o Agil Haykal o M.

Hilmy Fawwazy o Hilda Permatasari o Arlisya Tika Affandi o Rizkha Farida o Ziyad Syauqi Fawwazi

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Colloid is a mixture of two heterogene phase of two substance or more, which particles of colloid-sized dispersed into another substance

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The Difference of Colloid, Suspension and Solution

Properties
Type of mixture Type of dispersion Particles size Phase Filtering Observe Stability

Solution
Homogene Molecular dispersion <1 nm Still homogene Cant be fiiltered` Can only be seen using electron microscope Stable, not separated

Colloid
Homogene Solid dispersion 1nm 100 nm Heterogene Can only be filtered by permeable paper Can only be seen using ultra microscope Stable, sometimes separates

Suspension
Heterogene Solid dispersion >100nm Heterogene Can be filtered by normal paper Can be seen with normal microscope Unstable, separated

example

Urea solution, sugar solution, salt solution

Milk, cheese, rice

Mixture of sand and water

Solid Sol : sol within solid dispersion medium

alloy, ruby glass, black pearl

Sol : sol within liquid dispersion medium

paint, ink, starch in water, mud

Smoke : sol within gas dispersion medium

dust in the air, particulate in smoke

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gel : emulsion within solid dispersion medium

jelly, cheese, butter

emulsion : emulsion within liquid dispersion medium

milk, mayonnaise, cream

Liquid aerosol : emulsion within gas dispersion medium

fog, hairspray

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Solid foam : foam within solid dispersion medium

foam, rubber, styrofoam

Liquid foam : emulsion within liquid dispersion medium

mixed egg-white, soap foam, carbonated drink

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Importance of Colloids to Daily Life

Industry Food: cheese, butter, milk, mayonaise Cosmetics: Cream, toothpaste, soap Paint Household: soap, detergent Farming: pesticide, insecticide Medical: penicilin

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Just Examples Of Importance of Colloids in daily life . . .

Properties of Colloids

Tyndall effect
Brownian movement

Absorption Colloid Electrophoresis Coagulation Dialysis

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I 1869, Tyndall erved t at en a bea of light is allowed to ass through a colloidal solution, the path of light gets illu inated. It occurs because light is scattered by particles present in colloidal solution.
ecause the first person who observed and announce this triviality to the world is Tyndall. This pheno enon called Tyndall Effect

Look at the bootle...

The intensity of the scattered light depends on the difference between the refractive indices of the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium. Greater the difference, greater the intensity of light.

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There are continuous collisions between the colloidal particles and molecules of dispersion medium which are in constant motion by kinetic energy to colloidal particles by striking it from all sides. This produced zigzag movement of colloidal particles. The zigzag movement of colloidal particles is known as Brownian movement

Robert Brown

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Suppose . . .
This black point is the collisions place imagine that every blue (or violets?) square is represent a molecule of the dispersion medium The black straight line is constant motion of colloidal particle, when it collide with molecule of dispersion medium, it will stike make a zigzag movement

Footnote: hope you understand

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Adsorption of substance or ion on colloid surface. Adsorption property used in process of:

y Sugar bleaching y Norit y Water purification

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Fe(OH)3 colloid has positive charge because its surface adsorb H+ ion, so it has + charge. Because of same charge, Fe(OH)3 will repel each other so the colloid particles will not gather.

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Examples
As2S3 colloid has negative charge because its surface adsorb OH- ion, so it has - charge. Because of different charge, As2S3 will repel each other so the colloid particles will not gather.

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The movement of colloidal particles under the influence of electric field is called Electrophoresis. When an electric field is applied across the colloidal solution, the colloidal particles migrate to opposit l charged electrode so they get neutralized. This phenomenon is known as electrophoresis.

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Do you see th t? Colloid with positive charge, will migrate to negative charge so they will be neutralized. Just like a magnet

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Coagulation is the destabilization of Colloids by neutralizing the electric charge of the dispersed phase particles, which results in aggregation of the colloidal particles.

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Dialysis is the separation of colloids and crystalloids, and can be carried out with a suitable semi permeable membrane Dialysis ussualy used for blood washing tool for malfunction of bill sufferer

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Preparation of Colloid

As we know, there are 2 (two) ways to prepare colloid, by:

y Condensation y Dispersion
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In condensation methods particles of atomic or molecular size are induced to combine to form aggregates of colloidal dimensions. To achieve this, chemical and physical methods are employed.

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Chemical methods
Colloidal sols can be prepared by chemical reactions, which involve double decomposition, oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis. For examples: i) Double decomposition

ii) Oxidation

iii) Reduction

iv) Hydrolysis

Note: Sols of silver halides are prepared by mixing dilute solution of silver salts with alkali halides in equivalent amounts. Similarly, silica gel sol is prepared by mixing dilute solutions of sodium silicate and HCl.

Physical methods

Exchange of solvent In this method, a true solution in mixed with an excess of another solvent in which the solute is insoluble but the solvent is miscible. For e.g., a solution of sulfur in alcohol mixed with excess of water results in a colloidal sol of sulfur. By excessive cooling A colloidal sol of ice in an organic solvent such as CHCl3 or ether is obtained by freezing a solution of water in the solvent. The molecules of water, which can no longer be held in solution separately come together to form particles of colloidal size.

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In dispersion methods, colloidal particles are obtained by breaking large particles of a substance in the presence of a dispersion medium. Since the sols formed are unstable, they are stabilized by adding stabilizing agents. Some of the dispersion methods are:
y Mechanical dispersion y Electrical disintegration y Peptization.

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Mechanical dispersion
In mechanical dispersion, the coarse suspension of the substance is ground in a colloid mill, a ball mill or an ultrasonic disintegrator. The colloid mill consists of two metal discs, close together and rotating at high speed (7000 revolutions per minute) in opposite directions. By the process of such grinding, the suspension particles are torn off to the colloidal sizes.

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In this method, an electric arc is struck between electrodes of the metal immersed in the dispersion medium.

The process of converting a precipitate into a colloidal sol by shaking it with the dispersion medium, in the presence of a small amount of electrolyte, is called peptization. The electrolyte used is called the peptizing agent. This method is used to convert a freshly prepared precipitate into a colloidal sol.

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In the process of peptization, the precipitate adsorbs one of the ion of the electrolyte onto its surface. The ion adsorbed on the surface is generally common with those of the precipitate. Adsorption of ion results in the development of positive or negative charge on precipitates and which ultimately break up into colloidal size particles. Example : a precipitate of silver iodide already formed can be dispersed by the addition of potassium iodide. Here potassium iodide is the peptizing agent.

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Thanks.. Good bye!

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