif jyKusihf
enf;ukd odvdkygonf?}}[laom owravQmufcsufo&P*H k txl ; tjym;
o&P*HktaMumif;t&m ]o&Pm'd 0dedp,} paom pmtkyf
rsm; xifSm;SdMuNyDjzpf tus,fudk rqdkvdkufNyD? vdk&if;rQukd
jyqdkaytHh/
- 0wK "rudk Sdcdk;onfSdaomf ig\ Sdcdk;rIonf tyg,f
ab;rS vGwaf tmif aqmifEikd af om ukov
dk yf n
k rI jzpf\[k
Sdcdk;\? xdk Sdcdk;rIvnf; {uE tyg,fab;rSvGwfatmif
aqmifEdkifaom ukokdvfyknrsdK;jzpfthH xdk0wK xdk"ronf
o&Prnf\? ud;k uG,&f mxdu
k af om 0wK"rrnf\? xdo
k \
l
Sdcdk;rIonfvnf; o&P*Hkrnf\/
- 0wK "rudk Sdcdk;onfSdaomf ig\ Sdcdk;rIonf tyg,f
ab;rS vGwfatmif aqmifEdkifaom ukokdvfykn jzpf\[k
Sdcdk;um; Sdcdk;\? xdkSdcdk;rIonf {uE tyg,fab;rS vGwf
atmif aqmifEikd af om ukov
dk yf n
k rsKd ; rjzpf? tcsn;f ES;D aom

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Scd ;kd rIom jzpfthH xd0k wK xd"k ronf o&P r[kw?f ud;k uG,f
&mxdkufaom 0wK"rrsdK; r[kwf? xdkol\ Sdcdk;rIonfvnf;
o&P*Hk rjzpf/
o&PH *pmrd [k qnf;uyfrI aqmufwnfrIvnf; enf;twdkif;
odav/

oabm,k w d u m;-- jzLpifaom oDv? orm"d? ynm paom*kPfonf tvGef

rGefjrwfaom ajrqDMoZmESifh wl\/
- xdk*kPfESifhjynfYpHkaom bk&m; w&m; oHCmonf xdkajrqD
MoZmESifh jynfYpkHaom v,fcif;ESifh wl\/
- xdkbk&m; w&m; oHCmudk tmHkjyK wG,fwm wnfpkduf
rdrd oEmefjzpfaom pdwf apwemonf xdkv,fcif;rSm
pkdufysdK;aom pyg;rsdK;aphESifh wl\/
jzLpifaom oDv orm"d ynm tpSdaom*kPfrS uif;
tcsnf;ESD;aom rdpm0dwufrsdK;ESifh aeaomolonf tqD MoZm
oufoufrSdaom tvGefajcmufaom uswfwD;ukef;jyifESifh wl\?
xdkolukd qdkcJYNyD;aomenf;jzifh Sdcdk;aomtrI qnf;uyfaom trI
rsm;onf xdkuswfwD;ukef;jyifrSm BuJysdK;aom pyg;rsdK;ESifh wl\?
ukokdvfykn rjzpf? tcsnf;ESD;omwnf;/
urmpOfquf vlynmSd &aoh &[ef; ykPm; ynmSdwdkY\
tpOf xifmS ;pGm vmcJaY om ukov
dk w
f &m; jzpfymG ;rI enf;vrf;rsKd ;?
tukokdvfw&m; jzpfyGm;rIenf;vrf;rsdK;? 'kpkdufenf;vrf;rsdK;?

tpodYk

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okpku
d ef nf;vrf;rsKd ;? ok*wdtvm; 'k*w
t
d vm; enf;vrf;rsKd ;onf
S\
d ? xdek nf;vrf;rsKd ;wdw
Yk iG f wpfcak om enf;vrf;rsKd ;ukyd if y,fzsu
f
tjypfSdonfukd tjypfrSd tusdK;Sdonfudk tusdK;rSd[k t,lrdpm
Sdaomolonf rD;vQH rD;awmufxaeaom ausmufzsmtjyifESifh
wl\? xdkolukd qdkcJYNyD;aomenf;jzifh Sdcdk;aom trI qnf;uyfaom
trIonf xdkausmufzsm tjyifrSm rsdK;BuJonfESifh wl\? tusdK;
rSdonfhjyif wpfukd,fvHk;ukd rD;vQHoifhavao;\/
xdo
k &P*Ho
k nf-(1)okwo&P*Hk (2)'d|o&P*H[
k
l ESpyf g;
tjym;Sd\? xdkESpfyg;wGif oum,'d|d 0dpdudpmwdkY\ aysmufNidrf;
&maom cEm"r? tm,we"r? "mwk"rwdkY\ tjzpftysufudk
jrifEikd af om orm'd|
d Pfum; rS?d MunfnKd bG,af om bk&m;*kPf
w&m;*kPf oHCm*kPf omoemh*P
k w
f u
Ykd kd Mum;emrSwo
f m; o'gyGm;
qnf;uyfu;kd uG,af om o&P*Ho
k nf okwo&P*Hrk nf\? bk&m;
w&m; oCFm &wemok;H yg;udk jrifaom o&P*krH [kwf bk&m; w&m;
oCFm &wemok;H yg;ukd awGUaom o&P*Hrk [kwf omoe"rujkd rif
aom o&P*Hkr[kwf omoe"rukdawGUaom o&P*Hkr[kwf
[lvdkonf/ xdkYaMumifha,m acg 0uvd "rH e ywd?
(cE0*oH,kwygVd)
aom rH e ywd/
[l a[mawmfrlonf/
0uvd=0uvd&[ef;? acg=pifppf? a,m=tMuifolonf?
"rH=cEm emrfkyfw&m;ukd? e ywd=jrifEdkifaomPfrSd? aom=
xdkolonf? rH=igbk&m;ukd? e ywd=rjrif/

tpodYk

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jrwfpGmbk&m;\ teD;tem; tNrJae aeYrpJ nOfhrpJ tNrJ

Sdcdk;ylaZmf zl;ajrmfaeaom 0uvd&[ef;udk a[mawmfrlaom
a'oemawmf/
a'oemawmfudk axmuf rdru
d ,
kd rf mS cEm emrfyk f w&m;
wdkYudkvnf;aumif;? cEm emrfkyfw&m;wdkY\ jzpfrI ysufrIudkvnf;
aumif; rjrifEdkifaom olwdkY\ o&P*Hkonf 'd|o&P*Hkr[kwf?
okwo&P*HkrQom jzpfaMumif;ukd qdkEdkif odEdkif&mownf;/
'd | o&P*H k qd k o nf u m;m;-oum,'d|d 0dpdudpmwdkY\
aysmufNird ;f &maom cEm tm,we "mwfwu
Ykd v
kd nf;aumif;? xdck Em
tm,we "mwfwdkY\ jzpfrI ysufrIudkvnf;aumif; jrifEdkifaom
orm'd|dPfESifh jynfhpkHaomol\ o&P*Hkonf 'd|o&P*Hk
rnf\? bk&m; w&m; oHCm &wemokH;yg;ukd jrif&aomo&P*Hk
awGU&aomo&P*Hk qdkvdkonf/
a,m acg 0uvd "rH ywd? aom rH ywd/
(cE0*oH,kw ygVdawmf/ / teufvG,fNyD/)

'kuH 'kuorkyg'H? 'kup twdurH/

t&d,|*uH r*H? 'kuLyor *grdeH/ /
{wH acg o&PH acrH? {wH o&P rkwrH/
{wH o&P rm*r? oA'kum yrkpwd/ /
("ry'ygVdawmf)

tpodYk

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'ku=H 'kuo
pmukv
d nf;? ywd=jrif\? 'kuo
rkyg 'H='kuj zpf
yG m ;aMumif ; ud k v nf ; ? ywd = jrif \ ? 'k u ='k u o p m \?
twdurH=vGefajrmuf csKyfNidrf;rIukdvnf;? ywd=jrif\? 'kuLy
or*grdeH='ku\ Nidrf;rIokdY qdkufapwwfaom? t&d,Ht|*uH
r*=H t|*u t&d,r*fuv
kd nf;? ywd=jrif\? acg=pifppf? {wH=
tjrifav;csuo
f nfomvQi?f acrH=ab;uif;aom? o&PH=ud;k uG,f
&mjzpf\? {wH=tjrifav;csufonfomvQif? OwrH=jrwfaom?
o&PH=ukd;uG,f&mjzpf\? {wHo&PH=ukd; uG,f&mukd? tm*r=
qnf;uyf? 0g=a&muf&? oA'kum=tvHk;pkHaom 0#f'kurS?
yrkpwd=vGwfEdkif\/
um; 'd|o&P*Hkwnf;/

'd|o&P*Ho
k nf xkwjf ycJNY y;D aom cE0*o,
H w
k yf gVdawmf
ukd tpOfavQmuf yxr 'd|o&P*Hk 'kwd, wwd, pwkw
yOr q| owr 'd|o&P*H[
k
l ckepfyg;S\
d / / aumovXme
ckepfyg;ESifh tpOftwdkif;,SOfav/
Oyrmqd k O D ; tH h - BuD;pGmaom ElempJGuyf 'kujyif;pGm cH
ae&aom olESpfa,mufonf Sdowwf? ElemBuD;rsdK;ukd aysmuf
atmifupk m;Edik af om 0dZm r,aq;orm;Bu;D vnf; S\
d ? wpfa,muf
aomolonf aq;q&mESihf ,lZemwpf&m uGma0;\? aq;q&mBu;D
ukd rjrifbl;ay? aq;q&mBuD;txHrS tqifhqifh ,laqmif
a&mufvmaom aq;ukad wGU& aumif;pGm rD0S jJ cif;aMumifh ElemBu;D
tukefaysmuf rdarG;wdkif; barG;wdkif; Sdav\/

tpodYk

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wpfa,mufaom olonfum; aq;q&mBuD;tdrfrSm wG,f

wm ae\? aq;ukdrlum; cg;onf eHonf[k raomufrrsdK?
aq;orm;BuD ; \ bk e f ; vmbf u k d r D S tpm;taomuf u k d o m
tm;xkwf\? temwdk;rIom Sd\? ElemBuD;aysmufNidrf;aom olom
vQif aq;q&mBuD;\ ynmpGrf; aq;\tpGrf;ukd udk,fawGU'd|
odjrif&aomol jzpf\? aq;q&mBuD;\ tdrfrSm wG,fwmrDSuyf
ae&aom olonfum; aq;q&mBu;D \ ynmpGr;f aq;\ tpGr;f ukd
udk,fawGU'd| odjrif&aom olr[kwf aq;q&mBuD;\ ynmpGrf;
aq;\tpGrf;ukd em;rSm Mum;odkHrQom Sd\? Oyrmtwdkif;
rSwfav/
xdkYaMumifh- jyqdkcJYNyD;aom aumovXme ckepfyg;wdkY
aumov tjzpfoYdk a&mufjcif;iSm aumif;pGm tm;xkw
f aeaom
olonf Ak'o&P*Hk "ro&P*Hk oHCmho&P*Hkukd wrifaqmuf
wnfz,
G f udpr Sd bk&m;oGm; zG,u
f pd rS?d xdt
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bk&m;wpfyg; ajymif;Edkif\? 'd|o&P*Hkorm;rlum; toufudk
taocHvQifom cHawmYrnf? pdwfapwemESifhwuG bk&m;wpfyg;
rajymif;EdkifNyD/
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------------

tpodYk

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t|rcef;
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t,ludk pGe
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hJ aYdk om Ak'b
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Edik rf S Ak'b
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'o0wKu uruwm orm'd|dPf pifMu,f y#dp
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okuw 'ku#meH urmeH zvH 0dygaum/ 5- twd t,H
avmaum/ 6- twd ya&m avmaum/ 7- twd rmwm/ 8twd ydwm/ 9- twd owm Moyygwdum/ 10- twd avmau
orP jAm[Pm or*w
m orm y#dyEm a, rO avmuH
y&O avmuH o,H tbdnm opduwGm ya0a'Ed/
(rZdryPmo ygVdawmf)

1/ ay;urf;usdK;Sd\/ 2/ vufOD; vufzsm; ay;vSL ylaZmfusdK;

Sd\/ 3/ tBuD;tus,f ay;vSLylaZmfusdK;Sd\/ 4/ okpkduf
q,fyg;\ aumif;usdK; 'kpdkufq,fyg;\ raumif;usdK;Sd\/
5/ vlUbHk avmuonfSd\/ 6/ vlUbHkrSwpfyg; ewfbHk
i&JbHkSd\/ 7/ trd aumif;pGm vkyfauR;arG;jrLjcif; jypfrSm;
vGefusL;jcif; aumif;usdK; raumif;usdK; Sd\/ 8/ tz
aumif;pGmvkyaf uR; arG;jrLjcif; jypfrmS ;vGeu
f sL;jcif; aumif;usK;d

tpodYk

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raumif;usKd; &Sd\/ 9/ avmuwpfyg;rS avmuwpfyg;okdY

ajymif;a&TU y#doaEpGJaeukefaom ow0gwkdYonf &Sdukef\/
10/ avmu tnDtGwjf zpfMuukeaf om aumif;pGm usiMhf u
ukeaf om avmuESihf wrvGeaf vmuukd uk,
d w
f idk 'f |d od
rsuaf rSmufjyK a[mMum;Muayukeaf om &[ef; ykPm ; bk&m;
yapuAk'g t&d,molawmfaumif;wkdYonf&Sdukef\/
um; 'o0wKu orm'd|dwnf;/

'o0wKu orm'd|u
d m; avmuDynm&Sd olawmfaumif;wkYd
odMu jrifMu ynwfajym a[mMuaom urmtkd; urmtpOfBuD;
wnf;/ / orm'd|d wnfvQifyif Ak'bmom0if qkd&NyD/
avmu rdpm'd|d[lorQwkdYukd y#dporkyg'f ynmonf y,f
azsmufEidk \
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l rQonf y#dpo
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olwYdk om jzpfEidk \
f ? ,cktcg y#dpo
rkyg 'fudk "mwfuaJG tmif "mwf
aygufatmif jrifEkdifaom ynmonf tvGefvkdvS\/
um; Ak'bmom0if tvwfwnf;/

qkdtyfcJhNyD;aom owaumovXme 0dyem orm'd|d

Pfukd &aom yk*Kdvfum;/
(Ak'bmom0if tBuD;wnf;/)

y&rw Ak'b
mom0if tppfum; opmav;yg; aygufa&muf
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l m;- aemufaemufb0wkYd vnf;
oAkAk'o&P*kH tNyD; NrJayaomaMumifhwnf;/

tpodYk

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Ak'bmom0if tvwf tBuD;wkdYum;- ,ck wpfb0om

pdwfcs&ukefonf/
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rcs&? ,aeY Ak'bmom eufjzefcg pmjzL0ifjzpfEkdifaomolwnf;/
y&rwf Ak'b
mom0ifrmS rlum; aovGe
f Ak'b
mom r&S&d m
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f &G,f pum;
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wkdifatmif bmomw&m; ajymif;jcif; r&SdNyD/
xkdYaMumifht|me arwH bdua 0 te0umaom ,H 'd|o
d raEm
yk*avm tnH owm&H O'dao,s[la[mawmfrlonf/
xko
d t
l m; edAm ef,o
l nfwidk af tmif oAk Ak'o
moemonf
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mom0if vuPm 0denf;rSm a[mawmfr\
l /
uka'g tm&m"aum a[mwd?
wka|m tem&m"aum/ / ygVdawmf /

tpodYk

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uka'g=trsufxGufrl? tm&m"aum=tm;&avmufonf?
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0if vuPmwnf;/
t|r jyemtajz NyD;\/
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tpodYk

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aom cEm tm,we "mwf y#dpo

rkyg 'f owdy|mef paomw&m;
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mom
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(xkwfjycJhjyD;aom owaumovXmeonf Ak'bmom tppfyifwnf;)

tpodYk

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- ,ckb0 bmomwpfyg;wkYd rvIyf acsmufcsm;Ekid af pjcif;iSg

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aywnf;/
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od t yf a om y#d p o rk y g 'f w &m;
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tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

186

yuwdrsufpdtMunfudk vTrf;rkd;tkyfzkH;aeaom wdrfovmBuD;

ESifhwl\? umr*kPfrIwkdYonf xkdwdrfovmBuD;ukd xlonfxuf
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tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

187

rGe;f wnf
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h xif&
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tcg yxraumov 0dZmudk&\ yxraumovXme
zHk;vTrf;aom t0dZm cGg&SJ\? <uif;aom aumovajcmufXme
wdkYvnf; 0dZmay:rI t0dZm cGg&SJrIudk jrifav/
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t<uif;rJh ukeq
f ;kH av\? t0dZm arSmif"mwfuek q
f ;kH onfEiS hf wpfNyKd if
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op m av;yg; tvif ; ayguf y H k
cEmig;yg;[laom 'kuo
pmudk ydik ;f jcm;odr?I t0dZm [laom
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tpodYk

Owryk&do'DyeD

188

csKyfNidrf;Mujcif; wnf;[laom eda&m"opmudk rsufarSmufxifxif

udk,fawGU'd|jrif&rI? 0dZmPfESifhwuG r*if&Spfyg; xif&Sm;ay:rI
av;csuf wpfNydKifeuf ayguf\? odumoHk;yg; ayguf\? aAm"d
yud, w&m;oHk;q,fhckepfyg; jynfhpHk\? ed,wo&P*Hkwnf\?
rm&fig;yg;udak tmifjrif\? a'0ykwr m&fewfom; aygif; wpfaomif;
wpfodef;yifvm zsufqD;aomfvnf; oDv? orm"d? ynm
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atmifNyD? rdpm'd|d q&maygif; wpfaomif; wpfodef;yifvm vIyf
acsmufcsm; aomfvnf; rwwfEdkifNyD/ /um; y#dporkyg'f t*Fg
wpfqJhESpfyg;wGif t0dZmudk jrifomatmif jycsufwnf;? t0dZm
csKyfvQifyif tvHk;pHkaomudp NyD;pD;jim;aomfvnf; txuft*FgwdkY
udkvnf; odomHkjyqdkOD;tHh/
t0dZm NyD;\/

2-ocF g &
ocFg& qdkonfum;
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ypKyefcEm zkH;vTrf;aom t0dZmaMumifh ypKyefcEmukd

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om,mjcif;vQif t&ifw&m;Sad om 'ge oDv tpSad om okpku
d f

tpodYk

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189

ocFg&w&m;pkjzpfymG ;onf/
t0dZm uif;aysmuf 0dZmPfaygufjyD;aom bk&m; &[Em
wkdYtm; yuwd vlwkdYxufyif xufoefaom vkHYvrI Om[rI
SdMuukefjim;aomfvnf; wpfpkHwpfckaom cEmukdom,mrIESifh
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dk v
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ajymqkdonfSdaomf rdpm'd|dt,lSdaom olwkdYonfvnf; oabm
usEidk u
f ek v
f wUH /
ocF g &jyD ; \/

3-0d n mPf
0dnmPfqkdonfum; -- aS;aS;b0wkYd jyKcahJ om ocFg&rI
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rsK;d aphuo
hJ Ydk y#doaE0n
d mPfudk aygufzmG ;apEkid af vmufaom oefrm
aom um,uHr?I 0pDurH ?I raemuHrw
I aYdk Mumifh ,ckb0wGif tppGm
jzpfay:aom y#doaE 0dnmPf y0wd0dnmPfudk 0dnmPfqkd
ownf;/ aS;uHaMumifh aemufb0 y#doaE 0dnmPfay:rIonf
um; tbdnmOfu&dk aom &aoh &[ef;? wefc;dk ynm Bu;D vSpmG aom
ewfodMum;wkdYonfom odjrifEkdifaomt&m jzpfacs onf? yuwd
aom avmuDvrl sm; Pform;wk\
Yd t&mr[kwNf y?D xku
d o
hJ Ydk aom
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b,fb0rS ajymif;vmcJhaom twjzpfonf[lvnf;aumif;?
aooGm; aomoludk ol\ twonf b,fuaH Mumifh b,fi&J

tpodYk

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okYd a&mufav\? b,fewfjynfoYdk a&mufav\ [lvnf;aumif;

okdYom odEkdifMuukefonf? jycJhNyD;aom 'd|dZkurorm'd|d q,f
yg;wGi-f twd avmau orP jAm[Pm or*wm orm
y#dyEm? a, r avmuH y& avmuH o,H
tbdnm opduwGm ya0a'Ed [laom aemufqkH; orm'd|donf ygSd\/
orm'd|d rSdukefaom vlrsKd;wkdYtm; y#doaEt&m
rdpm 'd|dcsnf;jzpf aeMuukef\? ,cktcg Oa&mywkduf tar&du
wkdufwkdYrSm orm'd|d rSdonfhtwGuf rdpm'd|d wkdufawGjzpf
aeMuukefNyD? xkdrdpm'd|dpk onfvnf; ,cktcgrS jzpfay:vmonf
r[kw?f avmu psmeftbdnmOfudk &Muaom &aoh &[ef;tEG,f
uG,yf aomtcg Moumu&mZfrif;rsm; vufxufqu
D yif ay:vm
aom rdpm'd|dpkaywnf;/
0o[m,kauok bdua0 rEkaok rdp'd|d
a0ykvH t*rmod-[l pu0wdokwf a[mawmfrlaomaMumifh vlwkdYtouf
wpf axmifwrf;qDuyif jzpfyGm;vmcJhaom rdpm'd|dpkaywnf;?
,cktcg Oa&mywkdufom; tar&duwkdufom; aq;orm;q&m
ynmSdwkdYonfvnf; xkdorm'd|d rSd&SmMuonfhtwGuf vufawGY
rsufjrifESifh rSefbDvl;ukd q&mjyK rdrdwkdY\ t&mr[kwfaom
y#doaEtcsufrsm;ukd ynwfwifxm;Muukef\? orm'd|d t,lSd

tpodYk

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191

Muukefaom vlrsKd;wkdYrSmrlum; rdrdwkdY Pfynm\ t&myif

r[kwfMuaomfvnf; bk&m;ryGifhrDuyif tpOfrysuf vmcJhaom
orm'd|denf;vrf; bk&m;yGifhawmfrlaomtcg xyfrHa[mawmfrl
aom orm'd|d enf;vrf;wku
Yd dk vufqyk v
f ufuidk jf yK ajzmifrh eS pf mG
,lEkdifMuayukef\/
'd|Zd u
k r orm'd|
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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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puKtMunf aomwtMunf CmetMunf Zd0SmtMunf
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d yfaom

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tpodYk

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bdua 0=&[ef;wd?Yk avmuork'a,m=vlow0g cEmig;yg;

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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wpfzef xko
d Eu\ tSio
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k nf;?
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<uif;aom ig;'Gg&wnf;[laom rD;&xm; HBk u;D ig;Hw
k rYkd mS vnf;
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'kp u
dk &f xm;q,fpif;? okpdu
k &f xm; q,fpif;? 'kp u
dk f &xm;pkum;

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tyg,fav;bHk wpfcGifvHk;udk tESHYoGm;\? okpdkuf &xm;pkum;

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oVm,weNyD;

6/ zt*Fg? 7/ a0'emt*Fg? 8/ wPSmt*Fg? 9/ Oyg'geft*Fg?

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o
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f
avmuzufu ydkrdkorQonf rdpm'd|d oum,'d|dwdkYcsnf;/
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aom t*FgoHk;yg;wnf;? wPSm Oyg'gef b0 t*FgoHk;yg;um;
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wHceG rf eS u
f if;aywnf;? xdAk mv wHceG pf w
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'd|Kyg'gef oDvAwkyg'gef tw0g'kyg'gef[l 4-yg;&Sd\/

0J B uD ; oE m ef - Oyg'gef
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hJ Qif oHo&mzufoo
Ydk m yg&avawmhonf/
umrk y g'gef N yD ; \/
----------------------

'd | Kyg'gef q k d o nf u m; ckdifjrJjcif;okdY a&mufaom 62yg;aom 'd|drsKd;? okH;yg;aom rdpm'd|dBuD;? ,ck umvSdaeMuaom
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onf 'd|Kyg'gefrnf\/

tpodYk

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oD v A w k y g'gef q k d o nf u m; EG m ;trl t &m acG ; trl

t&mwko
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------------------------

10-b0
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vnf;aumif; Oyywdb0rnf\/
b0NyD ; \/
-------------------------

11-Zmwd 12-Z&mr&P
Zmwd q d k o nf u m;
m;- aemufaemufb0wdkY cEmtopf
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Zmwd Z&m r&PNyD;\/

tpodYk

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y#d p o rk y g 'f cJ & mcuf q pf

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tpodYk

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t0d Z m ocF g &qd k o nf u m; 0dnmPfpaom ypKyef t*Fg

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Yk nf; t*Fg&Spyf g;

tpodYk

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&Sdaom cEmwpfck b0wpfckrS jzpfcJhonf? xdkb0vnf; xdkrS a&S;

t0dZm ocFg&&S
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avmu vlwu
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tpodYk

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ar;/ Z&m r&Ponf b,frS jzpfoenf;/

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ay:aygufvmonf qkdorQ Zmwdcsnf;rSwf/
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b0rS jzpfonf/
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aemufq;Hk orm'd|d Pfjzifh avmuD avmukw& m ynmSMd u;D wku

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ajz / wPSmrS jzpfonf/
ar;/ wPSmonf b,frSjzpfoenf;/
ajz/ a0'em SdaomaMumifhf jzpfonf/
( tcsufpkukdum; bmom0ifwpfyg;wkdYvnf; vkdufemEkdifukef&m\/)

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bmomcsi;f csi;f jiif;cef; ckecf ef;Bu;D wpfcyk ifwnf; Ak'b

mom
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tpodYk

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rsdK;csif;wlaomfvnf; ajrMoZmokdY vkdufjzpf&\? a&rI
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h w
dk nf;?
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tpodYk

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BuD;yGm;&\/ /rsufjrif/
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rsdK;aphESifh uH wl\/
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rdk;a&ESifh tvdrm wl\/
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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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y#dporkyg'f a'oemtwdkif; ajymrlum;-um,O y#dp azm|aAp OyZwd um,0dnmPH

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tpodYk

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rD;\teD;okdYa&muf A[d'rS oDwazm|AOwk uG,faysmuf

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tpodYk

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218

[if;vif;ESifh usifvnfae&aom ow0gtm; okc 'ku 6-'Gg&

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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tpodYk

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f kd pMumrif;pnf;pdraf ygif; pMumrif;b0aygif; wpfaomif;

tpodYk

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ru wpfodef;ru &Edkif\? xdkpMumrif; pnf;pdrfxuf BuD;us,f

aom ewfrif;b0aygif; wpfaomif;ru wpfodef;ru &Edkif\?
odMum;rif; pnf;pdrfaygif; wpfaomif;ru wpfodef;ru &Edkif\?
ewfrif; odMum;rif; csrf;omxuf tqtodef;ru csrf;omaom
r[mjA[mb0udkvnf; &Edkif\? r[murmBuD; &Spfurm touf
&Snfaom tmb&m jA[mrif; pnf;pdrfudkvnf; &Edkif\? 64urm touf&Snfaom okbudPfjA[mrif; r[murm ig;&m
touf&Snfaom a0[yKdvf jA[mrif; txufqHk;b0*frSm r[m
urmaygif; &Spfaomif;av;axmif touf&Snfaom tlyjA[m
tjzpfudkvnf; &Edkif\/
um; vl\b0 wpfBudrf&vQif &Edkifaom avmuDpD;yGm;
vrf;pkwnf;? &&Sad ompMumrif; pnf;pdru
f kd rpGeEYf ikd v
f Qif xdpk nf;pdru
f kd
rvTwEf ikd f onft
h wGuf pD;yGm;vrf;tukeyf su\
f ? xdak Mumifh vlb
Y 0udk
&aomol rnfonf pMumrif; pnf;pdrfudkaomfvnf; pGefYvTwfEdkif
&m\? avmuDpnf;pdru
f kd b0rsm;pGm urmrsm;pGm cHpv
H akd omolonf
avmuDpnf;pdrf twGuEf iS yhf if ,ckb0&&Sad om pnf;pdrcf sr;f omudk
pGev
Yf w
T Ef ikd &f m\? rpGev
Yf w
T Ef ikd cf v
hJ Qif jynfwefaom ywjrm;udk xrif;
wpfxyfpmESifh tqHk;wdkif a&mif;pm;onfESifhwl\? vlYb0rnfonf
rQavmuf tzdk;xdkufwefaom b0aywnf;? aAm"d 3-yg;wGif
wpfyg;yg;udk &vdak omolonfru
l m; om pGev
Yf w
T Ef ikd &f mownf;?
vlb
Y 0rnfonf todPf&adS om olwt
Ykd m; cyford ;f aom avmuD
avmukw&m csrf;omokc vdkwdkif;&Edkifaom b0ya'omyifBuD;
aywnf;/

tpodYk

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wom [d y@dawm aygaom?

orH tw rwaem/
b0ya'ouH v'g?
paZ,s uyPH okcH/
wom [d=xdaYk Mumifv
h Qi?f y@dawm=ynm&Sad om? aygaom=
a,mufsm;NyDoolonf? twaem=rdrd\? twH=jzpfxGef;&maom
aemifvm tusKd;pD;yGm;udk? orH=aumif;pGmMunfvif tSnfjrif
onfSdaomf? b0ya'ouH=b0rsm;pGm urmbmzkdY csrf;omokc
vkyw
f idk ;f &Ekid af om b0ya'omyifBu;D uk?d v'g=&aomtcg jzpf?
uyPH okc=H rsuaf wmifwpfcwf vQyw
f pfjyufE,
S f toufenf;yg;
temrsm;vsuf acgif;yg;vljY zpf ylcspf avmifqm AsmygayGyI f pnf;pdrf
Ekyfuav;rsm;ukd? paZ,s=pGefYvTwfEkdif&m\/
rEkw 'kvbNyD;\/
----------------------

2/ Ak'Kyg' 'kvb
bk&m;yGi&hf m omoemESihf MuKBH uKu
d cf o
hJ nf[&l m tb,fw&m;
twGuEf iS hf qkyd goenf;? vlcY sr;f om ewfcsr;f om jA[mch sr;f omukd
&&m &aMumif;jzpfaom 'gew&m; oDvw&m; bm0emw&m;rsm;
twGufESifhqkdygoavm? bk&m;omoemtppfjzpfaom aAm"dyu,
d w&m; 37-yg; twGuEf iS hf qkyd goavm? 'ge oDv bm0em
omrnrsm;onf urmhwefqm "rwmw&m;pkjzpfonf? bk&m;
ryGiahf om oknurmwkrYd mS vnf; vlewfjA[m urmESit
hf jynfh SMd u
onfyif? bk&m;ryGifh&m pMu0VmteEwkdYrSmvnf; vl ewf jA[m

tpodYk

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pMu0VmESifh tjynfhtjynfh SdMuonfyif? xkdvl ewf jA[m

wko
Yd nfvnf; tavhayguf r[kwMf u? 'ge oDv bm0emESihf jzpfMu
&onf? xkaYd Mumifh aAm"dyu,
d w&m; 37-yg;[laom bk&m;omoem
tppftwGufESifh qkdayonf[k odtyfonf? tcsKdU vlwkdYum; txkH
0goem yg&rDAZD jzpfMu&onfuydk if tm;&thcHh s;D tusK;d Bu;D jyKvyk
f
ajyma[mMuuke\
f ? aAm"dyud,
tESpt
f jrpfryg tumtayG;rQom
jzpfaom txkH0goem yg&rDADZ omrnrsm;onf omoemyokdY
a&mufaomtcg rdpm'd|d wpfcsufavmufNidvQifyif vGifhpif jy,f
aysmuf 0mEkom&D r[mykxZk eftaeESihf oHo&mhwap oHo&mh
ajrbkwf jrKwfjrJarsmjrJ wvJvJom jzpf&monf/
wom [d y@dawm aygaom? orH tw rwaem?
omoeH tEk,kaO,s? 'd|m aAm"d ya'ouH/
wom [d=xkad Mumifv
h Qi?f y@dawm=ynmSad om? aygaom=
a,mufsm;NyDoolonf? twaem=rdrd\? twH=aemiftavmif;
tvsm yg&rDnmOf tpOfajcjrpf tESpf&J&J tu,fjrJ oGm;&ef
tusKd ;uk?d or=H aumif;pGmajrmfjrifvsu?f aAm"dya' ouH=ok;H jzm
aAm"d 0d0"r vkdwkdif;&aom aAm"dya'omyifBuD;ukd? 'd|m=
awGUMuKH&? omoeH=oAnKjrwfpGm omoemtESpf tppf{uef
wu,frSefaom owdy|mef 4-yg; ory"mef 4-yg; 'dyg'f 4yg; a`E 5-yg; Akdvf 5-yg; aAmZif 7-yg; r*if 8--yg; [laom
aAm"dyud,w&m;rsm;ukd? tEk,kaO,s? tm;xkwf&mownf;/
Ak'Kyg''kvb NyD;\/

tpodYk

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3/ yAZdw 'kvb
yAZw
d onf ynmyAZw
d o'gyAZw
d b,myAZw
d / / aSU
ESpfyg;um; yg&rDSdrS jzpfonf? b,myAZdwqkdonfum; rif;ab;
oifh temab; oifh &efolab;oifh vlrIusyfvS vla&
rv,fvS &[ef;zuf toufarG;0rf;ausmif; vG,fvS jyKMu
aom&[ef;pkum; b,myAZdw csnf;wnf;? oAnKomoemrnf
onf ynmtvkyfwnf;? vljzpfap &[ef;jzpfap ynmSd&mrSm
omoemaeonf? jcaohFqDonf od*aTcGufrSmomaeouJhokdY
wnf;/
xifSm;apOD;tHh---oAnKbk&m; omoemrnfonf ewfyGJ
jA[myGJom wnf;? vlonf ewf jA[m wpfuka#rSm wpfa,muf
usrQrdS nfr[kw?f &[ef;onfvnf; vlwpfaomif;rSm wpfa,muf
usrQSdrnfr[kwf? om0wd jynfrSm vlt&d,maygif; uka#rsm;pGm
vmonf? om0wdjynfom; tuRwf&aom &[ef;wpfodef;rQ
xGufrnfr[kwf? xkYdaMumifh bk&m;omoem ynmyAZdw o'g
yAZdwrsm;ukd&nf yAZdw'kvb qkdonf[krSwf? ynmyAZdw
rsdK;um; todukdrJonf? o'gyAZdwrsdK;um; tusifhukd rJonf
b,myAZdwrsdK;um; qGrf; ouFef; ausmif; aq; ypnf;av;yg;
y&du&mrIukd *kpkdufrJonf/
ynmyAZdawm ynH? o'H o'g y&dAaZm/
b,myAZdawm vmbH? tEk,kOEd omoae/

tpodYk

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omoae=omoemawmf? ynm yAZdawm=ynmyAZdw

&[ef;rsdK;onf? ynH=wwfrI odrIudk? o'g y&dAaZm=o'gyAZdw
onf? o'H="kwifpaom o'grIukd? b,myAZdawm=b,myAZdw
&[ef;rsdK;onf? vmbH=ypnf;vmbf vmbrIudk? tEk,kOEd=rJMu
uke\
f /
jrifvQifodzdkY yAZdw vuPmokH;yg;
ynmyAZdawm ynH? o'H o'g y&dAaZm/
avmbmyAZdawm avmbH? arm[H arm[my&dAaZm/ /
ynmyA Z d a wm=ynmyA Z d w onf ? ynH = wwf r I o d r I u k d ?
o'gy&dAaZm=o'gyAZdwonf? o'H="kwifpaom o'grIukd?
avmbmyAZdawm=tpm;aumif; t0wfaumif; tdyf&mae&m
aumif; t&dyt
f 0goaumif;ESihf ae&onfukd om,maom avmb
jzifh &[ef;jyKaomolonf? avmbH=taumif;trGef twift
h w,f
tzG,t
f &m om,mrIu?dk arm[my&dAa Zm=omoe"r cufcv
J yS u
kH dk
rodbJ pGyfrd&mjzpfaeaom &[ef;onf? arm[H=tarhwavsmh
trSwfwrJhESifh aeYukefrIukd? tEk,kOEd=NrJMuukef\/
jrifvQifodzdkU yAZdw vuPmav;yg;/
yAZdw'kvb NyD;\/
-------------------

4/ o'gorwd 'kvb
1/ yom'o'g?
2/ Mouyeo'g?

3/ tm*ro'g?
4/ t"d*ro'g/ /

tpodYk

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1/ MunfndKxdkufaom*kPfudk Mum;& jrif&vQif MunfndK

wwfaom o'gonf yom'o'gwnf;? P0dy,
w
k f
o'grsdK;jzpf o'gcdkif r[kwf/
2/ wd yd aom oGmumawm oky#dyaEm *kPfrsm;ukd
jrif MunfndKaomo'gonf Mouye o'grnf\?
Por,w
k f o'grsKd ;jzpf ,ck wpfb0rQwiG f cdik \
f /
aovQif aysmuf\/
3/ ed,wAsm'dwfudk&NyD;aom tavmif;tvsmwdkY\ 'ge
oDvrIwYkd jzpfav&m&m tpOfygaeaom o'gonf
tm*ro'g rnf\/
4/ r*fPf zdv
k
f Pfu&kd rdrt
d Zwo
Emef edAm efudk
jrifNy;D aom t&d,mwd\
Yk o'gonf t"d*r o'grnf\/
av;yg;wGif yom' o'gorwrd Qonfyif tvGe&f cJ\? Ak'b
mom
xGef;um;&m EdkifiHrSmaeMuol vlrsdK;trsm;SdMu\?
yom'o'grQyif rjzpfvdkMu/
Mouye o'gESifh jynfYpkHaomolonf jrwfpGmbk&m;
wynfhom; tEG,ftqufrSefvQif tvZD 'kDv
wdkYyif tEG,fESifhpyf av;jrwfdkaoEdkif\/
tm*ro'gESihf jynfph aHk omolonf 'ge oDvrIEiS u
hf if;
raeEdkifNyD/

tpodYk
-

Owryk&do'DyeD

241

t"d*ro'gESihf jynfph aHk om olonf edAm ef&onfh b0

wdkifatmif o&P*HkokH;yg; edpoDvig;yg; okpdkuf
q,fyg; aAm"dyu,
d w&m; 37-yg; odum ok;H yg; tpOf
Nr
J oGm;\/

pum;&yfrmS rdr\
d tZwo
Emef edAm efukd jrifMuyHu
k m;0ufl;em Sdaomolonf ESvHk;ukd vHIUaqmfEdkifaom qdkif;oH 0kdif;oH
yGJBuD; vrf;BuD;ESifh awGUBuHKaomtcg 0ufl;emay:\? aemuftcg
aq;aumif; 0g;aumif; orm;aumif;ESiahf wGU tjrpft&if;ESiw
hf uG
uif;Sif;aysmufNidrf;av\? yGJBuD;vrf;BuD;ESifh awGUaomfvnf;
udpr SNd y?D xdt
k cg yGBJ u;D vrf;Bu;D ESihf awGUwdik ;f rdru
d ,
dk u
f dk trSw&f \?
igonf aS;tcg uJo
h aYdk om yGBJ u;D vrf;Bu;D ESihf awGUcJv
Y Qif ESv;kH rSm
b,fvdkjzpf vmonf? xdkaemuf vlrSef;rodjzpf oGm;onf
trSwf&\? ,ckrlum; vGwfNidrf;ayNyD[k tvGef0rf;ajrmuf\?
xdkyGJBuD;vrf;BuD; tv,frSm 0ufl;ay: aeSmMuaom olwpfyg;
wdkYudk jrif&jyefvQifvnf; igonfvnf; aS;tcg onfvdk jzpfvSNyD?
,ck vGwNf ird ;f ayNy[
D k 0rf;ajrmufjyef\? olwpfyg;wdYk wpfqifah jymukd
Mum;od&jyefvQiv
f nf; xdt
Yk wl 0uf;l em\ tjzpfoepfukd ajymqdk
oHMum;&vQifvnf; xdkYenf;twl/
twl avmu &m*jzpfymG ;zdYk tcGiphf k a'gojzpfymG ;zkYd tcGiphf k
rmejzpfymG ;zkYd tcGiphf k arm[ O'pj zpfymG ;zkYd tcGiphf o
k nf tjynfh \
dS ?
xdt
k cGiphf rk mS aS;tcg &m*ponf jzpfymG ;cJv
Y NS y?D t&d,m jzpfNy;D aom
tcg xdktcGifhpkESifh awGUBuHKaomfvnf; jzpfaeus&m* rjzpfvmNyD?

tpodYk

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jzpfaeusa'go rjzpfvmNy?D xdt

k cg oko
Yd \
d tcGihf rSm aS;tcg
&m*jzpfcJYvSNyD? ,ckjzpfrI Nidrf;ayNyD[k od\? a'gojzpfcGifh ponf
wdkYrSmvnf; enf; jrifav/
olwpfyg;wdkYrSm jzpf aeMuonfudk jrifaomtcgvnf;
aumif; Mum;&aom tcgvnf;aumif; xdkYtwl ighrSm tjzpfNidrf;
ayNyD[k od\? xdkokdYaom &m*rS a'gorS uRwfayNyD vGwfayNyD[k
od 0rf;ajrmuf\? 0ufl;emSdaeaom olwpfa,mufonf
0ufl;emay:aeaom ol wpfa,mufudk jrif&vQif Mum;&vQif
igvnf; onfov
l kd jzpf&tH?h ,aeY vm; eufjzefvm;[k ESv;kH aemuf
usKjcif; jzpfvm\? xdktwl ynmSdaom owdoHa0*ESifh,SOfaom
ykxZk efonf &m*twGuEf iS hf tSuw
f uGJ tusKd ;eJ aeaomoludk
jrifvQif Mum;vQif xd&k m*onf igvnf; Sad cs\? igvnf; xdo
k u
l o
YJ Ydk
jzpfrIrS ruRwfao;? rvGwfao;? rNidrf;ao;? ,aeYvm; eufjzef
vm;[k ESv;kH xdwv
f efjY cif;jzpf\? t&d,mjzpfNy;D ol xdt
k rIudk Mum;vQif
ig xdk&m* rSdNyD? xdkoluJYokdY jzpfrIrS uRwfayNyD? vGwfayNyD?
Nidrf;ayNyD[k rdrdtZwudk tmHkjyK 0rf;ajrmufjcif;jzpf\? um;
tZwoEmef jzpfcJYbl;aomtwdwf udavomukd tmHkjyKrIwpf
csuf xdu
k ad vomwd\
Yk tZwo
Emef Nird ;f rIudk tmHjk yKrw
I pfcsu-f
okokcH 0w ZD0gr? tmwka&ok temwk&m/
tmwka&ok rEkaok? 0d[&mr temwk&m/
("ry'ygVdawmf -43)

tpodYk

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243

udavom usief mrI rNird ;f olwu

Ykd kd jrif rdrt
d Zwo
Emef
udavom usifemrI Nidrf;onfukd 0rf;ajrmufaom *gxma'oem
wnf;? avmu rdrdoEmefrSm Sdaeaom ajr a& av rD; paom
"mwftpkwdkYudk rjrifrI t0dZmaMumifh ig[l pGJvrf;jcif;ESifhwuG
Z&mr&PrD;\ tpD;tyGm;wdu
Yk kd pdwaf &mud,
k yf g ylreS ;f rod at;rSe;f
rod ulvt
D vkyf ukeo
f nftvkyf rif;pk;d &mZmtvkyw
f u
Ykd kd tm;xkwf
vkyaf qmifaeMuaom ykyk G G wdu
Yk jkd rifMuaomtcg uJo
Y aYdk om
Amvkku ocFg&rS uRwf&ayNyD vGwf&ayNyD Nidrf;&ayNyD[k 0rf;
ajrmuf\? ykxkZefcsif;csif; jrif&vQif tm;us\/
Amvkku ocFg&[l&m AmvmeH Ok a umwd Amvk k a um
um/
AmvmeH=t0dZm arSmif"mwf tusyftwnf; zHk;ydwf
aeMuukeaf om tEyx
k Zk efw\
Ykd ? Okaum=aMumifMh upku
d rf w
I nf;?
wd=okdYaom taMumif;aMumifh? Amvkkaum=Amvkku
rnf\/
t0dZm ocFg& ESpyf g;wGif ocFg&udk qdo
k wnf;? wPSm Oyg'gef
b0okH;yg;wGif urb0rIudk Amvkku qdkonf? xdkokdYaom
AmvkkurIwdkYudk pdwfa&mukd,fyg &,fumNyHK;um vkyfaqmif
aeMuaom tEykxkZef NrdKUBuD; GmBuD; aps;BuD; emBuD; qdyfBuD;
urf;BuD; vrf;BuD; pcef;BuD;ponfwdkY qlqlnHnH vkvk,uf,uf
ajymqdk jyKvkyfaeMuaom tEykxkZefwdkYudk jrifaomtcg Mum;
aomtcgwdkY rdrdoEmefrSm t0dZmcsKyfNidrf;rI wPSmcsKyfNidrf;rI

tpodYk

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Amvku
k ocFg&csKyNf ird ;f rIudk jrif igonf okaYd om Amvku
k
'kur v
S w
G af yNy[
D k 0rf;ajrmuf\? ykxZk efcsi;f csi;f jrifMu Mum;MuvQif
tm;us\/
okokcH 0w ZD0gr? Okauok tEkkum/
Okauok rEkaok? 0d[&mr tEkkum/
("ry'ygVdawmf -43)

Amvkku ocFg&rI ESdyfpuf aeMuaom tEykxkZefwdkYudk

jrif rdrt
d Zwo
Emef t0dZm csKyNf ird ;f rI wPSmcsKyNf ird ;f rIukd jrif
0rf;ajrmuf aom *gxma'oem? vljzpfvsuf rsufpduef; em;uef;
tl; toGyf ponfudk jrifaomtcgvnf;aumif; tyg,fav;
bkH qif;&J'kucHae&aom ow0gwdkYudk jrif&aomtcgvnf;
aumif; owdoHa0* SdMuaomykxkZef ynmSdwdkYrSm igvnf;
udavomrsdK; uHrsdK; 0dygufrsdK; wef;vef; Sdacsao;onf?
,aeYvm; eufjzefvm; ighvrf; ighpcef;pkyif jzpfacsonf[k ESvHk;
xdwv
f efjY cif; jzpf\? t&d,mwdrYk mS igvGwaf yNy?D igNird ;f ayNy[
D k rdrd
tZwoEmef xdk0dygu'ku\ Nidrf;rIukd Ijrif 0rf;ajrmufjcif;
jzpf\? *dZuk#fawmifrSm NydwmawGudk jrif& tSifarm*vmef
0rf;ajrmufrIuJYokdYwnf;? um; rdrdtZwoEmef tem*wfjzpf
aom ,kwn
f v
hH pS mG aom 0dnmPf emrfyk f oVm,we z a0'em
wdkY\ csrf;Nidrf;rIukd Ijrif 0rf;ajrmufyHkwnf;/
Ak'K yg 'tcgrnfonf Z&mr&PrD; oum,'d|rd ;D tpSad om
terw* 0'kur ;D wd\
Yk Nird ;f rIwpfcu
k o
dk m rJ&rnft
Y cgwnf;? vljzpf
aom olonfvnf; vlUtrI vlUpnf;pdru
f kd pGev
Yf w
T
f t0dZm "mwfukd

tpodYk

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owfrI wpfckom tvkyfxm;&rnfhtcg jzpfonf? vlUpnf;pdrfrnf

onf terw* oHo&m "rwmwnf;? ,ckb0rS awGU&onf r[kw?f
aoa|;jzpfolvnf; aoa|;pnf;pdrfudk jyefMunfY&aomtcg
r[kw?f rif;jzpfov
l nf; ewfjzpfov
l nf; odMum;jzpfov
l nf; jA[m
jzpfolvnf; jA[mhpnf;pdrfukd trIpkdufae&onfhtcg r[kwf?
rif;pnf;pdrf? ewfpnf;pdrf? odMum;pnf;pdrf? jA[mhpnf;pdrfpkum;
oHo&mh"rwm udavomtpD;tyGm; Z&mr&P tpD;tyGm;pkom
wnf;? ,ckrS awGUzl;&onfr[kwf? rdrdESvHk;xJrSm &J&JawmufygSd
aeaom oum,'d|d t0Dpdi&JrD;ukd owfrIwpfckudkom vkyf&rnfh
tcgwnf;? tcgvGef oGm;vQif vkyfcGifhrSdNyD/
xdo
k jYdk zpfygvsuf &cJvpS mG BuKH BuKd ucf v
J pS mG aom Ak'K yg 'cP
ESpf tzd;k wef vtzd;k wef &uftzd;k wef em&Dtzd;k wef cPtzd;k wef
awGukd tvGecf
H tukecf
H wPSmOyg'gef qGiJ if&myg vdu
k pf m;
aoa|; pnf;pdrf rif;pnf;pdrf ewfpnf;pdrf odMum;pnf;pdrf jA[mh
pnf;pdrrf sm;ESihf aeYuek f &ufuek f vukef ESpu
f ek
f aeMuaom olwu
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246

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