Project Report on Accounts Management System of NIT Srinagar

Submitted To

Department of Information Technology, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Information Technology

Submitted By:

Ajay Singh (01/07) Anil Mulan (34/07) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Under The Guidance Of: Assistant Professor. Mohammad Ahsan Chishti Department of Computer Science & Engineering

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOLY HAZRATBAL, SRINAGAR- 190006 (J&K)

STUDENT DECLARATION/CERTIFICATE

I Ajay Singh , I Anil Mulan students of Bachelor of Engineering in Information Technology discipline, National Institute of Technology Srinagar (J&K), here by declare that the work presented in this project entitled Accounts Management System is bonafide and correct to the best of our knowledge and this work has been carried out taking care of Engineering Ethics in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of B.Tech. in Information Technology degree in the session 2011, is an authentic record of our own work carried out under the supervision of Ahsan Chishti, Asst. prof. Department of Computer Science & Engg, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar. The work presented does not infringe any patented work and has not been submitted to any other university or anywhere else for the award of any degree or any professional diploma.

Dated__________

Ajay Singh (01/07) Anil Mulan (34/07)

This is to certify that the above statements made by the candidates are correct to the best of my knowledge.

(Project Guide) Ahsan Chishti Assistant Professor (CSE) N.I.T, Srinagar

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SRINAGAR

CERTIFICATE
It is certify that Ajay Singh (01/07), Anil Mulan (34/07), have successfully completed the project on Accounts Management System during their period of study in the department in 7th and 8th semester under my supervision in partial fulfillment to the reward of B.Tech. Degree in Information Technology and the work under above mentioned quote has not been submitted elsewhere simultaneously or earlier for the reward of the said degree. Ajay Singh and Anil Mulan has fulfilled all the requirements as per status of NIT for the submission of this report under my guidance and supervision.

Date__________

(Project Guide) Mohammad Ahsan Chishti Assistant professor (CSE) NIT Srinagar

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SRINAGAR

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Major projects indeed one of the most important aspects for all those students pursuing B.Tech in all the way adding up to our practical knowledge and handling difficulties to make way out of it. We take the opportunity to express our sincere gratitude and deep sense of indebtedness to our guide Asst. Prof. Mohammad Ahsan Chishti for the valuable guidance and inspiration throughout the project duration. We are grateful to him for his innovative ideas, which led to the successful completion of this project. We are very fortunate to work under such an outstanding mentor in the field of Accounts Management System. He has always welcomed our problems and cleared our doubts. We will always be grateful to him for providing us the moral support and sufficient time. We take immense pleasure in thanking Dr. Roohie Naaz, Head of Deptt. Information Technology for having permitted us to carry out this project work.

Ajay Singh Enroll: 01/07 8th Semester Information Tech. Deptt. NIT Srinagar.

Anil Mulan Enroll: 34/07 8th Semester Information Tech. Deptt. NIT Srinagar.

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ABSTRACT
As the name specifies Accounts Management System is a web enabled system designed to manage the Salary of the Employees of NIT Srinagar. There is a lot of strain on the person who are running the Accounts Management. This particular project deals with the problems on managing Accounts and avoids the problems which occur when carried manually. Identification of the drawbacks of the existing system leads to the designing of web enabled system. The system which is more user friendly and more GUI oriented. We can improve the efficiency of the system, thus overcome the drawbacks of the existing system. Less Human error Strength and strain of manual labour can be reduced Data redundancy can be avoided to some extent Easy to handle Easy data updating Easy record keeping

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STUDENTS DECLARATION...... CERTIFICATE.. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. ABSTRACT... LIST OF FIGURES...................... LIST OF TABLES. CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview 1.2 User Panel 1.2.1 User Login... 1.2.1.1 Home.. 1.2.1.2 Registration Form....... 1.3 Admin Panel. 1.3.1 Admin Login... 1.3.1.1 Home.. 1.3.1.1.1 Add new Employee Details to the Records... 1.3.1.1.2 Retrieve the details of Employees.. 1.3.1.1.3 Edit and Modify the Details... 1.4 Features of Accounts Management System. CHAPTER 2 Literature Survey... 2.1 Historical usage of RDBMS... 2.2 Popularity of PHP.. 2.3 Considering Various of PHP.. 2.4 PHP for Database Applications.. 2.5 Previous versions of PHP... 2.6 History of SQL (A Research Project Conducted by IBM) CHAPTER 3 Problem Defination. 3.1 Problem Defination CHAPTER 4 SDLC & Waterfall Model.. 4.1 Software Development Life Cycle. 4.1.1 The need for a software life cycle model.. 4.1.1.1 Different software life cycle models 4.2 Waterfall model & Phases of the waterfall model. 4.3 Activities in each phase of the life cycle 4.3.1 Activities undertaken during feasibility study. 4.3.2 Activities undertaken during analysis & specification. 4.3.2.1 System Analysis... 4.3.2.1.1 Existing System.. 4.3.3 Activities undertaken during system design. 4.3.3.1 Input Design. 4.3.3.2 Process Design. 4.3.4 Activities undertaken during Database Design 4.3.5 Activities undertaken during System Testing.. CHAPTER 5 Requirements. 5.1 Hardware Requirements. 5.2 Software Requirements..
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i ii iii iv x ix 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 10 11 12 13 13 14 14 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 18 19 21 22 23 23

5.2.1 Xampp... 5.2.2.1 Obtaining and Installing XAMPP 5.2.2.2 PHP Hellow World.. 5.2.2.3 Creating a Database and Table, and Inserting Data. 5.2.2 phpMyAdmin CHAPTER 6 PHP, MYSQL, JAVA SCRIPT, DBMS.. 6.1 PHP. 6.1.1 Advantages of Using PHP with MySQL... 6.1.2 Speed optimization 6.1.3 Security.. 6.1.1.1 Syntax... 6.1.1.1.1 Data types 6.1.1.1.2 Functions. 6.1.1.1.3 Resources 6.2 MYSQL.. 6.2.1 Database Tables. 6.2.1.1 Queries. 6.2.1.2 Creating a connection with database 6.2.1.3 Closing a connection 6.2.1.1.1 Create a Database 6.2.1.1.2 Create a Table.. 6.2.2 MySql Functions... 6.2.3 Request & Response Working.. 6.2.4 Apache Web Server... 6.3 JAVA SCRIPT... 6.3.1 Java Script is Case Sensitive. 6.3.1.1 White Space.. 6.3.1.2 Break up a Code... 6.3.2 Java Script and HTML.. 6.3.2.1 Syntax... 6.3.3 Java Script Functions... 6.4 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CHAPTER 7 SNAPSHOTS.. Account management system of NIT Srinagar Administrator Login & Settings.. Updating an Employee. Salary through bank. Employee salary info of an employee of a particular month... Abstract Salary bill of Teaching staff.. CHAPTER 8 IMPLEMENTATION.. 8.1 IMPLEMENTATION 8.1.1 User Training. 8.1.2 Security and Maintenance.

23 24 25 26 27 31 32 33 33 34 34 35 36 36 37 37 37 37 38 39 39 39 40 41 41 42 42 42 42 43 44 47 49 50 51 52 52 52 53 54 55 55 56

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CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSION.. 57 9.1 CONCLUSION. 58 REFRENCES 59

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 4.1 Model Of Software development life cycle. Figure 4.2 Waterfall Model... Figure 5.1 Installing Xampp for Windows. Figure 5.2 Xampp Splash Screen... Figure 5.3 Resulting output of PHP file Figure 5.4 phpMyAdmin Start Page.. Figure 5.5 Creating a new table in the database. Figure 6.1Working of PHP interpreter, MySQL, and the web server... Figure 7.1 Account management system of NIT Srinagar. Figure 7.2 Administrator Login. Figure 7.3 Settings for Future use.. Figure 7.4 Updating an Employee.. Figure 7.5 Salary through bank.. Figure 7.6 Employee salary info of an employee of a particular month Figure 7.7 Abstract Salary bill of Teaching staff...

13 15 24 25 26 27 29 40 50 50 51 51 52 52 53

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1 Employee account creation..... Table 4.2 Administrator Login... Table 5.1 Table summary for the colleague table.. Table 5.2 Fictional data for the colleague table.. Table 6.1 Creating and Working with Objects... Table 6.2 A table in a database...

20 21 30 30 43 48

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Accounts Management System

1.INTRODUCTION

Accounts Management System

1.1. Overview
Campus Account Management System is a web enabled system designed to manage the Salary of the Employees of an Institution. Campus Management System is a simple yet powerful one joint integrated platform that manage the entire Operations of the Salary of the Employees of an Institution. It enables the users to store, modify, manipulate and retrieve information using the pull down menus of the Employees of an Institution. The Campus Account Management System is also a utilitarian tool which enables the user to access their details/summary of the salary of any month using their Username and Password.

1.2 User Panel 1.2.1 User Login 1.2.1.1 Home

1. This consist a pop-up menu for users. 2. It contain a link to the NIT official web-site. 3. It allows the different users to access the registration forms. 4. User can view their own salary details of a particular month or from a particular month to particular month.

1.2.1.2 Registration Form

This section provides an form to the Employees which can be filled by them and a copy of the filled page can be taken in the printed form. This is later submitted to the Account authorities which can be verified by them before alotting them unique Employee number.

1.3. Admin Panel 1.3.1 Administrator Login 1.3.1.1 Home

The Administrator can: 1. Add new Employee Details to the Records. 2. Add and Retrieve the details of every month. 3. Control the status of the Salary of Employees. 4. Edit the details of the Employees & modify the Employees records.

Accounts Management System

1.3.1.1.1 Add new Employee Details to the Records

This section is for the administrator. He can add the details of every employee of the Institution.The details will saved in the database of every employee. Administrator does not need to add the details in every month.

1.3.1.1.2 Retrieve the details of Employees

This section is used for retrieving the data of particular employee or from particular employee no to particular employee number. This section is also is used for making the statements of every month (salary through bank) and Abstract salary bill of all employees of every month. Administrator can Print all these statements using Print Button on the screen.

1.3.1.1.3 Edit and Modify the Details

This section is used for modify the details of employees. For example if designation of the employee change then it also need to change in database also and if percentage of TA, DA will change then administrator can modify the details in settings.

1.4. Features of Accounts Management System

User friendly Browser based Calender of Events Necessary security is provided against unauthorized access Exporting important reports to pdf.

Accounts Management System

2. LITERATURE SURVEY

Accounts Management System

2.1 Historical usage of the RDBMS

E. F. Codd introduced the term in his seminal paper "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks", published in 1970. In this paper and later papers he defined what he meant by relational. One well-known definition of what constitutes a relational database system is Codd's 12 rules. However, many of the early implementations of the relational model did not conform to all of Codd's rules, so the term gradually came to describe a broader class of database systems. At a minimum, these systems:

presented the data to the user as relations (a presentation in tabular form, i.e. as a collection of tables with each table consisting of a set of rows and columns, can satisfy this property)

provided relational operators to manipulate the data in tabular form

The first systems that were relatively faithful implementations of the relational model were from the University of Michigan; Micro DBMS (1969) and from IBM UK Scientific Centre at Peterlee; IS1 (197072) and its followon PRTV (197379). The first system sold as an RDBMS was Multics Relational Data Store, first sold in 1978. Others have been Berkeley Ingres QUEL and IBM BS12. The most popular definition of an RDBMS is a product that presents a view of data as a collection of rows and columns, even if it is not based strictly upon relational theory. By this definition, RDBMS products typically implement some but not all of Codd's 12 rules.[1] A second, theory-based school of thought argues that if a database does not implement all of Codd's rules (or the current understanding on the relational model, as expressed by Christopher J Date, Hugh Darwen and others), it is not relational. This view, shared by many theorists and other strict adherents to Codd's principles, would disqualify most DBMSs as not relational. For clarification, they often refer to some RDBMSs as Truly-Relational Database Management Systems (TRDBMS), naming others Pseudo-Relational Database Management Systems (PRDBMS).

Accounts Management System As of 2009, all commercial relational DBMSes employ SQL as their query language. Alternative query languages have been proposed and implemented, notably the pre-1996 implementation of Berkeley Ingres QUEL. With standardization of the SQL, both commercial and open source DBMSes have adopted some degree of standards compliance.

2.2 popularity of PHP continues to grow rapidly because of its many advantages: Its fast: On Web sites, because it is embedded in HTML code, the time to process and load a
Web page is short.

Its free: PHP is proof that free lunches do exist and that you can get more than you paid for. Its easy to use: The syntax is simple and easy to understand and use, even for nonprogrammers. For use in Web sites, PHP code is designed to be included easily in an HTML file.

Its versatile: PHP runs on a wide variety of operating systems Windows, Linux, Mac OS,
and most varieties of Unix.

Technical support is widely available: You can join one of several e-mail discussion
lists offered on the PHP Web site (www.php.net), which cover topics such as general PHP, PHP on Windows, or databases and PHP. In addition, a Web interface to the discussion lists is available at news.php.net, where you can browse or search the messages.

Its secure: As long as your scripts are designed correctly, the user does not see the PHP code. Its customizable: The open source license allows programmers to modify the PHP software,
adding or modifying features as needed to fit their own environments. PHP provides significant control over the environment, reducing chances of failure.

2.3 Considering the Various Uses for PHP

PHP is a general-purpose language that can be used to write general-purpose scripts. Scripts are computer files containing instructions in the PHP language that tell the computer to do things, such as display Hello on the screen or store some specified data in a database. Most scripts contain a series of instructions that can accomplish tasks from designing Web pages to navigating your file system. Because PHP began life on the Web, it has many features that are particularly well suited for use in scripts that create dynamic Web pages. Currently, you find PHP most often hard at work in Web pages, but its use for other purposes is growing. PHP is very popular for Web sites. According to the PHP Web site (www.php.net/usage.php), over 11
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Accounts Management System million domains are using PHP. Yahoo!, which is probably the worlds most visited site, recently decided to change from its own proprietary language to PHP.[2] PHP has many features designed specifically for use in Web sites, including the following:

Interact with HTML forms: PHP can display an HTML form and process the information
that the user types in.

Communicate with databases: PHP can interact with databases to store information from
the user or retrieve information that is displayed to the user.

Generate secure Web pages: PHP allows the developer to create secure Web pages that
require users to enter a valid username and password before seeing the Web page content. PHP features make these and many other Web page tasks easy. PHP is only server-side, meaning it cant interact directly with the users computer. That means PHP cant initiate actions based on the status of the users computer, such as mouse actions or screen size. Therefore, PHP alone cant produce some popular effects, such as navigation menus that drop down or change color. On the other hand, JavaScript, a client-side scripting language, cant access the server, limiting its possibilities. For example, you cant use JavaScript to store data on the server or retrieve data from the server. But wait! You dont have to choose. You can use JavaScript and PHP together to produce Web pages that neither can produce alone.[2]

2.4 PHP for database applications

PHP is particularly strong in its ability to interact with databases. PHP supports pretty much every database youve ever heard of and some you havent. PHP handles connecting to the database and communicating with it, so you dont need to know the technical details for connecting to a database or for exchanging messages with it. You tell PHP the name of the database and where it is, and PHP handles the details. It connects to the database, passes your instructions to the database, and returns the database response to you. Major databases currently supported by PHP include the following: dBASE Informix Ingres Microsoft SQL Server MySQL
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Accounts Management System Oracle PostgreSQL Sybase

PHP supports other databases as well, such as filePro, FrontBase, and InterBase. In addition, PHP supports ODBC (Open Database Connectivity), a standard that allows you to communicate with even more databases, such as Access and IBM DB2. PHP works well for a database-driven Web site. PHP scripts in the Web site can store data in and retrieve data from any supported database. PHP also can interact with supported databases outside a Web environment. Database use is one of PHPs best features.[2]

2.5 Previous versions of PHP

You should be aware of some significant changes in previous PHP versions because existing scripts that work fine on earlier versions may have problems when theyre run on a later version, and vice versa. The following are some changes you should be aware of:

Version 4.3.1: Fixed a security problem in 4.3.0. Its not wise to continue to run a Web site
using versions 4.3.0 or earlier.

Version 4.3.0: Included significant improvements to the CLI version of PHP, which is now
built by default when you compile PHP from source code . You must disable its build with installation options if you dont want it to be built.

Version 4.2.0: Changed the default setting for register_globals to Off. Scripts running under
previous versions may depend on register_ globals being set to On and may stop running with the new setting. Its best to change the coding of the script so that it runs withregister_globals set to Off.[2]

2.6 History of SQL (A Research Project Conducted by IBM)

The origins of the SQL language date back to a research project conducted by IBM at their research laboratories in San Jose, California in the early 1970s. The aim of the project was to develop an experimental RDBMS which would eventually lead to a marketable product. At that time, there was a lot of interest in the relational model for databases at the academic level, in conferences and seminars. IBM, which already had a large share of the commercial database market with hierarchical and network model DBMSs, realised quite quickly that the
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relational model would figure

Accounts Management System prominently in future database products. The project at IBM's San Jose labs was started in 1974 and was named System R. A language called Sequel (for Structured English QUEry Language) was chosen as the relational database language for System R. In the project, Sequel was abbreviated to SQL. This is the reason why SQL is still generally pronounced as see-quel. In the first phase of the System R project, researchers concentrated on developing a basic version of the RDBMS. The main aim at this stage was to verify that the theories of the relational model could be translated into a working, commercially viable product. This first phase was successfully completed by the end of 1975, and resulted in a rudimentary, single-user DBMS based on the relational model. The subsequent phases of System R concentrated on further developing the DBMS from the first phase. Additional features were added, multi-user capability was implemented, and by 1978, a completed RDBMS was ready for user evaluation. The System R project was finally completed in 1979. During this time, the SQL language was modified and added to as the needs of the System R DBMS dictated. During the development of System R and SQL/DS, other companies were also at work creating their own relational database management systems. Some of them, Oracle being a prime example, even implemented SQL as the relational database language for their DBMSs concurrently with IBM. Today, the SQL language has gained ANSI (American National Standards Institute) and ISO (International Standards Organization) certification. A version of SQL is available for almost any hardware platform from CRAY supercomputers to IBM PC microcomputers. In recent years, there has been a marked trend for software manufacturers to move away from proprietary database languages and settle on the SQL standard. The microcomputer platform especially has seen a proliferation of previously proprietary packages that have implemented SQL functionality. Even spreadsheet and word processing packages have added options which allow data to be sent to and retrieved from SQL based databases via a Local Area or a Wide Area network connection.[3]

Accounts Management System

3.PROBLEM DEFINITION

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Accounts Management System

3.1 Problem Statement

We have various teaching departments(IT,CSE,ECE etc.) in our Institute. Some of the departments are Non Teaching Departments. All the departments consists more than 500 Employees. Salary Management of all these employees are done manually. Thus there are a lot of repetitions which can be easily avoided. And hence there is a lot of strain on the person who manage the salary of all the departments and softwares are not usually used in this context.This particular project deals with the problems on managing Salary of the Employees of various departments either it is Teaching or Non Teaching and avoids the problems which occur when carried manually. Identification of the drawbacks of the existing system leads to the designing of computerized system that will be compatible to the existing system with the system which is more user friendly and more GUI oriented. We can improve the efficiency of the system, thus overcome the drawbacks of the existing system.

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4. SDLC WATERFALL MODEL

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Accounts Management System 4.1 Software development Life Cycle (SDLC) A software life cycle model (also called process model) is a descriptive and diagrammatic representation of the software life cycle. A life cycle model represents all the activities required to make a software product transit through its life cycle phases. It also captures the order in which these activities are to be undertaken. In other words, a life cycle model maps the different activities performed on a software product from its inception to retirement. Different life cycle models may map the basic development de activities to phases in different ways. Thus, no matter which life cycle model is followed, the basic activities are included in all life cycle models though the activities may be carried out in different orders in different life cycle models. During any life cycle phase, more than one activity During may also be carried out. For example, the design phase might consist of the structured analysis activity followed by the structured design activity.[1] activit

Figure 4.1 Model Of Software development life cycle

4.1.1 The need for a software life cycle model

The development team must identify a suitable life cycle model for the particular project and then adhere to it. Without using of a particular life cycle model the development of a software product would not be in a systematic and disciplined manner. When a software product t
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Accounts Management System is being developed by a team there must be a clear understanding among team members about when and what to do. Otherwise it would lead to chaos and project failure. This problem can be illustrated by using an example. Suppose a software development problem is divided into several parts and the parts are assigned to the team members. From then on, suppose the team members are allowed the freedom to develop the parts assigned to them in whatever way they like. It is possible that one member might start writing the code for his part, another might decide to prepare the test documents first, and some other engineer might begin with the design phase of the parts assigned to him. This would be one of the perfect recipes for project failure.[1]

4.1.1.1 Different software life cycle models

Many life cycle models have been proposed so far. Each of them has some advantages as well as some disadvantages. A few important and commonly used life cycle models are as follows: Waterfall Model Prototyping Model Evolutionary Model Spiral Model

4.2 Waterfall model & Phases of the waterfall model

The waterfall model is intuitively the most obvious way to develop software. Though the waterfall model is elegant and intuitively obvious, it is not a practical model in the sense that it can not be used in actual software development projects. Thus, this model can be considered to be a theoretical way of developing software. But all other life cycle models are essentially derived from the classical waterfall model. So, in order to be able to appreciate other life cycle models it is necessary to learn the classical waterfall model.[1]

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Accounts Management System waterfall model divides the life cycle into the following phases as shown in fig.2.1: Feasibility Study Requirements Analysis and Specification Design Coding and Unit Testing Integration and System Testing Maintenance

Figure 4.2 Waterfall Model

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Accounts Management System

4.3 Activities in each phase of the life cycle 4.3.1 Activities undertaken during feasibility study: The main aim of feasibility study is to determine whether it would be financially and technically feasible to develop the product. At first project managers or team leaders try to have a rough understanding of what is required to be done by visiting the client side. They study different input data to the system and output data to be produced by the system. They study what kind of processing is needed to be done on these data and they look at the various constraints on the behavior of the system. After they have an overall understanding of the problem they investigate the different solutions that are possible. Then they examine each of the solutions in terms of what kind of resources required, what would be the cost of development and what would be the development time for each solution. Based on this analysis they pick the best solution and determine whether the solution is feasible financially and technically. They check whether the customer budget would meet the cost of the product and whether they have sufficient technical expertise in the area of development.

4.3.2

Activities

undertaken

during

requirements

analysis

and

specification: The aim of the requirements analysis and specification phase is to understand the exact requirements of the customer and to document them properly. This phase consists of two distinct activities, namely Requirements gathering and analysis, and

Requirements specification 4.3.2.1 System Analysis 4.3.2.1.1 Existing System

For the past few years the number of educational institutions are increasing rapidly. Thereby the number of Employees are also increasing for the students studying in this institution. And
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Accounts Management System hence there is a lot of strain on the person who are managing the Salary and softwares are not usually used in this context. This particular project deals with the problems on managing Salary and avoids the problems which occur when carried manually. Identification of the drawbacks of the existing system leads to the designing of web enabled system which is more user friendly and more GUI oriented. We can improve the efficiency of the system, thus overcome the following drawbacks of the existing system. More human error More strength and strain of manual labour needed Repetition of the same procedures Low Security Data redundancy Difficult to handle difficult to update data record keeping is difficult Backup data cannot be easily generate

4.3.3 Activities undertaken during System design: 4.3.3.1 Input Design

The Administrator can: 1. Add new Employee Details to the Records. 2. Add and Retrieve the details of every month. 3. Control the status of the Salary of Employees. 4. Edit the details of the Employees & modify the Employees records. A process of converting user originated inputs to a computer-based format. Input design is an important part of development process since inaccurate input data are the most common cause of errors in data processing. Erroneous entries can be controlled by input design. It consists of developing specifications and procedures for entering data into a system and must be in simple format. The goal of input data design is to make data entry as easy, logical and free from errors as possible.

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Accounts Management System

4.3.3.2 Process Design

Process design plays an important role in project development. In order to understand the working procedure, process design is necessary. Data Flow Diagram and System Flow chart are the tools used for process design. System Flow Chart is a graphical representation of the system showing the overall flow of control in processing at the job level; specifies what activities must be done to convert from a physical to logical model. Data Flow Diagram is the logical representation of the data flow of the project. The DFD is drawn using various symbols. It has a source and a destination. The process is represented using circles and source and destination are represented using squares. The data flow is represented using arrows. One reader can easily get the idea about the project through Data Flow Diagram.

4.3.4.1 SYMBOLS USED IN DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

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4.3.4.2 Data Flow Diagram 4.3.4.2.1 Employee Module

4.3.4.2.2 Administrator Module

4.3.4 Activities undertaken during Database Design

The data in the system has to be stored and retrieved from database. Designing the database is partof system design. Data elements and data structures to be stored have been identified at analysis stage.They are structured and put together to design the data storage and retrieval system.

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Accounts Management System A database is a collection of interrelated data stored with minimum redundancy to serve many users quickly and efficiently. The general objective is to make database access easy, quick, inexpensive and flexible for the user. Relationships are established between the data items and unnecessary data items are removed. Normalization is done to get an internal consistency of data and to have minimum redundancy and maximum stability. This ensures minimizing data storage required, minimizing chances of data inconsistencies and optimizing for updates.

The following are the tables that are involved in the proposed system.

1. Employee account creation

Table 4.1 Employee account creation

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Accounts Management System

2.Administrator Login

Table 4.1 Administrator Login

4.3.5 Activities undertaken during System testing: Integration of different modules is undertaken once they have been coded and unit tested. During the integration and system testing phase, the modules are integrated in a planned manner. The different modules making up a software product are almost never integrated in one shot. Integration is normally carried out incrementally over a number of steps. During each integration step, the partially integrated system is tested and a set of previously planned modules are added to it. Finally, when all the modules have been successfully integrated and tested, system testing is carried out. The goal of system testing is to ensure that the developed system conforms to its requirements laid out in the SRS document. System testing usually consists of three different kinds of testing activities:

testing: It is the system testing performed by the development team. testing: It is the system testing performed by a friendly set of customers. acceptance testing: It is the system testing performed by the customer himself after the product delivery to determine whether to accept or reject the delivered product.

System testing is normally carried out in a planned manner according to the system test plan document. The system test plan identifies all testing-related activities that must be performed, specifies the schedule of testing, and allocates resources. It also lists all the test cases and the expected outputs for each test case.[1]

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5. REQUIREMENTS

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Accounts Management System

Requirements & System Environment 5.1 Hardware Configuration

1. Pentium IV Processor 2. 512 MB RAM 3. 40GB HDD 4. 1024 * 768 Resolution Color Monitor

5.2 Software Configuration

1. Operating System: Any new version of Windows Operating System. 2. Xampp (PHP, MySQL, Apache, and PHPMyAdmin) 3. Browser: Preferably Internet Explorer but shall also work with Chrome

5.2.1 XAMPP
Xampp is a free and open source cross-platform web server solution stack package, consisting mainly of the Apache HTTP Server, MySql database, and interpreters for scripts written in the PHP and Perl programming languages. XAMPP's name is an acronym for:

X (meaning cross-platform) Apache HTTP Server MySQL PHP Perl

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Installing Configuring & developing with Xampp 5.2.2.1 Obtaining and Installing XAMPP
XAMPP is a free package available for download and use for various web development tasks. All XAMPP packages and add-ons are distributed through the Apache Friends website at the address: http://www.apachefriends.org/. Once on the website, navigate and find the Windows version of XAMPP Lite and download the self-extracting ZIP archive. After downloading the archive, run and extract its contents into the root path of a hard disk or USB drive. For example,the extract path for a local Windows installation would simply be C:\. If extracted properly you will notice a new xampplite directory in the root of your installation disk. In order to test that everything has been installed correctly, first start the Apache HTTP Server by navigating to the xampplite directory and run the apache_start.bat batch file. Next we will test if the server is running correctly by opening an internet browser and typing http://localhost/ or http://127.0.0.1 into the address bar. If configured correctly, you will be presented with a screensimilar to that of the one in Figure 5.1.

Figure 5.1 Installing Xampp for Windows

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Figure 5.1 XAMPP splash screen

5.2.2.2 PHP Hello World

In the previous pages we installed and ran the Apache HTTP Server with success. The next step is to write a simple Hello World program in PHP that will test the configuration of PHP under XAMPP. In a text editor, such as Notepad, write the following lines of code:

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Accounts Management System In order to run and test this PHP program, save it into your xampp\htdocs directory with the file name of helloWorld.php. Then, to view it in your browser, simply type in

http://localhost/helloWorld.php into the address bar. If done correctly, you will see your Hello World line of text in the web browser as shown in Figure 5.3.

Figure 5.3 Resulting output for helloWorld.php.

5.2.2.3 Creating a Database and Table, and Inserting Data

Now that we have run and tested Apache and PHP, the next step is running MySQL and creating a database and table which will hold information for our address book program. In order to start MySQL, navigate to the xampp directory and run the mysql_start.bat batch file. The XAMPP Lite package contains an application called phpMyAdmin which allows developers to administer and maintain MySQL databases. For the remainder of this article we will be using phpMyAdmin to create a database and table, and enter test data used in the address book program. In order to start phpMyAdmin, you must first copy the phpMyAdmin folder from the xampp directory and place it into the xampplite\htdocs directory. Before testing phpMyAdmin, make sure that both Apache and MySQL are running by opening their respective batch files: apache_start.bat and mysql_start.bat. Along with Apache and MySQL running in the background, type http://localhost/phpMyAdmin/ into your internet browser. If successful you will be presented with a phpMyAdmin start page similar to the one in Figure5.4 .
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Figure 5.4 phpMyAdmin start page 5.2.2 phpMyAdmin is an open source tool written in PHP intended to handle the
administration of MySQL over the World Wide Web. phpMyAdmin supports a wide range of operations with MySQL.Currently it can create and drop databases, create/drop/alter tables, delete/edit/add fields, execute any SQL statement, manage users and permissions, and manage keys on fields. while you still have the ability to directly execute any SQL statement. phpMyAdmin can manage a whole MySQL server (needs a superuser) as well as a single database. To accomplish the latter youll need a properly set up MySQL user who can read/write only the desired database. Its up to you to look up the appropriate part in the MySQL manual.

phpMyAdmin can:
browse and drop databases, tables, views, fields and indexes. create, copy, drop, rename and alter databases, tables, fields and indexes. maintenance server, databases and tables, with proposals on server configuration.
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Accounts Management System execute, edit and bookmark any SQL-statement, even batch-queries. load text files into tables. create and read dumps of tables. export data to various formats: CSV, XML, PDF, ISO/IEC 26300 - OpenDocument Text and Spreadsheet, Word, Excel and LATEXT formats. administer multiple servers. manage MySQL users and privileges. check referential integrity in MyISAM tables. using Query-by-example (QBE), create complex queries automatically connecting required tables. create PDF graphics of your Database layout. search globally in a database or a subset of it. transform stored data into any format using a set of predefined functions. support InnoDB tables and foreign keys. support mysqli, the improved MySQL extension.

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Accounts Management System The first step with phpMyAdmin running is creating a new database. To do this, point to the textbox labelled Create new database and type addressBook as the name of a new database. Upon doing so, you will be forwarded to a screen similar to the one in Figure 5.5. Next, insert a new table in the addressBook database by typing colleague into the table name textbox and clicking the Go button to proceed with creating the table.

Figure 5.5 Creating a new table in the addressBook database

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Accounts Management System Following the creation of the colleague table, you will be required to insert the columns that make up your table. By using TABLE 2 as a reference, insert the necessary columns that will make up your colleague table for the address book.

Table 5.1 Table summary for the colleague table Lastly, with the database and table created, we next need to input some data into the table. Using the fictional information from the below table input the contact data into your own table.

Table 5.2 Fictional table data for the colleague table

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6. PHP, MYSQL, JAVASCRIPT, DBMS

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PHP, MYSQL, JAVASCRIPT, DBMS 6.1 PHP

PHP is a programming language designed to generate web pages interactively on the computer serving them, which is called a web server. Unlike HTML, where the web browser uses tags and markup to generate a page, PHP code runs between the requested page and the web server, adding to and changing the basic HTML output. PHP makes web development easy because all the code you need is contained within the PHP framework. This means that theres no reason for you to reinvent the wheel each time you sit down to develop a PHP program; it comes with web functionality built-in. While PHP is great for web application development, it doesnt store information by itself. For that, you need a database. The database of choice for PHP developers is MySQL, which acts like a filing clerk for PHP-processed user information. MySQL automates the most common tasks related to storing and retrieving specific user information based on your supplied criteria. MySQL is easily accessed fromPHP, and they work well together. An added benefit is that PHP and MySQL run on various computer types and operating systems, including Mac OS X, Windows-based PCs, and Linux. PHP does not have complete native support for Unicode or multibyte strings; Unicode support will be included in PHP 6. Many high profile open source projects ceased to support PHP 4 in new code as of February 5, 2008, due to the GoPHP5 initiative, provided by a consortium of PHP developers promoting the transition from PHP 4 to PHP 5. It runs in both 32-bit and 64-bit environments, but on Windows the only official distribution is 32-bit, requiring Windows 32-bit compatibility mode to be enabled while using IIS in a 64-bit Windows environment. There is a third-party distribution available for 64-bit Windows.[4]

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6.1.1 Advantages of Using PHP with MySQL

There are several factors that make using PHP and MySQL together a natural choice:

PHP and MySQL work well together

PHP and MySQL have been developed with each other in mind, so they are easy to use together. The programming interfaces between them are logically paired up. Working together wasnt an afterthought when the developers created the PHP and MySQL interfaces.

PHP and MySQL have open source power

As they are both open source projects, PHP and MySQL can both be used for free. MySQL client libraries are no longer bundled with PHP. Advanced users have the ability to make changes to the source code, and therefore change the way the language and programs work.

PHP and MySQL have community support

Both tools active communities on the Web in which you can participate, and the participants will help you answer your questions. You can also purchase professional support for MySQL if you need it.

PHP and MySQL are fast

Their simple and efficient designs enable faster processing.

PHP and MySQL dont bog you down with unnecessary details
You dont need to know all of the low-level details of how the PHP language interfaces with the MySQL database, as there is a standard interface for calling MySQL procedures from PHP.[4]

6.1.2 Speed optimization

As with many scripting languages, PHP scripts are normally kept as human-readable source code, even on production web servers. In this case, PHP scripts will be compiled at runtime by the PHP engine, which increases their execution time. PHP scripts are able to be compiled before runtime using PHP compilers as with other programming languages such as C (the language PHP and its extensions are written in). Code optimizers aim to reduce the computational complexity of the compiled code by reducing its size and making other changes that can reduce the execution time with the overall goal of improving performance. The nature of the PHP compiler is such that there are often opportunities for code optimization, and an example of a code optimizer is the Zend Optimizer PHP extension. Another approach for reducing overhead for high load PHP servers is using PHP accelerators. These can offer significant performance gains by caching the compiled form of a PHP script in shared memory to avoid the overhead of parsing and compiling the code every time the script runs.[4]
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6.1.3 Security
The National Vulnerability Database stores all vulnerabities found in computer software. The overall proportion of PHP-related vulnerabilities on the database amounted to: 12% in 2003, 20% in 2004, 28% in 2005, 43% in 2006, 36% in 2007, and 35% in 2008. Most of these PHPrelated vulnerabilities can be exploited remotely: they allow hackers to steal or destroy data from data sources linked to the webserver (such as an SQL database), send spam or contribute to DOS attacks using malware, which itself can be installed on the vulnerable servers. These vulnerabilities are caused mostly by not following best practice programming rules: technical security flaws of the language itself or of its core libraries are not frequent. Recognizing that programmers cannot be trusted, some languages include taint checking to detect automatically the lack of input validation which induces many issues. However, such a feature is being developed for PHP Hosting PHP applications on a server requires a careful and constant attention to deal with these security risks. There are advanced protection patches such as Suhosin and Hardening-Patch, especially designed for web hosting environments. Installing PHP as a CGI binary rather than as an Apache module is the preferred method for added security. With respect to securing the code itself, PHP code can be obfuscated to make it difficult to read while remaining functional.[4]

6.1.1.1 Syntax
<html> <head> <title>PHP Test </title> </head> <body> <?php echo <p> Hello World </p>; ?> </body> </html>
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Accounts Management System PHP only parses code within its delimiters. Anything outside its delimiters is sent directly to the output and is not parsed by PHP. The most common delimiters are <?php and ?>, which are open and close delimiters respectively. <script language=php> and </script> delimiters are also available. Short tags can be used to start PHP code, <? or <?= (which is used to echo back a string or variable) and the tag to end PHP code, ?>. These tags are commonly used, but like ASP-style tags (<% or <%= and %>), they are less portable as they can be disabled in the PHP configuration. For this reason, the use of short tags and ASP-style tags is discouraged. The purpose of these delimiters is to separate PHP code from non-PHP code, including HTML. Variables are prefixed with a dollar symbol and a type does not need to be specified in advance. Unlike function and class names, variable names are case sensitive. Both double-quoted () and heredoc strings allow the ability to embed a variables value into the string. PHP treats newlines as whitespace in the manner of a free-form language (except when inside string quotes), and statements are terminated by a semicolon. PHP has three types of comment syntax: /* */ serves as block comments, and // as well as # are used for inline comments. The echo statement is one of several facilities PHP provides to output text (e.g. to a web browser). In terms of keywords and language syntax, PHP is similar to most high level languages that follow the C style syntax. If conditions, for and while loops, and function returns are similar in syntax to languages such as C, C++, Java and Perl.

6.1.1.1.1 Data Types

PHP stores whole numbers in a platform-dependent range. This range is typically that of 32bit signed integers. Unsigned integers are converted to signed values in certain situations; this behavior is different from other programming languages. Integer variables can be assigned using decimal (positive and negative), octal, and hexadecimal notations. Floating point numbers are also stored in a platform-specific range. They can be specified using floating point notation, or two forms of scientific notation. PHP has a native Boolean type that is similar to the native Boolean types in Java and C++. Using the Boolean type conversion rules, non-zero values are interpreted as true and zero as false, as in Perl and C++. The null data type represents a variable that has no value. The only value in the null data type is NULL. Variables of the resource type represent references to resources from external sources. These are typically created by functions from a

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Accounts Management System particular extension, and can only be processed by functions from the same extension; examples include file, image, and database resources. Arrays can contain elements of any type that PHP can handle, including resources, objects, and even other arrays. Order is preserved in lists of values and in hashes with both keys and values, and the two can be intermingled. PHP also supports strings, which can be used with single quotes, double quotes, or heredoc syntax. The Standard PHP Library (SPL) attempts to solve standard problems and implements efficient data access interfaces and classes.[4]

6.1.1.1.2 Functions
PHP has hundreds of base functions and thousands more from extensions. These functions are well documented on the PHP site, but unfortunately, the built-in library has a wide variety of naming conventions and inconsistencies. PHP currently has no functions for thread programming.

6.1.1.1.3 Resources
PHP includes free and open source libraries with the core build. PHP is a fundamentally Internetaware system with modules built in for accessing FTP servers, many database servers, embedded SQL libraries such as embedded PostgreSQL, MySQL and SQLite, LDAP servers, and others. Many functions familiar to C programmers such as those in the stdio family are available in the standard PHP build. PHP has traditionally used features such as magic_quotes_gpc and magic_quotes_runtime which attempt to escape apostrophes () and quotes () in strings in the assumption that they will be used in databases, to prevent SQL injection attacks. This leads to confusion over which data is escaped and which is not, and to problems when data is not in fact used as input to a database and when the escaping used is not completely correct. To make code portable between servers which do and do not use magic quotes, developers can preface their code with a script to reverse the effect of magic quotes when it is applied. PHP allows developers to write extensions in C to add functionality to the PHP language. These can then be compiled into PHP or loaded dynamically at runtime. Extensions have been written to add support for the Windows API, process management on Unix-like operating systems, multibyte strings (Unicode), cURL, and several popular compression formats. Some more unusual features include integration with Internet Relay Chat, dynamic generation of images and Adobe Flash content, and even speech
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Accounts Management System synthesis. The PHP Extension Community Library (PECL) project is a repository for extensions to the PHP language. Zend provides a certification exam for programmers to become certified PHP developers.[4]

6.2 MYSQL
MySQL is a multithreaded,multi-user SQL database management system(DBMS). The basic program runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases.Originally financed in a similar fashion to the JBoss model, MySQL was owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQLAB now a subsidiary of Sun Microsystem , which holds the copyright to most of the codebase. The projects source code is available under terms of the GNU General Public Licence, as well as under a variety of proprietory agreements. MySQL is a database.The data in MySQL is stored in database objects called tables. A table is a collections of related data entries and it consists of columns and rows. Databases are useful when storing information categorically. A company may have a database with the following tables: Employees, Products, Customers and Orders.[5]

6.2.1 Database Tables

A database most often contains one or more tables. Each table is identified by a name (e.g. Customers or Orders). Tables contain records (rows) with data.

6.2.1.1 Queries
A query is a question or a request.With MySQL, we can query a database for specific information and have a recordset returned.

6.2.1.2Create a connection to a database

Before you can access data in a database, you must create a connection to the database.In PHP, this is done with the mysql_connect() function.[6]

Syntax

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Example
In the following example we store the connection in a variable ($con) for later use in the script. The die part will be executed if the connection fails:

6.2.1.3 Closing a Connection

The connection will be closed automatically when the script ends. To close the connection before, use the mysql_close() function:

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6.2.1.1.1 Create a Database

The CREATE DATABASE statement is used to create a database in MySQL. Syntax CREATE DATABASE database_name To get PHP to execute the statement above we must use the mysql_query() function. This function is used to send a query or command to a MySQL connection.

6.2.1.1.2 Create a Table

The CREATE TABLE statement is used to create a table in MySQL. Syntax CREATE TABLE table_name ( column_name1 data_type, column_name2 data_type, column_name3 data_type, .... )

6.2.2 MySQL Functions

mysql_affected_rows - Get number of affected rows in previous MySQL operation mysql_change_user - Change logged in user of the active connection mysql_client_encoding - Returns the name of the character set mysql_close - Close MySQL connection mysql_connect - Open a connection to a MySQL Server mysql_create_db - Create a MySQL database mysql_data_seek - Move internal result pointer mysql_db_name - Get result data mysql_db_query - Send a MySQL query mysql_drop_db - Drop (delete) a MySQL database mysql_errno - Returns the numerical value of the error message from previous MySQL operation mysql_error - Returns the text of the error message from previous MySQL operation mysql_escape_string - Escapes a string for use in a mysql_query mysql_fetch_array - Fetch a result row as an associative array, a numeric array, or both mysql_fetch_assoc - Fetch a result row as an associative array
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Accounts Management System mysql_fetch_field - Get column information from a result and return as an object mysql_fetch_lengths - Get the length of each output in a result mysql_fetch_object - Fetch a result row as an object wsmysql_num_rows Get number of rows in result mysql_pconnect Open a persistent connection to a MySQL server mysql_ping Ping a server connection or reconnect if there is no connection mysql_query Send a MySQL query mysql_result Get result data mysql_select_db Select a MySQL database mysql_set_charset Sets the client character set mysql_stat Get current system status mysql_tablename Get table name of field mysql_thread_id Return the current thread ID mysql_unbuffered_query Send an SQL query to MySQL, without fetching and buffering the result[4]

6.2.3 Request and Response working

Figure - 6.1 Working of PHP interpreter, MySQL, and the web server

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6.2.4 Apache Web Server

Often referred to as simply Apache, a public-domain open source Web server developed by a looselyknit group of programmers. The first version of Apache, based on the NCSA httpd Web server, was developed in 1995. Core development of the Apache Web server is performed by a group of about 20 volunteer programmers, called the Apache Group. However, because the source code is freely available, anyone can adapt the server for specific needs, and there is a large public library of Apache addons. In many respects, development of Apache is similar to development of the Linux operating system. The original version of Apache was written for UNIX, but there are now versions that run under OS/2, Windows and other platforms. The name is a tribute to the Native American Apache Indian tribe, a tribe well known for its endurance and skill in warfare. A common misunderstanding is that it was called Apache because it was developed from existing NCSA code plus various patches, hence the name a patchy server, or Apache server. Apache consistently rates as the worlds most popular Web server according to analyst surveys. Apache has attracted so much interest because it is full-featured, reliable, and free. Originally developed for UNIX operating systems, Apache has been updated to run on Windows, OS/2, and other platforms. One aspect of Apache that some site administrators find confusing especially those unfamiliar with UNIX-style software is its configuration scheme. Instead of using a point-and-click graphic user interface (GUI) or Windows Registry keys as most other modern software packages, Apache generally relies on simple text filesfor its configuration settings.[4]

6.3 JavaScript
JavaScript is a scripting language you can use in conjunction with HTML to create interactive Web pages. A scripting language is a programming language thats designed to give folks easy access to prebuilt components. In the case of JavaScript, those prebuilt components are the building blocks that make up a Web page (links, images, plug-ins, HTML form elements, browser configuration details, and so on).[7]

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6.3.1 JavaScript is Case Sensitive

A function named "myfunction" is not the same as "myFunction" and a variable named "myVar" is not the same as "myvar".JavaScript is case sensitive - therefore watch your capitalization closely when you create or call variables, objects and functions.

6.3.1.1 White Space

JavaScript ignores extra spaces. You can add white space to your script to make it more readable. The following lines are equivalent:

6.3.1.2 Break up a Code Line

You can break up a code line within a text string with a backslash. The example below will be displayed properly:

6.3.2 JavaScript and HTML

HTML tags create objects; JavaScript lets you manipulate those objects. For example, you use the HTML <BODY> and </BODY> tags to create a Web page, or document. As shown below after that document is created, you can interact with it by using JavaScript. For example, you can use a special JavaScript construct called the onLoad event handler to trigger an action play a little welcoming tune, perhaps when the document is loaded onto a Web browser.[7]

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Table 6.1 Creating and Working with objects

6.3.2.1 Syntax
Two choices when it comes to embedding JavaScript code in an HTML file: You can use the <SCRIPT> and </SCRIPT> tags to include JavaScript code directly into an HTML file. In the example below, a JavaScript function called processOrder() is defined at the top of the HTML file. Further down in the HTML file, the JavaScript function is associated with an event handler specifically, the processOrder buttons onClick event handler. (In other words, the JavaScript code contained in the processOrder() function runs when a user clicks the processOrder button.)

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Accounts Management System You can use the <SCRIPT> and </SCRIPT> tags to include a separate, external JavaScript file (a file containing only JavaScript statements and bearing a .js extension) into an HTML file.

6.3.3 JavaScript Functions

escape( ) - Returns the hexadecimal encoding of an argument in the ISO-Latin-1 character set. The escape() function and its reverse function, unescape(), are typically used to send special characters safely from a JavaScript script to another program.[7]

eval( ) -

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isFinite( ) -

isNan( ) -

Number ( ) -

parseFloat ( ) -

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parseInt ( ) -

String( ) -

taint( ) -

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unescape ( ) -

6.4 Database Management System

What is a database? In very general terms, a database is a collection of related data. The word related implies that the collection of letters on this page do not by themselves constitute a database. But if we think of them as a collection of letters arranged to form words, then they can be conceptualised as data in a database. Using similar reasoning, we can aslo say that a tome such as a telephone directory is also a database. It is a database first, because it is a collection of letters that form words and second, because it is an alphabetical listing of people's names, their addresses and telephone numbers. A database depends on what use we want to make of the information that it contains. In this electronic age, the word databases has become synonymous with the term "computer database" Collins English Dictionary describes a database as " A store of a large amount of information, esp. in a form that can be handled by a computer.[1] A database (computerised database remember) by itself, is not much use. The data is stored electronically on the computer's disk in a format which we humans cannot read or understand directly. What we need is some way of accessing this data and converting it into a form which we do understand. This is job of the database management system or DBMS for short. A DBMS is essentially a suite o programs that act as the interface between the human operator and the data held in the database. using the DBMS, it is possible to retreive useful information, update or delete obsolete information and add new information to the database. As well as data entry and retrieval, the DBMS plays an important role in maintaining the overall integrity of the data in the database. The simplest example of is ensuring that the values entered into the database conform to the data types that are specified. For example, in the the telephoene book database, the DBMS

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Accounts Management System might have to ensure that each phone number entered confirms to a set format of XXXXXXXXXX where X represents an integer.[1]

Table - 6.2 A table in a database

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7. SNAPSHOTS

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Figure 7.1 Account management system of NIT Srinagar

Figure 7.1 Administrator Login

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Figure 7.3 Settings for Future Use

Figure 7.4 Updating an Employee

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Figure 7.5 Salary through bank of month/year 04/2011

Figure 7.6 Employee salary info of an employee of a particular month

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Figure 7.7 Abstract Salary bill of Teaching staff

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8. IMPLEMENTATION

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8.1 IMPLEMENTATION
Implementation is the stage in the project where the theoretical design is turned into a working system and is giving confidence on the new system for the users that it will work efficiently and effectively. It involves careful planning, investigation of the current system and its constraints on implementation, design of methods to achieve the change over, an evaluation of change over methods. Apart from planning major task of preparing the implementation are education and training of users. The implementation process begins with preparing a plan for the implementation of the system. According to this plan, the activities are to be carried out, discussions made regarding the equipment and resources and the additional equipment has to be acquired to implement the new system. In network backup system no additional resources are needed. Implementation is the final and the most important phase. The most critical stage in achieving a successful new system is giving the users confidence that the new system will work and be effective. The system can be implemented only after thorough testing is done and if it is found to be working according to the specification. This method also offers the greatest security since the old system can take over if the errors are found or inability to handle certain type of transactions while using the new system.

8.1.1 User Training

After the system is implemented successfully, training of the user is one of the most important subtasks of the developer. For this purpose user manuals are prepared and handled over to the user to operate the developed system. Thus the users are trained to operate the developed system. Both the hardware and software securities are made to run the developed systems successfully in future. In order to put new application system into use, the following activities were taken care of: Preparation of user and system documentation Conducting user training with demo and hands on Test run for some period to ensure smooth switching over the system

User manuals describing the procedures for using the functions listed on menu are circulated to all the users. It is confirmed that the system is implemented up to users need and expectations.

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8.1.2 Security and Maintenance

Maintenance involves the software industry captive, typing up system resources .It means restoring something to its original condition. Maintenance follows conversion to the extend that changes are necessary to maintain satisfactory operations relative to changes in the users environment. Maintenance often includes minor enhancements or corrections to problems that surface in the systems operation. Maintenance is also done based on fixing the problems reported, changing the interface with other software or hardware enhancing the software. Any system developed should be secured and protected against possible hazards. Security measures are provided to prevent unauthorized access of the database at various levels. An uninterrupted power supply should be so that the power failure or voltage fluctuations will not erase the data in the files. Password protection and simple procedures to prevent the unauthorized access are provided to the users .The system allows the user to enter the system only through proper user name and password.

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9. CONCLUSION

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9.1 CONCLUSION
To conclude the description about the project : The project, developed using PHP and MySQL is based on the requirement specification of the user and the analysis of the existing system, with flexibility for future enhancement.

The expanded functionality of todays software requires an appropriate approach towards software development. This accounts management software is designed for people who want to manage various activities in account section. For the past few years the number of educational institutions are increasing rapidly. Thereby the number of employees are also increasing in the institution. And hence there is a lot of strain on the person who are running accounts section. This particular project deals with the problems on managing the accounts and avoids the problems which occur when carried manually.

Identification of the drawbacks of the existing system leads to the designing of web enabled system that will be compatible to the existing system with the system which is more user friendly and more GUI oriented.

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REFERENCES

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References
[1] Dr. P Sreenivasa Kumar CSE Deptt. IIT Madras, Database Systems, www.neptel.co.in. [2] Beginning PHP, Apache, MySQL Web Development by Michael Glass,Yann Le Scouarnec, Elizabeth Naramore, Gary Mailer,Jeremy Stolz, Jason Gerner, Wiley Publishing,inc. [3] SQL - A Practical Introduction by Akeel Din [4] PHP 5 for Dummies by Janet Valade Wiley Publishing,inc. [5] Learning PHP and MySQL by Michele E. Davis and Jon A. Phillips OReilly. [6] www.w3schools.com [7] Learning JAVASCRIPT for Dummies by Janet Valade Wiley Publishing,inc. [8] www.hotscripts.com/category/php/ [9] www.apache.org [10] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_management_system

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