You are on page 1of 327

12

ABCDEFG

c
ba

XuJ uMH WUIK wMu fK: UbB WdN WOUI V WKK


) (

: .

: .
.
: .

ac
b

XuJ uMH WUIK wMu fK: UbB WdN WOUI V WKK


12


) (

: .

: .
.
: .

1978

ABCDEFG

" "

M
M
M
M

)*(


.

/ / O

.

_ /


) (
/ /


.

.
o

)( p

r
/ . /
.
o .
.
.
/ r) .(
/ r _ _
.
.
. /

/ /
.
/
r

.
)(
.

) o
( _
.
) (

.
r
.
/
6

/ .
/
.
/

/_ . r o
/ /_
.
/ _
. /)(

.
r _
_ /_ )(
/ _
O
_

.
.
p
/_ / .
/
/ /
/
/ .

./

7

.
/ /

/ .O /


. / /
.
/
/ /
. ) (Etymology


) ( /
.
/
.


_ _ .
/ ) .( /
/
/_ .
/
/
. /
.

.
8

r ) (
/
o _ / )( /

. /
.
/ ) (
O /
/
/ / .
)-- /( .

_ _ / /.
)
( .

.
/ .

/
/
/ . /
/ /
_ _ _
_ . /
.
/
.
/
9

.
/
/

.
. /
/ /
O
p .
/_
/ o . o

/ /
/ .
/
.
/ /
O
.
/
/
.
_
.

/ .
/ / o
/_) .(
/
10

/ .
/
.

.


p
/ .

/
.


/
.
/_
/
.
.
_

/
/ .


p

.
11

) /(

. ) (

.

/ / .

.

/_ /_


.
) - - /
(
/ ).(
/ /

.
r

_
. /

p /
_


12

/ / .

.

.
/

/
.
/ .
/_ /_.
/_
/

.
/
/ r / /
. /
/
p .



/ .

/_
.

/ /
13

.

_ _ / .

/ .
/
_
. /

. /
O _.
/ /
/_ .
_
.
o

_


.
o
.

.
p

.
/
14

.
/ .
.
/
/
/ .


. /
/ /

.
.

.
/ .

. /
. _
r

.p


. /
/ /_
_ /_ _.
r
O
15


_ _
_
/

. _

/ )/ /(
.
.
.

.
)( .
_
_ . / )... . .
..() ( _
.


_ / )
( :
)O ...(
/ / )
( . O /
o / /.
/

/ )
16

( . /
/ .
/ _ ) ( /.
/ .
/ _
.
.
/

/ . /
).(

. o

. /
/
/ / ) .(
/
/ .
/
/
) .(
O .
/

.
/
. / /
/
17


/ / .


.
/
o
/ . /
) (
/ .
. /
/ .
) / (
_ / .
/ _ .
/

.
/ ) .(
.
o /
_) (
/ / .

.
/

/

18

).(
/ /
) - - /(
_ /
/.
_
o
/ / O ).(
o _ /

. /_
. o
/
. o

.



. / p /
) (
.
o p / /.
o ) - ) (/
- ( . /
. /

/ . /
/
19

. /

o ) (Mimus
.r /
/ . / _
/
/ .
/ )) ( /( .
.
_ /

. /
.
p .
/ _
.


. O /
/ ).(
/
.
/ / ).(
/ _
. /
/ .
/
/ .
_ _ .
20

.
/

/ ) /( .
) . /
(.
/ /
. /

/ ) .()(Panchatranta
/ _ _
) (Karataka ) (Damanaka
.
) (Bilawhar Wa Budasaf ) (Yudasaf
. _ _


) (
/
.

/

) .( / r
. _
/

.
) /(
21

/
. /

.

. o / .
) (

.
) (
_ /
.
/ /
/
) (The Arabian Nights
/ .
o
/ / .
/
.
/ /
o .

/

/ /
.
/
.
22

/
/_
/ .

/
. /
.
o
.
_ _ .
r
.
) .(
.

. _


. )(
) (Cervantes
) .(
_

.
o
/ . /
.
o o
.
23

O _

. /
/ /
o /
/

/ / .

/ /
) (/ )(.
.
) (A. du Ryer . ) (G. Gentius
. ) (A. Olearius /
.
/
. /
/ . /

) (R. Dozy/ /
) (Supplement aux dictionnaires Arabes
/ / /
. /
.

) (Pedro de Alcala .
/
.

o / p
24


. O
/
.
_
/
) ( .
/
.
_

/
/ . _

/
) .(

. /
/_ O
/_
. . . ) (S. M. Stern
/ /

) .(
/ /
_ . /
_ .
/ _ _.

25

/ / )()(Tristram and Iseult



. /
/ /
_ ) / /
/ () .(
/
. /
.
_ _

.

o . / / /
_
)(
) - - /(.
.


./ / o
/ /
/_ / _
_ _ .
_ _
_
.
/
)/ ()(The Parzival )Wolfram Von
26

(Eschenbch ) ( .
/ /_
) .( _
. / /
.
/ ) (Holy Grail
) (KraterO
/ ) .(
/ / p /
.


.

/ p
/) .( /
/ /

/ .
/ / /
) (
/ )(Disciplina Clericalis
) .(Pedro de Alfonso /
.
) () .(
/

) ( Decamerone Boccaccio
Squires Tale .
27


) (Peter the Venerable
) .( / o
.
/_ /
/
. /_
/_

.
.
/
.
)
/ (


_
) - (
.
. / ) ( )/
- ( )(
) (Los Bocodos De oro .
.
p O
/
. /
.

28

.
/
p
) .( _
/
. /

. _ ) M. Asin Palacios (

/_ /
.
) .(
_ /_


/ .
/ /
o /
/ /
.
_
_ _

. o
/

. o


29

.
/)
(
-
- p
_)) .( / (.

/
/ /
O
.
O
.p

/
) ( .
.




/
Vathek
) ()(William Beckford .
.
.
) (-) (Antoine Galland


30

) .(
_
.
_
.
.

/

.
/ .
/
/
/ / .
.

/ .
/
)(

) (- .

/ /

. / O
_
.
/
.
( - ) Sir William Jones
. . H. F. Deiz
31

) ( -
. -) J. Von Hammer Purgstall
( _ - /
) (
o ) .( _
_
/ _

.
: .
(-) ()F. Ruckert _ ( - ) Von Platen
/_
/_ .
) (
_
) .
(.


) /() .(
(-) Edward FitzGerald


/ .



/
./ o
32


.
.

/_ .
H. A. R. Gibb O _
_ /
. / o
p
) .(
/
_ .
_ / .

o
/ _ .
/
.
/ .


.
/_
.
.

/ .

Franz Rosenthal

33

- :

- :
.R. Blachere

)(Histoire de la litterature arabe
- -- /
.
.:F. Gabrieli

)(Storia della letteratura araba

. . .:H. A. R. Gibb
: . .:
J. M. Landau

)(Arabische Literaturgeschichte
- .
/.
. .:R. A. Nicholson
- .
.:G. Viet

)(Introduction a la litterature arabe
.
- :
. .:A. J. Arberry
) (The Koran Interpreted- .
. . :G. E. Von. Grunebaum
-
)(Kritik und Dicktkunst, Studien zur arabishen Literaturgeschiete
34

.-
.:A. Guillaume
. -
(The life of Muhammad. A. Translation of (Ibn) Ishaqs Sirat Rusul
.
)Allah
.:J. Kritzech

)(Anthology of Islam Literature
.
:C. Pellat
. .
)(The life and Works of Jahiz, Translations of Selected Texts
. .

- :

. .:A. J. Arberry

)(Classical Persian Literature
. /
.
.:A. Bombaci

)(Histoire de la litterature turque
.
. ..
E. G. Browne
\
)(A History of Persian Litterature
- .-
. :A. Payliaro : : .:
A. Bausani

)(Storria della letteratura Persiana
.

35

- :

U. Monneret de Villard
. : _
.
(Lo Studio dellIslam in Europa nel XII e nel XIII secolo, Studi e
)Testi
.
A. R. Nykl
. .:
(Hispano-Arabic Poetry and its Relations with Old Provencal
)Troubadours
.-
R. W. Southern
. : .
)(Western Views of Islam in the Middle Ages
.

36

)*(


) (Revelation .
o
.
.
.

_


.


: .
O

)( p
.

37

.
) .(

.

/

) (Scholasticism) (
. /
.


.
/.

) ( /
/_
.

) (
o o _
.
.

/
. o
.
) (Theodicy
) (Anthropology / ) (Eschatology
38

) .(
) (Personal being
} ) {(
} g {) ( } :
{) .( / ) .(
).(


) (Original Sin } j
{) .(
.
/ . /
. o
.
) .(/
)Theocentric
.(Society
/
./
) .(
.

. p
) (Transcendent
).(
)p (Finalistic) (
o
.
.
39

/ /
) (Original Covenant
.
_
/
. o
. / O
.
/ ) (
St. Sophronius St. Andrew of
Crete St. John of Damascus
_ /_ /_
.
) (
) (
. / /
. / /
) (
) Theodore Abu Qurra ( _
/ /_) .(
.
/_ /
.


/
/ / .


.
40


) (Neo-Platonism _) (Plotinus) ()(
) .(Proclus
. / /
/ / _
. /

.
) (
) (Natural theology
o /_ .


.
_

. / _ _ /
/ .
/ /
.

/ ) .( / /
/ r
) .(Analogy
/
. p
/ /.


. /
41

. /
/_
.
/ / o
/ . /
/


. / ) ( :
: / .

).(
:
)
/( ./
.
: p / ).(
:/ _ /_ o
/
) ( .
.
/

.
).(
/ _
) (Liberals

.
42

.
) (Reasonable religion

_ /.




.

/
. / / /_
/ / / .
/
.
) )(
(
) Hellenistic Philosophy :( o
/
.
/ )( /

/ ()City
O
.
.
r

43

) .( /_
_ .


_ _) ( _
: ) (In concrete
_ /) .(
:
.
.
_ / /
) (Theory of Ideas / .


.
/
. ) /( ) /(
) /( _ / .
/
_
/ ) .(
)/ (
:
/ .
.r_

. o _
) (per se per accidens /
more philosophico
44

/
/ .
_

) ( ) ( )(
.
.
.

.
)( /
. _ .

/ . _
).(

_ p

) .(
.
. .
.
/
. p .
/
o) .(
/_
.
/
o ).(
45


.
r
) (reconcile_
) (status .

.
/
_ _ ) .(
) (Metaphysics ) (De Anima
/.
p / )(Oewpia
/ .
) (De intellectu ) (
/ p
/ .

.

. /_ /_
) (Traditional believers
/ p




) .( /
.
)St.) (
(Thomas Aquinas ) ;(Duns Scotus) (
46

_ p O
_ .
/_
)/_ ( )(Loquentes in Lege Maurorum
.

o
) (Theology) (
/_ / /
) (Scholasticism .
. /
.
/ o .
/ o .
.
.
.
/ :
o ) Creeds (
Speculation/ O
o .
) ( o )Profession of
(Faith _ .
o o /
) _(
. o
).(
) (/ ) /(
47

/ .
/ .o
_ : / /
/ o ) .(
.
_ _ /
) .(
_ ) (
) /
().(
) (
.
o
) .(
/ o :o /
/ ) .(
.
) _(
/
).(
/ )
/() ( o )Traditional
(Kalam
/ ./
o ) (

o / ).(

.
48

_ .
o
) (Theology /
.
/
/_
.
.
) (Heresiology /
. /
/ .
_ .
. _
_ )
/( / )
( )) ( /() ()(
) /(
. _.
_ : /
/ . _
) (Classical .

/ . /
./
O
/ .
/ / /
_).(

49

/ /
.
) (Theologians
p .
) (Systematic o.
)(

) /( / :
: .
: .
: / .
: / .
)(
: / / .
_ / / /
)) ( ( / ()
/ .

):(

/ ) /( /
_
) .( o ) (Via antiqua
/
) (Via moderna
) (Aristotelian syllogism /
/ /

/ . )(
) /( _ .
)) ( /( .
r
50


/_ / _
/
: / /
/
.

.

) ( . o
/ _ / _
) /_().(
_
/ . / o _
.
) .( o _ o
o ) (
o .

.
.
o
o ) (The Golden Mean in Belief
/
.
/
.


51


/
/_


p
_
.
/ )
( .
:
:


/ ).(


/ /
) (Metaphysics ) .(Cosmology
/
/_ /
/_ )) ( /(
)) ( /(

/ )) ( /(
)) ( /( .

/ .
52


/
.
/ .
/

.
Theology
_ /
/ /.
_ /_ p
/ .
/
) (De Deo Uno
) .(/ /


) (
O
) (
.
) (Legal )(Positive

_ O

) .(Tradition
.
r .
/
) (Summa / .

53


)(

) (Sufism
.

. o /
.
:

) ()(Vedanta .
o /_
/_ /_
/
) (Interiorize .
/ .

.
/ .

o :
}

"_{).(
:
}g
w

{).(
r :
}
54

_{).(
:
)(
} { .
_ .
_ /_ _
. /
o }
{) .( o /_ } :

" {) .(o
} :
{) .( :
} {) .( }
{) .( _ }
{) .( }

.

{) .(
}

{) .( /_ }

{) .(
_} :
{).(
/ o
:
} " .
55

{).(
/} :
{) .( }
{) .(
/
:
} : " . ?


{).(

) (

.
.
/
r ) ( ) (
_ ) ( _ }
{) .( o p p
}
"


{).(
) ( }
{).(
_
. ) (
)
56

() ( ) /(

_
.
/ /


.
.
) ( :

) (
).(
_
:
) ( . o
.
/
.
p _
/.
/ ) _ _ /
(
/ /
.
_
57

. .
_ /
.
p /) ( .


. _
.
_ _ p
.
_
/
/ .


.

.

.

.
/
/ .
. )(Louis Massignon
: ) ( .

) (Life of St. Louis ) .(Joinville

) /(
58


) _( .
}

"_
{).(
/:
_



. p
.
/
/ /
/.
)) ( /(
.
.
. .

.
_
).(
) (
) .( / /) (
59



.

) .(
) .(
o .


/_ .
)) ( /(

.
/_
.
/
.
)(

.


;

/
. L. Massignon
/
).(

.
60

) (Excesses
. o

).(
/ :
)) ( /( )) ( /(
/)) ( /() ( )) (
/() ()) ( /().(
/ / /
/ . /)(
/ / .p
/ _ )
Ladder to Paradise
) (St. John Climacus
.
_ .
.
o ) ( : )(
/) .( / .
./
/ .
/ :
/_ /
) ( /
/
/
)(
).(

61

) .( /
_ / _ . /

.

.
_ / /
) ( .
:/
/ _) .(
/_ _ / /
.

) /(
) (
/ /_ /
.
) (Algazel

_ o
) ( _
_ _ .
/
_) .(

) .( /
/_

62

.
/ .
).(
/ /

o .
o O
o) (
_
/) .( p

. ) (Spiritual )(Mystic
p o
.

/ .
o
O
) .(
o
O
).(
/ /

o

. p /

.
63


).(

/
/_ /
_
.


_ : o
) (Gnostic
.
o o
/ /
) (Emotional intuition
/ . ) /(
/


_ )Human
(Ego ) (Divine Ego .

.

:

) ( .

64

/
) /( _ ) (Macrocosm
).(Microcosm
/ Gnostic Mysticism _
_ :
.
/ /_
/ / .

)) ( /( .
.
r
}
"


{ ) ( ) .(
_

p ) .(
/
/ .


o) (Agathodemon) ( )()(Empedocles
) .(
.
o
:
65

/
.
/ ) ( /
/ .

. / /.
/

).(

r)) ( /(
) ( .
/ .
/
.
. /
/
.
/ _.
/
.
/

) .(logos _
) .(o
)(Ontological monism) (
.
o : / )
( ) (
66

)
(.

.
/ /
. /
o ).(

/ / ) (Intelligible ideas
) .(
) p (
.
) .(
/
).(
)
( / .
.
) (
)/( .
).(

?
_o _ ) (Inter logos /
) (Uttered logos )World of
(Humanity ) (World of divinity

) /( . /
.
67

/
) (Stoicism ) (Philonism )(Neo-Platonism
)( .
/ /
/ ) (Incarnation
) (Trinity
. p
.
)(Existential Monism
.


.

.


_ .

. p
/ /
.
) (
.
/ _ .
/
.
_
68

.
_
.
_ .
) (

. _
.


.

).(

/ / .
/ _ /
_ /
.
.
/
) ( _
) ()(Animism
).(

p
.
) ( )
/(.
69



_ ) ( . /

) .(
/
.
.
.


_ /

.
) ( ... /

).(

)
()(

)(


/_ .

)
( .
. _ /_

_ .
_ )/_(
70

/ .
. /
/_ / o ) (Raymondo
.
) (Burgos ) - (
) (Michael Scouts
) .(
.

/
.
/
.

/
/ . /_
/ ) (Atomism) ( /)(
) .(Occasionalism ) .(
)(

.

. / /

)( . ) (Hereford
/ ) .(
)
( /
p . .
71

_
.

) (Boethius _ .
) (
_ . / )(Logica Nova
.
. /
) / ( .
/ .
/ / )(Theology of Aristotle
_ ) (Enneads of Plotinue
)) (Liber de Causis
Elementatio The ologica ).()(Proclus
_
/_ ) (De Intellecta) ( )
/( ) (
) (De Scientiis) ( )De Ortu
(Scientiarum

) ) ) (Avicebron /
( . _
/ /
.
/_
/
_ / /
) (Augustinism) ( /
) (De Anima
72

) Joan of Toledo
/( .
) .(Gundisalvi .
/
/ / _
/
) .( ) (M. Gilson /
) / /( _
/ . )
/(
) William of Auvergne (
Alexander
) of Hales ( ) Jean de la Rochelle (
)) (St. Bonaventura (
) Robert Grosseteste (
)) (John Peckham ( .
)(Roger Bacon
/ )(
.


p )Albertus
(Magnus .
/ /) (
) (Dans Scotus
) .(
).(


)(

73

) (
) (Naturalism ) (Determinism

. ) (
_

)(The Commentator par excellence
. p
) .(
) (
) (

) ( /
/_

/) .(

o _ .

.
o . o
/ /
) (Active Intellect / ) (Passive Intellect .

) (Monopsychism .
. / / )( Receptive
/ .

_ )(Phantasms
74

/ .
p / . /
/
) .(
.

) Siger de Barabant () .(
/
_)De Unitate Intellectus Contra) (
(Averroistas

. _
) (Latin Averroism ) M.
(Vansteenberghen /)Heterodox) (
(Aristotelianism
) .(
) /( o
)) (Raymond Lull (
.
/ ) (Accursed )(A. furious barker
) .(An impious Arab
) (Jean de Jandun
) .(Navarre
/ .
) (Padua
p ) .(
/

) Pietro dAbano ( . ) (Petrarch
)De
75

(Sui Ipsius et Multorum Ignorantia


/ ).(
) Pomponazzi (
_ ) Niphus (
o ) zimara ( _
/.

.

/ .

.
.
.
.
.
/ .
/

.

.


) /( .

/ ) (Philosophus autodidactus / _
_ .

76

.
_

.

.
) /(
) /(
) Pico della Mirandola ( .
Edward Pocock
) the Younger ( .
. () G. Keith
_ ) ()(Quakers
o .
) _ ( /
) J. G. Pritius ( .
) (Simon Ockley )
( . . A. S.
Fulton . / J. G.
() Eichhorn
.() P. Bronnle / ) .(
() Pons Boigues
() A. Gonzalez Palencia
( ) L. Gauthier
.
_ .() J. Kuzmin _
) (Daniel Dofoe ) (Robinson Crusoe
/ )) (
(.
77


:
/
/ _ )(
Miguel Asin Palacios
)(Cerulli


/) (Liber de la Scala) (/
o )
( .o

) ( /
/.
_ _
/ .
) .(
)) ( /( . /
) .(St. John of the Cross) ( _

: = Aprieto
= ) .(Anchura
.
_
:

.
: /
.



78


).(

_ .
/_
.
.
/ /

/ .
.
?

Georges C. Anawati

79

Philosophy
R. Arnaldez, article Falsafa, in Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edn.; S. van
den Bergh, Die Epitome der Metaphysik des Averroes (Leiden, 1924) (=
translation with introduction and notes); idem, Averroes Tahafut al-tahafut,
translated from the Arabic with Introduction and notes, 2 vols. (London, 1954);
T. J. de Boer, Geschichte der Philosophie im Islam (Stuttgart, 1901), translated
by E. R. Jones, The History of Philosophy in Islam (London, 1903, reprinted
1933); H. Corbin, Histoire de la philosophie islamique, i (Paris, 1964) (until the
death of Averroes (with bibliography), an un-usual approach, on which see G.
C. Anawati, in Mlanges Chenu (Paris, 1967), pp. 51-71); M. Cruz Hernndez,
Historia de la filosofia espanola, Filosofia hispanomusulmana, 2 vols. (Madrid,
1957) (covers the whole of Muslim philosophy; extensive bibliographies); idem;
La filosofia arabe (Madrid, 1963) (with bibliographies); L. Gardet, La pense
religieuse dAvicenne (Paris, 1951); L. Gauthier, Ibn Rochd (Averros) (Paris,
1958); A. - M. Goichon, La Philosophie dAvicenne et son influence en Europe
mdivale (Paris , 1944, 2nd edn., 1951); idem, Ibn Sina. Livres des directives
et remarques, traduction avec introduction et notes (Beirut-Paris, 1951); G. F.
Hourani, Averroes. On the Harmony of Religion and Philosophy, A translation
(London, 1961); J. P. de Menasce, Arabische Philosophie (Berne, 1948) (a
critical bibliography); S. Munk, Mlanges de philosophie juive et arabe (Paris,
1859), reprinted 1927) (still excellent); F. Rahman, Avicennas psychology,
An English translation of Kitab al-Najat, Book II, Chapter VI (London, 1952).
Theology
M. Allard, le Problme des attributs divins dans la doctrine dAl-Ashari et
de ses premiers grands disciples (Beirut, 1965); J. van Ess, Die Erkenntnislehre
Adudaddin al-Ici (Wiesbaden, 1966); R. M. Franck, The Structure of Created
80

Causality According to al-Asari, Studia Islamica, xxv (1966), 13-76; L. Gardet,


Dieu et la destine de lhomme (Paris, 1967); idem and M.-M. Anawati,
Introduction a la thologie musulmane, Essai de thologie compre (Paris, 1948);
M. Horten, Die philosophischen Systeme der speculativen Theologen in Islam
(Bonn, 1912); H. Laoust, Les Schismes dans lIslam. Introduction a une tude
de la religion musulmane (Paris, 1965); D. B. Macdonald, Development of
Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence and Constitutional Theory (New York, 1903)
(the sections other than on theology to be used with caution); M. S. Seale,
Muslim Theology. A Study of Origins with References to the Church Fathers
(London, 1964); H. Stieglecker, Die Glaubenslehren des Islam (Paderborn, 1962)
(a detailed descriptive account); J. W. Sweetman, Islam and Christian Theology:
I. 1. Preparatory Historical Survey of the Early Period (London, 1945); I. 2.
The Theological Position at the Close of the Period of Christian Ascendancy in
the Near East (1947); II. 1. Historical Survey of the Second Period (1955); II. 2.
Medieval Scholastic Developments (1967); A. S. Tritton, Muslim Theology
(London, 1947); W. M. Watt, Islamic Philosophy and Theology (Edinburgh,
1963, Islamic Survey Series, I); A. J. Wensinck, The Muslim Creed (Cambridge,
1932).
Mysticism
For a detailed bibliography, see G. C. Anawati, in Angelicum, xliii (1966),
153-66.
A. H. Abdel-Kader, The life, Personality, and Writings of al-Junayd (London,
1962); A.-E. Afifi, The Mystical Philosophy of Muhyi l-Din Ibn alArabi
(Cambridge, 1938); G. C. Anawati and L. Gardet, Mystique musulmane (Paris,
1961); Italian translation, Mistica islamica (Turin, 1960); T. Andrae, Die Person
Muhammads in Lehre und Glauben seiner Gemeinde (Uppsala, 1917); idem,
islamische Mystiker (Stuttgart, 1960); A. J. Arberry, Sufism (London, 1950);
R. Arnaldez in R. Arnaldez et alii, La Mystique et les mystiques (Paris, 1964),
at pp. 571-648; M. Asin Palacios, Sadiles y alumbrados, Al-Andalus, xiii81

xvii (1945-9); J. K. Birge, The Bektashi Order of Dervishes (London, 1937);


G.-H. Bousquet, Vivification des sciences de la foi. Analyse et index (Paris,
1955), a list of the chapters which have been translated into Western languages
is found in Die Welt des Islams, N. S., x (1965), 100 f.; add.:
The Book of Almsgiving, translated by Nabih Faris (Beirut, 1968); H.
Corbin, LImagination cratrice dans le soufisme dIbn Arabi (paris, 1958);
idem, Suhrawardi dAlep (m. 1191), fondateur de la doctrine illuminative (Paris,
1938) (with bibliography); E. Dermenghem, Les plus beaux textes arabes (Paris,
1951), Chapter IV, pp. 231-97, is concerned with the mystics; J. van Ess, Die
Gedankenwelt des Harit al-Muhasibi (Bonn, 1961); R. Hartman, Al-Kuschairis
Darstellung des Sufismus (Berlin, 1914) (study and part translation); F. Jabre,
La Dlivrance de lerreur (al-Munqidh min al-dalal), translation (Beirut, 1959);
L. Massignon, La Passion dal-Hosayn ibn Mansour al-Hallj, martyr mystique
de lIslam, 2 vols. (Paris, 1922) (the work, entirely rewritten and augmentaed,
is to be published posthumously in three volumes); idem, Akhbr al-Hallaj,
recueil doraison et dexhortations, ed. and translation (Ist edn., Paris, 1914;
3rd edn., Paris, 1957); idem, Essai sur les origines du lexique technique de la
mystique musulmane (Paris, 1954); M. Mol, Les Mystiques musulmans (Paris,
1965); M. M. Moreno, Antologia della mistica arabopersiana (Baris, 1951); R.
A. Nicholson, Ibn Arabi, Tarjuman al-ashwaq, ed. and translation (London,
1911); idem, The Idea of Personality in Sufism (Cambridge, 1923); idem,
Mathnawi-i Manawi of Jalaluddin Rumi, ed. and translation, i-vi (London,
1925 -37) (and reprints); idem, The Mystics of Islam (London, 1914); idem,
Studies in Islamic Mysticism (Cambridge 1921) (contains some translations);
P. Nwyia, Ibn Abbad de Ronda (1332-1390) (Beirut, 1956); C. Rice, The Persian
Sufis (London, 1964); H. Ritter, Das Meer der Seele (Leiden, 1955) (analysis
of the writings of Farid al-Din Attar, d. 1190, with bibliography); H. H.
Schaeder, Die islamische Lehre vom Vollkommenen Menschen Zeitschrift
der deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, lxxix (1925), 197-288; M. Smith,
82

Rbi a the Mystic and her fellow saints in Islam (Cambridge, 1928); W. M.
Watt, Muslim Intellectual: a study of Al-Ghazali (Edinburgh, 1962).

83

84

)*(

- )(

/
.


/ .


O /
.




)/ (
) ( /.
o

) (Theology
)( p
.

85

.

/_ ) .(
p Legal Subject - matter
)/ (
_ -
/ ) (Traditionalism ) (Modernism
.
/
o . _ /_
O
_ -
) (Jewish Law ) - (Canon Law
.
_ /

. - -
/ .
.
/ /

/ .

.

- / -
. _
: /

86

.
) (

_ . _
_ /
_ _
/ . _ _
.

:

.

/

/ .
_ .

. /
-
/_ - .
O
.
) (
/ ) - - /(
) - - /( o
/
.
.
87


) .( _ .

) .(
_ _
_ / _
.
/_
.

/ / .


. _

.

.

/ )Positive
.(Law


.
/ / _
_ _
/ . _ _
) /
(
88


.
_
)
(
_ _ : :
)) (Anglo - Muhammadan Law
/ )( (.
: ) (Droit Musulman Algerien

.

/_ .
p

. O
/
.
) /(

/
) .( _
_ _

)_ ( _ /
.


p ) (Legal
89

/ : / / / .
p
. / /

) ( .

.
/
_
.

./ /
/
_
. _
p
/

/ . /

p
/_ .
_ / _ .

.
)
() (O
) .()(Scholastic
_
90

/ .

/) .( /

) ( O

).(

/ .

r
) / ( r
_ /
.
O
p / .
o / :
)(
/ ) (Analytical Method /
) .(Analogy

. /
/ )Parataxis and
.(Association o

) .(
) (Casuistical Method /
/ .

/ .
91

) /
( / .
/ _
/ / / .


.



/) ( / /
.
/_ O
_
/
) .(Institution ) (Juristic person

) (
/
.
/ )(Penal Law
o _ .
/
/ .
;
.
.
/ )Redress
(of torts _ /
92


o

.

/ ) .(

O
r / /) (
.

/
/_
.
_ :
.

) (
.
p
) /

( .
r
r .
/ ) /
/(

.
93



/
.
_
/ .

_ ) .(
_

.

.
) (Positive Law o
_ _ _ . / )Objective
(law
/ ) .( /

.
) (Public Law .
_
) p ( .
/ _

O ).(
O / o
) .(Jurists Law
.
O .
94


) .(

_ ./
_

/).(

/ / .
_ :
)
(
.
_ .
.
_ o
) .(
/
/ O .

/ . .
/ .
: ) (Mohatra/ ) (
/) .( )) ()(Aval
(
.p Cheque
) /( Sensalis
Sensale / ) Sensal
( /
95

/ / Commenda
) (/ .

/_ /_ ) Mozarabs
/_ (
/
/ _
/) .( / /

) (
_ ) - /
( . _
. )
/( /
) (Mishnah Torah) (
. /
) o / ( :
) (/) ( /_
/ /
) .( / ).(
/
_ / /)(
) (Monophysites) (Nestorians) (
.
/
o / /
/ / . /
) ( /
96



.
_ ) (Code /_
_ _ ) /
( . _
. / ) (Civil Law
_
/ / /_
/_
O ).(

.
)(
.

Joseph Schacht

97

"
:
. .


. ) .(

G. H. Bousquet
le Droit Musulman
)(Collection Armand Colin
D. Santillana
Instituzioni di diritto musulmano

/ )
.(
Chapter Law and Society in Legacy of Islam 1st edm.
) .(Selected Works of C. Snouck Hurgronje
G. H. Bousquet
- . .
J. Schacht
.
:
. . - .

98

N. J. Coulson
)(A History of Islamic Law
I. Goldziher
)(Vorlesungen Uber den Islam

.
.
F. Arin
: - .
)(Le Dogme et la Loi de LIslam

- .
. .D. S. Margoliouth
/- .
)(The early Development of Mohammedanism
J. Schacht
- .
)(The Origin of Muhammadan Jurisprudence
/ - .
)(An Introduction to Islamic Law
:

)(Notes sur la sociologie du droit musulman

)(Revue Africaine
() .-
/:
)(An Introduction to Islamic Law
/ /
Max Weber
)(On Law in Economy and Society
J. Sachacht

99

.
._
.
)
/(.
:
J. Schacht
)(Droit byzantin et droit musulman
E. Shils
M. Rheinstein

) (

)(Convegno Volta

- /
. A. L. Udovitch

)(At the Origins of the Western Commenda

Speculum
() .-

100


p .
/
/ O
) .( _ ) ( _

)(
.
./
/
/
) .
(.
)(
/

.


/ :o O
/


) .(

/
/ ) .(
/

101

o
).(

/
/ ).(The Mirrors for Princes


/ .
.()r
_
/ /
r . o
/

) (Sui Generis ) .(
/_ /_

.

.
_ O
.
.
.
} :
{) . ().(
/ /
/_ _
.
102

_ _ /
/ . _
) (
)(
.
. _
/ _
) (

O
.
/_ /_ p
/.
/
).(
) .(

.

. _
) ( /_
.


.
/
)(
. .
) (.
103


/
. /
)) ( /( /
_ / /
)( ) .(

) p (.

).(

_
/ / / )Divine
.(Right of Kings / ) /( .
/
/
_ _ _ )
/( . o
o _
) /(
/ / ./
p /
/ /
) .( /
/ _
) .( )
(
) .( /

104

/ /
/
) .(
/
:
- .
- .
- ) o
() .(
.
) .( /
.


/ .
.
/.
) /( / /
p .

.
_
.
)(


. _
/_ )(
.
/ .

105

. _/
.


.
).(

./ _ / /
) /( _ _
. /

/ p .
/ : .
/
) .(
/ / . /
_ .
/ p


) ( ).(

_
_ /
) .( / _
_ _ .

) .( /
/ .
106

/ .
.
/ .
/_
) .(

. _
.
/ /

/
.
_ / . /
p
/ / .

) (
.

/ _

.
/
/ .

) .( _
/ / _
) .( _
. / ) /(
107

) (
/ / . /
_
.
_ / /

/ ).(
/ /
.

.
.
/
_ .
/
/_
) .( / )/ (

)
/ ( .
) / /(
. :
) (
/ /
/ ).(
) (
)
_ (
. p
108

_
_ : /
_ / _
/_
r /
_
_ /
/



/ r


) .(

_

o
.

o )(
) ( p /
_ _

) ( . _
_
. /

109

o
.
/_
p /
_).(
/
) (
/


. /
)

( .
:
/) (
/
/ ) ( /
) .( /
_
p
).(
/ _ /
. /


/ /
) ( /).(
) /(
110

/
; / .

/
) .(

) (
) ( / .
_ )Constituent
(authority

.

.


/ .

: .

).(

_

) (

.
.
/
111

.
) ( ) /(

.
)(
.
).(
)) ( /(

_ .
/_
/ .
/_

/
.
/ ) (
_ /

) .( ) (
.

. .
) ( /).(
_
.

) .(

112

) .( /
/
/ /_
) ( .
/
_
.
/
. _
/
) /( / /
) ( p
) .( /

.
)(
.()r
/ _) (
/ . _
.

).(


.
O p
:
/ /

113

) (

_ ./
) (Divine right

) ( _ ).(

_
).(
o
/)) ( /(
. /
_ / _ .
.
/ / ) (.
/
_ .

).(
)) ( /(
/_
. /

p
.
. _ /
p
. p

114

. / )
( .
) (
_ )(
/ .
. /
/
. o /
.
/
/ / .
/ /
) (
.
.
/
/
. o } {
_ .


_ ) .( / /
/ /
) (
) (

/
.
.
115

.

).(

_ /
)(

/ /
) / ( .
.
) ( /
)-- /(
.

_ )) ( /(
_ .
.

o .

./
/ _ / p

)) ( /(
/ ) . (.
/_
.
. ) /(
/ /
/ _
116

) (
/ . /
_
) (
/ ) (Politeia

/
_ / ) .(
).(
- _
.
- .
- /_ .

_

).(
/
. /
_ .
) (Active intellect
/ ) .(
/ /


_ ).(
/ /
:/ ) (Ignorant City
/ (Profligate City) :
117

./ /(Perverted City) :
/ ./
(Injurious City) : / _
/ /).(
_
) /( /
/ )/ (
/ /
/ ) .(
) /(
. _
/ / .
) /
( /
).(


_
.
. /


. _ / /

) (Controller of the World _ / )Civic
.(Man /
.
/
.

118

.
/
/ .

/
. _
.
.
/
. .

_
. ) (
.

/.
p
/ /

_
/
.

/
.
.

.

119

.r


) .(


.
. . .
A. K. S. Lambton

120

: E. Fagnan

) .(
)*(
/
.F. Dieterice .
) .(
/ ) (
Alfarabis Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle
:
) .(
: / :
F. R. C. Bagley
. . .
: /
) Book of Counsel for Kings (
_ )( : :
J. D. Lunciani
. .
) .(

)( p / _ _
_ _ _
) ./(.

121

: . / _ :
H. Kofler
..
) (Islamic ( )

: :
W. T. Thompson
. .
: .
)(Practical Philosophy of The Muhammedan People
) .(
: . :
R. Levy
:
:
) .(
)(A Mirror for Princes
/ :
:
E. Fagnan
:

)) (Le Status Gouvernementaux (
: :
G. M. Wicknes
. .:
: )(The Nasirean Ethics
.
/ : .
) C. Schefer (-
..
122

-:

. ..

S. N. Doniach
. .
Islamic Quarterly
:
) ( .-
L. Gardet
)) (La Cit Musulmane .(
/
H. M. Kerr
. . :

Islamic Reform; the Political and Legal Theories of Muhammad Abduh
)and Rashid Rida
) .(
S. K. A. Lambton
. . . /
)(Justice in the Medieval Persian Theory of Kingship
)(Studia Islamica
() .-
/ : . )(Quis Custodiet Custodes
(Studia Islamica) :
) ( .-
) ( .-
/ : / / )(The theory of Kingship in the Nasihat - ul-Muluk of Ghazali
)(Islamica Quarterly
:
) ( .-
V. V. Barthold

123

:
.( )
G. Lecombte . :
Ibn Qutayba; LHomme son oeuvre, ses idees
.( )
D. B. Macdonald . . :_/

Development of Musilim Theology, Jurisprudence and Constitutional
Theory
.( )
C. Pellat

Le Milieu basrienet la formation d al-Gahiz
.( )
H. Laoust
La Politique de Gazali

124

10
-

_

/
.
/
_

_ /
/_
.

- :

/_
/
/ .
O


.

125




) ( .
_ /_ _ /
/ /
. /

O

.

O
.

/) .( _
/ )-(
. /_
/ _
/
/ /_ / ).(

- :

/_
. o
.
/_ .


126

/ _ .
/_ / /

/
/ /
. _
.
.

) ( . /
/_ /
o
.

/_
) .(
/
. .
) (G. Bergstraesser) (
) .(
/ / /
/ .
O

o
r ) (
/ /
.
/_
127


) (Fons Vitas ) (

) (S. Munk / ) .( /
) ( )(
/_ /_ .
) ()(
) .(Barhebraeus /_ /_
O
_
_ .p /
.
/ ) (

/
. /

/ .

- :

o /_
. / _ /_

) .(

.

_ )-- /(
. /
128


).(
) (Alchemy r /
.

. /
. )(

o
/_ .
/
) ( .
_ .

/ .
/

.
)) ( /
( /
/ ).(
_ .
/ /
/ ) /
( ) ( .

/
/ ) .(

129

/ o
/ / .

p
. / /_
/_ .

- :

_ )-- /(
/_ .
_ ) .(
_ /_


. _

).(
_
o
/ .

/).(
) (
_ ) (
/
.

. _

130

. o
?

_
p
/_ . /
)Summaria
(Alexandrinorum

/ . _

).(

- :Pseudepigraphia



/ _
.o
/ )(
) (Steinschneider / /
) ( .
/ /
.
_ /_
) (Pythagoras _
()Turba philosophorum
_) .( C. E. Dubler
/ / ) (
) (Centiloquium / / ) (
131

) .( ) (
/ / / )Tabula
(samaragdina ) .( /
/)
(Korpus Hermeticum ) .(
) (Corpus Hippocraticum
. /_ /_
) (_.
/
_ / . :
/
.
/ ) (Picatrix
) ( ).(
p / p /
.
/ /
/ . /
/) .(
o
/ ) -Tankalusha (Teucer
. o /
) .( ) .(
/
/) .(

/ .
_ /

132

/ .
o
_
_
Gutschmid ).(

o ) (Arrhae
_
r
.o
) (
.
_

.
/
.
) (S. Guyard) (

/ ) .(

/ /_
.

- Universal Scholars :



/ .
/_

133

.

_ .
_ :
/_ /
) - ) (Rhazes - /( .

.

.

) (Continens /
/ ) (Ad Almansorem
/ / p .
) (Dubitationes in Galenum
p .
/
/ ) (
.

/ / _
. /


.

_
. o
) (Kant
134

/ ) .(

) .()(M.Meyerhof
_ ).(
) .(
.
_
/

).(

.


) -- /(.
/
) (
. /
.
/ .


.
.


/
_ /
r
135


) .(
/ /
.
) ( /
/ ) (Book of stones) (
/_
.
/
/
. ) ( /
.
/_

/ .
/
.
o
/
/ .
_

).(
/
o
r o )/
( .
_
r
136

/ O
/ .
/
o .
/ / /
r .

/ .
/
) .(p /_


. /

/_ .

/
o
) .(
/_ .

- : :


. /


/ _ /.
) (L. Thorndike
)The Place
137

(of Magic in the Intellectual History of Europe .



.
) (G. Sarton
/
.
_ /
/ ) .( / /
:
) ( :
) (:
/ /
. /

/
p .
/ /
O _
_
) (
. _ _

/
/ /
) (Principia _
.
.
) _ (
_
138

.
) (

:()Picatrix





/
/ /


O





/
/
.
_
/

/ / .
/) ( /
).(

_ .
139

) (Thorndike /
r /
) .(Turba Philosophorum) (
/
. _ /
/ ).(
_
o
/_ /_
/ .

/

/ _

/
.

-:

/_
p
.
/_ .
/ /
/_
/_
) .(
) .(
r
140

) (Decans )
() .( )(
) (Paruntellonta
/ . /
) (A. Warburg
/) .(
/ ) (frescoes
) (Schifanoja) (Ferrara) (

) (.

) Picatrix ( .
_ .

) _ )Haly filius
.()(Abenragel /
_ / .
/
) ( / .
) (Picatrix) (
/ ).(


o
o /_
. / ) /
( . /


141


.
) (Agrippa
(Nettescheim) ()r /
/ / ) (Occulta Philosophia

) (Brandenburg) ( .

_
/
) .(
.

.

-The Alchemists :



.
/ ) (Silvestre de Sacy) (
.
/
) (Tabula Smaragdina

_ /
) .(Hermes Trismegistus
) (P. Kraus


142


/ )--/( . )Hugh
(of Santalla
/


) ) (/
(.

) (Cosmology
) (Turba Philosophorum _
/_ /
o _ . /
o /
_
. _
).(

.
/ / p /
) .(

. _

/ ).(
.
_ _

/ .
143


/ / ) .(Cratea) (

/ O
. ) (
_ ) Zadith Filius Humuel
/ /( /_
/
) ( /
o _ _ )(

_
.

- Medicine and Pharmacology :

_


Faust o

:

/

_
)(

) (

144

/ ) (

/ o
: ?
) . (G. Madison Priest
p /
/ .
/ )(
/ ) (
o /



.
p
) .(

_
/ ) .(
/
/ . /
/ ) /
( / p .
/_
/) (Materia Medica) (/
)() (Dioscurides) (
/
.
/
145

_ .
_
) .(
_
) ( _
)-- /( .
/
.

. )Caesar E.
(Dubler
/ )Andres
.(-) (de Laguna
) ( ).(Elia Teres
/

) (
_
.
O /
o /_
.()r )(
. . ) (G. E. Browne )Max
(Meyerhof _ _/
/ .
/

.
/
146

/_
.
_
.
) ( / . / _ .

_ ) (p

.
/ _
_ .
/ _
/ .
) (_ /
.

) .(

)-- /( .

/) (
) (Liber regius ) .(Haly filius Abbas

) (Liber pantegni /
_ ) (.
/

) (
.
147

_
_ .

.
. ) (H. Schipperges
_
) .(
)/
/() .( _
) (
) (Schipperges
_
.
) (Avicenna
_ _ )--/(
_ _
.
.

.

) .( p
.
)(A. Z. Iskander) (
o
.

.
_ /_ )/
148

(Averroes /
) (Colliget
) (Bonacosa
.
) .(
_
)) ( /( )(
) .(

)) ( /( .
) (Michael Servetus ).(
_ / /
.

/
.
/
.
/
/ ) . /
(.
)(
)( .
) (
/ / /
. .
) (A.Feigenbaum . ) (J. Hirschburg

.
_
149

. _

).(Tractatus de Oculis Jezu ben Hali

. Andreas
Vesalius
/ / ) (Fabrica .
/
/ .
) (Charles Singer r_ ) (Chaim Rabin .
/
/
) .(

.

- Natural History :

. /
/ / .
/
/ .
p /

. / /
o
/
o o O )(
/ /
150

/ .
)

- (
o .
)(Alfred de Sareshel
)(Nicholaus Damascenus
/ .
) .( . .
) (J.A.Arberry .
.() )(
) (Theuphrastus /
. /_
)Cassianus
(Bassus Scholasticus _ _

).()(Geoponica
/_
) (
/ /_
.

_/_ )) (
/( )) ( /(.

/ /
. / :

.
) (
)(

151

) (Theodorus
/
)( ) (Michael Scotus
.


_
/
/ / )De Arte
.(Venandi cum avirbus /
/ ).(
/_ /
. / /
/ )
.( / /

/ ) (el Sabio
) ( / )(Lapidario
_
/).(
)
/ (
/
/ ) .(General Cosmographies
/
) /(
) .(
) /(
/) .(
/ . /
152


) (Barnacle Geese
/_
O
) .(
/
.
/
.
/ ;
/ / _

/) ( _
/ /
/ . .
) ()(J.Stevenson
. /
/ _
/_ . _
/ ) (Thomas of Cantimpr
/
) .()(Konrad von Megenberg
/ ) (Speculum .
) ( .
/ /
).(

-Geography :


.
153

/_
/
/ /
. /
. _

.
_
/
_ _
/ . /


. /
/
/

.

) (Hohenstaufen
/
/ )( ).(Roger

/ .
) (
/ . )(
) ( William .
/
/ ) .(/ )Vasco
154

) (de Gama ( /
_ ) (
. /
) ()(Piri Reis /
/ .
. . .
) (Charles H. Hapgood
o .
) (Portlano _ _
).(

/
)Geographia
.(Nubiensis / /_


p /_ .
)(Pierre Vattier
.

/ o p
) .(
_ .

) .
(.

- Historiography of Medicine :

/ /
/
155

. r
/ o
/ . /
/ /
. _ ) /(
) .(
r
) ( / /.
r / /


) (
.
/ /
) (
/)) ( /(
.
/
/
) /().(
/ /) (
)(
.
/
).(
/
) /() ( .
/ / /

156

/ : ) /
( ) .(
/
)) ( /( .
) (August Muller .
.
/ )(
) (Asclepius / ) .(
_

. / _
)-) (Peter Kirsten( )(Breslau) (


. ) (Matthias Wasmuth
/
/ ) (Grammatica Arabica

.
) (John Freind /
)History
(of Physick from the Time of Galen to The Beginning of the 16th Century
/

) .(Salomo Negri
) (Johann Jacob Reiske p

.
).(
o /
157

/
) (Johann Heinrich Hottinger
/ ) (Bibliothecarius quadripartitus
. /
) (De theologia patristica
) . (De scriptoribus arabicis /
/ )Libllus de viris quibusdam illustribus
/ (apud Arabes / )) (
(
/ .
/
.
o /_

.

M. Plessner

158

.
L. Massignon

)(Histoire general des sciences

Rene Taton

) ( .-
D. M. Dunlop
. .Arabic Science in the West

) .(
Ch. Pellat
/
)(Les Encyclopedies dans le monde arabe
/
Cahiers dhistoire mondiale
) ( .-
M. Plessner
)(la Civilta de lOriente

Giuseppe Tucci

) ( ) ( .-
L. Thorndike
.
)(A History of Magic and Experimental Science
) ) (- (.
Aldo Mieli La science arabeR. Arnoldex

159

.
/ /_ : )(Introduction to the History of science

) - (

)(U. Monneret de Villard


. _
)(Le Studio de lHislam in Europe
) .(
A. Muller
.
(Arabishen Quellen Zur Geschichte der indischen Medizin).
/_ / ) (Z. D. M. G ()
H. Ritter
.R. Walzer
.
/ /
Arabishe Ubersetzungen griechischer Arzte in Stambuler Bibliotheken
o ).(
F. Rosenthal

)(Das Fortleben der Antike im Islam
) ( .
. M. Steinschneider
)(Zur Geschichte der Ubersetzungen aus dem indishen ins Arabische
)(Z. D. M. G
/_ /
.( )
- /.

160


)(Die arabishen Ubersetzungen aus den Grieschischen
) () (Graz
/ .

M. Th. DAlverny
. . )(Avicenna Latinus


)(Archives dhistoire doctrinale et letteraire d Moyen age
).(
J. M. Millas Vallicrosa
. .
(Las traducciones Orientales en los manuscritos de la Biblioteca catedral
de Toledo).
M. Steinschneider
.
(Die europaishen Ubersetzungen aus dem Arabischen bis zur Mitte des
17 Jahrunderts).
o .
) .(
F. Wustenfeld

)(Die Uberetzungen arabischer Werke in das Lateinishe

) .(


- . .

C. A. Nallino
161


) .(

Raccolta di Scritti

M. Berthelot
.)(La Chimie au Moyen Age

) .(
A. J. Festugiere
. . /
La Revelation dHermes Trismegiste
) .(
J. W. Fuck
. / / r
)(The Arabic Literature on Alchemy according to An-Nadim
Ambix ) ( .-
E. J. Holmyard
. ./ ) (Alchemy .
/)(Alchemical Equipment


)(A history of Technology
. Ch. Singer
) - ( .-
)(Jabir ibn Hayyan

.
) .(
E. Wiedeman
.Kimiya

162

/ ) r (

. .
) ) ( (
D. Cambell
.Arabian Medicine

) ) ( (.
/ .
)(Current work in the History of Medicine

.
)(Welcome Historical Medical Library
C. Elgood
. .
)(A Medical History of Persia and the Eastern Caliphate
) .(
J. Hirsehberg
. .
)(Die arabishen Lehrbucher der Augenheilkande
o ) .(
/ .
)(Die arabishen Augenarzte nach den Quellen Bearbeitet
) .(
L. Leclerc
.)(Histoire de la medecine arabe

E. G. Browne
Arabian Medicine

163

) (.
) (.
M. Ullmann
./)(Die Medizin in Islam

)(M. Meyerhof
. - ()
A. Feigenbaum
.
)(Koroth


) ( . -
/
J. Clement-Millet
. )(Essai Sur la mineralogie
/

) .(
Ernest. H. F. Meyer
. . .)(Geschichte der Botanik

() . -
) / (.
K. Mieleitner
. / o ).(
)(Geschichte der Milneralogie im Altertum und Mittelatter
. D. Moller

(Studien zur mittelaterlichen arabishen Falknerei literatur).
) .(
Ch. Pellat
)(Hayawan

/ .
164


/ .
/)(Hadjan

/ .
H. Ritter
. ) (
)(Parute des chevaliers und die Literature uber die fitterlichen Kunste
) (Der Islam () . -
/)(Orientalische Steinbucher
/
)(Istanbuler Mitteilungen

() . -
J. de Somogyi
. . .
)(Index des sources de la Hayat al-Hayawan de ad-Damiri
)(J. A.
.
() . -
M. Steinschneider
.
)(Arabische Lapidarien

)(Z. D. M. G.
/_ /
() . -
)(Filaha
/ .
_.
F. Vire
.)(Bayzara

)(Faras

M. Plessner
)(Baytar

165

/ .

/ /.
)(J. H. Kramers
. .
)(Maqbul Ahmad

)(Fr. Taeschner

/ .
V. V. Barthold
. .
)(B. Nikitine
._
) ( / ._
. -
J. J. Krachkovski
. . .
(Istoria Arabskoi Geograficheskoi Literatury).
) (
: ) .( -
J. Sauvaget
_
)(Relation de La Chine et de LInde
) ) (/ (.
/)(Les Merveilles de LInde

/ .
)(in Memorial Jean Sauvaget
) ( . -

166

)(Djughrafiya

_
/ : /
/

.


_ _ _
_ .
/ /
/ /
/
)
/( ) ( .
_ /

_ :

.

/ / .

r o
r ()
.() / p
) -() .( o
/
/ / / :
167

.()( = + )

/ .

)) ( ( /
/ _
.

.
.
o
. ) /
() ( /
/ . /
/_ /
)
( /

.
/
.
/ .
/
_ /
) (Zij -i- Shah_
_
. p
o /
o
168

) /(.

.

. .
/
o /_
/
.r
) ( / /
) ( / _
)(

) /(.
/

) ( () :
) (Elements ) (
/ / ) (Data ) ( /
) (Optics ) ( )Appearance of celestia
.(sphere _ )(Apollonius Pergaeus
() : ) (Conics ) (
) (The sector of a ratio ) ( )The determinate
(section ) ( / )Construction of Hydraulic
.(Machines ) (Theodosius of Tripoli/
() : ) (Spherics )(
/ ) (The book of places ) ( )The book of
.(days and nights _ )Nichomachus of
(Gerasa / ) .(Introduction to Arithmatic
) () :(Menelaus )(
169

) (Spherics ) ( ) ( )The
(determination of Adulterated bodies) (
) (Elements of Geometry ) ( / ) (The book of triangles.
) (Archimedes _
_
) ( () : )The sphere and
(the cylinder ) ( )(The measurement of the Circle
) ( ) (The equilibrium of planes ) (
) (Foating bodies) ( / ) (Stomachion
) ( / ) .(Lemmata /

o .
/
/ ) / / ...(

_

/ / / .


/).(Lemmata) (
/ /
_
) (Almagest (Meton)
) ()(Eucteman
.
) (Autolycus) : /( )The
(sphere in Movement )
( ) .(The rising and setting of the stars
170

) (Aristarchus )The size


.(and distance from the earth of the sun and moon :
) (Aratus Hypsicles / )Ascentions of
.(the signs ) (Hipparchus
) (Geminus of Rhodes / )Introduction
.(to Astronomy .
) (Theon.
) (Ptolemy
)(Mathematical Syntax
) (Almagest) (
_
o ) .(Gerad of Cremona

).(

) (Manual Tables /
) (Hypotheses
) (Tetrabiblos) ( /
) (Geography / ) .(Optics
/
. / /
) (Stereo graphic projection) (/
/
/ .

.

.
/ /_
171

.
) (Conics.
/ / /
._

. _ /
/

/ :
/ /
/
/
/
.
/ /
/ . /

/
_ .
/

).(
_

/

.
_ /_ /
/ _
172

/ o
_
/_

.

/_
r /
/ . ) /(
. p
/ .r
) (Guarismo ) ( .
) (Algorism )(Algorithm
/
/ )Algortmi de numero
(indorum
.
)) ( ()Ghubar (
. /
.
/ )( . / /
_
) (Oviedo

)) (Euloguis /( / .
/ ) (Albeldension Codex
) (Vigila / .

173

) ./ ) (Cipher
O
( .
/_
) (Alvarus
. )
(
.


/
/
/.
/
.

o .p
o /
) (Mishnat ha - Middot
/ .
/ /
:
) ( =
) ( =
) ( =
) ( + =
) ( + =
) ( + =
/_ _ :
174

.
/_ ) (Alhebrista
) .(
/
/ :
- = + -
:

= + + +
/ /
= +
) + = (
o / )
( / :
= +

.
/ .
)) ( /
/( _ /
)/( )(
) (Diophantus
) ( .
/
/ ) .(Rheichenaup
/ . /)) (
( )
: _
) .(
/ /:
175

+ =
)) ( /(
/ _ . )) (
( .
)) ( /( /

.
/
o .
/
/ ) (
/) ( / .
/
/
:

/ .
)) .( /( /
o
.
/
)(

.
+ + + + =
176

+ + + + =
+ + + + + +

.()
) ( /).(
:
= ) x ( -
= ) x ( -
= ) x - (-
>
x x
x

)(
) /(
: _

) (Pierre de Fermat
_ .
/ .
/ /
:

+ + + + =
) + + + ( .()
/ /
)) .( + +
(... + :
.

) ( / /.
177

/
.
.
o
) (Verbafilorum Moysi filii Sekir
) (Fibonacci )Jordanus
(Nemorarus ) (Roger Bacon )Thomas
(Bradwardine / :
(De mensura circuli)

)(Method of Exhaustion) (
) (Hero/ /
_ ) ( p
/ / _ _ _
_ . /
) (Archytas
_
) (Eutochius .
/
/
.
/ _ )(
) /( .
/ /) (

/ /
)(
) (The quadrature of the parabola
) (The letter to Eratosthenes or Method
) .(On Conoids and Spheroids
178


o .
/ /
:


. p / /
/ ) (Cubature of the parabloid
. _

)) ( /( )) ( /
( . ) /(
/ ) (Isoperimetry _
) (
_ _
/ .
) (zenodorus /.

: _
_ _ _
_ _ /_
/ _ _ . /
) (J. Wallis ) (Playfair

. /_ / )(
) /( ) (
)) ( /( )
/(.
179

)( Astronomy

.

_ .
)) ( /(
/ . /
/ /
) (Libros del saber de astronomia
/ .

.

.
.

)
- - /( .o
.


) (
) (Saturn
o . o
o ) (Canopus )(
.
/ .


.
180

_ p
/ / ) (Algol
_ ()p
/ ) .(Mira Ceti /_
o
.
) (Etana

_ _ ) (
. Vulcan
/ _ )
.(-

):(

/
/

/
/ .
/

.
181


) (Tycho Brahe) ( ) (Progymnastica


) (Kayd .
) (Ketu


_ .
)(Uranography
r/ r ) (Calendar of Cordova
o O _ .
r )
(
. r ) r(
r


/ ) (
/ .

)
( .
/ )) ( /(
r .
)) ( /( .
. _ /_
_
_ _
182

) /( .
)
(
) (

_

.
) (
/ /
.
.

/.
.
/
.
./ /
) ( /

) ( /

. /
)) ( /
/( /

.
) /(
)(
183

/_ _
.
) ) (Gemma of Frisia) ( (
).(Astrolabum Catholicum
/ ) (
) /(
.

) .(
.
/ ) ( )
/ / ( .
/

/ .
r
) (Vetustissimus (Vetus) r ) (Novus

/ .
/

.
/
) (Antikythera )
() (Vitruvius) (
o . /
)) ( / /(
).(

184

. /
) (
/
.

.

/


.


/ / .
/
.
/
.
/
)
( o
/ .
)( / /
:


+

=
)(
) /(
/.

185

/ .
/ :
) +( = +
/ ) (Rheticus
/ / ).(Opus Palatinums d triangulis
)) ( /(
_ ):(
= =



)(
) /( :
= ] ) +( + ) -([
:

= ) - ( -
) - (
/
. _

/ _ )
/ ) (Sennero Quadrant /
( .

_ /
:

/ / .
/ /

/ o /.
_:
186

) (
.
). (Adelard of Bath) (
/
/
) (Abraham ben Ezra
) (Hogh of Santalla

.
:


/
/

) .(Theon
/

r /
.
/ /
/
./
/ )/ The probate /_ (.
_
/ .
_ / )_
(
.
187

) = ( . ) (
/
/
).(
_ _ .
/) (
.
)( ) (Donthorne
. )
/(
.

r .
_ r/

.
_ p ) (
p
) ( .
) /(
.
) (
_
.
_ p
.

/ / .
)) ( /
188

/( ) (Eudoxus) (
/.
_
) (Hipparchus
.

) (Theon /
_ )
( p
. ) (Proclus
O
.
_ ) _
/ ) ( (

) ( /
.


) ()(Solar perigee ()apogee
.
/

/ ) .(
/ O
p /
_
_ _ ).(
_ r ./ /
189

o
/
/

) ( .
_ )(.
/
./
r
o r
r r
. r
) (
r )
( .ro r
o ) ( r
.
/
/
/
p /
/ r
.
r
/ .

-Optics-



190

. _
_ ) .(




. :
.
) /(
: )(
.

)) .(

/ ().(

/
/_
. / O
. )(
) /( ) /(
/ _
) _ (
r /

.
.
) .
/ /
191

().(
/

o .
_ - :_
) .
_( - .
: _ / /.
) () - .(Empedocles) (

) ) .((Epicurus) (

.
)(
.
/ /
. ) (Frederick Risner

) .(Thesaurus Opticus /

) ) ((
/)
_ Shenkua )(
/ .
/ : )( )(

)( )( .

) ( )(
/ )(
o )() .(
192

/ .
o )(
) (Leonardo da Vinci /
) (Christian Hughens) ( .
) (
_
/ /
/ .
/ ) (
/ :
-
)
(.
-
).(Optical density

)
) Aristophanes () Pliny ().(Seneca) (
/ /
o /_ . /
O
) /( .
) /(
_ ) .
) G. B. della Porta (
Magia naturalis .(
)) ( /(
:
193

.
/ .
.
_ .
) ( .

.
) Roger Bacon ( /
)( )/(
) (
/ /
.

) (
) Caustic Curve
_ (
) (Cleomedes
).(
/
_
/ ) /( . :
/ . :
. : /

. )Levi ben
194

) (Gerson (
.

/_ _ _ .
/ /
/

) (Ripoll
.p )(Albelda

.

.

/ . )(Gerbert

Sylvester II
)) (Lupitus (Liobet /_ .
/_
.
/ /
.
) (
) .(
/ :
/

.
195

/
. _ /
_ / : Tarazona Panplona
Barcelona Saragossa .Tortosa
) (Toledo / /
_ /_ / .

/ .

) /
/
/ /
( . /
/
/
:
/ /


.
)(
) (Grosseteste) (
) (Buridan) (Oresme) (
/
.
/
.
) (
.
/ _ _ _
196

O / .

/ . )
) ( ) /(
) ( /
.
/
.Tycho Brahe
.
/ /
. /
)) (
/( ) (/
-) Simon Stevin of Bruges(.

_ .

_ :
r )Almanach
(Perpetuum ) (Zacutus
/ ) (Rojas
. / /
/ ) (
)) ( /( _
/ . /
)) (Juan de Ortega (
/ .

) Bombilli (.
197

_


)
/( .
.

Juan Vernet

198

.
.( Hildesheim
r)
A. P. Jushkewitsch . .
Geschichte der Mathematik im Mittelater
.( Basle )
E. S. Kennedy
. .
A Survey of Islamic Astronomical Tables.

Transcations of the American Philosophical Society
.- ( )
J. M. Millas
. . Assaig dHistoire des idees phisique et mathematiques a la Catalunya
Medieval
.( Barcelona )
C. A. Nallino
. : / /
.
Raccolta di seritti editi e inediti V. Astrologia, Astronomica, Geografia
.( )
O. Neugebauer
. The Exact Sciences in Antiquity o
W. Hartner
Oriens. Occidens

199

( Providence
)
M. Plessner
.Storia delle Seienze nell Islam,

) ( .
G. Sarton
.Introduction to the History of Science

) .( -
A. Sayili
./ .
The Observatory in Islam and its Place in the General History of the
Observatory
) .(
H. Suter
. .
Die Mathematiker und Astronomen der Araber und ihr Werke
) Leibzig .(

. . : .
A. Pionner Encyclopaedia of the Sciences; al Khawarizmis Keys of the
Sciences
() . -
M. Clagett
. .
- ) .(
Archimedes in the Middle Ages. 1. Arabo-Latin Tradition
)(Madison. Wisc. 1964
B. R. Goldstein
. .

200



) ( .
J. M. Millas
. .Estudios Sobre Azarquiel

)-(- .
J. Samso
.. .
Etudios sobre Abu Nasr Mansur Ali b. Iraq.
) .( -
J. Vernet
De Islam in Europa

.(
) Bussum
On the Theory of Trepidation
)(Centaurus

. .
Un Asstorlabe Carolingien et Lorigine de mot chiffres arabes
()
Archives Inernationales dHistoire des Sciences
C. H. Haskins
. . .
Studies in the History of Medieval Science
) . .
.(
. P. KunitzschArabische Sternamen in Europa
.
.( Wiesbaden
)
J. M. Millas
. .M. Destombes

201

.
Las traducciones orientales en los manuscritos della Biblioteca Catedral
de Toledo
.( )
J. Vernet
La ciencia en el Islam Y Occidente _ /

Settimanc di Studio del Centro Taliano di Studi Sullalto Medioevo, XII
(Spoleto, 1965) pp. 573-576.

202

/)(

_
/
)(
/ .

/
/ ) ()(Intervals
) ()(Tetrachord species :
o
o
. /
/ /
o /
/ /_ . /
)( /
/ .
/
/_ .
p /
/ )(
.
/ / _
) / ( _ / .
O .
/ /
/

p /_
. _
/ / /
203


/ .
/ ) /(
_ /_ /).(
/ /
/
/ / _) ( .
/ )(
) (Ethos _
)
/ /
)) Theory of the Spherical propagation of sound
( .o / /
: ) /( )
/( . /
/ /
/ /
/ ) .(
/
/
. / .
/ _
/ )) (Chronos protos
(
/ . _
) (Rhythmic cycles
/ )) ( /(
.
)(
) /(
204

_ / /_
. / / / .
:
) (
) .(
/ ) .p

( / /
) (
.
) (
/ o
) (Notes
/ /_ /_
.
) .(
/ _ _ _
/ /_
.
/ ) /(
/
) (Farmer )) ( /
( . /)) ( /
( )) ( /
/( . /
/ .
/
.
_
205

/ /
.p /
/
/

) .(
. /
/ /
/ /
/ / /

/ .
/_ /

/
/ .
/ _ _
/ .
De Scientiis ) - / () (
) (De Ortu Scientiarum
/ . / /
/ _ / /
/ ) (De divisione philosophiae
)) ()(Gundisalvi - (
/
/_ . /
/ Jerome of Moravia )
/ /( / )De
(Musica
206

/ ).(De divisione musicae secundum Alpharabium


/ / /
) / /( .
/ ) (Quatuor principalia musicae
)) (Simon Tunsteds ( . /_
) (Opus tertium
) Roger Bacon ( .
/ )Margarita
/ (Philosophica ) (G. Reisch
/ .

. /
_ / ) (Musica speculativa/
) (Musica activa .
.
/
o _ )Inter omnia
(exercitia sanitatis cantare melius est
) Walter Odington (
/ ) .(De speculatione musice
o Engelbert
) ( / ) (De Musica
) .(Musica humana /
/ ).(

/ /
) ( .

/
207


/ .
_ .
) Odo of Cluny (
Buc Re Scembs Caemar Neth
U(c) Iche Kaphe Asel Suggesse Nar
/ . )
( _
.

. /
) De mensuris et discantu / (
/ / _
/ ) (elmuarifa/ ) .(elmuahym
/ /
) (mensural notation /
/ )/( ) .(

/
/_ . _
_) .( /
) (mensural notation
/ p ./
/
_ )France of) (
(Cologne
) .( ) (Gregorian Chant
/
/ .
208

) (Rhythmic modes
) (mensural organization
/ / .
.

/_ :/ elmuarifa/ elmuahym
/ _ _
.
) (Hocket) ( ).(
/ / /
.
/ /
_ )-- /(
.Kalonymus ben Kalonymusp
/ )) (Saudya Gaon) ( /
( / /
.

/_ / / .

/ / /
/
/ p
/ /
/ / /-
/ / / -
.
/ o
/_
209

/
/ /_ _

/ / . /_
)-- /( /
/ _

_ .
/_ _ / )
) /( ) /(
) /( ) /()(
/
_ /
/ / _
_ _ /
.
/ /
.p /_
_
o _
p / /

_
/ .

.
_ _ /
/ /
.
210

/ /
/
/)) ( /( . /)) (
/(
/
_ ) ( /
.
/
/ ) (Diatoni Scale

) ( .
/ .
) (
) (Time units
O . /
/

/ .

. /
/
/ / /
/)) ( /( .
/ /
.
/ / _
/
) ( .
/ - )(
211

) ( /
_ / _
/ .
/
).(
/ /
/
) (
) /(
. o

/ /
/
/ /
) /( _
) (
/.
/
) /( /
/ /
/ ) (
/ )Octave) (
(Scales

) (Tetrachord ) (Pentachord
_ ) (Intervals .
/
) .( /
o .
212

_ _
. /
/
.

/
) (tonic /
) /
( . / / o
) (Horizontal combinations _
.
_ o
.
o
/ /p

/
. /
o /
/
.


)( / /_
.
/ /

/ / /
.
213

/ .

Rhythmic Cycles/
) / /( _.

) ( .
)( ) ( . /

) .( + + + + /
) o O
_
) (Syncopations .
/
/ / /
/ ) p (
/ /
/
) (Suite) ( )

(
/ _

_
. / )(

)( . / )(
_ .

_ .
214


.
/
)(Octave gamut

. _ o

/.
) (notation
) (
/
o /
. / ) (Vocal Music /
/ /
p
. /

/ . /
/
.

/ . /
_ .
) .( :
) r ( ) (
) - ()- /(
)
( ) (
/_ _ .
215

_

.

) (Chahartar ) .( ) (/) (
_ / .
/ /
. _ :
.
) ()(Ghizhak
/ .
/
) .(Open Strings) (
/) .
( ) () ( ) .(Harp
) ( .
_ o
.
p /
) Tambourine ( _
_ .
/ )
( . /
.
/
/
.
/

216

.
/
/ .p

p


/ / .

/
_ ) (Shawn
. /
p /
: / /
) (Cymbal ) (Flute .
/ /
.
o
_
/
/ / )
( _
/ / .
.
_
/ /
/_ _
/_ .
/ O /
217

/ / .
/ )
( )) ( /( /
. _ /
/ o
. / : ) (Nigar
)( :
.
) ( . /
/
/
/ /
) .(
/ /
/ /
/ ) .(dhrupad
/
.
_

/ .
/ . /
_ /_ /.
/_
_ .
/ ) (Joinville
) (Cors sarrazinois) ( /

/ .
218

/
/ /)(
.
/
) .(Zurna) ( ) (Baglama)(
) (Saz .
/ _ .
/
: / ) (Guitarra morisca )(Adafe
) (Albougue ) (Anafil ) (Atabal )(Laud
) .()(Rabel

/ ) (Canon ) (Naker )(Lute
) .(Rebecp / ) (Hydraulis
/ /

).(
p
/ /
. /
_ / )
( .
/ /
. / / p /_


/
/ /
. /
r/
219

_ /
. o /
/
_ /


.

/
) (Anejir) ( ) (Leila )(Zambra
Gaita
) (Pendero) (
/ /
/ _ ) (Ministrel Class
/) Morris ( /
) (Ars de palsatione lambuti/
/ (-)
/) (Instrumental tablature) (
/
/ )Cantigas
.(de Santa Maria / /
_ )
( _

/ .
.
O. Wright

220

" "
" :
./
) (- .-
/ / /
) (.
:
M. Barkechli
.:
/
)(La Musique traditionnelle de LIran
) .(
A. Berner
.: / / /
/ .
(Studien zur arabischen Musik auf Grund der gegnwartigen Theorie und
Parix in Agypten).
) .(
N. Caron
.:D. Safvate
.
/ :
)(Les Traditions musicales: Iran
) .(
A. Chottin
._
R. dErlanger
La Musique arabe

221

/
)(Tableau de la musique maracaine
R. dErlanger
./
)(La Musique arabe
/ :
H. G. Farmer
. / .
)(A History of Arabian Music to the XIII Century
/-) . (
_ ) (
) (
/ - / .
)(Islam
/ : )(Musikgeschichte in Bildern
/
: .
)(Music des Mittelatter und des Renaissance
) ) .(
)(The Music of Islam
/ :/ /_ : ) .(
)(New Oxford History of Music
H. Hickmann
./
: :/ .
(Die Musik des arabisch islamishen Bereidchs; Handbuch der
Orientalistik, Erste Abt. Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten, Erganzungsband
IV. Orientalische Musik).
) .(
222

./ / /.
)(La Musique arabe, Encyclopedie de la musique
(Lavignac
)
) .(
p /_ :
H. G. Farmer
/
(Historical Facts for the Arabian Musical Influence).
) .(
/ : /)(Saadya Gaon on the Influence of Music
) .(
J. Ribera
)(La Musica de las cantigas

) .(
M. Schneider
. : ).(
)(A proposito del influjo arabe en Espana, Anuario Musical
O. Vrsprung
. / / /
/
).(
(Um die Frage nach dem arabishen bzw. maurishen Einfluss auf die
)abendlandische Musik des Mittlelaters, Zeitshrift fur Musik Wissenschaft.
J. Rouanet

223

224

"

) ( : :
.
/ : _) ./(
) ( r )./(.
) ( ).-/(
) ( / /
/ . / o
:
. . A. J. Haywwod / .(Arabic Lexicography) . ) .(
. S. Wild . _ / )(Das Kitab alAin and dei arabische Lexikographei
) .(
: ) (G. Weil
)(Grundriss und system der attarabishcen metren
.
.
) (Arud /

:
)(Trait de philologie arabe
. H. Fleisch ) (o )./(
_
_ / .
.
) ( /_ _
.
. .
. /_
/ ) . ) .(/(.
) ( / ) ./(

225


) ( . R. Sellheim r o.
)(Die Klassisch arabisehen Sprinchworter Sammlungen
) .(
. ._ D. S. Goitein .)(The Origin and Historical Significance of Present Day Arabic Proverbs

() .-
) ( /:
. F. Gabrieli
/ .
) ( :
/ / r
. /
. /
. .
/
) ( . . G. E. Von Grunbaum .
/
)( A Tenth Century Document of Arabic Literary Theory and Criticism
G. O. S. Durby .
. . /
)(Some Early Difinitions of Tawriya
.
) (
: ) (Ibn Khaldun in Egypt . . W. J. Fischel
) ( .
) (
_ .
Islamic Culture

)"(

)/ ( / ) :
( : .
)"(

) ( : W. Hoenerbach :/
Introduction to his edition:
/ ) .(
)(Die Vulgararubische poetik, al-kitab al al-atil... des Safiyaddin Hilli

226

"
) ( /
/
) ( .
:
) .() /(
) ( :
. /
) .(
)./(.
) ( _ / :
I. Melikoff
..
/ ( (La Geste de Melik Danismend) .
) ( _ :
/ _ / ..
. /.
) : . ).(/(.
H. Ritter
) ( .
) ( ) .(
(Das Meer der Seele, Welt und Gott in den Geschichten des Fariduddin Attar).
) ( : ) /( .
.
. /
. /
.
/ : :
) .(
) ( . .
/ ) .(
(Studies in the Arab Theater and Cinema) J. M. Landau
) / .
.(

(Turkishe Puppentheater) O. Spies
) / (
/ . : . . :
o : .
) (

227


(Rendiconti della accademia nazionale dei Lineei, Classe dscienze mor., Stor. e. filol).
:/
) (Le theatre Persan, in li Shiisme imamite -
/ .
(Travaux du centre dEtudes Superieures specialise dHistoire des Religions de Strasbourg).
) ( : _

.
/ .
: / .
) ( : / .
. .
.
/ : /.
: / )./(
) ( / /_ :
: .
) ( :/ r
_ /
/_ / /
. .
) ( / / .
. .:
)(
.
)The Origin of the Book of Sindbad) B. E. Perry
) ( . .
) (Fabula ) (
_ .
) ( : : : / /
. .
N. Abbott, A ninth-century Fragment of the Thousand Nights, Journal of Near Eastern Studies,
VIII (1949), 129-64
.
M. I. Gerhardt, The Art of Stroy-Telling (leiden, 1963).
) ( :r .
)"(

) ( : ) (Hermannus Alemannus

228

"
/
: . / : . F. W. Bogges
(Journal of the American Oriental Society) : ()
.
) ( Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra :
) ( / .
/ /.
/ _ _ .

. .
/ )(Don Quixote
.
o
.
: / ) .(
: .
_
)./(
) ( .W. Hoenerbach :
) Cervantes und der Orient .(
) ( : . .
_ ) ( .
. : .
.
.
.
: .
) ( : : . . M. S. Stern
_ /
/ /
/ ) ( .
.K. Heger. p
.
)(Beihefte zur Zeitschrift fur romanische Philologie (Tubingen 1960

E. Garcia Gomez :229


.
) ( / r . L. Ecker .
/ / ._ .
)(Provenzalischer und deutcher Minnesang
/ .
/ /_ _ /
/Minnesanges :
) ( / O O
/
.
/ :
) ( ).-/(.
) ( Tristram ) (Tristan
. .
. /
. .
) (Morholt .
:
. ) (Iseult / / . /
/ .

/ .

.
.
.

.
.
/ .
) ( : : . . R. F. Schroder /
_ . () .-
)(Germanisch-Romanische Monatsschrift
/ ) (H. Masse / / _ ) .(
/ . - / _ /

230

"
: . (S.Singer) : / (
)) (Germanisch-romanisches Mittelater .(
) ( : ) /(

.

.
:
)./(
) ( ) (The Parzival /
. / / )./(
) ( : . . ) (H. and R. Kahane . )(A. Pietrangeli
The Krater and the Grail / .
) (Urbana .() /
/ . / /.
. ) (M. Plessner
/ /
) (Medium Aevum .
) ( ) :(Hermias /
. . /
/ . Isagoge
/ . r


.
: / r .
:/ :
: ) ) .(/ (
) ( / Esteric Philosophical Sciences : /
)./(
) ( ) (Near East /

)./(.
) ( : . H. Schwarzbaum : / / _
) (Sefarad ()
() () () .

231


: . E. Hermes )(Die Kunst vernun ftig zu leben
) .( . ) (A. Cutler
) (.
) ( : . J. Kritzeck : )(Peter the Venerable and Islam
(N. Princeton Oriental Studies)
/ . . .
(Daniel, Islam and the West ).(
) (/ : / .
/ : / /
: . .
/ /.

) ( )./(.
) ( / .
)"(
) ( : E. Cerulli "
. ) . .(
IlLibro della Scala e la questione delle fonti arabo-espagnole della Divina commedia, studi e Testi cl (Vatican
)City, 1949

: J. Munoz Sendino :
) La Escala de Mohoma .(
) ( _ ) ( .
_ / .
/
.
/

:/ / /
.
:/ ) ./(
) ( / :
. : .
._ :
) ./(
) ( / _
_ . /

232

"
:
: / _
_ ) ( ) (
/ / .
_
/ O .
: ) . ( . :
. .
) ( : : .P.) .
(B. Smith: Islam in English Literature
. C. S. Chew The Crescent and the Rose
.
) ( : E. Littman / /
) ( .
/ . / )./(.
/
.
)./(
) ( : ._ K. Mommsen ) (Goeth und 1001 Nacht_
. / .
:
:
/ . /
. _ . /.
)"(

) ( West-Ostlieher Divan
.
/
) ( : . . H. H. Schader : )(Gtoethes Erlebnis des Ostens
/ Der Osten in West
Ostliehen Divan . B. Beutler
.
: _ /
o / _
.
Sitzungsberichte der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften Zu Berlin, Kl. fur. Sprachen, Literature
un Kunst

233


. . H. G. Bousquet : Goethe et :
lIslam ) (Studia Islamica () .
) ( ) :(Ruckert / _ .
.
.
: / .
) ( : )(Near East
) ( : / /
/)./(.
) ( : . . .H. A. R. Gibb .

)(The Influence of the Medieval Islamic Culture on Europe
)(Bulletin of the John Rylands Library
) ( .

) ( Orthodoxy :
/ . : / Websters New Collegiate :
)() Dictionary/(.
) ( : / /
) ./(.
) ( .
)"(

) ( ) ./(.
) ( G. Anawati : )(Philosophie religieuse de lIslam
)Filosofia e (Vita () .
) ( ) ./(.
) (
) ( ) ./(.
) ( :
) ./(.
) ( : _
) ./(.
) ( / ) ./(.
) ( :
) ./(.

234

"
) ( : / .
:
) ./(.
) ( : _/ .
: ) ./(.
) (
) ./(.
) ( : . L. Gardet . . M. M. Anawati .
) ( - :- / : .
. Sergius .
_ / /
/
/ _ .
:/ ) ./(.
) ( : ) /(
_ ) / .(
)"(

) ( . O
: ...
_ /_ /
. :/ ) ./(.
) (_ )( - p
/ .
.
. . /
/ .
/ .
. /_ ./
/ :_ ) ./(.
) ( - :
)( /

/ ) ./(.
) ( / : ) (G.Anawati

)(Philosophie arabe ou philosophie Musulmane

235


)) (Melanes Chenu ( /.
:
) ( / ) ./(.
) ( / ) (Themes
) ./(.
) ( / :
/
o . :
) ./(
) ( / p
. / /
) ./(
) ( / : / /
/_ .
_ _ _.
/ / / .
.
) :/ ( / /
: .
r ) ) .(/(
) ( Creation in time/ .
) ( : /.
) City ( / / ) ./(
) (p /
/_ :

.p p )
( /_ o :
o .

.r
) ( : _ _ )
( . _
/ :
. .
) ( : o r

236

"
. ...
/ ...

.
/
. .
:
/_ .
: _ _ .
) ( : /
/ .
/ _
_ ...
/
_ .
) ( _ ) . /(
) ( : )/(
) ( : ) ./(
) ( : )/(
) ( :
.
.
.
: / _ ) (
) ./(
) ( :
/ :
.
:
.
: / /
) ( :
. /
/ / / / .
: / _ .
) ( : / /

237


.

/ /_
. / ) ./(
) ( /_
o .
.
: : ) ./(.
) ( / .
. /
/ .
: : :/
) ( .
) ( / :
: ) ( .
) ( :
. .
:
: /.
: / / _
_ :
) ./(
) ( : .
/
/ /)./(.
) ( / / / / .
)"(

) ( : Wensinck
) (The Muslim Creed . . :
Gardet-Anwati )(Introduction a la theologie Musulmane
.
) ( : .
)(
/ .
. /
/ . /
) (

238

"
/ ) ( .
.
: / .
) ( /
/ ) ( . .
o )/(
) ( : .
. o
.
. / . .
.
: / .
) ( :/ : / ) (
) ./(
) ( / .
) ( / .
) ( / .
) ( : / /
.
) ( / .
) ( / .
) ( : /
.
/_ .
/ .
_
) ./(
) ( / o :
p / _
/ . ) ./(.
) ( /
/ ) ( )/(
) ( :
/ /
/ : / /

/ _

239


)./(
) ( / .
/ ) ./(.
) ( ) : / ( r .
/_ . . :/

/ /)./(
) ( / /
/ . o
. /
.
)/(
) ( : .
/ . .
. .

. /
/
/ . _ /
/ . /
.
) ( : : _ .
) ( : _ .
/ . / .
. / :/
/
.
/ .
) ( / /.
: Anawati, Caspar, Khodeiri
/ : / )Vne Somme inetide de theologie mutazilits, Le Mughai du
(qadi Abdal-Jabbar
. )(
.
)(Mlanges de lInstitut dominicaine detudes Orientales du Caire
) ( : /_ /) ./(

240

"
) ( . :

/ /
O _
.
/ ) ( ) ./(
) ( : .
/
. p / .
/ .
: . / ) ./(
) ( : / . / /
_ . .
/ / /
. :
/ ) (
) ( .
) ( : ) (/ ) ./(
) ( / ) . (
/ :

) ./(

) (

. .

... ) ./(
) ( / /
.
) (
_ ) ./(
) ( : / _
/ /
/ . : /

_ ) ./(
) ( : . p
/ .

241


:
) . /
) .(/(
) ( :
:/
/ / ) ./(
) ( : / .

/
)./(
) (_ Palacios
De Deo uno /
/
/ /
. _
) ./(
) ( / .
/ /
/ . )
( _
/
/
) ./(
) ( :
Anawati-Gardet Mystique musulmane .
)(Louis Massignon
: / /.
/ /_
/ :
: /
/ .
: .
/ : .
: / .
r : .
: / .

242

"
: / .
: / .
: .
: ) (.
:
.
: .
: .
: .
/
/ .)/(
Vedanta
) (:
o .
/ .
. / :
o ) ./(
) ( ) ( )./(
) ( ) ( ) ./(
) ( ) ( ) ./(
) ( ) ( )./(
) ( ) ( ) ./(
) ( ) ( ) ./(
) ( ) ( ) ./(
) ( ) ( ) ./(
) ( ) ( ) ./(
) ( ) ( ) ./(
) ( ) ( ) . /(
) ( ) ( )./(
) ( ) ( ) ./(
) ( ) ( ) ./(
) ( ) ( .
) ( ) ( .
) ( ) ( .
) ( ) ( (.
) ( /
. / / :

243



. ) ( .
_ /
/ / . ) ( .
) ( ) ( .
) ( .

.
) ( )./(
) ( o :
r
) ( )./(
) ( / : r / r
/_ ) ( ) ./(
) ( ) ( ) ./(
) ( ) ( ) ./(
) ( ) ( .
/ .
/ p ) ./(
) ( r .
O p )./(
) ( ) ( .
/ o /
)./(
) ( Clarity of God / ) ./(
) ( r O
/) ./(
) ( /
) ./(
) ( /
O
: :
.

o
/ / . .

244

"
:

.
.
) (
/
. / )./(
) ( Censors p / /
/ .
) (/ ) ( .
) ( : . /_
/ . / . .
/ : /
/ .
/ .
) ( .
: () .
)/(
) ( / ) ./(
) ( / : )./(
) ( / :

) ./(
) ( / : / ) /(
) ( :
.
. .
.
: )(
) ./(
) ( :_ .
. .
/ /.
r

.

245


_ .
r _ _
.
/ /.
.
/ )./(
) ( L. Massignon : _ ) .(
) ( / ) (The official teaching of the Community :
) ./(
) ( :

. )./(
) ( :
p / ) ./(
) ( / : p.

: ) ./(
) ( / ) ./(
) ( : .
/ .
/
) ) .(/(
) (
/ /
.
/ ) ./(
) ( r /
.
. : .
)/(
) ( . :
) ./(
) ( / ) /( : /
/ .
p
: /

246

"
. . /
) ./(
) (/ : /
. p / :
/
.
: / / .
/ ) ./(
) ( : / .
_ _.
) ./(
) (/ : .
/ ) ./(
) ( / )
( . .
_ .
/_

p
)) .(/(
) (/ : /
:/
.
: ) ./(
) ( : .
.
/ _ .
/
) ./(
) ( : : ) ( ) ./(
) ( By official islam .
) (
.
) (
_ ) .(
)/(

247


) ( :

.
/ )( ) ./(
) ( :
/
p .
) (R. Chidiac .
: / .
) ( /

.
: ) ( .
) ( :

_

_ ./
) ./(
) ( /
/
. :
:
/
/ .
: : ) /(.
) . /(
) (_

. _ p
.
.
) . /(
) ( / /
r _ .
/ o.

248

"
_ / )./(
) ( : / .

.
/ / /_ .
.
: /
) ./(
) ( :
/

) ./(
) (o )(Agathodemon
_ /_
. r
. :
) ( .
) ( ) ./(
) ( )(Empedocles
/ ) .(.
/ ) ./(
) ( p

.
: ) ( .
) ( _
. ) (Mazda

/ . ).(Mathra
o.
: ). /(
) ( .
. :
. / .
/
.

249


/
.
/
. .
/o
:

/ /) ./(
) ( ./
r : / r r

: /
_ _
_) ./(
) ( _
.
) ( :
.

.
_ : .
) (
... / o
/ ...
:
. ...
/
. / . :
.
.
/ ) (
) ./(
) ( / ) ./(
) ( ) (To know himself /

/

250

"

.
) ( ) ./(
) (
/:
)( .
. /
/

.
.
/ .
:

. /
. ...
.
) ( .

) ./(
) (
) ./(
) (
) ( /
_ _ ...
.
/ .
:O
_ / _...
.
.
:
.

/.
) ./(

251


) ( / The Defenders of the faith : )./(
) ( o
.
)(Classicisme et dclin culturel dans lHistoire de Islam
)(R. Branschwig
) (G. E. Von Grunebaum .
) ( ) (Official/
) ./(
) (Animism) ( /
. _
/
. /
) ./(
) ( /
/ ) ./(
) ( :
.
/
.
.
: )./(
) ( / /
_
/ ) ( _
.
/ : .
) ./(
) ( /
.
: ) () ./(
) ( _ R. A. Nicholson
:
.

/_
) ./(

252

"
) ( ) ./(
) ( _ :
M. Steinschneider


Die europaischen Ubersetzungen aus dem Arabischen bis Mitte des 17 Jahrhunderts.
)_ .(
C. H. Haskins
. . Studies in Mediaeval Science )
.(
. M. De Wulf Histoire de la Philosophie Medievale
.
. . U. Monneret de Villard _ .
Lo studis del Islam in Eruopa nel xll enel xlll Secolo
) .(
G. Thery
.: _
/ ) .(
(Tolede, ville de renaissance medievale, point de jonction entre la philosophie musulmane et la pense
)chrtienne
. .G. Vajda
.

)Marc de Tolede traducteur dIbn Toumart
) (Al. Andalus () .
M. th. dAlverny
. . .
(Notes sur les traductions mdivales des oeuvers philosophiques dAvicenne).

/
)(Archives de lhistoire doctrinale et littraire du moyen age
() .
) ( /
/ ) (Haskins ) :
( .
) ( /_ /

253


) ./(
) ( /
/ .
p )./(
) ( /
) (Domunicus Gundisalvi .
o ) (Raymondus Martinus _ Pugio Fidei) : Explanatio
(Symboli : /
.
/ /_
/
.
.
.
) (Summa contra gentes
/_ _ )Loque ntes in legs
(maurorum _ )
( .
:
Salman (d): Algazel et les latins, Arch. Doctr. et lit.
Moyen age, 1935, Bd, 10, S. 103 ff.
Palacios (Asin): Un aspecto inexplorado de los origenes de la theologia escolastica, Bibliotheque
Thomiste, t, ll, 1930, S. 58.

_ / _

._
o
O
._ .
..
_ o
Raymondus Mattinus :
Miguel Asin Palacios, Huellas del Islam, El Averroismo Teolegico de Santo
) ( .

254

)/(Tomas de Aquino pp. 11-72, Madrid 1941.


U. Moneret de Villard

"
_ /
/ .
) ( /
) ./(.
) ( : r /
.
: .
) ( :r .
) ( : .
) ( .
p r
p / ./
.
) ( Augustinism _ .
/ _ . .
.

. _ _ :
. p

/ . _ / ) ./(
) ( : )) (D. Gundisalvi (
/_ .
/ .
. /

.
) (De inmortalitate Animae )De Processione
(Mundi / /
. ) (Di Visione Philosophiae
.
_ ) ./(
E. Gilson
) ( .
/ .
Les Sources greco - arabes de Laugustinisme avicennant
. ) ( .

255


/ / _?
?Pourquoi Saint Thomas a critiqu Saint Augustin
) ( .
) ( :
)(Many elements of his Technical equipment
p / /
/)./(
) ( : Gilson
Avicenne et le point de depart de Duns Scot
() .
) ( . G. Furlani
.
Avicenna eil, cogito ergo sum, di cartesio
)(Islamica

() .
: . .
Rivista degli studi Orientali
() ) ./(.
/ / /
/ : )/(
) ( . de R. Vaux _
Premiere entre dAverroes chez les Latins

Rev. des Sciences Philosophiques et Theologiques
() .
) ( / / _
)/(
) ( /

The theological Averroism of St. Thomas Aquinas
: :
.
.
/ .
/ /_ .
/ .

256

"
/
/
.
/
/ /
. / . /

/ / / /
.
: / .
) ( / / /.
: ) ( ) ./(
) ( /.

) ( .
) (
/
)(History of Christian Philosophy in the Middle Ages
) ./(
) ( .
) ( )/(
) ( . P. Mandonnet

(Siger de Brabant et laverroisme latin au xllle siecles).
) .(
:
. F. Van Steenberghen

)(Siger de Bradant dapres ses Oeuvres inedites
) .(
/
(Les Oeuvres et la doctrine de siger de Brabant)
) ( :
: / .()
) (
)(Aristotle in the west. The Origins of Latin Aristotelianism
) ( .

257


) ( . M. M. Gorce
.

)(lEssor de la pense au moyer age. Albert le Grand - Thomas dAquin

) . ) ( .
) ( .
. .
/
) ./(
Renan
) ( :
)(Averroes et laverroisme

) ( .
) (Quakers :

.
/
.
: )( Fox, George
/ ) ./(
) ( . . A. R. Pastor
)(The Idea of Robinson Crusoe

) .(
M. Asin Palacios
) ( _

)(La Escatologia Musulmana en la Divina Comedia
) .(
) (Harold Sanderland
)(Islam and the Divine Comedy
.
) ( E. Cerulli :
/
IlLibro della Scala presunta fonte arabo - espagnola della Divina Commedia
.
.
A. J. Denomy
) ( . .
: .
Fin Amors : the pure Love of Troubadours, its amorality and Possible Source

258

"
)(Mediaeval Studies


() .
/ : :

) .(
) (_ : /.
La espiritualidad de Algazel y su sentido cristiano
) .(
)(El Islam cristianizado
/ :
.(
) ( : p
/ .
/ / /
) ./(
) ( _ :

)(Un precurseur hispano - musulman Saint Jean de la croix
)(Etudes carmelitaines

() .
/ :
Al-Andalus

) ( .
)(Obras Escogidas

_ ) ( .
) ( _ :
.
) ./(Un preecurseur Hispano - musulman de saint Jean de la Croix
/

. /
/ .
_

. /
)(Il Islam Cristianizado

259


_
/) ./(

) ( /
. /
/ /)./(
) ( .
) ( /
_ /_

/_ .
/_ /
/_ )/(
) (/ /_

) ./(
) ( ) (Turbulent /
.
_)./(
) ( /
O / )./(
) ( / _ /

_ _) ./(
) ( r . o
/ ) ( :
) ( : / ) (
) ( . / p
/ /

/ / .o /

/ ) (
/ )(
.

260

"

/ / /)./(
) ( / / ) ./(
) ( /
/ . /
/
/_ .
) ./(
) ( / p
) ./(
) (
. .
/_

. / /

) ./(
) ( .
. _
/ .
) (David de Santillana
) ./(
) (/
) ./(
) ( : /
/ / ) .r/(
) ( / p
) ./(
) ( p
_ / _ .
r p .
r / . _
/ / . / ) (
. ) ( /
_
/

261


.
:
/ .
:
) .( /
H. A. R. Gibb, Islamic Society and the west, vol. 1. pp 26-38
)(London 1967
)(Caliphate and Sultanate
)"(

) (
.
/
/
/.
.


/ / .
/ :
/ /
.

/ / /.

/ .
_ . /
/ ./
/ p
o . / :
: ) ( .
:
) ( ) ./(
) (
_
/ /
.

262

"

p
) ./(
) ( ) (Retaliation .
/ .
/ _ /
.
) (Fine
) ./(
) ( / /
_ _ / .
.
_ _
.
/ / .
/ o
) ) .(/(
) ( )./(
) ( / .
.
.
. } :
{ } :O / { . :
/_
:/ / .
/ /_ /_
/_ .
/ /
.
)"(
) (/ /
/
_
)
(
) ./(
) ( /

263


. .
.
.

/_ ) ./(
) ( . /
o
_ ) ./(
) ( : /
.
/
.
/ o o
.
/ ./ .
. / / /
o
/ . .
.

) (
_ /
_ _
. /
) ( Aval .
) ./(
) ( : / .
. / ./ /

/ . ) () ./(
) ( /
/ / _ . ) (Guillen rubles
/_ .
) (Angel Genzalez Paleneia
.
)"(

) ( : / .

264

"
) ./(
) ( : .
/ / )./(
) (/ : )./(
) ( .
) ( / _ S. D. Goitein /
) (/ : _ / . / /
p .
/ )) .(Jacob Baradaeus/(
) ( :
_ _ _ /) ./(
) ( _
.
) ( . / _ .
_
) ./(
) ( / /
Theology .
p )
/ ( O /
/
_ /
_ ) ./(
) ( ) (Society ).(The Community
/
_ ) ./(
) ( ) (The Church
/ /_ ./
./ _
) ./(
) ( / /.
)"(

) (:
. . .

E. I. J. Rosenthal
)(Some Aspects of Islamic Political thought
)(Islamic Culture

265


() .
) (:


The Law, in unity and variety in Muslim Civilization
G. E. Von Grunebaum
: . . .
) ( ) ./(
) ( . . . H. A. R. Gibb
)(Al-Mawardis Theory of the Caliphate
/
)(Studies on the Civilization of Islam

Stanford J. Shaw

William R. Polk

) ( )./(

/ :

) ./(
) ( .
)(Its basis is justice rather than right religion
)"(

) ( .
) ( :

)/(
) (
.
.
.
.
:
/

)/(
) ( _

)./(

266

"
) ( :
:
:
:
: /

.
_
/ / /
. )./(
) ( : .

. _


.
_ _.
:/ ) ./(
) ( ) (Constitutional .
: .

r /

/_ )./(
) ( :
_
) ./(
) ( .
/ / . .
) ) (/(
) ( . J. Obermann
: .
)(Political Theology in Early Islam; Hasan al-Basris Treatise on Qadar
.
)(Journal of the American Oriental society
() .

267


) ( / : /_


) ./(
) ( )./(
) ( /

) ./(
) ( B. Lewis

)(Islamic concepts of Revolution
.
)(Revolution in the Middle East
P. J. Vatikiotis
. .
) ( ) ./(
) ( / :
/_
/_
.

/_
) ./(
S. S. Goitein
) ( / : . ._.
) (A Turning Point in the History of Muslim State

)(Islamic Culture

() .

) ( / / .
)/(
) ( C. Pellat :
)(LImamat dans la doctrine de Gahiz

) (Studia Islamica () .
_ / /_
.
: :

)(La Nabita de Djahiz, un document important pour lhistoire politi religieuse de LIslam

268

"
.
)(annales de lInstitut des Etudes orientales, Algers
) ( .
) ( C. Pellat

)(LImamat dans la doctrine de Gahiz
) ( / .
: /)./(
) ( / : /
)/(
) ( .
)(Le Livre de la couronne attribue Gahiz
: /
.
) ( / /
.. / .
/ )./(
) ( / ) . /(.
) ( . . . H. A. R. Gibb
_
.
)(The evolution of government in studies on the civilization of Islam
) ( _
. / _ /_ /_
. o
} { ) ( )(
)"(

) ( _
/_ / / /_) . : . :
_ () .(
H. Laoust, la Classification des sects dans la Fargd, al Baghdadi, Revue de. Etudes Islamiques,
.- ,() XXIX
) ( /
) ./(
) ( /
: . /
) ./(

269


) ( / :
_
) ./(
) ( / O
.
) ( ) ./(
) ( / /
/
/
) .(
_ .
) ( / / /
/ :
)( :
_ : .
/
o ...
/ .
) ./(
) ( /
/ .
)./(
) ( /
.

_
/)./(
) (/ :
) ( / .
/ /
/
_ / /
. /
} {
_ . / /
)./(
) ( ) ./(

270

"
) ( /
_


.
/
/ )./(
) ( .
) ( . . . H. A. R. Gibb
)(Al-Mawardis Theory of the Caliphate
/
.
)(Studies on the Civilization of Islam
/) ./(.
) ./(
G. E. von Grunebaum
) ( . .
)(Medieval Islam

) ( .
) ( /
/ /

/

O
. _ o
/ /



) : ) (( .
) ( :
_

/
/ . /
. p / )
(
)./(

271


)(Al-Ghazalis theory of Islamic Government
L. Binder

) (:
.

)(The Muslim world

() .
) ./(
) ( / :
. _
. _ /
)./(
) ( : /


/ p p .
/ /
/
.
) (Ibn Giamaa /
)./(
) ( Von Grunebaum
.(Medieval Islam) /.
: :
) ( .
Islamica : :
.
/ :

/_
.
/
/_ ) ./(
) ( : / :
. .
. .
.
/ : o

272

"
.
) ( :
.
.
: ) . /(
) ( : /
.
: ) () ) . /(
) ( / .
_ _ :
/
.
/ ) ./(
) ( :

... / /
.
/ .
_ .
.
/ ) ./(
) (
.
. :

.
:/ .
)/(
: / .
) ( : H. Laoust
.

)(Essai sur les doctrines sociales et politiques de Ibn Taimiya


) .(
/:
)(Le Trait de droit public dIbn Taimiya

) .(
) (

273


/ .
)./(
) ( : . . A. H. Dawood
_ .
)A Comparative Study of Arabic and Persian Mirrors for Princes from the Second to the Sixth
(.century A. H
) ( /
:
/ /_
p .

.
) ( ) ./(
) ( /
: ) ./(
) ( : . . R. S. Zaehner

The Dawn and Twilight of Zoroastrianism
.
) (
:
)
( .
/ / .
.
/ .
) ( / .
.
: : ) ( ). /(
) ( / :
.
. /
. / .
/ / .
.
/ : ::
) ( ) ./(

274

"
)/ ( /
. . . H. A. R. Gibb
Harold Bowen
.
)./(
) ( : :
. : /
. .
.
/ / /.
) ./(
) ( : p .
/ .

.
/ / /
/ . .
:
:
) ./(
) ( / /
/ ) (

: / / .
) ./(
) ( :
... _
/ / ) ./(
) ( :
/ .

: / / / /
.
/ )./(
) (
/_ .
Islamic Society and the West

275




. .
/ ) . /(
) ( : /
.

. .
/ )./(
) ( : /
. / .
/
/ ) ./(
) ( ) : ( .
/ / :
. ) (
)() ./(
) ( :_
:
: )(.
)"(

) ( :
p

/ .
. /
) ( ) (Classical
. ).(Romantic
/ / o) ./(
) ( M. Mahdi :
)(Alfarabi, in History of Political Philosophy

L. Strauss
: .
J. Cropsey
.
E. I. J Rosenthal
) ( . .
)(Some Aspects of Islamic Political Thought.

: / ) (

276

"
)./(
) ( / / :
/ )( _

. /
: / )./(
M. Mahdi
) ( :
.
) ( / /
. :
. .
/ / .
/ .
p .
/ . : /
/ / ./
. .
/ .
/
/ / . p /
p / p p
.
.
: : / .
: / p ) ( ) ./(
) ( : .
) ( / /
/ .
) ./(
E. I. J. Rosenthal
) ( . . .
)(Political Thought in Medieval Islam

( .
) ( ) /(

.
)(The Trojan Horse
) (

277


/
) ./(
) ( : J. Schacht
) (The Law .

) ( )(Sir Ernest Barker



The Legacy of Islam

/ .
) ( /
.Islamic Spain . .
: / Arabiyya/ p
.
) (
) ./(
) ( :
r _
) ./(
) ( ( - ) : / .
/ - -
)./(
(Einfuhrung in die semitischen Sprachen).
) (
. .
: . ).(G. Strohmair

)(Mitteilungen des Instutut fur Drientforschung
- . -
) ( .
/_
O )./(
) ( : .
/ / .
.
: . : / ) ./(
)(Melanges de Philosophie juive arabe
) ( ) .(
)(W. Montgomery Watt

278

"
/ ( - ) - / /
/ )./(
) ( - p /
. / /
.
/) ./(
) ( - ) : - /( .
/ /
. .
/
) ./(
) ( - ) : - /( p
. / - / -
/
. _ .
)"(

) (
.
)(Stellung der alten islamischen Orthodoxie den antiken Wissenschaften
) o ( /
.
:
)(Theologus Autodidactus

.
J. Schacht
) ( :

)(Remanques sur la transmission de la pensse Greque aux Arabes
)(Histoire de la medecine

() . -
J. Ruska
) (
/ .
)(Arabische Alchemisten. 1. Halid Ibn Jazid ibn Muawija
) (alchimistes _ _ )(chimistes
/ /
.
I Goldziher

)"(

) ( : .

279



. .
/) ./(
) ( - ) Nestorius :( . _
/ r .
/
. / _ _
.
)./(
) ( : /_
.
/ .
: / /
/
) ./(
) ( / ) (Griffini
) (Rivista digli studi Orientali
. /
/ . / p
. :
.
)(The Defense of Medicine in the Medieval Moslem World
. -
)(Bulletin of the History of Medicine
) ( J. Ruska
:
.
) ( . K. Opitz
)(Die Medizin in Koran
. . A. J. Wensinck
/ / :
.
) ( .
_ Hunain Ibn Isshaq .
Under die syrischen und arabischen Galen - Ubersetzungen.
.
G. Bergstrasser

280

"
) ( /:
_ ) ( .
Hunain Ibn Isshaq und seine Schule.
G. Strohmaie
) ( .:
)(Hunayn
/ _
.( - ) Max Meyerhof
) ( :
/ . ._
.
/_
) ./(
) ( E. Galen : ) ( o
. p .
_ :
/ )./(
) ( M. Meyerhof :
o .
Von Alexandrien nach Baghdad, Sitzungsber der Preuss. Akad. der Wiss.
: . H. Gatye _ . -
)(Gott. Gelehrte Anzeigen
) ( (Max Steinschneider) :
) ( - / / _
_ /_ _
. :
)(.Zur Pseudepigraphischen Literatur insbesendere der geheimen Wissenschaften des Mittelaters) (
)"(

) (Der geheimen / .
)"(

) ( :
_ .
) ( /:
Martin Plessner
.
_ : .
Der olkonomzko des neupythagoreers Bryson und sein Ein fluss auf die islamische Wissenschaft.
) ( :
/ / / .
() . -
J. Ruska
)(Turba Philosophorum

281


.

.
)_ (

) ( :
/
. /
/ ) ./(
) ( / .
:
) (Johannes Hispanensis _
)./(.
) /
( : / .
)"(

) ( :
/ .
/ ) ./(
J. Ruska
) ( :
P . kraus
.
. -
M. Plessner

)(Balinus
/
) ( . : / ) (Hirmis
/
).(
) ()./(
) ( . J. Bidez . F. Cumont/
/ .
)(Le Mages hellenises, Zoroastre, Ostanes et Hystaspe dapres la tradition Greque
.
: / . /
/ . /
o) ./(
/ O
/ ) .(Regi Magi

282

"
/ /
/ ./
)./(
) ( : ) - - /
( .
)./(
Thorndike
) (:
. p
.
.
) ( : / . -
)(Ibn Wahshiyya
: . . ..
/ () -
.
(Ibn Wahssiyya in Mediaeval Spanish Literature). Isis.
)( . p
.
. /
o) ./(
D. Chwolson
) ( .
/ o )Uber die Uberreste der altbabylonischen
(Literatur in arabischen Ubersetzungen
)( .
. M. Plessner
.
)(Der Inhalt der Nabataischen Landwirsechaft
)(Zeitschrift fur Semitistik
) (
M. Levey
.
: .
)(Medieval Arabic Toxicology, the Book of Poisons of Ibn Wahshiyya
. .
) ( - r ). /(
) (
)(Die nabataische Landwirsehaft und ihre Geschwisterl

283


/ .
) (Keline Schriften . -
D. Pingree
) ( .
.
The Thousands of Abu Mashar.
. r .
)"(

) ( p : .
Fragment relatifs a la doctrine des Ismaelis, notices et Extraits.
. -
: I. Goldziher /_
.
Die Richtungen der islamischen Koranaus-legung.
: Y. Marquet / .
)(Ikhwan al - Safa
P. Kraus
) (
M. Plessner

/ .
. M. Plessner / . -
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft.
) ( /
.

/
) ./(
) ( P. Kuaus S. Pines
/ .
) ( Isis . - p
_ ) (O. Temkin . -
:
_ . /
/ / / ) ./(
) ( / ) ./(
) ( /
) ( .
)(M. Plessner

284

"
/_ : /
.
- . -
) ( J. Ruska -
/ .
.
: .G. Heim .r
) (Al - Razi and Alchemy Ambix
. - p (M. T .
) (M. T. Danechpajouh .
.
) (Quellen und Studien . -
) ( )P.
(Kraus . :
Epitre de Beruni contenant le repertoire des ouvrages de Muhammad B. Zakariya ar - Razi.
) ( : . . ) (D. J. Boilot / .
) (Patonjali . ) H. Ritter ) (Oriens
. ) (S. Pines .
) (T. Gelblum .
) ( _ _

) ./(
) ( o
. _ /

. .
_ .

) ( . . M. Y. Haschmi .
Die Griechischen Quellen des steinbuches von al-Beruni
() . -
Annales archeologiques de Syrie
) ( M. Meyerhof .
Das vorwort zur Drogenkunde des Beruni
) (Quellen und studien . /
/ /.
)(Bulletin de l,Institut dEgypt
. -

285


) ( /
. /
/ /
/_ . /
) ( A. Abel :
/ .
La Place des sciences occultes dans le decadence
: r
. -
/.
) ( ) (Isis () . -
) ( :
-
_ .
. )./(
) ( / /
p ) ./(
) (
r ) . - /(
)(Ritter
) ( :
) -_ ( .
/.
/ /) ./(
) ( : . -
) ( /
/
. -

) -
. - -
) ( .
.
) ( / ) (
) (Ambix () . -
) ( . .
/ ) (Abu Mashar

286

"
. : /
.
)"(

R. Lemay
) ( .:

) .(
) ( /_ .
_
.
/ .
_
_ ) ./(
F. Boll
) ( ..
). (Sphaera
. W. Gundel
)Dekane Und Dekansternbilder (1936
) ( .A. Warburg :
) (Gesammelte Schriften () / :
)(Die. Erneuerung der heidnischen Antike
r - . -
) ( ) (Paolo dAncona
.
) ( : .D. Pingree :

)(The Indian Iconography of the Decans and Horas
.
)(Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Istitutes
() . -
) ( .D. Pingree :
/ )Ibn abi I.Ridjal
: ) /(
_ .

. /
) ( : /
. )( )( .
. .

287


/ .
. /
)./(
) ( ).(
) ( .
_ . )(Evely. S. Procter
. .
)(Al fonso of castile, patron of Literature and Learning
) ( ) :r ( /
. /
.
/ : / / .
Johann Hartliebs
) (
)(Buch aller verbotenen Kunst
/ .
).(
Dora ulm

) ( Robert Bisler /_ _
r / / The Royal Art of Astrology
/
()
.
) ( :
/ _ .
/ ./
)"(

) (

)(Neue Materialien zur Geschichte der Tabule smaragdina
der Islam () .
) ( / ) ( /
.

)./(.
) ( /
/
: : )./(
A. Siggel
) ( : .
M. Plessner

288

"
.
)(Decknamen in der arabischen alchemistischen Literature
)_ .(
) ( . ) (O. Houdas / . ) (M. Berthelot
.
)(La Chemie au Moyen Age

.
) ( : /_
. :/

) ( .
/
_ _
/ .
: : )./(
) ( /_
o) ./(
) ( . . .
)(La Chemie au Moyen Age
) .(
) ( .
) ( .
) (/ : / /_
/ .
) ( . B. Lewin
)(Akrabadhin
/
) ( ) ( .
) ( / Materia Medica :
.
) ./(
) ( (Dioscurides) :
/ . _ ) ./(
) ( :
p /
/ .
p .

289


.
) ( .
) (_ ) ( / _
_ _
_ / .
/ :_ .
) _ .(
) ( /
) .(
)(La Materia Medica, de Dioscurides, Transmission Medieval renacentisa
)
.
/() ./(
) ( . J. Ch r. Burgel .
)(Die Wissenschaftliche Madizin im Kraftefeld der Islamischen Kultur
) (Bustan .

) ( /:
/ ) . _(.
) (
) ) .(/(
) ( ) : ( .
. . /
: /
)./(
) ( _
.
) ( )_ .(
C. Elgood
) ( . .
/ ) (Ali. b. Al-Abbas _ )
/( /
_ )(
.
: ) ./(
) ( / .

/ .

290

"
: )./(
) ( .
)(Die Assimilation der arabischen Medizin durch das lateinische Mittelalter
) ( .
: . ) (F. Gabrieli .
)(La Medecine araba e la Scuold di Salerno
Salerno ) ( .
) ( ) (Saul Jarcho
.
)(Guide for Physicians by Isaac Judaeus translated from Hebrew
/ ) (Bull. Hist. of Medicine ) (
.
) ( /
) (Francesca Lucchetta:
)(Il Medico e filosofo bellunese Andrea Alpago, traduttore di Avicenna
).(
) ( /
) . ( .
) ( . J. Chr. Burgel ) (Averroes contra Golenum
o ) ( ./
)Jacobus
) (Mantinus ( ) Jean Champier .(
) ( : o
/
. : r
.
)./(
) ( ) : /(


/ p .
)"(

) ( : _
) .(
The Medico-Philosophical Controversy between Ibn Butlan of Baghdad and Ibn Ridwan of Cairo.
) ( : ) /( /

291


.
)(
.
) ( J. Schacht :

Ibn al-Nafis, servetus and colombo
Al-Andalus .
) ( :
/ / .
_ . / _
.
)./(
) (
)(Wellcome Historical Museum
.
) .(
) ( F. Rosenthal :
.
Das Fortleben der Antike im Islam
) ( .
) ( )( /
o /
) (Aristotelis opera ) (
. . J. A. Smith . . W. D. Ross
) (The works of Aristotle / .
)"(

) (
/_ _ .
)(Notes sur les Philosphes arabes connusdes Latins au Moyen Age
.
)(Melanges de L. Universite st. Joseph
) ( : . . ) (B. Z. Wacholder
)(Nicolaus of Damascus

.
) .(
) (H. H. Drossaart Lulofs
. .
.
M. Bouyges

292

"
)(Nicolaus Damascus on the Philosophy of Aristotle
/ .
) ( . ) (
p .
) ( ) : .(
.
)./(
) ( J. Ruska . ) ( .
: .
)(Archiv fur geschichte der Natur wissenschaften und der Medizin
) ( .
) ( . R. Lewin : / )( /
) (

. _
/ .
: .
) ( : /
. /
. /


p p.
/ )./(
) ( : .

. /
/ /
. /
) ./(
) ( : )(
/
/ / .
: . ) (F. Vire Bayzara /.
C. H. Haskins
) ( . .

293

)(Studies in the History of Medieval Science


) ( :
.
: .
.
) (Rivista storica italiana )(Frederico II et la cultura Musulmana
) ( .
) ( : .
/_
.
)(Las Siete Partidas

: ._ ) .(
F. Gabrieli

)/(

) ( . . . (J. F. Montena) .
) (. . o.
.
/ /.
) .(
The Natural History Section from a Ninth Century Book of Useful Knowledge.
/
)./(
) ( / /O / .
.
. p
. /
_ _
)/(
) ( : /
/
p / /
) :(
: /
.
:
.

294

"
:
) ./(
) (/ : /
/ / .
:
.
) ./(
) ( . : :
) ( )).(/(
(Das Buch der Natur von Konrad Megenberg
) (
. F. Pfeiffer
) .(
) ( ) (Bibliotheca Mundi ) (Vincentii
) (Bellovacensis / / / Speculum Quadruplex
) ) .(/(
/ / )(Vincent de Beauvais
)"(

G. Oman
) ( .
)(al-Idrisi
/
) ( / / .
O
/ ./ / :.
_ . _ ) ( .
R. F. Tooley
) ( . .
Maps and Map Makers

.

)(The Arabs and Mediaeval Europe
) ( . / ) (Ibn Majid
/ / /
_ :
/
/ p .
)"(

) ( : _
.

295


.
. / /
. /
) ( . F. Babinger / ) (Piri Reis ..
:C. C.. Hapgood
/ o .
)(Ancient Knowledge of America and Antarctica
/ ) ( .
Actes du XE Congres International d, histoire des sciences (Itchaca, 1962).
) ( ) G. Viet
: / ) .(

)(LEygpte de Murtadi Fils du Gaphiphe

) ( F. Rosenthal ) (Oriens )(
)Journal of the American Oriental
(Society
() .
) ( :r )./(
) ( . I. During o ) .(
) ( :
/
/ .
_ /_)./(
) ( / : / /
/ . . :
/ )./(
) ( : . S. M. Stern
/ )./(.
: /
/ _)./(
) ( /
/ ) /() ./(
) ( : / :
) /( :
/ /
/ )./(
) ( . ) R. Blachere .(

296

"
: M. Plessner ) (Rivista degli studi orientali
) ( ) ./(
. _
.
.
) ./(
) ( )(
:
.
) ) ( ( /
/ .
. / :
) ( /
/ / /.
)"(

) (/ /
/ . : . J. Lippert
.
. . ) (M. J. Degoeje
Deutsche Literaturzeitung
/ )(
: . . ) (C. F. Seybold/ /
) (Z. D M G : /
H. Suter . : . . ) (A. L Kapp ) (ISIS )
.(
/ /_
. /
/ ) ./(
) ( :
/ . /
/ .
/ _ / : /_

.
: J. Vernet / )Ibn Abi
) (Usaiybia/(
) ( : . /

297


/
.
) ( . ) ./(
) ( :
.
) ( : / /
) Wroclaw/(
) ( : J. Fuck
)(Die arabischen studien in Europa

M. Plessner

)(Medizingeschichte in unserer zeit

) (
) ( :
.
_ / . /
. _
.
.
/
.
/ .
)(Deserizione dell Africa et dell cosi nol-abiliche quivi soxo
/ / .
: .

. /
.

/ J. Fabricus .
_ /_ . :
) (Leo Africanus / :/
: ()
() ) ./(
) ( . - :
() .

298

"
).(
) ( . :
)(
) ( / .(Jaun Vernet

. .
) ( / /
/ _
o p )./(
) ( :r .
) ( : . R. Le Tourneau Al-Biruni /
)./(
) ( ) : /(
. .
p . . :
/_
/ / . . /
) ( / Autolycus
Aristarchus Euclid Apollonius Archidedus Hypsicles
Menelans Ptolemy /
.
) ( ) : /( /
.
/ / . :
/
/ / .
)./(
) ( : :r :
.
) ( r
p .
) ( :r .
) . /(
) ( / ) (Lemmata /
) .( / .
.

299


/ - / .
)"(

) ( /

. ) ).(/(
) (
.
.
/ ./
.
/ :
. _
_ .
:_ : _ .
). - /(
) ( _
/
/ )./(
) ( / . :
) ./(
) ( _ .
.
: )./(
) ( : ) /
( ) .
(.
) ( :
/ .
) ( : .
.... ....
. / .
/ -
).(Arabic Numerals
: : :
.
. )./(

300

"
) (
_
p
p ) ./(.
) ( : )
/( . : / /


.
: :
/ )./(
) () : ( .
.
. / .
/ . /
/ / . ::
). - /(
) (/ : /_ .
:
/ .
:r )./(
) ( ) ( )./(
) ( : _
/ .
/ / /
) /( :
/ .
/ ) ( )./(
) ( : ) _( ) /(
_ .
) (
/ : /
/ .
: )./(
) ( :

301


) (
:
/ /

_.
) (/ .
: ). - /(
) ( ) ./(
) ( : :
) (
: / .
. /.
)/(
) ( ) (. ) .(
- ) ./(
) (
.. ) ./(
) ( ) - /(
.
/ / / /

.
). - /(
) (
: =
= = = .
= = ) ./(
) ( : ) /(
.
.
/ . -
) ( / ./
/ _ .
: )./(
) ( :
/
:

302

"
. -
)"(

) ( :
/ .
/ . : ) /(
.
: / .
: .
.
: ) . - /(
) ( / /
/ _ _ _
/_ .
: - )./(
) ( / /
/ :
= ) -( ) -( ) -(
=
= .
: ) ./(
) ( /
.
) ( ). - /(
) ( / :
/ / /
/ ) ./(
) ( /
) (J. L. Heiberg
.
/ )./(
) ( :
/ / .
: /

.
: ) ./(

303


) ( :
. :
/ /
/_
_ .
- )./(
) ( / :
.
: )./(
) ( / ) ./(
) ( ) ./(
) ( /
.
: ) ./(
) ( - / - :(
_ .
.
:
.
_
.
.
.
: .
) ./(
) ( .
o .
/ _
.
/ / - ) ./(
) ( .


: ) (
) ( ) (.
: ) ( . -
: . ) ./(

304

"
) ( / _
/ / _ .
/ / / .
/ /
.
/ / - ) ./(
) ( /
.
.

.
.
) . - /(
) ( ( - ) : O .
_
/ _ O
.
/ .
)(Astronomiae instauratae Progymnasmata
) ( : : /

/ .
: .
. :
: )./(
) () : ((
.
/ .
.

. ) (
_ .
. / )./(
) ( )) = ( - -(
. p / .
:

305


/ /
)./(
) ( :
. ) ./(
) (/ :
) ./(
) ( / /
:
- : .
- / : .
: .
-/ .
/
) . - /(
) ( : / ) ./(
) ( :
_ _ .
_ .
/
/ .p
_ _ _.
/ / _
_ .
- / ) W.
(Hartner / / )./(
) ( /) ./(
) ( ) ./(
) ( /
- _ )./(
) ( /
/ -
/ ) /(
. _ :
/ /
.
: / ) ./(

306

"
) ( : ) (Vitruvius Polio, Marcus
/ . ) (De Re Architectura
)./(
) ( ) : /(
. / / .
.
) ( :/ : .
) ( - ) : - /(
:/

O ) ./(
) ( :
. .
.
.
/ .
/
/)./(
) ( : .
. :
) ./(
) ( / )./(
) ( : /
p _
/
:
.
: : ) . - /(
) ( / .
/
. .
/ ) ./(
) ( : _ /_ /
. _
_ . .
. / /

307


)./(
) ( / _
_
.
/ :
/ / /
. :
p . : /
_ .
_ . .
_ _ _.
: : ). /(
) ( / /
.
/ /.
: : ). /(
) ( : / .
) ./(
) ( / .
.
) ./(
) ( : ) /( / .
. : /
/ .
) ( :
. /
.
/ )./(
) ( ) : .( .
.
) ./(
) ( : .
/ :
/
_.
: / )./(
) ( ) (Kinematics :

308

"
) ./(
) Solar perigee ( .
/
) ( ) ./(
) ( _
.
.
_ : .
: .
) (
/ . .

)"(

) ( :
. / ) ./(
) ( r
)./(
) (
/ / :
) ./(
) ( .
: ) ( ) ./(
) ( : _
. _
_

.
: ) ( )./(
) ( ) : /(.

. / .
/
:
/ .
: : ) ./(
) ( :

309


. .
: / .
/ /
. _
.
: )./(
) ( :
) ./(
) ( .
. r .
:r .
) ( : . .
_ . / /
. /
.
: : .
) ( / _
p ...
/.
: : .
) ( _ :
) : _(.
: .
: .
:
: :
.
: / .
.
: : . .
) ( :

)
. /
(.
/ ) . /(
) ( :

310

"
_
_ /_ p
p .
: : ) ./(
) ( .
/ / )./(
) ( : .
) ./(
) ( / :
/ . )./(
) ( : . ) ./(
)(Plinius Secundus, Gaius
) (
) (.
. /
) () : (

. / )./(
) ( ) ( _ .
/ )( .
) (Magia naturalis
.
/ / p /.
)"(

) ( ) : / ( .
.
.
. :
/ )./(
) ( Heaven : . ) .//(
) ( ) / (
_ . .
/
) ( ) : ( .
. /
. _ _ :
.

311


/_ )./(
) ( :
)
( . / _
_ _ . )(
.

.
p .
: : )./(
) ( ) : /( . .
. /_
/ ) ./(
) ( Levi Provencal Garcia Gomez
.
Sevilla a Comienzos del Siglo Xll.
) ( ) (

.
)./(
) ( ) (

)./(
) ( ) : (
/_ /
)./(
) ( :
/ . /_ .
/
.
: : ) /(
) ( ) : /( /
.
/ _ _ . /

. /

312

"
) ./(
) ( : / .

.
: _
)( .
/.
: : )./(
) ( :
. /
) ./(
) ( / .
/
) ( : . /
o / .
) (Baza .
) /( . :
/ /
.
: : . /
) (
) ./(.
) ( _:
) (Quadrivium /.
) (Trivium / ) ./(
) :Interval ( _ _
_.
: : / / ) ./
/ / )( .
) ( ) :(Tetrachord / .
/ . / .
/ )./(
) ( _.
) ( : . /
. /_ /
. / . :

313


/ /
/.
:r ) ./(
) (_ : .
:
(Fret, Fretting).
.
/ /
/ ) ( )./(
) ( / .
. o p
/ . .

. o
.
/ )( .
H. G. Farmer
) (
)(The Music of Islam
/ /_
/
)(The New Oxford History of Music
) ( .
) ( : _ _
/ . /
. / : / / /
. )
( . _
) .(
) ./(
) ( : / .
_ / .
p .
. _ _ / _
_ / )./(
) (
.
_ / .
) (

314

"
/ . :
: .
: .
: .
: .
: .
) ( : + /
/ /
)./(
/
.
/ .
:_ : / ) ./(
) ( / : /
.
. ...
/ .
:

.

(
)
/ .
: /
: . ) ./(
) ( : _ . /
.
_
.
/ / )./(
) ( / :
/ / . / /_
. .
:
.
/ )./(

315


) () : /( /
. /
/)./(
) ( /
.
/ .
/ /.
. / .
: :/
.
: / _ ) ./(
) ( ) : / (.
. /
/_ .
. : /
/ / /
.
/ p .
_ . /
) ( ./ )Dominicus
(Gundisalvi . )Domingo
(Gonzalez ) (Segovia . /_
/
. .
: . ._ ) . ( .
)"(

) (/ / / . _ _
.
) ( / :
) (Allahs Sonne uber Dem ) (Abendland Unser Arabishes Erbe
: r
/
... / .
)(mensural notation
/ .
/ /.

316

"
/ /
/ ) (Arte mensurabilis /.
/
/ / /.
: .
: ) ./(
) ( .
_ /
/ o )
( . /_
_ _
/ /_.
) ( : / /
/ / ) (Ars Cantus Mensuralibus
/.
: . /
) ( . O. Strunk / Source Readings in Music History
) ( .
) ( :Hocket / .
) Robert de Handlo (
.
: ) ./(
) ( _ )qat( (trancatio (vocis
/ ) (Hocket )
( /
.
) ( : p _
.
/
. / / /
/
/ /.
: : / ) ( .
)/(
) ( _
/ :

317


_ _
.
_ _
/ ... /_ /_
. :/
/_ o

.
/
. o .
/ .
: ) ./(
) ( / ) : / ( /
. / /
.
)./(
) ( ) /( ) : / ( r
/ . : _
. / ) ./(
) ( )(
) ./(
) ( Ornamentation / /
. . _
.
: / .
/
) ( / / :

.
/ : : . )./(
) ( / ) : / (.
/ .
_ . /
. p / )./(
) ( /
/ ) /(

318

"
. / ./
/ /
) (Quarter tones System/
. _ _
.
: / ). /(
) ( /
.
) ./(
) ( : / /.
/ . /
/ o / / .
/ . /
. /
. . .
/ . /
/) ./(
) ( / / .
/ :
. :
.
: / ) . /(
) ( _
. / :
.
/ /
). /(
) ( / : .

/ )./(
) ( )(Suite
_ /) ./(
) ( / .

. /.
/

319



. : .

/ .
/ /
/.
: .
) ( / /
:
)(.
/ / )(.
)(.
/ )(.
)() ./(
) ( :
/ / . _
. /
_ .
/ . / /
.
.
.
: : / ). /(
) ( .
. :
/ ._ ) . /(
) ( : o
o .
.
) ./(
) (/ : .
: ) ./(
) ( :
. .p
.
: / .

320

"
) ._ ( )/(
) ( / : ) ( .
. .
) ./(
) ( : o .
) ./(
) ( :
_ ) ./(
) ( ) / (
. _
/_ _ . :
.
:
: .
/ )./(
) ( .
) ( / /
) ( /
/ / .
) ( / .
)./(
) (/ :
)./(
) ( : ) ./(
) ( : :
. / / .
.
.
/ / ._ )./(
) ( : . C. Sachs /.
)(Reallexikon der Musikinstrumente
.
) ( / / .
.H. Hichmann

Die Musik des arabisch islamischen Bereichs


/ .

321


)(Handbuch der Orientalistik
: :/
)) (Orientalische Nusik .(
: / ) (.
) ( :
/ .
: / ) ()/(
) (p / Pendero p
.
/ ) ()./(
) (/ Morris :
)./(
) ( / / _

/ _
/ _
.
) ( . /

322

" :

/.
/.
.

.
.
)-
(.
)-
.(

/_ / _
.
/ _
_

/ Islamic

.Encyclopedia





.

"
:
._
.
-

323

.
_
.
_ / .

.
.

.
/
.
.

_ .

- .
/
.
/
.
.
.
.
" :
.
- .
-
324

/ ) ( ) ( _
.
_
.
/ .

/
.
/ : /
/
_.
: )(
-.
/ /
o.

325

326

de

.
) /(
/ .
/ /


/.
o

_


/ _.

.
- -


_ /_.
/ O

o /
/
/.

You might also like