Presented by: HOSSAIN SAIB M.

Jameel

HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE

WHAT IS HYDROPOWER?

Hydropower, hydraulic power, or water power is power that is derived from the force or energy of moving water.

HYDROPOWER PLANT SCALES

Large-hydro
y y y y y

More than 100 MW feeding into a large electricity grid 15 - 100 MW usually feeding a grid 1 - 15 MW - usually feeding into a grid Above 100 kW, but below 1 MW Either stand alone schemes or more often feeding into the grid From 5kW up to 100 kW Usually provided power for a small community or rural industry in remote areas away from the grid. From a few hundred watts up to 5kW Remote areas away from the grid.

Medium-hydro Small-hydro Mini-hydro Micro-hydro

y y

Pico-hydro
y y

CONDITIONS

Head
y y

Water must fall from a higher elevation to a lower one to release its stored energy. The difference between these elevations (the water levels in the forebay and the tailbay) is called ead high-head (800 or more feet) medium-head (100 to 800 feet) low-head (less than 100 feet)

Dams: three categories

y y y

TYPES OF HYDROELECTRIC INSTALLATION

TYPES OF SYSTEMS
Dam Hydro Diversion or run-of-river systems Pumped Storage Osmotic power VIVACE: (Vortex Induced Vibration Aquatic Clean Energy) Renewable energy from slow water currents Hydrokinetics

HYDROELECTRIC DAM

Potential Energy

Electrical Energy Electricity

Kinetic Energy

Mechanical Energy

THREE GEORGES DAM (CHINA)

Largest dam Maximum generation: 18 200 MW

DIVERSION (RUN-OF-RIVER) HYDROPOWER

Source: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/hydro_plant_types.html

PUMP STORAGE HYDROPOWER

y y y y y y

Use for load balancing High electric demand water is release through turbine Largest grid energy storage available Two way flow Pumped up to a storage reservoir and returned to a lower elevation for power generation Reversible turbine/generator asemblies act as pump and turbine. (Francis turbine)

PUMPED STORAGE SCHEMATIC

PUMPED STORAGE SYSTEM

OSMOTIC POWER

Fresh water and salt water Can be set anywhere where there is run off in ocean Semi permeable membrane Increase in Pressure The salt water flows through a pipe and turn a turbine

Source:nextgenlog.blogspot.com

VIVACE

Use vortices to move a cylinder up and down Converts the horizontal hydrokinetic energy of currents into cylinder mechanical energy.

Source: vortex hydro energy

Source: vortex hydro energy

HOW IT WORKS

Source : www.designrevolution.org

Source: vortex hydro energy

HYDRO IN MAURITIUS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

There are currently 8 hydro stations in Mauritius which are operational and are found at: Reduit Champagne Ferney Le Val Tamarin Falls La Ferme Cascade Cecile Magenta

LA NICOLIERE HYDRO
Generate 2 Gwh electricity annually Total investment cost Rs 64.4 million Emission reduction about:1900 t CO2e/yr

The average production of electricity for all 8 hydro power plant is about 100 million KWh and supply about 3.5% of the electricity production

The CEB produces around 40% of the country's total power requirements from its 4 thermal power stations and 8 hydroelectric plants; the remaining 60% being purchased from Independent Power Producers. Mauritius has an production capacity of 2.35 billion kWh and annual consumption of 2.07 billion kWh. The CEB is operating at full capacity.

WORLD ENERGY GENERATION

Global electricity generation is expected to continue to increase in the years to come. In 2008, 19.53 Trillion KWh of electricity was generated. Worldwide electricity generation is expected to increase to 20.26 Trillion KWh in 2009 and further to 21.0 Trillion KWh in 2010. Hydropower supplies about 20% of the world electricity.

WORLD RENEWABLE ENERGY

There are 541 registered hydropower CDM projects. It equal to the largest proportion of the CDM projects. It is expected to generate more than 47 million tonnes of CO2 emission reduction/yr until 2012.

HYDROPOWER PROS AND CONS

Positive
Emissions-free, with virtually no CO2, NOX, SOX, hydrocarbons, or particulates Renewable resource with high conversion efficiency to electricity (80+%) Dispatchable with storage capacity

Negative
Frequently involves impoundment of large amounts of water with loss of habitat due to land inundation Variable output dependent on rainfall and snowfall Impacts on river flows and aquatic ecology, including fish migration and oxygen depletion Social impacts of displacing indigenous people Health impacts in developing countries 24 High initial capital costs Long lead time in construction of large projects

Usable for base load, peaking and pumped storage applications Scalable from 10 KW to 20,000 MW Low operating and maintenance costs Long lifetimes

TURDINES

Source:"Water Turbine," Wikipedia.com

REFERENCES http://www.sustainablehydropower.org/ http://www.hydropower.org http://ceb.intnet.mu/ceb/CorporateInfo/ar2007 : www.designrevolution.org : www.vortexhydro.com