Giao Trinh Tieng Nhat

Ting nht cho mi ngi
H ni 2008/07/18
ducthuan1982@gmail.com
Mobile: 0948 060065
Bi 1
I. T VNG
<watashi> : ti
<watashitachi>: chng ta, chng ti
<anata> : bn
<anohito> : ngi kia
<anokata> : v kia
<minasan> : cc bn, cc anh, cc ch, mi ngi
<san> : anh , ch
<chan> : b ( dng cho n) hoc gi thn mt cho tr con ( c nam ln n)
<kun> : b (dng cho nam) hoc gi thn mt
<jin> : ngi nc
<sensei> : gio vin
<kyoushi> : gio vin ( dng ni n ngh nghip)
<gakusei> : hc sinh, sinh vin
<kaishain> : nhn vin cng ty
<shain> : nhn vin cng ty
<ginkouin> : nhn vin ngn hng
<isha> : bc s
<kenkyuusha> : nghin cu sinh
<ENJINIA> : k s
<daigaku> : trng i hc
<byouin> : bnh vin
<denki> : in
<dare> : ai (hi ngi no )
<donata> : ngi no, v no (cng ngha trn nhng lch s hn)
: <sai> : tui
<nansai> : my tui
<oikutsu> : my tui (Dng lch s hn)
<hai> : vng
<iie> : khng
<shitsurei desu ga> : xin li ( khi mun nh ai vic g )
<onamaewa> : bn tn g?
<hajimemashite> : cho ln u gp nhau
: rt hn hnh c lm quen
<kochirawa san desu> : y l ngi
<kara kimashita> : n t
<AMERIKA> : M
<IGIRISU> : Anh
2
<INDO> : n
<INDONESHIA> : Indonesia
<kankoku> : Hn quc
<TAI> : Thi Lan
<chuugoku> : Trung Quc
<DOICHI> : c
<nihon> : Nht
<FURANSU> : Php
<BURAJIRU> : Brazil
<sakura daigaku> : Trng H Sakura
<fuji daigaku> : Trng H Ph S
IMC: tn cng ty
<BAWA-denki> : tn cng ty in kh Power
<BURAJIRUEA> : hng khng Brazil
AKC: tn cng ty
II. NG PHP
Mu cu 1: _____<ha>_____<desu>
* Vi mu cu ny ta dng tr t <ha> (c l <wa>, ch khng phi l <ha> trong bng ch
- y l cu trc cu-.) T ch ny v sau s vit l <wa> lun, cc bn c hiu khi vit s l vit
ch <ha> trong bng ch
* Cch dng: Dng ni tn, ngh nghip, quc tch ( tng t nh ng t TO BE ca ting
Anh.
* y l mu cu khng nh
Vd:

<watashi wa MAIKU MIRA- desu>
( ti l Michael Miler)
Mu cu 2: _____<wa>_____<ja>/<dewa>
* Mu cu vn dng tr t <wa> nhng vi ngha ph nh. mu cu ny ta c th dng
<ja> hoc <dewa> i trc <arimasen> u c.
* Cch dng tng t nh cu trc khng nh.
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Vd:
()
<SANTOSU san wa gakusei ja (dewa) arimasen.>
( anh Santose khng phi l sinh vin.)
Mu cu 3:_____<wa> _____<desu><ka>
* y l dng cu hi vi tr t <wa> v tr t nghi vn <ka> cui cu
* Cch dng: Cu hi dng ny c dch l _______ c phi khng? ( ging vi To BE ca
ting Anh)
Vd:

<MIRA- san wa kaishain desu ka>
( anh Miler c phi l nhn vin cng ty khng?)
[/color]( anh Santose cng l nhn vin cng ty)
Mu cu 4: _____<mo> _____<desu (ka)>

* y l mu cu dng tr t <mo> vi ngha l cng l ( too trong ting Anh
m!!!!)
* y l tr tr c th dng hi v tr li. Khi dng hi th ngi tr li bt buc phi
dng <hai> xc nhn hoc <iie> ph nh cu hi. Nu xc nhn kin
th dng tr t <mo>, chn ph nh th phi dng tr t <ha>.
Cch dng: thay th v tr ca tr t <wa> v mang ngha cng l
Vd:
A: ( )
<Watashi wa BETONAMU jin desu. Anata mo ( BETONAMU jin desu ka?)
(Ti l ngi Vit Nam, bn cng l ngi Vit Nam phi khng ?)
B:
<Hai, watashi mo BETONAMU jin desu. Watashi wa daigakusei desu, anata mo?>
(Vng, ti cng l ngi Vit Nam. Ti l sinh vin i hc, cn anh cng vy phi khng)
A:
4

<iie, watashi wa daigakusei ja arimasen. (Watashi wa) Kaishain desu.>
(Khng, ti khng phi l sinh vin i hc, ti l nhn vin cng ty.)
CH : i vi cc cu c qu nhiu ch ng watashi wa hoc cc cu hi trng lp ta c th
lc b bt cho cu vn ngn gn.
IMC
<MIRAsan wa IMC no shain desu>
(Anh Michael l nhn vin cng ty IMC)

<TERESA chan wa nansai (oikutsu) desu ka>
(B Teresa bao nhiu tui?)

<TERESA chan wa kyuu sai desu>
(B Teresa 9 tui)
() ()
<ano hito (kata) wa dare (donata) desu ka>
(Ngi ny (v ny) l ai (ngi no) vy ?

<ano hito (kata) wa kimura san desu
(Ngi ny (v ny) l anh (ng) Kimura.)
Mu cu 5: _____ <wa>___<no>
- y l cu trc dng tr t <no> ch s s hu.
- C khi mang ngha l ca nhng c khi khng mang ngha cu vn hay hn.
Vd:
IMC .
<IMC no shain>
(Nhn vin ca cng ty IMC>

<Nihongo no hon>
(Sch ting Nht)
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Mu cu 6: _____<wa> <nansai><oikutsu> <desu ka>

_____ <wa><sai> <desu>
- y l mu cu hi vi t hi ( nghi vn t) <nansai>
<oikutsu> dng hi tui
- <nansai> Dng hi tr nh ( di 10 tui).
<oikutsu> Dng hi 1 cch lch s.
Vd:

<Taro kun wa nan sai desu ka?>
(B Taro my tui vy ?)

<Taro kun wa kyuu sai desu.>
(B Taro 9 tui)

<Yamada san wa oikutsu desu ka?>
(Anh Yamada bao nhiu tui vy?)

<Yamada san wa yonjuugo sai desu>
(Anh Yamada 45 tui)
S m:
<ichi>
<ni>
<san>
<yon> (<shi>
<go>
<roku>
<nana> (<shichi>
<hachi>
<kyuu>
<juu>
<juuichi>
<juuni>
<nijuu>
<nijuuichi>
<nijuuni>
6
<issai> 1 tui
<nijuu issai> 21 tui
<hatachi> 20 tui
Mu cu 7: a. _____<wa> <san(sama)><desu ka>

b. _____ <wa> <dare><donata><desu ka>
- Mu cu (a.) dng xc nh li tn mt ngi.
- Mu cu (b.) dng hi tn mt ngi vi nghi vn t <dare> <donata>
- Mu cu (b.) dng t thng dng l <dare>, khi mun ni 1 cch lch s th dng
<donata>.
Vd:
a.
<ano hito (kata) wa kimura san desu
(Ngi ny (v ny) l anh (ng) Kimura.)
b.
<ano hito wa dare desu ka>
(Ngi ny l ai vy ?)

<ano kata wa donata desu ka>
(V ny l ngi no vy?)
Cc im ch thm:
Khi gii thiu tn mnh khng bao gi c ni thm ch <san> hoc <sama> ( c
ngha l ngi, gi mt cch tn knh) v trong ting Nht c s t nh l ngi Nht lun t h
mnh trc ngi khc. Khi gii thiu tn ngi khc th phi thm ch <san> hoc
<sama> ( khi gii thiu ngi ln tui c a v x hi cao)
Mu cu 8:__A___

+ ___A__ _____
- y l mu cu dng hi Quc tch ca mt ngi.

- Ngha l ( ___A__ l ngi nc no?)
Vd:
- A san wa nani jin desuka. ( A l ngi nc no?)
+ A san wa BETONAMU jin desu.( A l ngi Vit Nam)
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Mu cu 9: ___A__ ___1_____2__
+ ___A__ __1(2)___
- y l dng cu hi chn la trong hai hay nhiu s vt, s vic khc nhau.
- Ngha l ___A__ l _____ hay l _____?
Vd:
- A san wa ENGINIA desuka, isha desuka. ( A l k s hay l bc s ?)
+ A san wa isha desu. ( A l bc s
Mu cu 10: ___A__
_____
A
- y l cu hi v bn cht ca mt s vt, s vic
- Nghi l: A l _____ g?
Vd:
-Kono hon wa nanno hon desuka. ( cun sch ny l sch g?)
+ Kono hon wa Nihongo no hon desu.( cun sch ny l sch ting Nht)
Mu cu 11: ___A__
A
- y l cu hi vi t hi:
- Ngha ca t hi ny l A l Ci g?
Vd:
- Kore wa nandesuka. (y l ci g?)
+ Kore wa NOTO desu. (ay l cun tp)
Mu cu 12:

A
y l cu hi lch s.
- y l cu hi dng hi tn.
- Ngha l Tn ca bn ____ l g?
Vd:
- Onamae wa. ( hoc shitsure desu ga, onamaewa hoc Anatano namae wa nandesuka) ( Tn bn
l g?)
+ watashi wa A desu. Tn ti l A
8
Mu cu 13:

- y l cu hi dng hi qu hng ca ai . Dng Nghi vn t hi ni chn
- Ngha l Qu ca _____ u?
Vd:
- Inaka wa doko desuka ( Qu ca bn u?)
+ watashi no inaka wa CANTO desu.( qu ti Cn Th)
Bi2
I. T Vng
: <kore> y
: <sore>
: <are> kia
: <kono> ~ny
: <sono> ~
: <ano> ~kia
: <hon>Sch
: <jisho> T in
: <zasshi> tp ch
: <shimbun> bo
: <NOTO> tp
: <techou> s tay
: <meishi> danh thip
: <KA-DO> card
: <TELEHONKA-DO> card in thoi
: <embitsu>vit ch
: <BO-RUPEN> Vit bi
: <SHA-PUPENSHIRU> vit ch bm
: <kagi> ch kho
: <tokei> ng h
: <kasa>Ci d
: <kaban> ci cp
: <KASETTO TE-PU> bng ( casset)
: <TE-PUREKO-DA->my casset
: <TEREBI>ci TV
: <RAZIO> ci radio
: <KAMERA> ci my chp hnh
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: <KOMPYU-TA-> my vi tnh
: <jidousha> xe hi
: <tsukue> ci bn
: <isu> ci gh
: <CHOKORE-TO> ko scla
: <KO-HI-> c ph
: <eigo> ting Anh
: <nihongo> ting Nht
: <~go> ting ~
: <nan> ci g
: <dou> th no
: <chigaimasu> khng phI, sai ri
: <sodesuka> th ?
: <anou> .. ( ngp ngng khi ngh hoc suy ngh 1 vn )
<honnokimochidesu> y l cht lng thnh
: <douzo> xin mi
: <doumo> cm n
: <doumo arigatou gozaimasu> Xin chn thnh
cm n
: <korekara osewa ninarimasu> T nay mong c gip
<kochirakoso yoroshiku> chnh ti mi l ngi mong c gip .
II. Ng Php - Mu cu:
_____ <_____wa nanno~ desuka>
- ngha: _____ l ci g?
- Cch dng: y l mu cu dng hi v th loi hay thuc tnh ca mt s vt, hin tng.
Ta cng c th dng hi vi ngha l s hu khi thay i t hI <nan> bng t hi
<dare> m sau ny chng ta s hc ti!
- V d:
Kore wa nanno hon desuka?
(y l sch g?)
+ kore wa Nihongo no hon desu.
(y l sch ting Nht)
_____ <_____ wa nanyoubi desuka?>

- ngha: _____ l th my?
- Cch dng: Dng hi th, c th l ngy hm nay hoc l mt s kin s vic g .
- V d:
a. Kyou wa nanyoubi desuka.
10
Hm nay l th my?
+Kyou wa kayoubi desu.
Hm nay l th ba
b. KURISUMASU wa nanyoubi desuka.
NOEL l th my?
+ KURISUMASU wa suiyoubi desu.
NOEL ngy th T.
_____ <_____wa nannichi desuka?>

- ngha: _____ l ngy my?
- Cch dng: Dng hi ngy v c th l ngy hm nay hoc l ngy ca 1 s kin g .
- V d:
Tanjoubi wa nannichi desuka?
Sinh nht ngy my?
+ Tanjoubi wa 17(jyu nana) nichi desu.
Sinh nht ngy 17.
<kore>
<sore> <wa nan desuka?>
<are>
- ngha: Ci ny/ci / ci kia l ci g?
- Cch dng:
a. Vi <kore> th dng hi vt gn mnh, khi tr li phi dng <sore> v khi vt xa
ngi tr li
b. Vi <sore> dng hi vt gn ngi ni chuyn vi mnh, khi tr li phi dng <sore>
c. Vi <are> dng hi vt khng gn ai c nn tr li vn l <are>
- V d:
Kore wa nanno hon desuka?
y l sch g?
+ Sore wa Kanjino hon desu.
l sch Kanji
- ngha: ~ny/~/~kia l ~ g?
- Cch dng tng t mu cu s 4 nhng c nhn mnh hn!
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- V d:
Sono zasshi wa nanno zasshi desuka?
cun tp ch l tp ch g?
+ kono zasshi wa KOMPU-TA- no zasshi desu.
cun tp ch ny l tp ch v Vi tnh.
Phn ph lc:
<nanyobi> th my
<getsuyoubi> th Hai
<kayoubi> th Ba
<suiyoubi> th T
<mokuyoubi> th Nm
<kinyoubi> th Su
<doyoubi> th By
<nichiyoubi> Ch Nht
<nannichi> ngy my
Nht trong 10 ngy u ngi ta c cch c khc i so vi cc ngy cn lI, v chng ta c
th dng cho c hai trng hp l ngy ~ hoc ~ngy
<tsuitachi> ngy 1 ( hoc 1 ngy)
<futsuka> ngy 2 ( hoc hai ngy)
<mikka> ngy 3 (//)
<yokka> ngy 4 (//)
<itsuka> ngy 5 (//)
<muika> ngy 6 (//)
<nanoka> ngy 7 (//)
<youka> ngy 8 (//)
<kokonoka> ngy 9 (//)
<to-ka> ngy 10 (//)
Cc ngy cn li ta m bng cch rp cch m s vi ch <nichi> l c (vd:
jyuuichinichi=ngy 11.) nhng c 1 s trng hp c bit sau: v tng t cho cc s cn li
( vd: nijyuu yokka= ngy 24)
<jyuu yokka> Ngy 14
<jyuu kunichi> ngy 19 (im khc bit so vi m s thng thng ca s ny
l s chn khng c trng m, ku thay v kuu
<hatsuka> ngy 20 ci n ch c 1 ln thi!!! Khng lp li nha!!!
Bi 3
12
I. T Vng
<koko> y
<soko>
<asoko> kia
<doko> (nghi vn t) u
<kochira> ( knh ng) y
<sochira> (//)
<achira> (//) kia
<dochira> (//)(nghi vn t) u, hng no
<kyoshitsu> phng hc
<shokudo> nh n
<jimusho> vn phng
<kaigishitsu> phng hp
<uketsuke> quy tip tn
<ROBI-> i snh (LOBBY)
<heya> cn phng
<TOIRE (ote arai)> Toilet
<kaidan> cu thang
<EREBE-TA-> thang my
<ESUKARE-TA-> thang cun
<(o) kuni> quc gia ( nc)
<kaisha> cng ty
<uchi> nh
<denwa> in thoi
<kutsu> i giy
< NEKUTAI> Cravat ( neck tie)
<WAIN> ru ty (wine)
<tabako> thuc l
<uriba> ca hng
<chika> tng hm
<ikkai> tng 1
<nankai> (nghi vn t) tng my
<~en> ~ yn ( tin t Nht bn)
<ikura> (nghi vn t) Bao nhiu ( hi gi c)
<hyaku> Trm
<sen> ngn
<man> vn ( 10 ngn)
<sumimasen> xin li
<(~o) misete kudasai> xin cho xem ~
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~<jya (~o) kudasai> vy th, xin cho ti (ti ly) ci ~

<shin oosaka> tn a danh Nht
<ITARIA>
<SUISU> Thu S
II. Ng php - Mu cu
<koko>
_____ <soko wa _____ desu>
<asoko>
- ngha: y l/ l/kia l _____
- Cch dng dng gii thiu, ch cho ai mt ni no
- VD:
Koko wa uketsuke desu. (y l bn tip tn)
<koko>
_____
<_____ wa soko desu>

<asoko>
- ngha: _____ l y//kia.
- Cch dng: dng ch r a im no u hoc mt ngi no u. Thng c
dng ch cho ai mt ni no hoc ngi no .
- VD:
a. Satou san wa soko desu. < anh Satou >
b. Shokudou wa ashoko desu. < Nh n kia>
______ <_____wa doko desuka.>

- ngha: _____ u?
- Cch dng: dng hi ni chn hoc a im ca mt ngi no ang u. Chng ta c
th kt hp cu hi ny cho c hai cu trc 1. v 2. trn.
14
- VD:
a. koko wa doko desuka? (y l u?)
b. ROBI- wa doko desuka? (i snh u?)
c. SANTOSU san wa doko desuka? ( Anh SANTOSE u?)
+ SANTOSUSAN wa kaigi jitsu desu. ( Anh SANTOSE phng hp)
_____
<kochira>
<_____wa sochira desu.>
<achira>
- ngha: _____ l y//kia ( nu dng ch ngi th c ngha l V ny//kia)

- Cch dng: Tng t vi cch hi a im, ni chn, ngi trn. Nhng n c dng
th hn s lch thip, cung knh i vi ngi ang nghe. Ngha gc ca cc t ny ln lt l
(Hng ny//kia)
- VD:
Kaigi jitsu wa achira desu. (phng hp ng kia )
Kochira wa Take Yama sama desu. (y l ngi Take Yama)
_____ <_____ wa dochira desuka?>

- ngha: _____ u? ( nu dung cho ngi th l : ____ l v no?)
- Cch dng: y l cu hi lch s cung knh ca cch hi thng thng.
- VD:
ROBI- wa dochira desuka? ( i snh hng no ?)
Take Yama sama wa dochira desuka?(ngi Take Yama l v no ?)
______ <_____ wa doko no desuka?>

______ <_____wa ~ no desu>
- ngha: _____ ca nc no vy?
______ l ca nc ~
- Cch dng: y l cu trc dng hi xut x ca mt mn . V trong cu tr lI, ta c th
thay i ch ng ( l mn thnh cc t nh <kore> <sore> v <are> a ra ng trc tr t
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WA v i t thay th vo v tr sau tr t NO th s hay hn, hoc ta c th b hn lun ci

t i cho cu ngn gn.
- VD:
kono tokei wa doko no desuka? (ci ng h ny l ca nc no?)
sore wa SUISU no (tokei) desu. ( l ng h Thu S)
_____ < _____ wa nanai desuka?>

_____ <______wa ~ai desu>
- ngha: ______ tng my?
______ tng ~.
- Cch dng: y l cu hi a m ca mt ni no tng th my.
- VD:
RESUTORAN wa nankai desuka? ( nh hng tng my?)
RESUTORAN wa gokai desu. ( nh hng tng nm)
_____ [/color] ( _____ wa ikura desuka?)

______ (_____wa ~ desu)
- ngha: ______ gi bao nhiu?
_____ gi ~
- Cch dng: Dng hi gi mt mn .
- VD:
kono enpitsu wa ikura desuka? ( ci bt ch ny gi bao nhiu?)
sore wa hyaku go jyuu en desu. ( ci gi 150 yn)
Phn Ph:
< nanai> Tng my
< ikkai> tng 1
<nikai> tng 2
<sangai> tng 3
<yonkai> tng 4
< gokai> tng 5
<rokkai> tng 6
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<nana kai> tng 7

<hakkai> tng 8
<kyuukai> tng 9
<jyuukai> tng 10
Cc t mu khc l cc t c m c bit.
Cc tng sau ta cng m tng t v cc s c bit cng c p dng cho cc tng cao hn
( v d: tng 11 : jyuu ikkai, tng 13: jyuu sangai)
Bi 4
I) T VNG
<okimasu> : thc dy
<nemasu> : ng
<hatarakimasu> : lm vic
<yasumimasu> : ngh ngi
<benkyoushimasu> : hc tp
<owarimasu> : kt thc
<DEPA-TO> : ca hng bch ha
<ginkou> : ngn hng
<yuubinkyoku> : bu in
< <toshokan> : th vin
<bijutsukan> : vin bo tng
<denwabangou> : s in thoi
<nanban> : s my
<ima> : by gi
<ji> : ~gi
<fun> <pun> : pht
<han> : phn na
<nanji> : my gi
<nanpun> : my pht
<gozen> : sng (AM: trc 12 gi)
<gogo> : chiu (PM: sau 12 gi)
<asa> : sng
<hiru> : tra
<ban> : ti
<yoru> : ti
<ototoi> : ngy hm kia
<kinou> : ngy hm qua
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<kyou> : hm nay
<ashita> : ngy mai
<asatsute> : ngy mt
<kesa> : sng nay
<konban> : ti nay
<yuube> : ti hm qua
<yasumi> : ngh ngi (danh t)
<hiruyasumi> : ngh tra
<maiasa> : mi sng
<maiban> : mi ti
<mainichi> : mi ngy
<PEKIN> : Bc Kinh
<BANKOKU> Bangkok
<RONDON> Lun n
<ROSANZERUSU> : Los Angeles
<taihendesune> : vt v nh
<bangouannai> : dch v 116 (hi s in thoi)
<otoiawase> : (s in thoi) bn mun bit / hi l
<(o) onegaishimasu> : lm n
<kashikomarimashita> : hiu ri
II) MU CU - NG PHP
Ng Php
ng T
ng t chia lm 3 lai :
- ng t qu kh
- ng t hin ti
- ng t tng lai
a) ng t hin ti - tng lai
C ui l ch masu
V d :
watashi wa kuji ni nemasu ( ti ng lc 9 gi )
watashi wa tamago o tabemasu ( ti n trng )

- Nu trong cu c t ch tng lai nh : ashita(ngy mai)... th ng t trong cu
l tng lai
V d :
18

ashita watashi wa RONDON e ikimasu (Ngy mai ti i Lun n)
( Ch e cu trn vit l he nhng c l e v y l ng php )
b) ng t qu kh
C ui l ch mashita
V d : nemashita ( ng)
tabemashita ( n)
Hin ti sang qu kh : masu - mashita
( b ch su thm ch shita vo )
Tr T theo sau ng t c nhiu tr t, nhng y l 3 tr t s cp :
a) he (c l e) : Ch dng cho 3 ng t
- ikimasu : i
- kimasu : n
- kaerimasu : tr v
b) o (ch o th hai) : Dng cho cc tha ng t
c) ni : dng cho cc ng t lin quan n thi gian nh
- nemasu : ng
- okimasu : thc dy
- yasumimasu : ngh ngi
- owarimasu : kt thc
c Bit : aimasu ( gp )
V d :
watashi wa shichiji ni nemasu ( ti ng lc 7 gi )
watashi wa BAO ni aimasu ( ti gp Bo )
Bi 5
I.T VNG
<ikimasu> : i
<kimasu> : n
<kaerimasu> : tr v
<gakkou> : trng hc
<SU-PA-> : siu th
<eki> : nh ga
<hikouki> : my bay
<fune> : thuyn/tu
<densha> : xe in
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<chikatetsu> : xe in ngm
<shinkansen> : tu cao tc
<BASU> : xe but
<TAKUSHI-> : xe taxi
<jidensha> : xe p
<aruite> <(ikimasu)> : i b
<hito> : ngi
<tomodachi> : bn
<kare> : anh y
<kanojo> : c y
<kazoku> : gia nh
<hitoride> : mt mnh
<senshuu> : tun truc
<konshuu> : tun ny
<raishuu> : tun ti
<sengetsu> : thng trc
<kongetsu> : thng ny
<raigetsu> : thng ti
<kyonen> : nm ri
<kotoshi> : nm nay
<rainen> : nm ti
<~gatsu> : thng ~
<nangatsu> : thng my
<ichinichi> : mt ngy
<nannichi> : ngy my
<itsu> : khi no
<tanjoubi> : sinh nht
<futsu> : thng thng
<kyuukou> : tc hnh
<totsukyuu> : ha tc
<tsugino> : k tip
<arigatou gozaimashita> : cm n
<dou itashimashite> : khng c chi
<~bansen> : tuyn th ~
II. MU CU
Mu Cu 1
20
Cu trc :
__
<__wa nani o shimasuka>
V d :
<anata wa nani o shimasuka>
(Bn ang lm g ?)
<watashi wa tegami o kakimasu>

(Ti ang vit th)
Cch dng : Dng hi ai ang lm g
Mu Cu 2
Cu trc :
__
<__wa dare to nani o shimasuka>
V d : A
<A san wa tomodachi to nani o shimasuka>
(A ang lm g vi bn vy)
A
<A san wa tomodachi to satsuka- o shimasu>
(A ang chi banh vi bn)
Cch dng : Dng hi ngi no ang lm g vi ai
Mu Cu 3
Cu trc :
__
<__wa doko de nani o shimasu ka>
V d : B

(B ang lm g cng vin vy ?)
B

(B ang chi tenis cng vin)
Cch dng : Dng hi mt ngi no ang lm g mt ni no .
Mu Cu 4
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Cu trc :
__
<__dare to nan de doko e ikimasu>
V d :
<watashi wa koibito to densha de kouen e ikimasu>
(Ti cng vi ngi yu i xe in n cng vin) (^_^)
Cch dng : Dng ni mt ngi no cng vi ai, i n u bng phng tin g.
Mu Cu 5
Cu trc :
__
<__ wa nani o doushi ka>
V d :
<kinou anata wa eiga o mimashitaka>
(Ngy hm qua bn c xem phim khng ?)
<hai, mimashita>
(C)
<iie, mimasendeshita>
(Khng)
Cch dng : y l dng cu hi c, khng hi ai v mt vn g .
D nhin l trong cc mu cu trn cc bn c th thm vo thi gian cho ph hp vi cu v
ng t.
Ghi ch :
<dare> : ai
<doko> : u
<nani> : ci g (dng cho danh t)
<nan> : ci g (dng cho ng t)
<doushi> : ng t
<shimasu> : chi, lm
Ph ch :
Cc th trong ng t :
a) Th khng nh
22
ui ca ng t l <masu>
V d : <ikimasu>
<kaerimasu>
b) Th ph nh
ui ca ng t l <masen>
V d : <ikimasen>
<kaerimasen>
c) Th nghi vn
Thm t <ka> vo sau ng t
V d : <mimasuka> : C xem khng ?
d) Th khng nh trong qu kh
ui ca ng t l <mashita>
V d : <mimashita> : xem ri
e) Th ph nh trong qu kh
ui ca ng t l <masendeshita>
V d : <mimasendeshita> : khng xem
f) Th nghi vn trong qu kh
Nh th nghi vn ca ng t hin ti
V d : <mimashitaka> : C xem khng (trong qu kh ?)
Ch : trong cu khng nh v nghi vn c ng t khng dng <desu> cui cu,
<desu> ch dng cho danh t.
Bi 6
I/ T VNG
<tabemasu> : n
<nomimasu> : ung
<suimasu> : ht
<tabako o suimasu> : ht thuc
<mimasu> : xem
<kikimasu> : nghe
<yomimasu> : c
<kakimasu> :vit, v
<kaimasu> : mua
<torimasu> : chp
<shashin o torimasu> : chp hnh
<shimasu> : lm, chi
<aimasu> : gp
<tomodachi ni aimasu> : gp bn
<gohan> : cm
<asagohan> : ba sng
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<hirugohan> : ba tra
<bangohan> : ba ti
<PAN> : bnh m
<tamago> : trng
<niku> : tht
<sakana> : c
<yasai> : rau
<kudamono> : tri cy
<mizu> : nc
<ocha> : tr
<koucha> : hng tr
<gyuunyuu> : sa
<MIRUKU> : sa
<JU-SU> : nc tri cy
<BI-RU> : bia
<(o)sake> : ru sake
<SAKKA-> : bng
<TENISU> : tenis
CD <CD> : a CD
<BIDEO> : bng video
<nani> : ci g
<sorekara> : sau
<chotto> : mt cht
<mise> : tim, qun
<RESUTORAN> : nh hng
<tegami> : th
<REPO-TO> : bi bo co
<tokidoki> : thnh thong
<itsumo> : thng, lc no cng
<ishshoni> : cng nhau
<iidesune> : c, tt nh
<ee> : vng
<kouen> : cng vin
<nandesuka> : ci g vy ?
<(o)hanami> : vic ngm hoa
<oosakajoukouen> : tn cng vin
<wakarimashita> : hiu ri
<ja, mata> : hn gp li
II/ NG PHP - MU CU
24
1/ Ng Php : itsumo> ( Lc no cng..... )

Dng th hin ti, ch mt thi quen thng xuyn.
Cu trc :
thi gian + Ch ng + <wa> + <itsumo> + <nani>, <doko> + <o>,
<e> + ng t
V d :
<watashi wa itsumo asagohan o tabemasu>
( Ti th lc no cng n ba sng lc 6h sng )
Lu : C th thm vo cc yu t nh : vi ai, u... cho cu thm phong ph.
V d : Phan nh Phng
<watashi wa itsumo tomodachi to Phan nh Phng KURAZU de SAKKA- o shimasu>
(Ti th lc no cng chi banh vi bn b cu lc b Phan nh Phng)
2/ Ng Php : ishshoni> (Cng nhau)

Dng mi mt ai lm vic g cng vi mnh.
Cu trc :
Cu hi : (thi gian) + Ch ng + <wa> + <ishshoni> + ni chn + <de> +
<nani>; <doko> + <o>; <e>; <ni> + ng t + <masen ka>
Cu tr li :
ng : <ee>, ng t + <mashou>
Khng ng : V + <masen> (....<chotto....>
V d :
<ashita watashi wa ishshoni RESUTORAN de hirugohan o tabemasen ka>
(Ngy mai ti vi bn cng i n tra nh hng nh? )
ng :
<ee, tabamashou><Vng, c thi>
Khng ng : ...)
<tabemasen, (chotto....)>
[Khng c (v g ....)]
Lu : Cng c th thm vo cc yu t nh : vi ai, u... cho cu thm phong ph.
Bi 7
I\ T VNG
<kirimasu> : ct
<okurimasu> : gi
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<agemasu> : tng
<moraimasu> : nhn
<kashimasu> : cho mn
<karimasu> : mn
<oshiemasu> y
<naraimasu> : hc
<kakemasu> :gi in
<[denwa o kakemasu]> : gi in thoi
<te> : tay
<hashi> : a
<SUPU-N> : mung
<NAIFU> : dao
<FO-KU> : na
<hasami> : ko
<FAKUSU> <(FAKKUSU)> : my fax
<WA-PURO> : my nh ch
<PASOKON> : my tnh c nhn
<PANCHI> : ci bm l
<HOCHCHIKISU> : ci bm giy
<SEROTE-PU> : bng keo
<keshiGOMU> : cc gm
<kami> : giy ( tc )
<hana> : hoa (ci mi)
<SHATSU> : o s mi
<PUREZENTO> : qu tng
<nimotsu> : hnh l
<okane> : tin
<kippu> : v
<KURISUMASU> : l Noel
<chichi> : cha ti
<haha> : m ti
<otousan> : b ca bn
<okaasan> : m ca bn
<mou> : ri
<mada> : cha
<korekara> : t by gi
<sutekidesune> : tuyt vi qu nh
<gomenkudasai> : xin li c ai nh khng ?
<irashshai>
: anh (ch) n chi
<douzo oagari kudasai>: xin mi anh (ch) vo nh
26
<shitsureishimasu> : xin li, lm phin

<(wa) ikagadesuka> : c c khng ?
<itadakimasu> : cho ti nhn
<ryokou> : du lch
<omiyage> : qu c sn
<YO-ROPPA> : Chu u
Lu : t <hashi> c hai ngha. Mt ngha l a, ngha cn li l cy cu. phn bit
nu ngha l a th c xung ging (ging nh hch x vy ), cn ci kia th c ln ging.
Cn <kami> cng c hai ngha l tc v giy, nhng mnh khng bit cch phn bit, chc
da vo ngha ca cu. T <hana> th cng tng t nh <hashi> ngha l ln ging
l hoa, cn xung ging th l ci mi
II\ NG PHP - MU CU
Mu cu 1:
Cu trc: <dougu> + <de> + <nani> + <o> + V <Vmasu>
Cch dng: Lm g bng dng c g .
V d:
<watashi wa hasami de kami o kirimasu>

[Ti ct tc bng ko ( hoc ct giy cng c )]
<kinou anata wa nan de bangohan o tabemashita ka>

(Hm qua bn n cm ti bng g th ?) (V duyn qu )
<kinou watashi wa hashi de bangohan o tabemashita>

(Hm qua ti n cm ti bng a.)
Mu cu 2:
Cu trc: <wa> + <kongo>+ <de> + <nan desuka>
Cch dng: Dng hi xem mt t no theo ngn ng no c l g.
V d:
Good bye
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<Good bye wa nihongo de nan desu ka>

(Good bye ting Nht l g th ?)
Good bye
<Good bye wa nihongo de sayounara desu>
(Good bye ting Nht l sayounara)
Mu cu 3:
Cu trc: <dare> + <ni> + <nani> + <o> + <agemasu>
Cch dng: Khi tng ai ci g
V d:
<watashi wa tomodachi ni PUREZENTO o agemasu>

(Ti tng qu cho bn)
Mu cu 4:
Cu trc: <dare> + <ni> + <nani> + <o> + <moraimasu>
Cch dng: Dng ni khi mnh nhn mt ci g t ai .
V d:
<watashi wa tomodachi ni hana o moraimasu>

(Ti nhn hoa t bn b)
Mu cu 5:
Cu trc:
+ Cu hi:
<mou> + <nani> + <o> + V <Vmashita ka>
+Tr li:
V
<hai, mou Vmashita>
<iie, mada desu>

Cch dng:Dng hi mt ai lm cng vic no cha
V d:
<anata wa mou bangohan o tabemashita ka>

(Bn n cm ti cha ?)
28

<hai, mou tabemashita>
(Vng, ti n ri)
<iie, mada desu>

(Khng, ti cha n)
Lu :
+S khc nhau gia hai ng t <benkyoushimasu> v
<naraimasu> u c ngha l hc. Nhng <benkyoushimasu> ngha l t
hc, cn <naraimasu> th c ngha l hc t ai , c ngi no truyn t.
+C th thm vo cc yu t hc nh u, dp g...... cho cu thm sng ng. V vi ng
t <kashimasu>: cho mn; <karimasu>: mn,
<oshiemasu> : dy v <naraimasu> : hc th cc mu cu cng tng t nh vy.
+Nu cu ting Vit ca mnh v d l :
"Bn ti cho ti mn qu" th khi bn vit ra ting Nht th phi vit l "Ti nhn mn qu t bn
ti" ch khng th vit l "Bn ti cho ti mn qu" v i vi ngi Nht th l iu bt lch
s. i vi ngi Nht th h lun ni l h nhn ch khng bao gi ni l ngi khc cho mnh.
+() <dougu> : dng c
<kongo> : ngn ng
Bi 8
I. T VNG
<minikui> : Xu
<HANSAMUna> : p trai
<kireina> : (cnh) p, p (gi), sch
<shizukana> : yn tnh
<nigiyakana> : nhn nhp
<yuumeina> : ni ting
<shinsetsuna> : t t
<genkina> : khe
<himana> : rnh ri
<isogashii> : bn rn
<benrina> : tin li
<sutekina> : tuyt vi
<ookii> : to ln
<chiisai> : nh
<atarashii> : mi
<furui> : c
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<ii> : tt
<warui> : xu
<atsui> : (tr) nng
<tsumetai> : (nc ) lnh
<atsui> : (tri) nng
<samui> : (tri) lnh
<muzukashii> : (bi tp) kh
<yasashii> : (bi tp) d
<kibishii> : nghim khc
<yasashii> : du dng, hin t
<takai> : t
<yasui> : r
<hikui> : thp
<takai> : cao
<omoshiroi> : th v
<tsumaranai> : chn
<oishii> : ngon
<mazui> : d
<tanoshii> : vui v
<shiroi> : trng
<kuroi> : en
<akai> :
<aoi> : xanh
<sakura> : hoa anh o
<yama> : ni
<machi> : thnh ph
<tabemono> : thc n
<tokoro> : ch
<ryou> : k tc x
<benkyou> : hc tp ( danh t )
<seikatsu> : cuc sng
() <(o)shigoto> : cng vic
<dou> : nh th no
<donna> : no
<dore> : ci no
<totemo> : rt
() <amarimasen(kunai)> : khnglm
<soshite> : v
<ga,> : nhng
<ogenki desu ka> : c khe khng ?
30
<sou desu ne> : nh

<fujisan> : Ni Ph S
<biwako> : h Biwaco
<SHANHAI> : Thng Hi
<shichi nin no samurai> : by ngi v s o (tn phim)
<kinkakuji> : tn cha
<naremasu> : quen
<nihon no seikatsu ni naremashita ka>: quen vi cuc
sng Nht Bn cha ?
<mou ippai ikaga desu ka> : Thm mt ly na nh
<iie, kekkou desu> : thi, ri
<sorosoro, shitsureishimasu> : n lc ti phi v
<mata irashshatte kudasai>: ln sau li n chi nh.
II. NG PHP - MU CU
By gi chng ta s bt u lm quen vi tnh t trong ting Nht

Trong Ting Nht c hai loi tnh t :
+ <ikeiyoushi> : tnh t 
+ <nakeiyoushi> : tnh t <na>
1. Tnh t <na>
a. Th khng nh hin ti:
Khi nm trong cu, th ng sau tnh t l t <desu>
V d:
<Bo san wa shinsetsu desu.>

(Bo th t t )
<kono heya wa kirei desu.>

(Cn phng ny th sch s.)
b. Th ph nh hin ti:
khi nm trong cu th ng sau tnh t s l cm t <ja arimasen>, khng c
<desu>
V d:
A
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<A san wa shinsetsu ja arimasen>

(A th khng t t.)
<kono heya wa kirei ja arimasen>

(Cn phng ny th khng sch s.)
c. Th khng nh trong qu kh
Khi nm trong cu th ng sau tnh t s l cm t <deshita>
V d:
A
<A san wa genki deshita>
(A th khe.)
B

(B th ni ting.)
d. Th ph nh trong qu kh
Khi nm trong cu th ng sau tnh t s l cm t <ja arimasen
deshita>
V d:
A
<A san wa genki ja arimasen deshita>
(A th khng khe.)
B

(B th khng ni ting.)
Lu :Khi tnh t <na> i trong cu m ng sau n khng c g c th chng ta khng vit
ch <na> vo.
V d:
A
<A san wa genki ja arimasen deshita>
(A th khng khe.)
ng: v khng c ch <na> ng sau tnh t.
A
<A san wa genki na ja arimasen deshita>
Sai: v c ch <na> ng sau tnh t.
e. Theo sau tnh t l danh t chung
Khi ng sau tnh t l danh t chung th mi xut hin ch <na>
V d:
32

<Ho Chi Minh shi wa nigiyaka na machi desu>
(Thnh ph H Ch Minh l mt thnh ph nhn nhp.)
Quc
<Quc san wa HANSAMU na hito desu>
<Quc l mt ngi p trai >
Tc dng: Lm nhn mnh ca cu.
2 Tnh t 
a. Th khng nh hin ti:
Khi nm trong cu, th ng sau tnh t l t <desu>
V d:
<kono tokei wa atarashii desu>

(Ci ng h ny th mi.)
<watashi no sensei wa yasashii desu>

(C gio ca ti th du dng.)
b. Th ph nh hin ti:
Khi ph nh, tnh t s b i v thm vo <kunai>vn c <desu>
V d:
<BETONAMU no tabemono wa taka kunai desu>

(Thc n ca Vit Nam th khng mc.)
cu trn, tnh t <takai> b thm <kunai> thnh <taka
kunai>
c. Th khng nh trong qu kh
th ny, tnh t s b i v thm vo <katta>, vn c <desu>
V d:
<kinou watashi wa totemo isogashi katta desu>

(Ngy hm qua ti rt bn.)
cu trn, tnh t <isogashii> b thm <katta> thnh
<isogashi katta>
d. Th ph nh trong qu kh
th ny, tnh t s b i v thm vo <kuna katta>, vn c
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<desu>
V d:
<kinou watashi wa isogashi kuna katta desu>

(Ngy hm qua ti khng bn.)
cu trn, tnh t <isogashii> b thm <kuna katta> thnh
<isogashi kuna katta>
Lu : i vi tnh t khi nm trong cu th khng nh u vit nguyn dng.
V d: <isogashii> khi nm trong cu th khng nh vn l
<isogashii>
e. Theo sau tnh t l danh t chung
Khi ng sau tnh t l danh t chung th vn gi nguyn ch 
V d:
<fujisan wa takai yama desu>

( Ni Ph S l mt ngn ni cao.)
Tc dng: Lm nhn mnh ca cu.
f. Tnh t c bit
chnh l tnh t <ii> ngha l tt. Khi i sang ph nh trong hin ti, khng nh qu
kh, ph nh qu kh th <ii> s i thnh <yo>, cn khng nh hin ti th vn
bnh thng.
V d:
<ii desu>: khng nh hin ti
<yo kunai desu>: ph nh trong hin ti
<yo katta desu>: khng nh qu kh
<yo kuna katta desu>: ph nh qu kh
3. Cch s dng <amari> v <totemo>

a. <amari>: c dng din t trng thi ca tnh t, lun i cng vi th ph nh ca
tnh t c ngha l khng...lm.
V d:
Tnh t <na>
A
<A san wa amari HANSAMU ja arimasen>
(Anh A th khng c p trai lm.)
34
Tnh t 
<nihon no tabemono wa amari oishi kunai desu>

(Thc n ca Nht Bn th khng c ngon lm.)
b. <totemo>: c dng din t trng thi ca tnh t, lun i cng vi th khng nh
ca tnh t c ngha l rt.....
V d:
Tnh t <na>
<kono uta wa totemo suteki desu>

<Bi ht ny tht tuyt vi>
Tnh t 
<kono jidousha wa totemo takai desu>

<Chic xe hi ny th rt mc.)
4. Cc mu cu
a. Mu cu 1:
S + <wa> + <dou> + <desu ka>
Cch dng: Dng hi mt vt hay mt ngi no (t khi dng) c tnh cht nh th no.
V d:
<fujisan wa dou desu ka>

<Ni Ph S th trng nh th no vy?>
<fujisan wa takai desu>

<Ni Ph S th cao.)
b. Mu cu 2:
S + <wa> + <donna> + danh t chung + <desu ka>
Cch dng: Dng hi mt ni no , hay mt quc gia no , hay ai c tnh cht nh th
no (tng t nh mu cu trn nhng nhn mnh hn)
V d:
A
<A san wa donna hito desu ka>
(Anh A l mt ngi nh th no vy ?)
A
<A san wa shinsetsu na hito desu>
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(Anh A l mt ngi t t.)
<Fujisan wa donna yama desu ka>

(Ni Ph S l mt ngn ni nh th no vy?)
<Fujisan wa takai yama desu>

(Ni Ph S l mt ngn ni cao.)
Cn lu l khi trong cu hi t hi l <donna> th khi tr li bt buc bn phi c danh
t chung i theo sau tnh t hoc <na> theo nh ng php mc e ca hai phn 1 v 2.
c. Mu cu 3:
<hito> + <no> + <mono> + <wa> + <dore> + <desu ka>
Cch dng: Dng hi trong mt ng vt th ci no l ca ngi .
V d:
A
<A san no kaban wa dore desu ka>
<Ci cp no l ca anh A vy ?>
.......
<......kono kiiroi kaban desu>
<.......ci cp mu vng ny y.>
d. Mu cu 4:
S + <wa> + Adj 1 + <desu> + <soshite> + Adj2 + <desu>
Cch dng: <soshite> l t dng ni hai tnh t cng (r vi ngon ; p vi sch ;
t vi d.....) vi nhau, c ngha l khng nhng... m cn....
V d:
<HOCHIMINH shi wa nigiyaka desu, soshite kirei desu>

<Thnh ph H Ch Minh khng ch nhn nhp m cn sch s na.>
A
<A san wa minikui desu, soshite warui desu>
<Anh A khng nhng xu trai m cn xu bng na.>
e. Mu cu 5:
S + <wa> + Adj1 + <desu> + <ga> + Adj2 + <desu>
Cch dng: Mu cu ny tri ngc vi mu cu trn l dng ni hai tnh t m mt bn l
khen v mt no , cn bn kia th ch mt no (r nhng d ; p trai nhng xu bng........).
V d:
B

<Anh B tuy p trai nhng m xu bng.>
36

<betonamu no tabemono wa takai desu ga, oishii desu>
<Thc n ca Vit Nam tuy mc nhng m ngon.>
Bi 9
I. T VNG
<wakarimasu> : hiu
<arimasu> : c ( vt)
<sukina>: thch
<kiraina> : ght
<jouzuna>: .....gii
<hetana> : ......d
<ryouri> : vic nu nng thc n
<nomimono> : thc ung
<SUPO-TSU> : th thao
<yakyuu> : d cu
<DANSU> : khiu v
<ongaku> : m nhc
<uta> : bi ht
<KURASHIKKU> : nhc c in
<JAZU> : nhc jazz
<KONSA-TO> : bui ha nhc
<KARAOKE> : karaoke
<kabuki> : nhc kabuki ca Nht
<e> : tranh
<ji> : ch
<kanji> : ch Hn
<hiragana> : Ch Hiragana
<katakana> : ch Katakana
<RO-MAji> : ch romaji
<komakaiokane> : tin l
<CHIKETTO> : v
<jikan> : thi gian
<youji> : vic ring
<yakusoku> : hn
<goshujin> : chng (ca ngi khc)
/ <otto / shujin> : chng (ca mnh)
<okusan> : v (ca ngi khc)
/ <tsuma / kanai> : v (ca mnh)
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<kodomo> : tr con
( <yoku (wakarimasu)> : (hiu) r
<daigaku> : i hc
<takusan> : nhiu
<sukoshi> : mt cht
<zenzen~nai> : hon ton~khng
<daitai> : i khi
() <hayaku (kaerimasu)> : (v) sm
<hayaku> : nhanh
<~kara> : ~v, do
<doushite> : ti sao
<zannen desu ne> : ng tic tht
<moshimoshi> : alo
<ishshoni~ikaga desu ka> cng...c c khng?
() ..... <(~wa) chotto......> : th...(ng khng c)
<dame desu ka> : khng c phi khng ?
<matakondo onegaishimasu> : hn k sau
II. NG PHP - MU CU
*Ng php - Mu cu 1:
Ng php:
+ +
<mono ( vt)> + <ga> + (tnh cht) <arimasu> : c ci g ...
+ +
<mono ( vt)> + <ga> + (tnh cht) <arimasen>: khng c ci g ...
Mu cu:
+ + +
<~wa> + <mono ( vt)> + <ga> + <arimasu ka> : ai c ci g khng ?
V d:
Lan
<Lan chan wa nihongo no jisho ga arimasu ka>
(Lan c t in ting Nht khng?)

<hai, nihongo no jisho ga arimasu>
(Vng, ti c t in ting Nht)
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Quc
<Quc kun wa jitensha ga arimasu ka>
(Quc c xe p khng?)

<iie, jitensha ga arimasen>
(Khng, ti khng c xe p)
*Ng php - Mu cu 2:
Ng php:
Danh t + +
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <wakarimasu> : hiu vn g ...
Danh t + +
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <wakarimasen>: khng hiu vn g ...
Mu cu:
+ danh t + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> +<wakarimasu ka> : ai c hiu ci vn no khng ?
V d:
Bo
<Bo kun wa nihongo ga wakarimasu ka>
(Bo c hiu ting Nht khng ?)

<hai, watashi wa nihongo ga sukoshi wakarimasu>
(Vng, ti hiu cht cht>
Quc
<Quc kun wa kankokugo ga wakarimasu ka>
(Quc c hiu ting Hn Quc khng ?)

<iie, watashi wa kankokugo ga zenzen wakarimasen>
(Khng, ti hon ton khng hiu)
*Ng php - Mu cu 3:
Ng php:
Danh t +
+
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <suki> + <desu> : thch ci g ...

+
Danh t +
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <kirai> +<desu> : ght ci g ...
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Mu cu:
+ danh t + + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <suki> + <desu ka> : ai c thch ci g hay khng ?
+ danh t + + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <kirai> + <desu ka> : ai c ght ci g khng ?
V d:
Long
<Long kun wa nihongo ga suki desu ka>
(Long c thch ting Nht khng ?)

<hai, watashi wa nihongo ga totemo suki desu>
(Vng, ti rt thch ting Nht)
A
<A san wa KARAOKE ga suki desu ka>
(A c thch karaoke khng ?)

<iie, watashi wa KARAOKE ga amari suki ja arimasen>
(Khng, ti khng thch karaoke lm)
Ch : Cc bn nn hn ch dng <kirai> v t kh nhy cm vi ngi Nht, nu cc
bn ch hi khng thch th nn dng ph nh ca <suki> l <suki ja
arimasen> cng vi <amari> gim mc ca cu ni , tr khi mnh qu ght th .
*Ng php - Mu cu 4:
Ng php:
Danh t + + +
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <jouzu> + <desu> : gii ci g ...
Danh t + + +
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <heta> + <desu> : d ci g ...
Mu cu:
+ danh t + + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <jouzu> + <desu ka> : ai c gii v ci g khng ?
+ danh t + + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <heta> + <desu ka> : ai c d v ci g khng ?
V d:
B

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(B c gii ting Nht khng ?)

B
<iie, B san wa nihongo ga amari jouzu ja arimasen>
(Khng, B khng gii ting Nht lm)
A
<A san wa SUPO-TSU ga jouzu desu ka>
(A c gii th thao khng ?)
A
<hai, A san wa SUPO-TSU ga totemo jouzu desu>
(Vng, anh A rt gii th thao)
Ch : tng t nh trn, cc bn cng nn trnh dng <heta> v n c th gy mch lng
ngi khc y. Ch nn dng ph nh ca <jouzu> cng vi <amari> l
<amari jouzu ja arimasen> tr khi ngi qu d.
*Ng php - Mu cu 5:
Cu hi ti sao: <doushite~ka>
Cu tr li bi v:~<~kara>
V d:
A
<kesa A san wa gakkou e ikimasen deshi ta>
(Sng nay A khng n trng)
Bui ti, B sang nh hi A :
B:
B:<doushite kesa gakkou e ikimasen deshi ta ka><Ti sao sng nay bn khng n trng?>
A:
A:<watashi wa genki ja arimasen deshi ta kara>
(Bi v ti khng khe)
*Ng php - Mu cu 6:
V l do g nn lm ci g .
,
~
+ danh t + V
<~kara>, <~wa> + danh t + <wo> + <Vmasu>
V d:

<watashi wa nihongo no hon ga arimasen kara>
(Bi v ti khng c sch ting Nht>

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<watashi wa nihongo no hon wo kaimasu>

(Nn ti mua sch ting Nht)

<watashi wa okane ga takusan arimasu kara>
(Bi v ti c nhiu tin)

<watashi wa kuruma wo kaimasu>
(Nn ti mua xe hi)
*Ng php - Mu cu 7:
Ch ng + + danh t chung + + / +
Ch ng + <donna> + danh t chung + <ga> + <jouzu>/<suki> + <desu ka> : Ai c
gii/thch v mt loi ca mt lnh vc no .
V d:
A /
<A san wa donna SUPO-TSU ga suki / jouzu desu ka>
(Anh A thch/gii loi th thao no ?)
/
<watashi wa SAKKA- ga suki / jouzu desu>
(Ti thch/gii bng )
Bi 10
I. T VNG
<imasu> : c (ng vt)

<arimasu> : c ( vt)
<iroirona> : nhiu loi
<otoko no hito> : ngi n ng, con trai
<onna no hito> : ngi ph n, con gi
<inu> : con ch
<neko> : con mo
<ki> : cy
<mono> : vt
() <FIRUMU><(FUIRUMU)> : cun phim
<denchi> : cc pin
<hako> : ci hp
<SUICHCHI> : cng tc in
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<reizouko> : t lnh
<TE-BURU> : bn trn
<BEDDO> : ci ging
<tana> : ci k
<DOA> : ca ra vo
<mado> : ca s
<POSUTO> : thng th
<BIRU> : ta nh cao tng
<kouen> : cng vin
<kissaten> : qun nc
<honya> : tim sch
<ya> : hiu, sch
<noriba> : bn xe, bn ga, tu
<ken> : huyn (tng ng tnh ca VN)
<ue> : trn
<shita> : di
<mae> : trc
<ushiro> : sau
<migi> : bn phi
<hidari> : bn tri
<naka> : bn trong
<soto> : bn ngoi
<tonari> : bn cnh
<chikaku> : ch gn y
<tono aida> : giav
() <ya(nado)> : chng hnhay (hoc)
<ichiban> : nht
<danme> : ngn th
() <(doumo) sumimasen> : xin li
pha trong
<CHIRISO-SU> : tng t
<SUPAISUKO-NA-> : quy gia v
II. NG PHP - MU CU
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 1:
Ng Php:
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Noun + +
Noun + <ga> + <imasu> : c ai , c con g
Mu Cu:

<doko> + <ni> + <dare> + <ga> + <imasu ka> : u c ai vy ?
V d:

<kouen ni dare ga imasu ka>
(Trong cng vin c ai vy ?)

<kouen ni otoko no hito to onna no hito ga futari imasu>
(Trong cng vin c mt ngi n ng v mt ngi n b )
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 2:
Ng Php:
Cu hi c ci g hay ai khng ?
/ + + /
<dare / nani> + <ka> + <imasu ka / arimasu ka>
i vi lai cu hi ny, cu tr li bt buc phi l:
/
<hai, imasu / arimasu>
hoc l:
/
<iie, imasen / arimasen>
Ch :
Cc bn cn phn bit cu hi tr t <ga> v <ka> i vi ng t <imasu> v
<arimasu>
Cu hi c tr t <ga> l yu cu cu tr li phi l k ra (nu c) hoc nu khng c th phi
tr li l:
/ /
<nani / dare mo arimasen / imasen>
V d:
Tr t <ga>

<kouen ni dare ga imasu ka>
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(Trong cng vin c ai vy ?)

<kouen ni otoko no hito to onna no hito ga futari imasu>
(Trong cng vin c mt ngi n ng v mt ngi n b )
hoc l:

<kouen ni dare mo imasen>
(Trong cng vin khng c ai c)
Tr t <ka>
/ /
<kissaten ni dare / nani ka imasu ka / arimasu ka>
(Trong qun nc c ai / vt g khng ?)
/
<hai, imasu / arimasu>
(Vng c)
hoc l:
, /
<iie, imasen / arimasen>
(Khng c)
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 3:
Ng Php:
<shita (bn di)>
<ue ( trn)>
<mae (ng trc)>
<ushiro (ng sau>
<migi (bn phi)>
<hidari (bn tri)>
<naka (bn trong)>
<soto (bn ngoi)>
<tonari (bn cnh)>
<chikaku (ch gn y)>
<aida ( gia)>
Nhng t trn l nhng t ch v tr
+ + t xc nh v tr + + / + + /
<tokoro> + <no> + t xc nh v tr + <ni> + <dare> / <nani> + <ga> + <imasu ka / arimasu
ka> : u c ai hay vt g, con g
V d:

<sono hako no naka ni nani ga arimasu ka>
(Trong ci hp kia c ci g vy ?)

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<sono hako no naka ni hasami ga arimasu>

(Trong ci hp kia c ci ko)

<anata no kokoro no naka ni dare ga imasu ka>
(Trong tri tim ca bn c ngi no khng ?)

<watashi no kokoro no naka ni dare mo imasen>
(Trong tri tim ti khng c ai c)
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 4:
Ng Php:
Mu cu <arimasu> v <imasu> khng c tr t <ga>
Ch ng (ng vt, vt) + ni chn +
+ t ch v tr +

Ch ng (ng vt, vt) + ni chn + <no> + t ch v tr + <ni> + <arimasu> / <imasu>
V d:

<HANOI shi wa doko ni arimasu ka>
(Thnh ph H Ni u vy ?)

<HANOI shi wa betonamu ni arimasu>
(Thnh ph H Ni Vit Nam)
Khi vt no hay ai l ch ng th sau ni chn v trc ng t <arimasu> v
<imasu> khng cn tr t <ga>
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 5:
Ng Php:
()<ya(nado)> : Chng hn nh....
V d:

<kono kyoushitsu no naka ni nani ga arimasu ka>
(Trong phng hc ny c ci g vy ?)
Cch 1:
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<kono kyoushitsu no naka ni tsukue to hon to enpitsu to kaban to jisho ga arimasu>
(Trong phng hc ny c bn, sch, bt ch, cp, t in.)
Cch 2:

<kono kyoushitsu no naka ni tsukue ya hon nado ga arimasu>
(Trong phng hc ny c nhiu th chng hn nh bn, sch...)
Nh vy cch dng ()<ya(nado)> dng rt ngn cu tr li, khng cn phi
lit k ht ra.
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 6:
Ng Php:
Danh t 1 + + Danh t 2 + + Danh t 3 + + + +
/
Danh t 1 + <wa> + Danh t 2 + <to> + Danh t 3 + <no> + <aida> + <ni> + <arimasu> /
<imasu>
Hoc:
Danh t 2 + + Danh t 3 + + + + Danh t 3 + +
/
Danh t 2 + <to> + Danh t 3 + <no> + <aida> + <ni> + Danh t 3 + <ga> + <arimasu> /
<imasu>
V d:

<kissaten wa honya to hanaya no aida ni arimasu>
(Qun nc th gia tim sch v tim hoa)
Hoc:

<honya to hanaya no aida ni kissaten ga arimasu>
( gia tim sch v tim bn hoa c mt qun nc)
Bi 11
I T VNG
<imasu> : c (ng vt)

[] [nihon ni imasu] : Nht Bn
<kakarimasu> : mt, tn
<yasumimasu> :ngh ngi
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<hitotsu> : 1 ci ( vt)
<futatsu> : 2 ci
<mittsu> : 3 ci
<yottsu> : 4 ci
<itsutsu> : 5 ci
<muttsu> : 6 ci
<nanatsu> : 7 ci
<yattsu> : 8 ci
<kokonotsu> : 9 ci
<too> : 10 ci
<ikutsu> : bao nhiu ci
<hitori> : 1 ngi
<futari> : 2 ngi
<nin> : ngi
<dai> : ci, chic (my mc)
<mai> : t, (nhng vt mng nh o, giy...)
<kai> : ln, tng lu
<ringo> : qu to
<mikan> : qut
<SANDOICHCHI> : sandwich
() <KARE(RAISU)> : (cm) c ri
<AISUKURIMU> : kem
<kitte> : tem
<hagaki> : bu thip
<fuutou> : phong b
<sokutatsu> : chuyn pht nhanh
<kakitome> :gi bo m
<EAMERU> : (gi bng) ng hng khng
<funabin> : gi bng ng tu
<ryoushin> : b m
<kyoudai> : anh em
<ani> : anh trai (ti)
<oniisan> : anh trai (bn)
<ane> : ch gi (ti)
<oneesan> : ch gi (bn)
<otouto> : em trai (ti)
<otoutosan> : em trai (bn)
<imouto> : em gi (ti)
<imoutosan> : em gi (bn)
<gaikoku> : nc ngoi
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<jikan> : ting, gi ng h
<shuukan> : tun
<kagetsu> : thng
<nen> : nm
<gurai> : khong
<donokurai> : bao lu
<zenbude> : tt c, ton b
<minna> : mi ngi
<dake> : ch
<irashshaimase> : xin mi qy khch
() <ii (o)tenki desu ne> : tri p qu nh !
<odekake desu ka> : i ra ngoi y h ?
<chotto made> : nmt cht
<itteirashshai> : (anh) i nh (lch s hn)
<itterashshai> : (anh) i nh
<itte mairimasu> : (ti) i y (lch s hn)
<itte kimasu> : (ti) i y
<sorekara> : sau
<OSUTORARIA> : nc c
II NG PHP - MU CU
Mu Cu - Ng Php 1:
* Ng Php:
V tr ca s lng trong cu : ng sau tr t <ga>, <wo>
* Mu Cu:
Danh t + + / / / / ... + /
Danh t + <ga> + <tsu / nin / dai / mai / kai...> + arimasu / imasu
* V d:

<ima, kouen no naka ni otoko no hito ga hitori imasu>
(By gi trong cng vin c mt ngi n ng.)

<watashi wa SHATSU ga ni mai arimasu>
(Ti c hai ci o s mi.)
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Mu Cu - Ng Php 2:
* Ng Php:
Yu cu ai a cho mnh ci g : <wo> + <kudasai>
* Mu Cu:
Danh t + <wo> + s lng + <kudasai>
* V d:
<kami wo ni mai kudasai>
(a cho ti hai t giy, lm n)
Mu Cu - Ng Php 3:
* Ng Php:
Trong khong thi gian lm c vic g : tr t <ni>
* Mu Cu:
Khong thi gian + <ni> + V <V masu>
* V d:

<ish shuukan ni san kai nihon go wo benkyoushi masu>
(Ti hc ting Nht mt tun ba ln.)
Mu Cu - Ng Php 4:
* Ng Php:
<dono kurai> c s dng hi khong thi gian lm ci g .
<gurai> t sau s lng c ngha l khong bao nhiu .
* Mu Cu:
<dono kurai> + danh t + <wo> + V <V masu>
danh t + <ga> + s lng + <gurai> + / <arimasu / imasu>
* V d:
Long
<Long san wa dono kurai nihon go wo benkyoushi mashita ka>
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(Anh Long hc ting Nht c bao lu ri ?)

< san nen benkyoushi mashita>
(Ti hc ting Nht c 3 nm)

<kono gakkou ni sensei ga sanjuu nin gurai imasu>
(Trong trng ny c khong ba mi gio vin.)
Lu : Cch dng cc t hi s lng cng tng t tc l cc t hi vn ng sau tr t.
* V d:

<anata no uchi ni TEREBI ga nan dai
arimasu ka>
(Nh ca bn c bao nhiu ci ti vi ?)

<watashi no uchi ni TEREBI ga ichi dai dake arimasu>
(Nh ca ti ch c mt ci ti vi.)
A
<A san no gokazoku ni hito ga nan nin imasu ka>
(Gia nh ca anh A c bao nhiu ngi vy ?)

<watashi no kazoku ni hito ga yo nin imasu>
(Gia nh ti c 4 ngi.)
Bi 12
II NG PHP
* Ng php 1:
Gii thiu v cch s dng Tnh t , Tnh t <na>
( Xin xem li BI 8 )
* Ng php 2:
C php ca cu so snh hn:
Noun 1 + + Noun 2 + + Adj +
Noun 1 + <wa> + Noun 2 + <yori> + Adj + <desu>
* V d:

<BETONAMU ryouri wa nihon ryouri yori yasui desu>
(Thc n ca Vit Nam th r hn thc n Nht Bn)

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<kono kuruma wa ano kurama yori ookii desu>

(Chic xe hi ny th ln hn chic xe hi kia)
* Ng php 3:
C php ca cu hi so snh:
Noun 1 + + Noun 2 + + + + Adj +
Noun 1 + <to> + Noun 2 + <to> + <dochira> + <ga> + Adj + <desu ka>
C php ca cu tr li:
Noun + + + + Adj +
Noun + <no> + <hou> + <ga> + Adj + <desu ka>
* V d:
A B
<A san to B san to dochira ga HANSAMU desu ka>
(Gia anh A v anh B th ai p trai hn ?)
A
<A san no hou ga HANSAMU desu>
(Anh A p trai hn)
* Ng php 4:
C php ca cu so snh nht:
<doko>
<itsu>
<dare>
Noun + <de> + <nani> + <ga> + <ichiban> + Adj + <desu ka>
<dore>
<.......>
* V d:

<BETONAMU de doko ga ichiban nigiyaka desu ka>
( Vit Nam th ni no l nhn nhp nht vy ?)

<BETONAMU de HO-CHIMIN shi ga ichiban nigiyaka desu>
( Vit Nam th thnh ph H Ch Minh l nhn nhp nht)

<gokazoku de dare ga ichiban sega takai desu ka>
(Trong gia nh bn th ai l ngi cao nht?)
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<kazoku de chichi ga ichiban sega takai desu>
(Trong gia nh th cha ti l ngi cao nht)
Bi 13
II NG PHP
* Ng php 1:
+ + + + ()
<Mono> ( vt) + <ga> + <hoshii> + <desu> + <(ka)>
Cch dng: Dng biu th mun c mt ci g .
V d:

<ima, anata wa nani ga hoshii desu ka>
(By gi bn mun ci g ?)

<watashi wa PAN ga hoshii desu>
(Ti mun c mt bnh m.)
* Ng php 2:
+ (, ) + V + + ()
<Nani> + <ga(wo, e)> + V<tai> + <desu> + <(ka)>
ng t trng ng php ny c ui l <tai>, cch i nh sau:
b <masu> thm <tai>
<tabe masu> --------------> <tabe> ---------------> <tabe tai> : mun n
<ne masu> --------------> <ne> ---------------> <ne tai> : mun ng
Cch dng: Ni ln c mun c lm g .
V d:

<ashita, anata wa nani wo shitai desu ka>
(Bn mun lm g vo ngy mai ?)

<ashita, watashi wa inaka e kaeri tai desu>
(Ngy mai ti mun tr v qu.)
A
<A san wa nani wo tabe tai desu ka>
(Anh A mun n mn g vy ?)
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(watashi wa tempura wo tabe tai desu>
(Ti mun n mn tempura)
Ch : Khi m cu hi l <hoshii> th cu tr li phi l <hoshii>. Cn cu hi l
<tai> th cu tr li cng phi l <tai>
* Trng hp ph nh ca tnh t <hoshii> v V <tai> (y l ng t nhng ph
nh nh tnh t)
- V y l tnh t nn ph nh ca n s l:
b thm <kunai>
<hoshii> ---------> <hoshi> ------------------> <hoshi kunai> (khng
mun)
V <tai> ---------> V <ta> ------------------> V <takunai> (khng mun lm)
V d:

<watashi wa tomodachi ga hoshi kunai desu>
(Ti khng mun c bn.) (C n )

<watashi wa PAN ga tabe takunai desu>
(Ti khng mun n bnh m.)
* Ng php 3:
Noun (ni chn) + <e> +Noun (V khng <masu> + <ni> + <iki masu> /
<ki masu> / <kaeri masu>
Cch dng: Dng khi mun biu th rng : i n u lm g .
V d:
* ng t

<watashi wa nihon e nihongo wo benkyoushi ni iki tai desu>
(Ti mun n Nht Bn hc ting Nht.)
* Danh t

<ashita, watashi wa kyouto no omatsuri ni iki masu>
(Ngy mai ti i n l hi Tokyo)
Bi 14
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II NG PHP
Ng php bi ny rt l kh, v y l mt trong nhng ng php thng xuyn dng trong ting
Nht, nu khng nm k phn ny, cc bn s khng th no bc ln tip uc.
* Ng php 1:
<te kei>(TH TE)
Trc gi chc hn cc bn khi hc ng t u ch hc qua ch khng h l ng t trong
ting Nht c chia lm 3 nhm. Trc khi vo th <Te>, cc bn cn phi nm vng v bit
cch phn bit ng t no nhm no.
A CC NHM NG T
1) NG T NHM I
ng t nhm I l nhng ng t c ui l ct (trc <masu> tc l nhng ch sau
y:
, <shi>, <chi>, <ri>, <hi>, <gi>, <ki>, <ni>...
V d:
<asobi masu> : i chi
<yobi masu> : gi
<nomi masu> : ung
...........
Tuy nhin cng c mt s ng t c gi l c bit. Nhng ng t tuy c ui l ct
 nhng c th n nm trong nhm II, hoc nhm III. Tuy nhin nhng ng t nh th khng
nhiu.
V d:
<abi masu> : tm (thuc nhm II)
<kari masu> : mn (thuc nhm II)
<ki masu> : n (thuc nhm III)
2) NG T NHM II
ng t nhm II l nhng ng t c ui l ct <e>(trc <masu> tc l nhng ch sau
y:
<e>, <se>, <ke>, <ne>, <te>, <be>.....
V d:
<tabe masu> : n
<ake masu> : m
..........
ng t nhm ny th hu nh khng c ngoi l (t ra l ti thi im Hira ang hc) .
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3) NG T NHM III
ng t nhm III c gi l DANH - NG T. Tc l nhng ng t c ui l ch
<shi>, v khi b <masu> v <shi> ra th ci phn trc n s tr thnh danh t.
V d: b <masu>
<benkyoushi masu>: hc ---------------><benkyou> : vic hc
: hc ---------------> : vic hc
<kaimonoshi masu>: mua sm --------------><kaimono> : s mua sm
: mua sm --------------> : s mua sm
.......
Tuy nhin cng c mt vi ng t cng c ui l <shi> nhng khng phi l danh ng t.
V d:
<hanashi masu> : ni chuyn.
.............
B TH TE
Vy th Te l g ? Th Te l mt dng khc ca ng t. Trc gi cc bn hc qua ng t
nhng th <masu>, v nhng ng t c ui l <masu>. V by gi th Te chnh
l t th masu chuyn thnh da vo mt s quy tc. y l quy tc c bn:
1) NG T NHM I
Cc bn bit th no l ng t nhm I, v y cng l nhm c cch chia rc ri nht.
* Nhng ng t c ui l <ki>, cc bn s i thnh .
V d:
b <masu>, i <ki> thnh 
<kaki masu> : vit --------------------------------><kaite>
: vit -------------------------------->
<kikimasu> : nghe-------------------------------><kiite>
: nghe------------------------------->
<aruki masu> : i b-------------------------------><aruite>
: i b ------------------------------->
* Nhng ng t c ui l <gi> cc bn s i thnh .
V d:
56
b <masu>, i <ki> thnh 

<oyogi masu>: bi ----------------------------------------------><oyoide>
: bi ---------------------------------------------->
<isogi masu> : vi v--------------------------------------------><isoide>
: vi v ------------------------------------------->
* Nhng ng t c ui l <mi>, <bi> cc bn s i thnh <n de>
V d:
b <masu>, <mi>,(<bi> . Thm <n de>
<nomi masu> : ung ---------------------------------------><nonde>
: ung --------------------------------------->
<yobi masu> : gi ---------------------------------------><yonde>
: gi --------------------------------------->
<yomi masu> : c ---------------------------------------><yonde>
: c ---------------------- ---------------->
i vi hai ng t <yobi masu> v <yomi masu> th khi chia th <te>,
cc bn phi xem xt ng cnh ca cu bit c n l ng t <yobi masu> hay
ng t <yomi masu>.
* Nhng ng t c ui l , <chi>, <ri> cc bn i thnh <tsu nh v ch te>
(khng bit phi vit sao
V d:
b <masu>,<ri>,( ,(<chi> . Thm <tsu nh v ch te>
<magari masu>:quo ----------------------------------------><magatte>
:quo ---------------------------------------->
<kai masu> : mua ----------------------------------------><katte>
: mua ---------------------------------------->
<nobori masu> : leo ----------------------------------------><nobotte>
: leo ----------------------------------------->
<shiri masu> : bit -----------------------------------------><shitte>
: bit ----------------------------------------->
* Nhng ng t c ui l <shi> th ch cn thm <te>
V d:
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b <masu> thm <te>

<oshi masu> : n -----------------------><oshi te>
: n ----------------------->
<dashi masu>: gi-----------------------><dashi te>
: gi ---------------------->
<keshi masu> : tt----------- -----------><keshi te>
: tt----------------------->
* Ring ng t <iki masu> do l ng t c bit ca nhm I nn s chia nh sau:
b <masu>, <ki>. Thm <tsu nh v te>
<iki masu> : i---------------------------------><itte>
: i--------------------------------->
2) NG T NHM II
- Cc bn bit th no l ng t nhm II, v y l nhm c cch chia n gin nht.
* i vi ng t nhm II, cc bn ch cn b <masu> thm <te>.
V d:
b <masu> thm <te>
<tabe masu> : n -------------------------------><tabete>
: n ------------------------------->
<ake masu> : m -------------------------------><akete>
: m ------------------------------->
<hajime masu> : bt u----------------------------><hajimete>
:bt u --------------------------->
* Mt s ng t sau y l ng t c bit thuc nhm II, cch chia nh sau:
b <masu> thm <te>
<abi masu> : tm----------------------------><abite>
: tm---------------------------->
<deki masu> : c th-------------------------><dekite>
: c th--------------------->
 : c------------------------------><ite>
: c------------------------------>
<oki masu> : thc dy----------------------><okite>
: thc dy---------------------->
<ori masu> : xung (xe)------------------><orite>
58
: xung (xe)------------------>
<kari masu> : mn-------------------------><karite>
: mn------------------------->
3)ng t nhm III
- Cc bn bit th no l ng t nhm III. V nhm ny cch chia cng v cng n gin.
V d:
b <masu> thm <te>
<shi masu> : lm, v ---------------------------><shi te>
: lm, v --------------------------->
<sanposhi masu>: i do ---------------------------><sanposhite>
: i do --------------------------->
<benkyoushi masu>:hc ----------------------------><benkyoushite>
: hc --------------------------->
y l ng t c bit nhm III:
<ki masu> : i --------------------><kite>
: i -------------------->
* Ng php 2:
- Yu cu ai lm g : ng t trong mu cu ny c chia th <te>, th cc bn va mi
hc.
V <te> + <kudasai> : Yu cu ai lm g .
V d:

<koko ni namae to juusho wo kaite kudasai>
(Lm n vit tn v a ch ca bn vo ch ny)

<watashi no machi wo kite kudasai>
(Hy n thnh ph ca ti)
* Ng php 3:
- Din t hnh ng ang lm ( tng t nh th hin ti tip din trong ting Anh y m)
V <te> + <imasu> : khng nh
V <te> + <imasen> : ph nh
V d:
*
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<MIRA san wa ima denwa wo kakete imasu>

(Anh Mira ang gi in thoi)
*
<ima ame ga futte imasu ka>
(By gi ma ang ri phi khng ?)
+
<hai, futte imasu>
(, ng vy)
+
<iie, futte imasen>
(Khng, khng c ma)
* Ng php 3:
- Hi ngi khc rng mnh c th lm iu g cho h khng ?
V <masu> + <mashou> +<ka>
V d:

<kasa wo kashi mashou ka>
(Ti cho bn mn mt cy d nh ?)

<sumimasen. onegaishi masu>
(Vng, lm n.)
Bi 15
II NG PHP
Ng php bi ny vn thuc th <te>. V th <te> th xin cc bn xem li bi 14.
* Ng php 1:
- Hi mt ngi no rng mnh c th lm mt iu g khng ? Hay bo mt ai rng h c th
lm iu g .
V <te> + <mo ii desu> + <ka>
V d:

<shashin wo totte mo ii desu>
(Bn c th chp hnh)

<tabako wo sutte mo ii desu ka>
60
(Ti c th ht thuc khng ?)

* Ng php 2:
- Ni vi ai rng h khng c php lm iu g .
V <te> + <wa> + <ikemasen>
- Lu rng ch <wa> trong mu cu ny v y l ng php nn khi vit phi vit ch
<ha> trong bng ch, nhng vn c l <wa>.
V d:

<koko de tabako wo sutte wa ikemasen>
(Bn khng c php ht thuc y)

<sensei, koko de asonde mo ii desu ka>
(Tha ngi, chng con c th chi y c khng ?)
*
<hai, ii desu>
(c ch.)
*
<iie, ikemasen>
(Khng, cc con khng c php)
Lu : i vi cu hi m c cu trc V <te> + <wa> + <ikemasen> th nu
bn tr li l:
* <hai> th i sau n phi l <ii desu> : c php
* <iie> th i sau n phi l <ikemasen> : khng c php
Lu : i vi ng t <shitte imasu> c ngha l bit th khi chuyn sang ph nh l <shiri
masen>
V d:

<watashi no denwa bango wo shitte imasu ka>
(Bn c bit s in thoi ca ti khng ?)
*
<hai, shitte imasu>
(Bit ch)
*
<iie, shirimasen>
(Khng, mnh khng bit)
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Bi 16
I/Ng php+ Mu cu 1
Ng php:Cch ghp cc cu n thnh cu ghp bng cch dng th
Mu cu:V1 V2 V
Vidu:
Ti dy vo lc 6 gi sng, n sng , ri n trng.
Ti qua, ti lm bi tp, xem ti vi, c sch mt cht ri ng.

II/ Ng php+Mu cu 2
*Ng php:Ni 2 hnh ng li vi nhau. Sau khi lm ci g ri lm ci g .
*Mu cu:V1
*V d:
Sau khi n cm th ti i xem phim.
III/Ng php +Mu cu 3
*Ng php:Ni v c im ca ai , ca ci g hoc mt ni no .
*Mu cu:N1 N2 A
N y l danh t, N2 l thuc tnh ca N1, A l tnh t b ngha cho N2.
*V d:
+
Nht Bn th c nhiu ni.
+HaNoi Pho
H Ni th ph ngon.
IV/ Ng php+Mu cu 4
*Ng php: Cch ni cu i vi tnh t
*Mu cu:
Tnh t ui b thm
Tnh t ui b thm
*V d:
Cn phng ny va rng va sng
C ta va p va tt bng.
Bi 17
I\ Mu cu yu cu ai khng lm g y.
*Cu trc : V
-Cch chia sang th
_Cc ng t thuc nhm I: Tn cng ca ng t l
th tng ng khi chuyn sang th se l
62
~V d:
(Khng ht ...)
( Khng i ...)
_Cc ng t thuc nhm II: Tn cng ca ng t thng l
tuy nhin cng c nhng ngoi l l nhng ng t tuy tn cng khng phi vn
vn thuc nhm II. Trong khi hc cc bn nn nh nhm ca ng t . Cc ng t nhm II
khi chuyn sang th th ch vic thay bng .
~V d: -> ( Khng n...)
-> ( Khng cho vo...)
_Cc ng t thuc nhm III: l nhng ng t tn cng thng l khi chuyn sang th
th b thm ~V d: -> ( ng lo lng...)
** -> Khng n..)
~V d cho phn ng php:
Xin ng ht thuc
Xin ng qun tin

II\ Mu cu phi lm g :
* Cu trc: V ->V Th
b thay bng
~V d:
Ti phi lm bi tp
Ti phi ung thuc

III\ Mu cu khng lm g cng c
*Cu trc: V ->V ( B thay bng
~V d:
Khng n sng cng c
Ngy mai khng n trng cng c
Bi 18
II NG PHP
Bi ny, chng ta s c hc mt th mi (theo gio trnh Minna) nhng qu quen vi mt
s gio trnh khc. l th :
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<jishokei> (Th t in) hay cn gi l th nguyn mu thc cht l th nguyn mu

ca mi ng t. Khi ngi Nht qua y dy ting Nht, v lch s h dng
<nagaikatachi> (tc th <masu> dy chng ta. V th cc bn thy tt c mi ng t
chng ta hc t trc n gi u bt u th <masu> trc ri mi chuyn qua cc th
khc. Th nhng iu li gy kh khn cho chng ta cch chia ng t, bi v thc cht
chia t th nguyn mu sang cc th khc li d hn l t th <masu> chia sang cc th
khc. Tuy nhin nu bn no c th tip thu tt th ci kh khn ny ch l g c.
V d:
+ Chia t th <masu> sang th mnh lnh (th ngn ca <tekudasai> sau ny s hc)
----------->
kakimasu---------->kake
------------>
machimasu----------- > mate
+ Chia t th nguyn mu sang th mnh lnh
----------->
kaku ----------->kake
------------>
matsu------------> mate
Nhn th cc bn cng bit cch no d chia hn phi khng.
Th nhng chng ta qu quen vi cch chia th nht nn chng ta s khng thay i. Cn
cch chia th hai th l ca trng Sakura s dng (V Hira hc song song hai bn nn bit)
A TH NGUYN MU
INHM I
i vi ng t nhm I cc bn b <masu> v chuyn ui t ct (i) sang ct (u)
V d:
b <masu> i ct (i) thnh ct (u)
------------------------>------------------------------> : vit
kakimasu kaki kaku
------------------------>------------------------------> : mua
kaimasu kai kau
64
------------------------>------------------------------> : ci ra
nugimasu nugi nugu
------------------------->-----------------------------> : a, trao, np
dashimasu dashi dasu
------------------------>------------------------------> : ng
tachimasu tachi tatsu
----------------------->-------------------------------> : gi
yobimasu yobi yobu
----------------------->-------------------------------> : c
yomimasu yomi yomu
------------------------>------------------------------- > : chp (hnh)
torimasu tori toru
IINHM II
i vi ng t nhm II th rt l n gin. Cc bn ch vic b <masu>, thm <ru>
V d:
b <masu> thm <ru>
-------------------------------------> :n
tabemasu taberu
-----------------------------------> : nh
oboemasu oboeru
---------------------------------> : suy ngh
kangaemasu kangaeru
-------------------------------------> : tm (ng t c bit)
abimasu abiru
-------------------------------------> : c th (dng t c bit)
dekimasu dekiru
IINHM II
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i vi ng t nhm III, th i ui <shimasu> thnh <suru>

V d:
i ui <shimasu> thnh <suru>
-------------------------------------------------> : hc
benkyoushimasu benkyousuru
-------------------------------------------------> : kt hn
kekkonshimasu kekkonsuru
-------------------------------------------------> : n (ng t c bit)
kimasu kuru
B NG PHP
INg php 1:
+Ai c th, c kh nng lm g .
+Chia ng t th nguyn mu cng vi <koto ga dekimasu>
C php:
Noun + + V( + + +
Noun +wo + V(jishokei) + koto + ga + dekimasu
V d:

<watashi wa 100 ME-TORU oyogu koto ga dekimasu>
(Ti c th bi 100 mt)
A
A
A san wa kanji wo 300 ji oboeru koto ga dekimasen
(Anh A khng th nh 300 ch kanji)
IINg php 2:
+i vi ng t chia th nguyn mu cng vi <maeni>
danh t cng vi <no> cng vi <maeni>
thi gian cng vi <maeni>
C php:
66
Noun + + V() + : Trc khi lm ci g ,.........

Noun + wo + V(jishokei) + maeni
Noun + + : Trc ci g ,................
Noun + no + maeni
+ : Cch y........,..............
jikan + maeni
V d:

<watashi wa mainichi neru maeni, manga wo yondeimasu>
(Mi ngy trc khi ng, ti u c truyn tranh)

<shiken no maeni, benkyoushita bunpou wo fukushuushi nakerebanarimasen>
(Trc k thi, phi n li nhng vn phm hc)
DamSen
DamSen
<3 nen maeni, DamSen kouen e kimashita>
(Cch y 3 nm ti n cng vin m Sen)
IIINg php 3:
+ S thch l g
+ Chia ng t (nu c) th nguyn mu cng vi <kotodesu>
C php:
Noun + V() + +
Noun + V(jishokei) + koto + desu
V d:
Q : A
A
A san, goshumi wa nan desu ka
(A san, s thch ca bn l g vy)
A :

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watashi no shumi wa manga wo yomu koto desu

(S thch ca mnh l c truyn tranh)
Bi 19
II NG PHP
ATH <TA>
Ng php bi ny cng s thuc v mt th mi m khng mi. l th <ta>. V sao khng
mi, l v cch chia ca th ny cng y chang nh cch chia ca th <te>. Cc bn ch vic
chia nh th <te> v thay <te> thnh <ta>
V d:
-------------------->--------> : vit (nhm I)
kakimasu kaite kaita
-------------------->-------- > : c (nhm I)
yomimasu yonde yonda
-------------------->--------> : n (nhm II)
tabemasu tabete tabeta
--------->--------> : hc (nhm III)
benkyoushimasu benkyoushite benkyoushita
B NG PHP
INg php 1:
+ tng lm vic g cha ?
+ Chia ng t th <ta> cng vi <koto ga arimasu>
C php:
Noun + + V() +
Noun + wo + V(ta) + koto ga ari masu
V d:

<watashi wa okinawa e itta koto ga arimasu>
(Ti tng i n okinawa)

68

<watashi wa sushi wo tabeta koto ga arimasu>
(Ti tng n sushi)
IINg php 2:
+ Lit k nhng vic lm mt cch tng trng.
+ Trc kia cc bn hc cch lit k nhng vic lm bng cch chia th <te> ca ng t,
nhng nu dng cch th phi k ht tt c nhng vic mnh lm ra. Cn ng php ny th
cc bn ch lit k mt s vic lm tng trng thi.
+ Chia th <ta> ca ng t, cng vi <ri>. ng t cui l <shimasu> v dch l
"no l....,no l......"
C php:
V1() + , + V2() + , + V3() + +.........+
V1(ta) + <ri> , + V2(ta) + <ri> , + V3(ta) + <ri> +........ + <shimasu> : no l...,no l......
V d:
A
A
<A san, maiban nani wo shimasu ka>
(A san, mi bui ti bn thng lm g vy ?)

<Maiban, watashi wa hon wo yonda ri, TEREBI wo mita ri shimasu>
(Ti th, mi bui ti no l c sch, no l xem ti vi....>
IIINg php 3:
+ Tr nn nh th no .
C php:
Danh t + <ni> + <narimasu>
Tnh t (i) (b i) + <ku> + <narimasu>
Tnh t (na) + <ni> + <narimasu>
V d:

<TERESA chan wa, se ga taka ku narimashita>

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HOCHIMINH
HOCHIMINH
<Ima, HOCHIMINH shi wa kirei ni narimashita>
(By gi, thnh ph H Ch Minh tr nn sch s hn ri>

<kotoshi, watashi wa 17 sai ni narimashita>
(Nm nay, ti ln 17 tui ri)
Bi 20
II - NG PHP
Ng php bi ny l mt ng php cc k cc k quan trng m nu khng hiu n, cc bn s rt
kh khn khi hc ln cao v lng tng trong vic giao tip vi ngi Nht.
Xin gii thiu:
<futsuukei> (ng Du)
<mijikaikatachi> (Sakura)
C hai cch gi m trng ng Du v Sakura s dng u ch ni v TH NGN. Nhng m
cch ging v mt s ch trong bi hc th hi khc nhau. y Hira s ghi theo kinh nghim
ca mnh.
A - Gii thiu:
Th ngn l th chuyn dng trong vn ni, trong vn vit khng nn dng.
Ngi Nht dng n :
- Giao tip vi ngi thn ca mnh, ngi trong gia nh mnh
- Giao tip vi ngi nh hn mnh, chc v nh hn mnh (cp di trong cng ty)
v dng rt thng xuyn trong cuc sng.
Hn cc bn hc gio trnh Minna s thc mc ti sao khi ngi Nht dy ting Nht cho chng
ta li dy bng th di (th <masu> m cc bn ang hc) ? n gin l v lch s.
Th ngn khng c dng cho :
- Ngi mi quen ln u, ngi khng thn thit.
- Cp trn ca mnh
Do vy bt buc h phi dng th di dy chng ta.
Th th ngn c kh khng. Xin tha khng, t nht l vi ng t . V nu cc bn hc k bi v
cc th ca ng t t bi 1-19 th coi nh hon tt 3/4 ng php ca bi ny. Phn cn li ch
70
l "ru ria" thi.

B - Cch chia v mt s im cn ch :
Th ngn s c 3 loi : Th ngn ca ng t
Th ngn ca danh t v tnh t <na>
Th ngn ca tnh t 
1 - NG T
Khng nh hin ti:
V() -----------> V ()
V<masu>----------- > V <jishokei>
V d:
----------------->
----------------->
<hanashimasu> ---------------- > <hanasu> : ni
<tabemasu> ------------------> <taberu> : n
------------------>
----------------- >
----------------- >
----------------->
<benkyoushimasu> ----------------> <benkyousuru> : hc
Ph nh hin ti:
V()
----------> V()
V<masen> -----------> V<nai>
V d:
----------------->
---------------->
<hanashimasen> ----------------> <hanasanai> : khng ni
----------------->
--------------- >
<tabemasen> ----------------- > <tabenai> : khng n
-------------------->
-------------------->
<benkyoushinai> -------------------> <benkyoushinai> : khng hc
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Khng nh qu kh:
V()
-----------------> V()
V<mashita> ----------------> V<ta>
V d:
----------------->
----------------->
<hanashimashita> ---------------> <hanashita> : ni
<tabemashita> ----------------> <tabeta> : n
------------------>
----------------->
----------------->
----------------->
<benkyoushimashita> --------------> <benkyoushita> : hc
Ph nh qu kh:
V()
-------->
V()
V<masendeshita>------> V<nakatta>
V d:
------------->
-------------->
<hanashimasendeshita> -----------> <hanasanakatta> : khng ni
--------------->
--------------->
<tabemasendeshita> -------------> <tabenakatta> : khng n
--------------->
------------->
<benkyoushimasendeshita> -------- > <benkyoushinakatta> : khng hc
Cc bn hiu cha no? Nu nhn xt k th cc bn s thy:
- Cc th ca ng t m cc bn tng hc trong cc bi trc theo cc th u th hin c
trng ca th .
(VD: ng php trong bi th <nai> u ni v ph nh, th <ta> th v qu kh...)
- Cc ng t b <masu> + <tai> (mun) hoc ang th <nai> th uc coi nh l mt tnh t
 v chia theo tnh t 
VD:
<tabemasu> (ng t) ----------> <tabenai> (tnh t ---------> <tabenakatta>
72
<tabemasu> (ng t) ----------> <tabetai> (tnh t --------> <tabetakunai>

2 - DANH T V TNH T <NA>
Do danh t v tnh t c cch chia ging nhau.
Khng nh hin ti:
Danh t (tnh t <na> + (
-------------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + (
Danh t (tnh t <na> + <desu> -------------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + <da>
V d:
-------------------------->
------------------------- >
<ame desu> -------------------------> <ame da> : ma
------------------------->
------------------------->
<shinsetsu desu> ------------------> <shinsetsu da> : t t

Ph nh hin ti:
Danh t (tnh t <na> + ( ---------------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + (
Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja arimasen> ------------- > Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja nai>
V d:
-------------------->
------------------->
<ame ja arimasen> --------------------> <ame ja nai> : khng ma
------------------->
------------------->
<shinsetsu ja arimasen> -------- > <shinsetsu ja nai> : khng t t

Khng nh qu kh:
Danh t (tnh t <na> + ( -----------------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + (
Danh t (tnh t <na> + <deshita> -------------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + <datta>
V d:
------------------------>
----------------------- >
<ame deshita> ---------------------> <ame datta> : ma
---------------------->
---------------------- >
<shinsetsu desu> ---------------> <shinsetsu da> : t t

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Ph nh qu kh:
Danh t (tnh t <na> + ( ------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + (
Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja arimasendeshita> -> Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja nakatta>
V d:
----------------->
---------------->
<ame ja arimasendeshita> --------------> <ame janakatta> : khng ma
---------------->
---------------->
<shinsetsu ja arimasendeshita> -------> <shinsetsu janakatta> : khng t t

3 - TNH T 
Tnh t ny th cc bn ch vic b desu thi. V chia theo bnh thng
V d:
--------------------> : cao
--------------------->
<takai desu>------------------> <takai>
------------------> : khng cao
----------------->
<takakunai desu>--------------> <takakunai>
-----------------> : cao
----------------->
<takakatta desu>---------------> <takakatta>
-----------------> : khng cao
----------------->
<takakunakatta desu>------------> <takakunakatta>

Mt s im cn ch :
- Khi dng th ngn hi, ngi Nht ln ging cui cu.(Mi tn cui ch l ln ging)
V d:
NI BNH THNG HI
---------------->
- -------------->
<hanashimasu> --------------> <hanasu> : ni
74
- Cu hi - <Nan desu ka> - ci g s c ni tt l - <nani>
Bi 21
I/Mu cu: Ti ngh l.....
* Nu cm tng, cm ngh , kin v s phng on ca mnh v 1 vn no .
-Cu trc:
V (Th thng thng)+
A
A
N
-V d:
~
)
Hm nay, ti ngh rng thy INOUE s khng ti.
~
Ti ngh rng bi kim tra tun sau s kh.
~
Ti ngh rng ngi Nht th thn thin
~
Ti ngh rng Nht th giao thng tin li.
II/Mu cu s dng khi hi ai ngh v 1 vn no nh th no
-Cu trc:
~N~
V N th bn ngh nh th no.
-V d:
Bn ngh nh th no v giao thng Nht Bn.
Bn ngh th no v ting Nht.

III/Mu cu dng truyn li dn trc tip v truyn li dn gin tip
A-Truyn li dn trc tip
-Cu trc:
Li dn trc tip
-V d:
Trc ba n th phi ni g?
Trc ba n th ni l [itadakimasu]
B-Truyn li dn gin tip. Ai ni rng l g ..
LL
75
cc TThhuunn
-Cu trc:
-V d
Thy gio ni rng ngy mai s i n bn.
Th tng ni rng ngy mai s i gp tng thng.

IV/Mu cu hi ln ging cui cu vi t ,nhm mong i s ng tnh ca ngi
khc.
-Cu trc:V
A
A
N
-V d:
Hm nay tri nng nh.
Th su c ngh c phi khng?
Bi 22
**Mnh quan h**
I/Cu trc: N1 Mnh b ngha cho N2
-Xt v d sau:V d 1.
+ y l tm nh.
+ Anh ti chp.
Ni 2 cu n trn bng mnh quan h
---> y l bc nh anh
ti chp.
-Phn tch cu trn s thy
=N1
Mnh b ngha cho N2
N2
V d 2.
y l ci bnh do ba ti lm.
V d 3
y l tin ti nhn c t m.
76
II/Cu trc: Mnh b ngha cho N1 N2

-Xt v d sau:
Hanoi Hanoi
Ti c sinh ra H Ni
Khi chuyn thnh cu s dng mnh quan h s thnh
--> Hanoi Hanoi
Ni ti sinh ra l H Ni
-Phn tch cu trn th
Mnh b ngha cho N1
N1
Hanoi=N2
-Mt s v d khc:
+H H l ngi ang eo knh
--> H Ngi ang eo knh l H
+Minh Minh
Mnh l ngi ang i giy en.
---> Minh Minh
Ngi ang i giy en l Minh.

III/Cu trc: Mnh b ngha N V
** y ch n gin l phn m rng ca cu trc I.
Quay li v d 2 trong phn I. Nu bn mun ni rng n ci bnh do b ti lm th s th
no?
--->
Ti n ci bnh do b ti lm
-Mt s v d khc
+
Hy cho ti xem nh chp H CH MInh.

+
Hy cho ti xem cai o mc ba tic
IV/Cu trc:Mnh b ngha N A A
**y cng l phn m rng ca cu trc I ging nh 3 vy.
hiu r cc bn xem cc v d sau.
+
Ci bnh do b ti lm th ngon
+
Ti thch ci o s mi nhn c t m ti.
+
Ti mun c nh to.
77
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cc TThhuunn
V/Cu trc :Mnh b ngha N

*Tng t IV:
-V d:
Ti khng c thi gian i mua sm

+
Ti khng c thi gian vit th
+
Ti nay ti c hn gp mt vi bn (ti)
Thm mt s cc v d khac gip cc bn hiu r hn v Mnh quan h.
Ti mun lm cng vic c s dng ting Nht.
Ti mun n ci bnh do c y lm.
Ti mun kt hn vi ngi c th ni ting Nht.

****n y chc cc bn cng hiu c phn no v mnh quan h ri nhi?Mi thc
mc nu c rt mong cc bn ng gp kin, mnh s tr li bng tt c kh nng c th.
Bi 23
I/Mu cu vi danh t ph thuc ),dng ch thi gian ai lm mt vic g hay
trong mt trng thi no .
-Cu trc:
V ,....
A
A
N
-V d:
,....
,....
,....
Khi qua ng th ch xe t.
+
Khi c bo th eo knh.
+
Khi khng hiu cch pht m ca ting Nht, th hy hi thy gio.

+
Khi hoa qu r ti rt hay i mua.

78

Khi yn tnh ti c sch.
+
Khi c bi kim tra th ti b m.
***Ch : Khi V1(V2 th V2 y phi xy ra trc V1
V d 1:
+
Khi v nh th mua sch ( y hnh ng mua sch phi xy ra trc hnh ng v nh v nu
bn v nh ri th sao m mua c sch ng khng?
V d 2:
+
Khi v nh th ni l [tadaima] ( y th hnh ng ni tadaima xy ra sau hnh ng v nh, v

phi v nh ri th bn mi c th ni c m)
II/Cu trc cu vi lin t ph thuc
V(+
-Mu cu: Khi ng t th t in + th sau hnh ng s ko theo s vic , hnh ng
tip theo mt cch tt nhin.(Thng dng khi ch ng hay hng dn cch s dng my mc)
-V d:
+
i ht con ng ny ri th s c cng vin.

+
n ci nt ny ri th s c v ra
+
Vn ci nt ny ri th ting s to ln.
Bi 24
I/Mu cu + Cu truc
1/-Mu cu: Mnh nhn t ai mt ci g .
-Cu trc:
S N
-V d:
+
Ti c anh ti tng giy

+
Ti c ngi yu tng hoa

**C th lc b trong mu cu trn m ngha vn khng b thay i.
LL
79
cc TThhuunn
--->
2/-Mu cu: Khi ai lm n hoc lm h mnh mt ci g
-Cu trc :
S N V(Th
-V d:
+

M ti mua cho ti ci o len
+
Yamada v gip ti ci bn .
** y cng c th lc b trong mu cu trn m ngha vn khng b thy i
--->
II/Mu cu + Cu trc
1/-Mu cu:Khi mnh tng hoc cho ai ci g
-Cu trc:
S
-V d
+ Thao
Thao
Ti tng bn Tho quyn sch
+ Thanh
Thanh
Ti tng bn Thanh hoa
2/-Mu cu: Khi mnh lm cho ai mt ci g
-Cu trc
S N V(Th )
-V d:
+ Quyen Hanoi
Quyen Hanoi
Ti hng dn cho bn Quyn v Ha Ni
+ Ha
Ha
Ti gip bn H chuyn nh
III/Mu cu+Ng php
1/-Mu cu: Mnh nhn c t ai mt ci g
-Cu trc:
S N
-V d:
80

Ti nhn c sch t anh Tanaka
+
Ti nhn c ru t anh FURUKAWA

2/-Mu cu:Mnh c hng li t 1 hnh ng ca ngi no .
-Cu trc
S N V(Th )
-V d:
+
Ti c ngi Nht dy ting Nht

+ Dao
Dao
Ti c bn o cho xem nh du lch
Bi 25
I/ Mu cu + Cu trc
-Mu cu: V 1(iu kin) V 2( kt qu).
**Nu iu kin v 1 xy ra th s c kt qu v 2.
-Cu trc
V(-qu kh thng) V 2
A -qu kh thng) V 2
A -qu kh thng) V 2
N(-qu kh thng) V 2
-V d:
+V d vi ng t.
~
Nu tri ma th ti s khng ra ngoi.

~
Nu i b n nh ga th mt khong 30 pht.
~
Nu xe but khng ti th s i bng taxi.

+V d vi tnh t
~
(Khi)Nu tri lnh th hy bt iu ha

~
81
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cc TThhuunn

(Khi)Nu c thi gian rnh th hy hc bi .
+V d vi danh t
~
(Khi)Nu thi tit p th ti i do.

II/Mu cu + Cu trc
-Mu cu
V 1 V 2
** D cho .... th vn. c tc dng nhn mnh thm ca cu vn nhng nu khng c th
ngha ca cu vn c th hiu c.
-Cu trc:
V(-Th V 2.
A (A )
V 2.
A (A ) V 2.
N (N )
V 2.
-V d:
+Vi ng t:
~
Cho d c hc nh th no i chng na th van truot bai kiem tra

~
Cho d c tui th ti vn mun lm vic

+Vi tnh t:
~
D bun ng nhng ti vn phi vit bo co.

~
D cho nng thn c yn tnh th ti vn mun sng thnh ph

+Vi danh t
~
Cho d b m nhng ti vn khng i bnh vin.
Bi 26
-Cu trc:
V(-Th thng thng)+
A (-Th thng thng)+
A (-Th thng thng)+
82
N(-Th thng thng)+

-Ng php
1.Ngi ni a ra phng on sau khi nhn,nghe thy mt iu g ri sau xc nh li
thng tin y.
+
Bn mua my tnh mi phi khng?

+
Bn i leo ni .
+
Bn cm thy khng c khe ?

2.Ngi ni yu cu ngi nghe gii thch v vic ngi ni nghe hoc nhn thy. ( Mang tnh
cht t m)
+
tng s c la cho ai y
+
Bn n Nht t khi no?

+
Bn chp bc nh ny u vy?
3. thanh minh , gii thch l do v li ni hay hnh ng ca mnh.
+
Ti sao hm qua li ngh th?
Ti v hm qua ti au u sut.
+
Ti sao li chuyn nh vy?
Ti v nh by gi trt
4.Mu cu V1 V2(Th )
Ngi ni mun lm V1, v nh ngi nghe lm V2 gip mnh (V2 l hng gii quyt V1)
Bt u ch ca cu chuyn ri tip n l a ra li yu cu,xin php, hi kin.
+
83
LL
cc TThhuunn

Ti mun vit th bng ting Nht,bn c th dy ti mt cht c khng?
+
Ti mun i n Tokyo, bn c th v gip ti bn c khng?

5.Mu cu V1 V2
Ngi ni mun lm V1 v hi ngi nghe l nu lm V2 th c tt khng? hoc lm th no th

tt
+
V l ti mun tr nn gii ting Nht,lm th no th tt ?

+
V l ti khng bit s in thoi, lm th no tra c ?
Bi 27
I - Th kh nng
1.Cch chuyn t th sang th kh nng
a.Vi cc ng t nhm I: Chuyn t ct sang ct
V d:
-
C th chi c( nhc c)
- C th bi c
- C th sa c
...
b. Vi cc ng t nhm II: Cc bn ch vic b nhng ng t nhm ny ri thm
V d
- C th n c
- C th xy c
c. Vi cc ng t nhm III:
- C th n c
-~~~~~~
C th hc c
C th thnh cng c
II. Ng php
1. bi 27 ny l cch ni biu th kh nng c th lm c ci g y hay khng ca mnh
hoc ca ngi khc bng cch s dng th kh nng trn.
**Lu rng tr t ca th kh nng lun lun l
V d:
84
Ti c th vit th c bng ting Nht

-
Ti c th n c 10 bt Ramen (M)
2. Mu cu:
~~~ V
Ch c mi~~~
Mu cu ny c ngha tng ng vi
-V d:
+
Hm nay ti c ngh c mi 15 pht

+
Ti ch hiu mi ting Nht

3.Mu cu:
N
V(Th kh nng)N V(PH nh ca th kh nng)
*y l mu cu so snh, c th lm c ci ny nhng khng th lm c ci kia
-V d
Ti c th ni c ting Nht nhng khng th ni c ting Anh

+
C th chi c bng chy nhng khng th chi oc tenis

4.1 C th nhn thy
* Vi ngha l c th nhn thy , do ngoi cnh tc ng vo vic mnh c nhn thy
hay khng. Khc vi theo cch chuyn sang th kh nng ch l do
ch quan ca ngi ni.
V d:
*Vi
+
Ti c th nhn r nhng vt nh
+
T nh ca ti c th nhn thy ni
*Vi
85
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cc TThhuunn

Mt ca ti khng nhn thy c (Ti b m)
4.2 C th nghe c
* Cng ging vi l nhng m thanh nghe c y l do ngoi cnh,
do t nhin, l nhng m thanh t lt vo tai nh tieng chim ht chng hn.Khc vi
l do ch quan ca ngi nghe mun nghe c.
-v d vi
+
m thanh v nh qu , ti khng nghe thy c
Ti nghe c m thanh ban ny nhng bn ti th khng nghe c

-v d vi
Tai ca ti khng nghe c( Ti b ic)

5.Mu cu: ~~~
** y khng mang ngha c th m n c ngha l ci g ang hoc c hon
thnh.
V d:
-
y ang xy ci g vy?
-
y ang xy vin bo tng

-
Bao gi th xong nh vy?

-
Khong 5 gi chiu th xong.

-
Ti hon thnh xong bi tp

6.1 Khi tr t i km theo sau cc tr t khc nh th n c tc dng nhn
mnh mun ni trong cu.
V d:
86

trng ca ti th c c gio vin ngui M
-
trng i hc ca ti th phi hc c ting

-
T nh ca ti th nhn thy c c ni.

6.2 Khi tr t i km theo sau cc tr t khc nh th c ngha l y
cng .... g y.
V d:
-
trng ca em ti th cng c gio vin ngi M

-
trng ca anh ti th cng phi hc ting

-
T nh ca ng ti cng c th nhn thy ni.
Bi 28
I/ Mu cu:V1(b V2
-Ng php: Va lm V1 va lm V2,V1 lun lun l hnh ng ph so vi V2.
-V d:
+
Ti va cho xem nh va gii thch

+
Ti va lm vic Nht va hc ting Nht.

+
Ti va c sch hng dn va nu n
II/Mu cu:~~V
-Ng php: ng t chia th dng ni v mt hnh ng xy ra thng xuyn,
theo thi quen
-V d:
+
Vo ngy ngh ti thng chi banh

87
LL
cc TThhuunn
Khi rnh ti lc no cng hc ting Anh

+
Hng sng bn thng lm g trong tu in?
Ti va nghe nhc va c sch

III/Mu cu:~~~,~~~,~~~.
-Ng php: Va th ny li va th kia...
Tr t s dng trong cu thng l tr t
1/Vi ng t:
V-Th t in)+V2-Th t in)+,
Va V1 li va V2,hn na li....
-V d:
+
Bn n va c th ni c ting Anh, va c th ni c ting Nht, hn na li cn gii c

chuyn mn.
+
Bn Ri va c th chi c Piano va c th nhy c, hn na li c th ht c.

2/Vi tnh t:
-Vi tnh t ui th gi nguyn ri thm
-V d:
+
Gi va r, li va ngon nn lc no (ti) cng n qun ny.

-Vi tnh t ui v danh t th b thm
-V d:
C y va xinh li va thn thin,hn na cn c th ni c ting Anh.
Bi 29
I/Mu cu + Ng php
-Mu cu: N / (ng t chia th )
-Ng php: Din t trng thi trng thy trc mt, trng thi l kt qu ca hnh ng no
88
,tr t s lm nhn mnh thm ca cu.

-V d:
+
Ca s ang m
+
Ci gh hng (ang hng)

+
Ci ti ny rch
+
Chuyn xe in lc 8 ri th ng
II/ Mu cu + Ng php
-Mu cu V( ng t chia th
-Ng php: Din t vic g c hon tt, hon thnh xong. N cng c ng ngi ni
hi tic v vic mnh lm, ly lm ng tic v iu ,hoc ph bnh hnh ng ca ai .
-V d:
+
Ti c ht quyn tp ch ny ri.
+
Ti n ht bnh mua hi sng ri.

+
Ti ln nhm xe but mt ri
+
Ti lm ri v u mt ri.
***Ty thuc vo ng cnh m cu trc trn c hiu theo ngha hon tt ca mt hnh ng
hay s nui tic ph bnh***
Bi 30
I/Mu cu+ Ng php
-Mu cu: N1 N2
-Ng php: Din t chi tit hn mt vt hin hu trng thi nh th no
-V d:
+
89
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cc TThhuunn

D nh ca thng ny c ghi trn lch.
+
Ti n cnh st c dn bn ca thnh ph.

+
trn tng c treo ci gng.

II/Mu cu + Ng php
-Mu cu: V( ng t chia th
-Ng php: Nhng ng t chia th i km vi thng l tha ng t, din t c
ai thc hin hnh ng
-V d:
+
Gi ca bui hi ngh thng bo cho mi ngi ri.

+
Ngoi ca ra vo v hnh lang dn v sinh cha?
Vng dn v sinh ri.

+
thng bo gi ca ba tic cha?

+
Vng, thng bo ri
III/Mu cu + Ng php
-Mu cu: V ng t chia th
-Ng php:Lm trc hay lm sn ci g tin cho vic v sau.
-V d:
+
Trc khi bn n th dn dp trc phng.

+
Trc khi vit bo co th hy thu thp trc ti liu

+
Trc khi c bi kim tra th hy n tp li sn

90
Bi 31
** Th hng - **
A/Cch chia ng t , t th sang th hng
1.Vi ng t nhm I
-Cch chuyn:Chuyn t ct ca ng t th sang ct
-V d:
+ :Mua
+ :i b
+ :khn trng
+ : i
2.Vi ng t nhm II
-Cch chuyn: Vi nhng ng t nhm ny ch vic b ri thm vo.
-V d:
+ : n
+ : Nhn
+ : Nh
3. Vi ng t nhm III
-Cch chia: Cng ging nhm II, ch vic b thm vo sau.
-V d:
+ : C mt
+: i cng tc
**Vi ng t s thnh th hng.
B/ Ng php bi 31
I/ Cu trc + NG php
-Cu trc: V(-Th hng)
-Ng php:
- Dng khi mun r r hoc yu cu ngi nghe ng vi mnh chuyn g .
-V d:
+
Hy i chi no!
+
NGh mt cht no
+
i mua no.
-S dng khi c thoi.
91
LL
cc TThhuunn
12h ri, i ng thi!

II/Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc: V(-th hng)
-Ng php:Din t quyt nh, ch hoc k hoch ca ngi ni, quyt nh c t trc v
by gi vn gi quyt nh .
-V d:
+
Nu m c thi gian th ti d nh s i du lch

+
Ti d nh l s tm vic ti Nht Bn
+
Ti d nh l s hc tp ti nc ngoi.
III/Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc: V(-Th )
-NG php: Vn cha lm ci g y
-V d:
+
Vn cha np bo co
+
xem b phim mi cha?

+
Cha, ti vn cha xem.

IV/ Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc: -V(-Th t din)
-V
-Ng php: Ch hng r rt, mt quyt nh chc chn hoc mt k hoch c th do ngi ni
ra.
-V d:
+
Gn y v tr nn hi bo mt cht nn ti quyt nh t by gi s n king

+
92
.
27 tui ti d nh s kt hn.
+ Hanoi
Hanoi
Ti quyt nh s sng sut H Ni
+
V tnh trng rng khng c tt nn ti quyt nh s khng n ngt.

+
Ti quyt nh s khng tr v nc
V/Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc: V(-Th t in)
N
-Ng php:L d nh c ln k hoch mt cch chc chn.

-V d:
+
Tun sau gim c s i n chi nhnh.

+
Chuyn bay s n vo lc 11h

+
Sang tun sau na th s i cng tc.

+
Bi kim tra d nh s trong khong 2 ting
Bi 32
I/Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc: V(-Th qu kh)+
V
-Ng php: Dng khi mun a ra li khuyn i vi ngi nghe, lm g th tt hn hoc khng
lm g th tt hn.
-V d:
+
Khi b bnh th nn i n bnh vin.

+
93
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cc TThhuunn
Gn y hc sinh hay i chi nh.
ng l th nh. Th nhng, ti ngh l lc cn tr thu c nhiu kinh nghim th tt hn.

+
V au u nn khng ung bia th tt hn y.

+
Ti mun i chi chu u khong 1 thng, 40 vn yn c khng?
Ti ngh l . Th nhng, khng nn em tin mt i th tt hn y.

II/Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc:
V(-Th thng thng) +
V
-Ng php: Dng phng on da trn nhng yu t khch quan, tnh hung hin ti, da vo
kinh nghim, s hiu bit hoc t mt kt qu phn tch no .Thng c dng trn TV,
Radio trong nhng bn tin d bo thi tit.
-V d:
+
Ti nay c l s nhn thy sao.

+
Ngy mai c l tri s khng ma

+
Ti nay c l s lnh
+
Trng em nay c l s p.
+
Ngy mai c l c tuyt.

III/Cu trc + Ng php
94
-Cu trc:
V(-Th thng thng) +
V
-Ng php: Theo kin ch quan,ch s phn on c th xy ra mc d khng chc chn. V

mc chnh xc ca thng tin th thp hn so vi
-V d:
+
Anh y c th s ngh vic cng ty.

+
C ta c th s khng n cng ty
+
Ngy mai khng bit chng s bn

+
Tun sau khng bit chng cng vic s bn rn

+
C ta khng bit chng s m
Bi 33
Th mnh lnh -Th cm on

-Cch chia t th t in sang th mnh lnh.
+Nhm I: Chuyn t ct sang ct
V d:
+Nhm II: B ri thm

V d:
95
LL
cc TThhuunn

+Nhm III:
~~
-Cch chia t th t in sang th cm on.

Thm vo sau ng t th t in i vi tt c cc nhm I ,II v III.
V d
+Nhm I:
+Nhm II:
+Nhm III:
Ng php
*Dng ra lnh hoc cm on ai lm vic g. V n l th mnh lnh,cm on nghe c sc
thi cng v chua cht nn ch dng khi ngi c a v cao hn vi ngi c a v thp hn.
Thng c gii hn s dng trong gii nam.
-Dng trong trng hp ngi trn ni vi ngi di, cha ni vi con
-
n ngy mai phi tm tt xong bn bo co y

-
Hc bi i
-
Khng c xem tivi

-Dng gia nhng ngi bn trai vi nhau
-
Ti nay n nh tao nh.

-
Khng ung bia na
-Dng khi c v ( Trong trng hp ny th phi n cng c th s dng)
-
96

C ln
-
Chy i
-Dng trong nhng trng hp khn cp, li ni cn ngn gn v c hiu qu nhanh nh trong
c quan nh my.
-
Tt ngun in i
-
Khng c lm ri
-Dng trong hiu lnh hng dn giao thng,
-
Hy dng li
-
Khng c vo
I/Cu trc+Ng php
-Cu trc: A B
-Ng php: A c ngha l B
-V d:
+
Ci bin ny c ngha l hy dng li

+
Ci bin ny c ngha l khng c ht thuc

II/Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc: A
-Ng php: L cch truyn li dn gin tip " A ni rng l ~~~"
-V d:
+Quyen
Quyen
Quyn ni rng ngy mai s n vo lc 5h
+
Anh Nisimura ni rng s khng tham gia vo i hi th thao.

97
LL
cc TThhuunn
Bi 34
I/Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc:
+V(+ V2
+V(+ V2
+N
V2
-Ng php:
Dng khi a ra ch th i vi ngi nghe,mun ngi nghe lm theo mt chun mc hay mt
quy tc no .
+Khi hnh ng mu c thc hin th s dng cu trc:
V1 V2
+V d:

Hy bm phm trn my tnh,theo nh li ti ni lc ny
Hy th nu n theo nh hc ca m i.
+Khi hnh ng mu cha c thc hin, thng i km vi cc ph t nh
th s dng cu trc:
+V(+ V2
+V d:
T by gi hy vit theo nh li ti ni
Hy lm theo nh ti lm.
+Vi danh t th s dng cu trc:
+N
+V d:
V2
Hy bm nt theo s.
Hy i theo nh hnh mi tn
II/Cu trc + Ng php
Cu trc:
V1 () V2
N V2
Ng php: Sau khi lm V1 hoc N th lm V2
98
+V d:
Sau khi kt thc cng vic th i ung.
Sau khi nghe gii thch th a ra cu hi.
Sau khi chi th thao th i tm.
Sau khi n cm th ung c ph.

III/Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc:
V1(,V2
-Ng php: Lm V2 trong tnh trng V1
-V d:
(Ti) cm ri i ra ngoi
(Ti) eo knh ri c sch

IV/Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc:
V1(V2
-Ng php: Lm V2 trong tnh trng khng lm V1 hay khng lm V1 m lm V2
-V d:
Ngy ch nht ti khng i u ht m nh.
Ti khng i cu thang my m i cu thang b.
Bi 35
A-Th iu kin_
I/Cch chia ng t , t th sang th iu kin (_
*Vi ng t nhm I:Chuyn t ct sang ct , b v thm vo.
V d:
+
+
99
LL
cc TThhuunn
+
+
+
*Vi ng t nhm II: B v thay bng
V d:
+
+
*Vi ng t nhm III:
II/Vi tnh t v danh t

*Vi tnh t ui : Chuyn thnh
V d:
+
+
*Vi tnh t ui : B v thm
V d:
*Vi danh t: Ch vic thm

V d:
B-Ng php
I/Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc:
V(

A (
N(
-Ng php: Nu V th..... , din t mi quan h tt yu, ch iu kin cn thit mt s vic
c hnh thnh.
-V d:
+
Nu m c sch gii thch , th s hiu cch s dng

+
Nu m bi kim tra thnh cng th (ti) c th vo i hc.

+
100

Nu m quyn sch ny r th ti mua
+
Nu m hm nay bn th hy n vo ngy mai

+
Nu m rnh th hy gip ti.

+
Nu l ngi xinh p th ti s ci
+
Nu m tri ma th ng git .
II/Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc:
V(V)
A A
A A
-Ng php:Cng...., cng....., biu th cng lm ci g y th cng lm sao y

-V d:
+
Cng s dng my tnh th cng gii

+
Cng mi th cng tin li.

+
Cng cay th cng ngon

+
Thao tc cng n gin th cng d hiu

+
V m cng xinh th cng lo lng.
Bi 36
I/Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc:
V1V2
101
LL
cc TThhuunn
V1 V2
-Ng php:Mu cu c ngha " lm c V1(hoc khng lm V1) th lm V2" V1 ch mc
ch , V2 ch hnh ng c ch thc hin mc ch V1.
V d:
c th n c nhanh th gi ha tc.
c th ni c ting Nht th phi luyn tp hng ngy
khng b mun Sinkansen th nn ri khi nh nhanh
khng b qun s in thoi th hy ghi li.

II/Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc:
V
-Ng php: l ng t c ngha l bin i t trng thi ny sang trng thi khc.Mu
cu "" c ngha l tr nn lm c ci g y.
V d:
Ti tr nn kh hiu ting Nht trn tivi
Bng ting Nht ti c th ni c kin ca bn thn
Ti c th g my tnh nhanh.
III/Cu trc + Mu cu
-Cu trc:
V
-Ng php: Mu cu ny mang ngha ngc vi mu cu II,ch s bin i t c th sang khng
th.
V d:
Ngy mai khng th i chi c

102
Ti khng th c c ch nh
Ti khng th tham gia c l kt hn.

IV.Cu trc + Mu cu:
-Cu trc:
V
V
-Ng php: Mang ngha ai c gng thay i thi quen hoc hon cnh. C gng....
V d:
D cng vic c bn rn th ti cng c gng 10h v n nh
D cng vic c bn rn th ti cng c gng chi vi bn tr
D cng vic c bn rn th ti cng c gng khng ngh cu lc b th thao.
D cng vic c bn rn th ti cng c gng khng tng ca.
Bi 37
Th b ng
*Cch chia t th sang th b ng.
Nhm I: Chuyn t ct sang ct ri cng thm
V d:
Nhm II: Thay bng

V d:
Nhm III:
Vi ng t
103
LL
cc TThhuunn
V d:
*Ng php bi 37 vi th b ng:

I/ Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc:
N1 N2 N V(-th b ng)
-Ng php: N1 b N2 hoc c N2 lm g .
V d:
-

Ti c b trng khen
-

Ti c b trng nh lm vic
-

Ti b ai dm ln chn

Ti b m vt truyn tranh.
II Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc:
N1 N2 ( ng t th b ng)
-Ng php:N2 c lm g ti a im N1
-V d
3.

Trin lm c din ra ti Osaka
Hi ngh quc t c tin hnh ti Osaka

4.

Vin m thut ny s b ph vo thng sau
200
200
Vin m thut ny c xy vo 200 nm trc
5.

t ca Nht bn ang c xut khu i nhiu nc
104

III/Cu trc+ Ng php
-Cu trc:
N1 N2 (ng t b ng)
-Ng php:N1 c lm hay c sng ch bi N2
-V d

Truyn truyn thuyt Genji c vit bi Murasaki sikibu

in thoi c pht minh bi Graham.Bell.
Bi 38
I/Cu trc + Ng php
Cu trc: V A
Ng php:Khi ng t th t in cng vi s bin thnh danh t hay cn gi l danh t
ha ng t. Dng din t cm tng, nh gi i vi ch th ca cu vn v c tc dng
nhn mnh vn mun ni.
V d
Mt ngi m vn chuyn ng hnh l ny l khng th.
Vic i do vo bui sng th cm gic rt thoi mi
Vic tham gia vo i tnh nguyn vin rt l th v

II/Cu trc + Ng php
Cu trc:V A
Ng php: Cng vi ngha ging I nhng khi ch ng l ti hoc mt i t nhn xng no
khc th c thay bng
V d
Ti thch nghe nhc c in
Ti v tranh th km
105
LL
cc TThhuunn
Ti i b th nhanh
Ti n th chm
III/Cu trc + Ng php
Cu trc;V /
Ng php: Khi mun ni l bn qun mt lm mt vic g y hay hi ai c bit thng tin g
y khng th chng ta dng tr t
V d:
Ti qun mt vic tt in
Ti qun mt vic ung thuc
Ti qun mt vic lin lc vi yamada
Bn c bit vic anh Tanaka ngy mai xut vin khng?
Bn c bit vic th su tun sau khng c gi (hc) khng?
Bn c bit vic trc nh ga mi hon thnh mt khch sn to khng?

IV/Cu trc + Ng php
+Cu trc: V N
+Ng php:ng sau ng t th t in + cng c th l danh t N,
Ni con gi ti sinh ra l mt thnh ph nh ti Hokkaido
iu quan trng nht l sc khe ca gia nh.
Bi 39
106
I/Cu trc + Ng php:

1.Cu trc:
V(
V ,
A
2.Ng php:
Mu cu dng nu l do, nguyn nhn nhm biu l cm xc, cm tng.Cc t ch cm xc
thng c s dng nh l:
-->Ngc nhin
--> Tht vng
--> Yn tm
--> Kh khn
--->vui sng
-->bun b
----> ng tic
V d:
-
Ti ngc nhin sau khi c th

-
Nhn c in thoai th ti thy an tm

-
C ta khng c lin lc g nn ti thy lo lng

-
V tai nn nn c nhiu ngi cht.

II/Cu trc + Ng php:
1.Cu trc:
V
+
A
+
A +
N +
2.Ng php:
ng t , tnh t, danh t th thng thng + dng ch l do, nguyn nhn mt cch
khch quan theo din bin, tnh hung t nhin. Ngha tng ng vi nhng mang m
iu nh nhng hn nn thng c dng trong cc tnh hung xin php.
LL
107
cc TThhuunn
3.V d:
V ti c vic bn, nn ti xin php v trc
V sc khe ca ti khng c tt nn cho ti v sm c c khng?
V ti khng hiu ting Nht nn lm n ni chun bng ting Vit c c khng?
V hm qua l sinh nht nn ti ung qu nhiu bia.
Bi 40
I/Cu trc + Ng php
(T hi) + V(-Th thng thng) +
Khng bit l c nh th no hay khng?
-V d;
-
Ti khng bit l khi no th cuc hp kt thc.
-
Hy ni cho ti bit l c bao nhiu lon bia.
-
Hy tm hiu xem trong hp c g hay khng?
II/Cu trc + Ng php
Khi khng c t hi th cu trc l :V(-Th thng thng) +
-V d;
-
Hy kim tra xem l c b thng hay khng?
-
Hy xc nhn li xem l hng ha n hay cha?
-
Khng bit l cu chuyn y c tht hay khng?
III/Cu trc + Ng php
Cu trc; V ng t th +
Ng php; Th lm mt hnh ng V
V d;
-
i th i giy mi
108
-
Th c gng thm mt ln na
-
Th gii thch bng ting Nht
Bi 41
cc bi trc cc bn c bit n biu hin cho v nhn l :
bi ny cc bn s c bit thm
Nhng biu hin ny c dng ty theo mi quan h ca ngi cho v ngi nhn
I/Cu trc + Ng php vi
A./A N
Nhn t A vt N, y A c a v cao hn ngi ni. L khim nhng ng ca
V d:
-
Ti nhn c qu t gim c.
-(
Ci tem qu him gh ha
Ti c nhn n t trng phng y.

B./A V
Ngha cng ging nh cu trc A nhng y khng phi l danh t m l ng t. Nhn t A
mt hnh ng V.
V d;
-
Ti c c gio dn i Tokyo
-
Ti c trng phng cho mn my quay phim
-
Ti c v ca gim c cho xem ngh thut cm hoa.
II/Cu trc + Ng php vi
A./ A N
Mnh nhn c N t A y A c a v cao hn mnh, l khim nhng ng ca
V d:
-
Ti c gim c tng qu
-
Chic khn tay p gh nh
ti nhn c n t c gio y ( y tuy khng c

B./ A V
109
v c n i )
LL
cc TThhuunn
Cng vi ngha ging nh cu trc A nhng l mnh nhn c hnh ng g y t ngi c

a v cao hn mnh.C th n
V d;
-
Ti c trng phng gi cho ti liu ca cuc hp
-
Ti c v ca gim c lm cho mn Tenpura
III/Cu trc + Ng php vi
A./A N
Lm N cho A, y A c a v thp hn ngi ni.
V d;
-
Ti cho con trai n ko
-
Ti cho con ch n
B./A V
Lm hnh ng g y cho A
V d:
-
Ti cho con ch i do
-
Ti mua chi cho con gi ti.
Bi 42
gi, bc
si luc
trn ,pha ln
tnh ton
dy
mng
lut s
nh son nhc
bn tr con
2 ngi ,1 i
gio dc
lch s
vn ho
x hi
lut php
chin tranh
110
ho bnh
mc ch
an ton
lut ,l thuyt
mi quan h
s pha trn
m un nc
ci nt chai
ci m chai
thc n ng hp
o khoc ngoi
bn tnh
nhit k
nguyn vt liu

kim t thp
d liu
tp tin
c gng
ti sao
lin hp quc
th gi Elize
beethoven
phn lan
NG PHP
I> V
N()
, cho,v (1)
mu cu ny c dng din t mt mc ch.
ti dnh gim tin m mt ca hng ca ring mnh
ti s thu mt ci xe cho vic chuyn nh

v sc kho ca mnh,ti chy b mi sng.
111
LL
cc TThhuunn

ti s xy cho gia nh ti mt ci nh
ch : bn hc bi 36 cng din tmt mc ch nhng khng s dng vi
ng t th ch.vi mu cu 1 c th i cng ng tth ch.
*
ti tit kim tin c th c c mt ca hng ring(*)
II> V
cho,dng , N
Ci ko ny dng ct hoa
Ci cp ny to tht ,thun tin i du lch
Ti mt nhiu thi gian cho vic tm s in thoi
III>
s lng
khi nhc n s lng,mo t ch s lng nh nht cn thit.
Vd :
nht bn,bn cn t nht 2 triu yn t chc m ci
s lng
Khi nhc n s lng,mo t din t suy ngh ca ngi ni cho rng s lng c ni n
l nhiu
Vd
bn c cn ti 30 triu yn xy mt ngi nh khng?

PS: bi ny hng phi do mnh son u,ca mt bn no mnh ko nh;), lc trc post ln
ri nhng ai xoa mt tiu, thy cc bn yu cu nn mnh post li cho cc bn tham kho. ng
hiu lm mnh l ngi soan m ti cho tc gi nha bn!
Bi 43
I/Mu cu biu hin trng thi , suy on ca ngi ni v mt s vic trong tng lai hay
v trng thi hin ti ca ai , ca ci g .
112
Cu trc:
ng t b
Tnh t ui b +
Tnh t ui b +
-V d
Tri c v sp ma by gi.
c v sp ri t trn gi xung.
Mn n ny c v ngon.
RI c v ang rnh.
Ngy mai (thi tit) c v tr nn nng.
C ta c v thng minh.
II/Mu cu lm g ri quay tr li
Cu trc:
V
V d:
i ht thuc mt cht ri quay v
i gi in mt cht ri quay v
Ti i xem gi xe bus ri quay li nn hy ch y nh.
Ti a xe t vo bi u xe ri quay li nn hy ch y nh.
113
LL
cc TThhuunn

Giao Trinh Tieng Nhat

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Ting nht cho mi ngi

Mu cu 4: _____<mo> _____<desu (ka)>

Mu cu 6: _____<wa> <nansai><oikutsu> <desu ka>

Mu cu 7: a. _____<wa> <san(sama)><desu ka>

- y l mu cu dng hi Quc tch ca mt ngi.

_____ <_____ wa nanyoubi desuka?>

_____ <_____wa nannichi desuka?>

~<jya (~o) kudasai> vy th, xin cho ti (ti ly) ci ~

<_____ wa soko desu>

______ <_____wa doko desuka.>

- ngha: _____ l y//kia ( nu dng ch ngi th c ngha l V ny//kia)

_____ <_____ wa dochira desuka?>

______ <_____ wa doko no desuka?>

WA v i t thay th vo v tr sau tr t NO th s hay hn, hoc ta c th b hn lun ci

_____ < _____ wa nanai desuka?>

_____ [/color] ( _____ wa ikura desuka?)

<nana kai> tng 7

watashi wa tamago o tabemasu ( ti n trng )

watashi wa shichiji ni nemasu ( ti ng lc 7 gi )

watashi wa BAO ni aimasu ( ti gp Bo )

<watashi wa tegami o kakimasu>

1/ Ng Php : itsumo> ( Lc no cng..... )

2/ Ng Php : ishshoni> (Cng nhau)

<shitsureishimasu> : xin li, lm phin

<watashi wa hasami de kami o kirimasu>

<kinou anata wa nan de bangohan o tabemashita ka>

<kinou watashi wa hashi de bangohan o tabemashita>

<Good bye wa nihongo de nan desu ka>

<watashi wa tomodachi ni PUREZENTO o agemasu>

<watashi wa tomodachi ni hana o moraimasu>

<iie, mada desu>

<anata wa mou bangohan o tabemashita ka>

<iie, mada desu>

<sou desu ne> : nh

By gi chng ta s bt u lm quen vi tnh t trong ting Nht

<Bo san wa shinsetsu desu.>

<kono heya wa kirei desu.>

<A san wa shinsetsu ja arimasen>

<kono heya wa kirei ja arimasen>

<kono tokei wa atarashii desu>

<watashi no sensei wa yasashii desu>

<BETONAMU no tabemono wa taka kunai desu>

<kinou watashi wa totemo isogashi katta desu>

<kinou watashi wa isogashi kuna katta desu>

<fujisan wa takai yama desu>

3. Cch s dng <amari> v <totemo>

<nihon no tabemono wa amari oishi kunai desu>

<kono uta wa totemo suteki desu>

<kono jidousha wa totemo takai desu>

<fujisan wa dou desu ka>

<fujisan wa takai desu>

(Anh A l mt ngi t t.)

<Fujisan wa donna yama desu ka>

<Fujisan wa takai yama desu>

<HOCHIMINH shi wa nigiyaka desu, soshite kirei desu>

Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <suki> + <desu> : thch ci g ...

(B c gii ting Nht khng ?)

<watashi wa nihongo no hon wo kaimasu>

<imasu> : c (ng vt)

(Trong cng vin c ai vy ?)

<sono hako no naka ni hasami ga arimasu>

Ch ng (ng vt, vt) + ni chn + <no> + t ch v tr + <ni> + <arimasu> / <imasu>

<imasu> : c (ng vt)

(Anh Long hc ting Nht c bao lu ri ?)

Mu cu 4: _<mo> _<desu (ka)>

_ <_ wa nanyoubi desuka?>

_ <_wa nannichi desuka?>

__ <_wa doko desuka.>

_ <_ wa dochira desuka?>

__ <_ wa doko no desuka?>

_ < _ wa nanai desuka?>

_ [/color] ( _ wa ikura desuka?)