weU/,a,d

lDIslu_ yd bv wud;HdxYfha lDIslu fomdr;fka;=f m%ldYkhls 1998

 weU/,a,d
(Spondias cytherea)
wekldfhaisfha l=,hg wh;a weU/,a,d YdLh ,xldf fndfy` m%foaY j, iq,Nj olakg ,ef' tys M,h m,;=rla f,i fukau jHdxckhla f,i o fo`is yd p wd ixrCIKh l< wdydr f,i o m%fh`ckhg .; yeh' ixrCIKh l< wdydr i|yd mj;sk b,au iS>% f,i jefjka mj;s' weU/,a,d p b;d rij;ah' fi'' 2 l muK YalNhg jevqKq <m f. fmd;a; yd c bj;a fkdlru wdydrhg .; yels f' weU/,a,d fld< iy <m f. i,do j,g o Nd;d l< yeh'

weU/,a,d uo .%E 100 l wvx.= fm`Il

^ffjoH mrfhaIK wdh;kfha o;a; q f;;ukh q ldfn`yhsf% q fm%`ka q fo q Yla;sh ls' q le,aih s ' q fmdiamria ' q hlv ' q lefrdka uhsfl%d q ;hka uhsfl%d q rhsfnd*af,ka uhsfl%d q hiska uhsfl%d q gka iS ' weiqfr& .%E 86'9 .%E 12'4 .%E 0'2 .%E 0'1 le, 46 .%e 56 .%E 67 .%E 0'3 .%E 205 .%E 50 .%e 20 .%E 1'4 .%E 36

fuu fm`IK w.hka wkqj m,;=re w;=frka weU/,a,d j,g fYaI ia:dkhla ysjk nj fmfka' T!Ih jYfhka wl rer mSvk fr`.Skag" .=Kodhl nj fmr. ffjoH u;h wkqj ms<s.efka'
2

gr 10 lg jvd Wig jefvk foaYSh weU/,a,d j._hg wu;rj lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=j u.ska ykajd fok ,o weU/,a,d fYaIhla oeka ckm%sh we;' ;dhs,ka;fhka furgg ykajd fok ,o fuu weU/,a,d fYaIfha me< i|yd Yd, b,aula mj;S'
weU/,a,d j, fYaI ,CIK q q q q q q

YdLfha idudkH Wi gr 1-2 la muK f' l=vd f.j;a;lg jqjo fh`.Hh f' wjqreoao mqrdu M, orhs' .ika wju jYfhka uilg f,` .%e 1 1$2 - 2 l muK M,odjla ,ef' w,xldr me<ehla f,i nkl jqjo j.d l< ye f' WIaK;ajh yd iQrhdf,`lh je ueo rg yd my;rg f;;a yd h<s l,dm j, fydka jef' b;d h<s ;;aj hgf;a c, imdokh l< hq;=h' WIaK;ajh wvq m%foaY j, jeu rj, jk w;r b;d l=vd wjfha u u,a yg .kS" fydka c,h nei hk" ldnl jH je idrj;a f,` mila j.djg fh`.Hh' mfia .eUqr gr 1 la fy` Bg jek b;d fh`.H f' fydka ysre t<sh jefgk ia:dkhla u w;HjYH f' fijK hgf;a YdLfha jO_kh rj, f'

j.djg fh`.H m%foaY yd mi

me< mojd .ekSu

1'

c ,nd .ekSu

f i|yd weU/,a,d fYaIfha .ika c ,nd .kak' fyd| wiajekakla fok Yd,;ajfhka je f. iys; jq .ila f;`rd thska u|la bKq fy` uekka meiqkq f. lvd .kafka k uek'
3

fk<d .;a f. bfok f;la ;nd" bkamiq f.j, j, udxY,h fmd lr fydka fi`od bj;a lr c fjka fldg .kak' fuu c lemagdka fy` tje ,Sr kdYl hrhl .s,ajd fy` lemagdka l=vq Y% fldg Nd;d fuka ;jdfka we;s jk ,Sr fr`. j,ska wdrCId lr .; ye f' w j, ;jrd isgqu o idr:l nj fmkS f.dia we;' iq mudKfha ;jdkla i|yd lemagdka fhu w;HdjYH fkdf' II' ;jdka oeu ;rula rg fijK iys; ia:dkhl msysgqjk ,o je,s ;jdkla c me< u i|yd fhod .; hq;= f' je,s ;jdk gr 1 la m<,g yd iqiq .lg id.kak' fi'' 15-20 l >klug je,s w;=rd ;jdk ilialr .kak' je,s ;jdfka fi'' 15 l muK mr;rhla iys;j fma,s i,l=Kq fldg" fma<s ;=< fi'' 2-3 l muK mr;rhla iys;j c isgqjd fi'' 1-2 la muK >kl je,s ;gqjlska jikak' c me< u i|yd je,s ;jdfka f;;ukh mj;ajd .; hq;=h' ta i|yd f;; f.`kshlska ;jdk jid ;eh yelsh' i;s 4-6 la w;r;=r c m%fr`yKh f' m%fr`yKh i;s 6-9 l fuu me< nka .; l< hq;=h' c tlla folla muKla fr`mKh lr .kafka k hg oelafjk nka Y%Kh ilid nk ;=< fl,skau c fr`mKh u iqiqh'

III'

nka .; u

f i|yd f. 300 fha fmd,s;Ska Nd;d fldg fi'' 15 l IalNhla iys; fi'' 20 la Wie;s nka ilid .kak' .= l,la nka j,u me< ;nd .kafka k fi' 20 l IalNh iys; fi'' 30 la Wie;s nka fhdod .kak' fydka rE fldfm`ia fy` f.du" u;=msg mia iy je,s 1(1(1( fla wkqmd;hg Y% fldg nka mqrjd .kak' me< isgqfuka miq nkg ouk c,h wmf;a hdu je<elau i|yd nk imQrKfhkau fkdmqrjd fi'' 2-3 la b;=re jk fia Y%Kh msrh hq;=h' weU/,a,d nyql,,;djh fmkakq lrk fyhska iuyr c j,ska me< 2-5 la muK yg .ekSug bv we;' tje me< uQ, moaO;shg yd fkdjk fia m%fYfuka fjka fldg fjka fjkaj nka .; lrkak'
4

nka .; l< me< idudkHfhka i;s 6-8 la muK .; jQ miq ia:r N+fha fy` Yd, m%udKfhaa nka j, isgqh yeh'
isgqf mr;rh

; j.djla i|yd fma<s w;r gr 2 hs fma<sh ;=< me< 2 la w;r gr 2 hs f wkqj wlalrhla j.d u i|yd j,j,a 1000 la muK ilia lr .; hq;=hs'
me< isgqu

h<s l,dmfha k udia lkakfha jrIdj wdrN u;a iu. isgqu iqiqh' f;;a iy w;rue l,dm j,g wh;a m%foaY j, me< isgqh hq;af;a h, uy lkak j, jrIdj wdrN u;a iu.h' c, imdokh hgf;a jifr kEu wjia:djl fCIa;%fha isgqh yeh' .= h<s ld,hla mj;S k me<h isgqjd jka jr c,h imdokh l< hq;=hs' f i|yd fi'' 606060 ^. m<, .eUqr& m%udKfha j<la lmd .kak' me< isgqug i;s follg muK fmr" u;= msg mia iu. f.du$fldfm`ia fydka l,j fldg j< mqrjd .kak' l=re weU/,a,d fYaIhg ldnl fmdfydr iemhSfuka fr`.S mqIau;a jO_khla i,id .; yeh' nka .; lrk ,o me< fCIa;%fha fr`mKh lsf my; i|yka m lghq;= u fh`.H f'
q

m<uqj me<h isgqjd we;s fmd,s;Ska nfka m;=, tys odrh f.a rjqug lmd bj;a lrkak' f i|yd f,a tlla Nd;d u uek' nfka by< mia ugu" msys fmdf<df mia ugug idudkj isk fia me<h j< ;=< ;ekam;a lrkak' fmd,s;Ska nfkys reoaO me;s follska m;=f,a isg by<g kej; lemq folla fhdokak' fmd,s;Ska nfka Wiska wvla jefik m j<g mia mqrjkak'
5

bkamiq fmd,s;Ska nE.fha fomiska by<g weo m fol bj;a lrkak' j< imQrKfhkau mqrjd me<h fydka ;o lrkak' fuu l%uh wkq.ukh lsfuka nka udOHh is hdu j<lS' h<ss ld,hla k .i jgd h<s ;Kfld<" wd jH Nd;d fldg jiqkla fhdokak' fufia fuka mi h<S hdu j<lS' uQ, moaO;sh wdY%s; mfia WIaK;ajh wvq f' j,a me<e md,kh f'

fm`j, isgqu

fuu weU/,a,d fYaIh fm` j, jqjo idr:lj j.d l< yels f' fYaIfhka ;gq ksjdi j, fy` l=vd f.j;a;la we;s whg tf,i isgqjd .; yels f' ksji w,xldr lsf me<Ehla f,i o Nd;d l< yelsh' f i|yd wvq;rka fi'' 606060 m%udKfha isfuka;s fm`hla jvd;a fh`.Hh' tjeks fm`hl jqjo me< isgqf by; i|yka l< fr`mK l%u Nd;d l< hq;= f'
.ia mqyqKq lsu

ia : s r N+ fha fy` fm`pzhl is g q j d ukd md,kh hgf;a /l n,d .;ag udi 5 1$2 - 6 ;a w;r ld,h ;=< u,a yg .ekSu werf' .fia jrOkh m%udKj;a f,i is fkdue;s k yd w;= fn fkdue;s k .fia w.%ia: wxl=rfhka u,a yg .kS' f ksid YdLfha jrOkh rj,ug bv we;s fyhska" tu u,a lsks;a; bj;a fldg m<uqj .ig jrOkh ug bv ie,ish hq;= f'

fmdfydr fhu

udi 2-3 l g jrla fydka rE fldfm`ia fy` f.du fmdfydr fhfuka fyd| jrOkhla yd wiajekakla ,nd .; yelsh' fuh w;HjYH lreKls' ridhksl fmdfydr my; i|yka wdldrhg fhu iqiqh' tla me<hlg fhh hq;= m%udKh my; olajd we;' fhdok wjia:dj me< isgqjk wjia:df j,g Y% lsrSu isgqjd udi 6 lg miq isgqjd wjqreoaolg miq isgqjd wjqre 1 1$2 lg miq isgqjd wjqre 2 lg miq yd bka miq udi 6 lg jr ne.ska
c, imdokh

hqhd .%E

frdla hqfha T*a f*diafma fmdgEIa .%E .%e 115 60 115 115 115 50 25 50 50 50

60 30 60 60 60

.= h<s ld,j, ksh; whqka c, imdokh fkdl,fyd;a YdLfha jrOkh rj, jk w;r u,a yd f. h<S je hdu isf' tneka jir mqrd wLKav M,odjla ,nd .ekSu i|yd mfia f;;ukh wLKavj mj;ajd .ekSu wjYH f' .ia jgd msre" h<s ;K wdh fhdod jiqka fhfuka fhdok c,h ixrCIKh lr.; yels f'
fr`.

iuyr wjia:dj, <m m;% yd u,a lsKs;s md h<S hhs' <m f. l meye h<S jef' fr`.h je<Kq w;= ls,sj, fl,jr isg ue hhs' h<S hk w;= ls,s lmd bj;a lrkak'u,a yg .ekSug wdikak wjia:df o u,a yg.;a miq;a ,Sr kdYl fhu iqiqh' f i|yd uefk ,Sr kdYlh iqiqh'
7

m<sfndaO(

1' uhsgdjkaf.a ydksh

me< l=vd ld,fha <m m;%j,g uhsgdjkaf.a ydksh we;s h yelsh' fuys <m m;% my<g jl=gq fldv hhs' m;% j, h me;a; mrSCId l< g b;d l=vd uhsgdjka oelsh yel' tjeks m;% lvd bj;afldg kdY l< hq;=h' f.j;= j.djl k m;%fha h me;a; nqreiqjlska msiod uhsghska bj;a fldg r ia:dkhlg f.k f.dia oeh yels f' tjeks m;% lvd kdY l< yels f' Yd, j.djl k i,a*r ^f.kao.& djKh biSu fhda.H f'

2' o<Uqjkaf.a ydksh

o yg .kakd wjia:df " m;% wdydrhg .kakd o<Uq ydksh iuyr m%foaY j, olakg ,e we;' <m m;% ish,a, tlg f.dkq lsrSu fyda" fjka fjkaj my<g f.dkq lsrSu oelsh yelsh' u,a lsks;s yd l=vd f. j,g o o<Uq ydksh me;srSug bv we;' tjeks m;% fldgia lvd kdY lsrSug fyda ydksh wl f k ixia:dksl lDkdYlhla Nd;d lsrSu fyda iqiqh'
M, yg .ekSu(

fydka kv;a;= lrk ,o j.djl m<uq wiajekak udi 12 - 15 ;a w;r ld,h ;=< ,nd.; yelsh' idudkHfhka u,a ygf.k udi 5 lska muK meiqKq f. ,nd .; yels f' fmdl=rl f. 12 - 25 la muK yg .kS'
u,a yd M, ;=kS lsrSu

.il jrOk ;Fjh wkqj iajdNdlj Bg oeh yels f. ixLHdjla ;sf' fuu ixLHdjg jvd jefhkaa f. yg .;fyd;a tajd iajdNdlju ye,S hhs' iuyr wjia:dj, iajdNdlj M, ye,S hdfuka miqj jqjo .ig ord .; fkdyels f. ixLHdjla b;s jqjfyd;a B< lkakfha tu .fiys yg .kakd f. ixLHdj wvq f' .fia jrOk f.h nd<f' f. b;d l=vd f' fujeks
8

;;ajhla jdc j.djlg iqiq fkdf' tneka .fia m%udKh wkqj jemqr we;s u,a lsks;s yd f. bj;a l< hq;=h' f. iaNdlj ye,S hEf iEfyk ldfn` yhsf%% m%udKhla wys jk neka f. iajNdjfhka ye,S hEug m%:u u,a wjia:df fy` b;d l=vd f. wjia:df bj;a l< hq;=h' M, ;=kS lsu i|yd M, .eg ;rug f,dl=jk ;=re m%udo fkdl< hq;=h' fydka jevqKq f. je ixLHdjla jir mqrd ,nd .ekSu i|yd u,a ;=kS lsrSu yd f. ;=kS lsrSu l< hq;= f'
wiajekak(

.ilska wjqreoaolg ls'.%E 20 - 30 ;a w;r m%udKhla ,nd.; yels f' ta wkqj wlalrhl wiajekak lsf,da .%E 20000 - 30000 la w;r f'
wdydrhg .; yels l%u(

weU/,a,d meiqKq yd bKq f. m,;=rla f,i wdydrhg .; yelsh' wuq f. j,ska rij;a jHdxck ms<sfh, l< yels f' wuq f. j,ska ms<sfh, lrk fodais yd pks j,g b;d fyd| b,aula mj;S' <m wjia:df mj;sk f.^wegh >k fkdjQ& j,ska ilia lr .;a i,doh o rij;a wdydrhls' meiqKq f. iSks hrfha .s,ajd l,a ;nd .ekSu l< yels w;r thska rij;a w;=re mila ms<sfh, l< yel'

weU/,a,d wpdre
^wxl 1 & wjYH jH
q q q q

weU/,a,d f. 10 r;= kq f. 8 wuq ia ^fldg j._& lr,a 8 f,dl= kq f. 4

9

q q q q q q q q q q

l=vd wuq mefmd,a f. 4 ler w, 2 ^w;HdjYH fkdf& wn fi ye 2-3 Kq foys f. 1 r;= ia f;a ye 1 kdls fn`;,a 1$2 iSks fi ye 1 wuq b=re l=vd lene,a,la l=re fmd;= l=vd lene,a,la uqrex.d fmd;= l=vd lene,a,la

ido l%uh
q

q q q

weU/,a,d fmd;= bj;a fldg l=vd lE,sj,g lmkak' tajd kq Y% kdlsj, kd 2-3 la ;nkak' f wdldrhg r;= Kq" wuqia" y;rg lemQ f,dl= kq" lE,s lemq mefmd,a" lE,s lemQ ler hkd ish,a,o fjk fjku ;nd .kak' wn yd Kq kdls oud wUrd.kak' b=re" ia" l=re" uqrex.d fmd;= o wUrd .kak' isyskaj wUrd .;a ish,a, b;s kdls yd iSks iu. fydka Y% lr .kak' Kq foys l=vd lE,sj,g lvd thg oukak' wksl=;a ishu foa o tlalr fydka Y%lr fn`;,a j, wiqrd.kak'

weU/,a,d udj
^wxl 2& wjYH jH
q q q
10

meiqKq weU/,a,d f. 10 hs ia l=vq fi ye 1 1$2 hs ls fl`mam 01 hs h ls fl`mam 01 hs

q q q q q

W iy,a iaj,amhla ly l=vq f;a ye 1$4 hs rfma" lrmsxpd iaj,amhla Wn,lv fi ye 01 hs ;=k my l=vq f ye 1$2 hs

idok l%uh
q

weU/,a,d fmd;= bj;a fldg . w;g ;Sre jYfhka fjka fkdjk fia lemq oud .kak' tfia ke;ak ;nd fmd;= bj;a lr.kak' ls j,g ;=k my yer wksla ishu jH tl;= fldg W;=rjkak' thg ilia l< weU/,a,d oud ;efnkak ykak' weU/,a,d ;e biau ysfok g ls yd ;=k my tl;= lrkak

q q

weU/,a,d pks
^wxl 3 &

wjYH jH
q q q q q q q q q

weU/,a,d ^f.& lE,s lmd .%E 500 hs r;= kq ia l=vq .%E 10-15 hs Kq l=vq .%E 4-5 hs wuq b=re .%E 15 hs iq kq .%E 10 hs iSks .%E 300 hs tkid,a" lrdnq ke" l=re l=vq iaj,amhla ne.ska kdls ',s' 300 hs

11

fi` msis lr f,d.;a iq,a;dkd .%E 50 hs kdls ',S' 150 la muK weU/,a,d lE,s j,g oud ;nd .kak' thg kdls j,ska wUrd .;a iq kq" wuq b=re" r;= ia iqj| j._ iy b;s kdls o Kq o oud kej; ;nkak' fydka ;enqK g iSks tl;= lrkak' kej;;a WKq lr jdKq yrKh l< fn`;,a j, WKqiqj ;shu" idod.;a pks oud uQ ;o lrkak fn`;,aj,g mqrjk wjia:df iq,a;dkd tl;= lrkak'

idok l%uh
q q

"
q q

weU/,a,d i,doh
^wxl 4 & wjYH jH
q q q q q q q q q

<m l=vd weU/,a,d f. 10-15 hs f,dl= kq f. 2 hs ;lald,s f. 1 hs ud ia lr,a lsysmhla .ia lr,a lSmhla Kq foys wkakdis l=vd lE,s fl`mam 1$2 hs leg jYfhka lmd .;a msms[a[d fl`mam 1$2 hs

idok l%uh
q
12

;rula meyqKq weU/,a,d k fmd;= yer l=vd leg jYfhka lmd .kak' b;d <m weU/,a,d k f. jYfhka .;

yelsh'
q

f,dl= kq" ;lald,s " ud ia " wkakdis" msms[a[d" hk ish,a, l=vd leg wdldrhg lmd.kak' thg Kq" .ia iy foys tlalr .kak' fuu Y%Khg weU/,,d tl;= lr.kak'

weU/,a,d f`is
^wxl 5&

wjYH jH
q q q

weU/,a,d f. 10 hs iSks .%E 500 hs fr`ia tikaia f;a ye 1$2 hs

idok l%uh(q q q q q

weU/,a,d j, fmd;= bj;alr .Eremamqjlska fydka isre lrkak' yqKq fi ye' 1 la j;=r fn`;, tll hlr tys weU/,a,d f. .s,ajd meh 1la ;nkak' tajd lsmjrla fydka fi`okak' ilia lr.;a weU/,a,d f. oud ' 3 la ;nd j;=frka bj;a lr.kak' iSks iaj,amhla ^.%E' 50& f.k leru,a moug lr lrkak'thg j;=r fl`mam 1 la iy b;s iSks ish,a, oukak' W;=rK wjia:df weU/,a,d oud ;rula ;nkak' kla tu iSks djKfha ;nkak' miq k weU/,a,d bj;afldg iSks djKh muKla WKq lrkak' thg kej; weU/,a,d oud kla jid ;nkak' f wdldrhg k 3 la lghq;= l< hq;=hs' wjidk kfha iSks weU/,a,d f.j, oej fo`is njg m;af'
13

q q

weU/,a,d fc,s
^wxl 6 &

wjYH jH
q q q q

fydka meiS ;ru;a bKq weU/,a,d f. 25hs j;=r fl`mam 3hs foys hqI fi ye 2 hs iq iSks .%E 500 hs weU/,a,d j, fmd;= bj;alr l=vd len,s j,g lmkak' len,s jefik m%udKhg j;=r iy foys hqI tlalrkak' fydka len,s ;enqk miq tys j;=r fldgi muKla fr lE,a,lska fmrd.kak' tu hqI j,g 1(1( la iSks oud ;o .skafka wvq ld,hlska fc,s mou jk;=re WKqlrkak'

idok l%uh
q q q

weU/,a,d isks hrfha l,a;nd .ekSu

^wxl 7 &

weU/,a,d jdrhg tajd je ld,hla l,a ;nd .; yels myiq l%uhls' idok l%uh
q q

weU/,a,d fmd;= bj;a lr ;rula isre idod.kak' ^fmd,a l+rlska wkskak'& weU/,a,d ' ' 2 la muK >klu ;Srej,g lmd 4] fr Kq djKhl oud meh 2la muK ;nkak' Kq .%E 40 lg j;=r ,Sgr 01 la tl;= lsfuka 4] fr Kq djkh ilid .; yelsf'

14

Kq j;=r fmrd yer jdkq yrKh l< fn`;,a j, wiqrd WKqiqj ;shu 40] fya isks djKhla fn`;,a ;=<g oud mshka jikak' iSks .%E 400 lg W;=rjk ,o j;=r ,Sgr 01 laa oud kej; r;alr .ekSfuka 40] fya isks djKh idod .; yelsh' miqk fn`;,aj, we;s iSks djKh bj;afldg Bg 20] fia isks djK hla fhd kej; kd 5 la WKqlr fn`;,a j,g oud uQ ;olrkak' 20] fia iSks djKh idod .ekSu i|yd iSks .%Ez 200 lg W;=rK ,o c,h ,Sgr tlla tl;= lrkak'

weU/,a,d cE
^wxl 8&
wjYH jH

weU/,a,d bkq f. 10 hs foys hqI fi ye 2 hs iSks .%E 300 hs idok l%uh weU/,a,d fmd;= bj;a lr b;du l=vd len,s jYfhka lmkak' weg bj;a lrkak'f i|yd f,kavrh jqjo Nd;d l< yelsh' tu len,s j,g foys yd j;=r iaj,amhla oud uD jk;=re ;nkak' tu ;,mh fl`mam 1 lg iSks fl`mam 1 la ne.ska jkfia oud cE mou jk;=re r;a lr.kak'

15